EP0016215B1 - Ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground - Google Patents

Ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0016215B1
EP0016215B1 EP79901103A EP79901103A EP0016215B1 EP 0016215 B1 EP0016215 B1 EP 0016215B1 EP 79901103 A EP79901103 A EP 79901103A EP 79901103 A EP79901103 A EP 79901103A EP 0016215 B1 EP0016215 B1 EP 0016215B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ram block
steel cylinder
lead
cylinder
mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79901103A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0016215A1 (en
Inventor
Kjell Gustav Landaeus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LUND HYDROMASKIN AB
Original Assignee
LUND HYDROMASKIN AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LUND HYDROMASKIN AB filed Critical LUND HYDROMASKIN AB
Publication of EP0016215A1 publication Critical patent/EP0016215A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0016215B1 publication Critical patent/EP0016215B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/14—Components for drivers inasmuch as not specially for a specific driver construction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S173/00—Tool driving or impacting
    • Y10S173/02—Sound muffling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground.
  • conventional ram blocks are made of cast iron and are short and thick in shape. These cast iron ram blocks provide a short impact wave in the pile, but theoretically a long impact wave is aimed at, which means that it is desired to have a long duration of the period during which the pile is exposed to a force from the ram block, at the expense of a lower force.
  • the usual way of extending the impact wave in the pile is to use thick resilient and also damping shims between the ram block and the pile, and usually these shims are made of wood but also Nylon shims are used. With such a shim an equilization of the force is thus obtained so that the impact wave expressed as the force over the time will be more rectangular and not exponential as when the ram block is allowed to hit the pile directly.
  • these conditions which are more favourable as such are associated with some energy loss in the blow, which may result in the shim getting charred.
  • the ideal condition would be to construct the ram block with the same length, the same cross section and the same weight as the pile to be driven, i. e. the blow should be effected by means of a pile which is substantially identical with the pile to be driven, but this leads to an unpractical construction of the ram block.
  • ram blocks have been constructed with a mass of lead or other damping material enclosed in a steel body in order to obtain thereby some attenuation of the oscillations (DE-C-922 038).
  • the invention is based on the combination of a steel body and lead or similar material for the object of providing a ram block which is of a simple and sturdy construction and does not include springs or movable parts and which provides, at a relatively low sound level, a long impact wave such that one can let the ram block fall from a greater height without the force being so great that there is a risk of the pile being broken to pieces. Thereby the ram block will drive the pile more effectively.
  • a ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground comprising a steel body having lead or similar material enclosed therein, with the characteristics appearing from claim 1.
  • fig. 1 the force obtained by means of a ram block of a prior art construction is plotted over the time as a graph A the force F in Mp being indicated on the vertical axis and the time T in ms being indicated on the horizontal axis.
  • a graph B is plotted, which relates to a ram block of a prior art construction and indicates the velocity V in m/s of the pile being driven, said velocity also being indicated along the vertical axis.
  • the graph A has the appearance characteristic of an exponential impact wave. It is desired to achieve an equilization of the force over the time such that the graph will obtain a more rectangular form, and this is achieved by means of a ram block according to fig. 2.
  • the novel ram block according to the invention comprises an inner steel cylinder 10 and an outer steel cylinder 11, said cylinders being arranged coaxially and being interconnected at the lower ends thereof by means of an annular end wall 12.
  • the inner steel cylinder 10 has an end wall 13 at the top thereof and in this cylinder a cap 14 is provided at the bottom thereof.
  • the inner steel cylinder 10 and the annular space between this cylinder and the outer steel cylinder 11 are filled with lead 15.
  • an eye bolt 16 is provided in the end wall 13; a wire rope 17 can be connected to said eye bolt.
  • the ram block has a length twice as large as the true length. In reality, the functional length even will be larger than the double length of the ram block because the impact wave will be propagated upwards also through the outer steel cylinder before it will be reflected from the upper end of the ram block.
  • the three parts of the ram block which are involved in the propagation of the impact wave viz. the lead mass 15 inside the inner steel cylinder 10, the steel mass of said cylinder, and the lead and steel mass in the space between the cylinders and in the outer steel cylinder 11, respectively, should be matched to each other as far as the acoustic impedance is concerned, in order to obtain an approximately constant force at the blow against the pile.
  • Fig. 3 discloses in a diagram with graphs A and B of the same type as that in fig. 1 the conditions when a ram block according to the invention constructed as shown in fig. 2 and being acoustically matched as indicated above is being used. It will be seen that the graph A in fig. 3 is much more rectangular than the corresponding graph in fig. 1 and that there is obtained according to the graph B in fig. 3 a more uniform driving of the pile. Thanks to the presence of the lead mass in the ram block the sound level when the pile is being driven also will be lower than when prior art ram blocks are being used.
  • Lead would be the material which is most suitable for use as the filling 15 in the cylinders 10 and 11.
  • the sound velocity in lead is relatively low, which provides a desired longer duration of the impact. Instead of a short impact of great force a more extended impact of reduced force is obtained thereby and accordingly the risk of the pile being broken to pieces will be reduced.
  • lead other materials having the ability to prolong the impact wave in this manner can be used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/SE79/00178 Sec. 371 Date May 5, 1980 Sec. 102(e) Date May 5, 1980 PCT Filed Sep. 4, 1979 PCT Pub. No. WO80/00584 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 3, 1980.A ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground has a lead mass (15) which is enclosed in an inner cylinder (10) and in the space between this and an outer cylinder (11). The cylinders are interconnected at the lower end of the ram block where a cap (14) is arranged in the inner cylinder.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground.
  • Generally, conventional ram blocks are made of cast iron and are short and thick in shape. These cast iron ram blocks provide a short impact wave in the pile, but theoretically a long impact wave is aimed at, which means that it is desired to have a long duration of the period during which the pile is exposed to a force from the ram block, at the expense of a lower force.
  • The usual way of extending the impact wave in the pile is to use thick resilient and also damping shims between the ram block and the pile, and usually these shims are made of wood but also Nylon shims are used. With such a shim an equilization of the force is thus obtained so that the impact wave expressed as the force over the time will be more rectangular and not exponential as when the ram block is allowed to hit the pile directly. However, these conditions which are more favourable as such are associated with some energy loss in the blow, which may result in the shim getting charred.
  • The ideal condition would be to construct the ram block with the same length, the same cross section and the same weight as the pile to be driven, i. e. the blow should be effected by means of a pile which is substantially identical with the pile to be driven, but this leads to an unpractical construction of the ram block.
  • Ram block constructions have been proposed previously, which provide a more favourable impact wave than the cast iron ram block and do not involve the drawbacks associated with the use of shims, but these constructions proposed previously wherein mechanical springs or gas springs are used are much more complicated and moreover are exposed to heavy wear when being used.
  • Furthermore, ram blocks have been constructed with a mass of lead or other damping material enclosed in a steel body in order to obtain thereby some attenuation of the oscillations (DE-C-922 038).
  • It has also been proposed (US-A-2 787 984) in the field of percussion apparatus to form a steel hammer piston in a folded manner thus setting up a continuous percussion wave path and increasing the effective length of the piston.
  • The invention is based on the combination of a steel body and lead or similar material for the object of providing a ram block which is of a simple and sturdy construction and does not include springs or movable parts and which provides, at a relatively low sound level, a long impact wave such that one can let the ram block fall from a greater height without the force being so great that there is a risk of the pile being broken to pieces. Thereby the ram block will drive the pile more effectively.
  • For this purpose there is provided according to the invention a ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground, comprising a steel body having lead or similar material enclosed therein, with the characteristics appearing from claim 1.
  • In order to illustrate the invention an embodiment thereof will be described in more detail below, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which
    • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the impact wave and the penetration when using a ram block of a prior art construction having exponential impact wave,
    • Fig. 2 is a perspective view, portions being broken away, of a ram block according to the invention, and
    • Fig. 3 is a diagram corresponding to that of
    • Fig. 1 relating to the novel ram block according to the invention.
  • In fig. 1 the force obtained by means of a ram block of a prior art construction is plotted over the time as a graph A the force F in Mp being indicated on the vertical axis and the time T in ms being indicated on the horizontal axis. Along the same time axis a graph B is plotted, which relates to a ram block of a prior art construction and indicates the velocity V in m/s of the pile being driven, said velocity also being indicated along the vertical axis. As will be seen, the graph A has the appearance characteristic of an exponential impact wave. It is desired to achieve an equilization of the force over the time such that the graph will obtain a more rectangular form, and this is achieved by means of a ram block according to fig. 2.
  • The novel ram block according to the invention, disclosed in fig. 2, comprises an inner steel cylinder 10 and an outer steel cylinder 11, said cylinders being arranged coaxially and being interconnected at the lower ends thereof by means of an annular end wall 12. The inner steel cylinder 10 has an end wall 13 at the top thereof and in this cylinder a cap 14 is provided at the bottom thereof. The inner steel cylinder 10 and the annular space between this cylinder and the outer steel cylinder 11 are filled with lead 15. For the purpose of lifting the ram block thus constructed an eye bolt 16 is provided in the end wall 13; a wire rope 17 can be connected to said eye bolt.
  • When the ram block is lifted and is allowed to fall freely towards the upper end of a pile 18 to be driven into the ground the blow produced when the cap 14 hits the pile will be propagated through the lead mass 15 inside the inner steel cylinder 10 upwards towards the upper end thereof. By the intermediary of the end wall 13 the impact wave passes to the steel cylinder 10 and will be propagated downwards therein to the lower end wall 12 to be again propagated upwards therefrom in the part of the lead mass 15 contained between the steel cylinders 10 and 11. Thus, it could be said that the lead mass is »double-folded« such that it will take twice the time for the impact wave to travel through the ram block as in the case wherein the ram block comprises a lead mass enclosed in a single steel cylinder only. This means that functionally the ram block has a length twice as large as the true length. In reality, the functional length even will be larger than the double length of the ram block because the impact wave will be propagated upwards also through the outer steel cylinder before it will be reflected from the upper end of the ram block.
  • The three parts of the ram block which are involved in the propagation of the impact wave, viz. the lead mass 15 inside the inner steel cylinder 10, the steel mass of said cylinder, and the lead and steel mass in the space between the cylinders and in the outer steel cylinder 11, respectively, should be matched to each other as far as the acoustic impedance is concerned, in order to obtain an approximately constant force at the blow against the pile. This means that the properties of the materials and the dimensions of said three parts of the ram block are chosen in such a way that the force from the impact wave will be approximately constant without abrupt changes when passing between the parts.
  • Fig. 3 discloses in a diagram with graphs A and B of the same type as that in fig. 1 the conditions when a ram block according to the invention constructed as shown in fig. 2 and being acoustically matched as indicated above is being used. It will be seen that the graph A in fig. 3 is much more rectangular than the corresponding graph in fig. 1 and that there is obtained according to the graph B in fig. 3 a more uniform driving of the pile. Thanks to the presence of the lead mass in the ram block the sound level when the pile is being driven also will be lower than when prior art ram blocks are being used.
  • Lead would be the material which is most suitable for use as the filling 15 in the cylinders 10 and 11. The sound velocity in lead is relatively low, which provides a desired longer duration of the impact. Instead of a short impact of great force a more extended impact of reduced force is obtained thereby and accordingly the risk of the pile being broken to pieces will be reduced. Instead of lead other materials having the ability to prolong the impact wave in this manner can be used.

Claims (2)

1. Ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground comprising a steel body (11) having lead or similar material (15) enclosed therein, characterized in that the lead or similar material (15) is enclosed in part in an inner steel cylinder (10) and in part in an annular space between the inner steel cylinder (10) and an outer steel cylinder (11) surrounding the inner steel cylinder coaxially, the outer steel cylinder being connected at the bottom thereof with the inner steel cylinder, and a cap (14) is arranged at the bottom of the inner steel cylinder (10).
2. A ram block according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass of lead or similar material (15) in the inner steel cylinder (10), the steel mass of this cylinder and the mass of lead or similar material in the space between the cylinders and the steel mass of the outer cylinder (11) are matched to each other with regard to acoustic impedance, which means that the material properties and the dimensions of these masses are chosen to provide a substantially constant force from the impact wave propagated through the masses.
EP79901103A 1978-09-05 1980-04-08 Ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground Expired EP0016215B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7809303 1978-09-05
SE7809303A SE412778B (en) 1978-09-05 1978-09-05 HEJARE, FOR CLOSING PALS AND SIMILAR IN THE MARKET

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0016215A1 EP0016215A1 (en) 1980-10-01
EP0016215B1 true EP0016215B1 (en) 1982-11-17

Family

ID=20335727

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79901103A Expired EP0016215B1 (en) 1978-09-05 1980-04-08 Ram block for driving piles and the like into the ground

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4350214A (en)
EP (1) EP0016215B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE1828T1 (en)
DE (1) DE2964064D1 (en)
DK (1) DK154787C (en)
MY (1) MY8600439A (en)
SE (1) SE412778B (en)
SG (1) SG71284G (en)
WO (1) WO1980000584A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4569402A (en) * 1983-03-01 1986-02-11 Kjell Landaeus Method of controlling impact force and shock interval in drop hammers
US4681171A (en) * 1985-07-12 1987-07-21 Kee Gene A One-person battering ram
US20050087352A1 (en) * 2002-07-04 2005-04-28 Atlas Copco Electric Tools Gmbh Portable Tool
US20070181320A1 (en) * 2006-02-06 2007-08-09 Robert Mason Fence Post Driver and Remover

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1167975A (en) * 1914-05-21 1916-01-11 Engineering Products Corp Pneumatic-tool piston.
US2787984A (en) * 1951-06-18 1957-04-09 Atlas Copco Ab Hammer piston for percussion apparatuses and percussion apparatus provided therewith
DE922038C (en) * 1953-01-23 1955-01-07 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Percussion piston for rams
US3570609A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-03-16 Gen Dynamics Corp Acoustic impact device
US4132108A (en) * 1977-09-28 1979-01-02 The Boeing Company Ram assembly for electromagnetic high energy impact apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK154787C (en) 1989-06-05
MY8600439A (en) 1986-12-31
US4350214A (en) 1982-09-21
SE7809303L (en) 1980-03-06
SE412778B (en) 1980-03-17
ATE1828T1 (en) 1982-12-15
EP0016215A1 (en) 1980-10-01
WO1980000584A1 (en) 1980-04-03
DK197980A (en) 1980-05-06
DE2964064D1 (en) 1982-12-23
DK154787B (en) 1988-12-19
SG71284G (en) 1985-04-26

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