DE632225C - Process for the manufacture of shelf-stable carbonaceous fertilizers - Google Patents

Description

Process for making storage stable carbonaceous fertilizers It has been found in accordance with the present invention that one has excellent storable carbonaceous fertilizers are obtained by relying on carbonaceous substances, such as coal, lignite, humus coal, peat, lignin, organic waste materials that are expedient can be used in a naturally moist or moistened state, mixed with rock phosphates Nitric oxide or nitric acid act in vapor or liquid state and the acidic digestion mass obtained by the digestion is neutralized.

The digestion is expediently carried out in such a way that the mixture made of rock phosphate and carbonaceous material is poured into acid-resistant containers and a nitrogen oxide-containing gas stream through the mixture or through the charged, optionally passes through containers arranged one behind the other. Particularly suitable are for this the nitrous gases, which are produced in the catalytic combustion of ammonia can be obtained. In this case, there is usually a special supply of moisture superfluous, since the gases from ammonia combustion are generally water vapor carry with them. On the other hand, it can be useful when using naturally moist coal be to remove all or part of the moisture content of the nitrous gases beforehand. If phosphates with a high fluorine content are used, the phosphates can be pretreated made with small amounts of mineral acids for the purpose of decomposing the fluorine compounds will.

The acidic digestion product is by treatment with bases in a Phosphate fertilizers of neutral quality transferred. When using a larger one Phosphoric acid or monocalcium phosphate is added to the neutralizing agent converted entirely or to a considerable extent to dicalcium phosphate.

Ammonia in particular is used as a neutralizing agent in gaseous, aqueous or liquid form into consideration; here nitrogen is not only used as Ammonium salt of inorganic acids, but also in the form of water-soluble carbon-nitrogen compounds bound in the product in the manner of ammonium humates. By the previous action the nitrogen oxides or nitric acid on the carbonaceous substances their capacity for ammonia increases.

In place of the ammonia, ammonium carbonate can also be used in whole or in part respectively. -bicarbonate or ammonia and; Carbonated be used, being carbonated Lime is formed. Ammonia and carbonic acid can be used with or without application from Pressure, also in the gaseous or liquid state or in aqueous solution for Action can be brought.

The carbon-phosphate mixture can: Suf2ft, "= preferably alkali or ammonium sulfate, be.1. ' be mixed, with one Conversion of the calcium nitrate into plaster takes place. Furthermore, before, during or after the digestion or after the neutralization further substances with a fertilizing effect, z. B. potassium chloride, can be added. This way you can have a complete fertilizer get all the plant nutrients in a more expedient and good way for the plant absorbable form and which also still has a considerable content soluble charcoal, which also has a beneficial effect on the growth of plants exercises is excellent. Such fertilizers have a good spreading ability and Shelf life so that they can be stored even for long periods of time under a high degree of humidity in contrast to. many nitrate fertilizers completely dry and spreadable stay. By adding such fertilizers to fertilizer salts that tend to bake, The storage life can even be significantly increased.

Particularly noteworthy is the surprisingly good storage stability of the fertilizers produced according to the invention, which is evident from the following comparative tests. Samples of fertilizers produced according to the invention (I-IV) were used as a comparison sample together with a mixed fertilizer made from nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts (V) stored on the one hand at a relative humidity of 75 0 [0, on the other hand at a relative humidity of go 0f0. At 0f0 relative humidity and after 3 days of storage or at 75% and after 6 weeks of storage, the comparison sample was caked, while the samples produced according to the method of the invention had retained their throwing power almost undiminished despite in some cases higher water absorption. Nutrient content in 0/0 weight gain during the Storage External condition Designation immediately after the - 1V P O. K, 0 3 days - q2 days storage 2 ° at 9, o0 /,) rel. F. at 75% rel. F. I 9 , 0 7.5 r10.5 14.6 9.5 II 11.7 7.9 11.2 13.7 107 loose; Dispersible 111 1.0.8 . 8.4 10.8 20.3 193 still to go act 9 , 5 8.1 8,5 -_ 1 = , 9 5 , 3 V 15.1 12, _3 26.3 15.6 719 caked together; - adheres to the 'Vessel wall In a further test, which ran for 1 year at go @ 0 / # o relative humidity, the inorganic fertilizer salts used for comparison, such as ammonium sulphate, urea, NPK mixed fertilizer, had become liquid after 1 to 2 months, while at the same time stored carbonaceous fertilizers produced by the process of the present invention were sometimes only moist after more than twice as long, for example. Some even after a full year were still completely dry and spreadable.

Exemplary embodiment - 8oo parts by weight of humus charcoal are intimately mixed with 300 parts by weight. Pebble phosphate and then passes through the mixture for several hours nitrogen oxide-containing gases obtained by the catalytic combustion of ammonia. The acidic digestion product is then treated with ammonia; the end product has the following levels of ingestible plant nutrients N total ........ 8.67 04, water soluble ..... 7, I7 0 / u, in N H37 form. . . . . 4z I9%, in NOg form ..... 2.86 P205 total ........ g, io 0/0, water soluble ..... o, 48%, citrus soluble ...... 8.73%. It is already known to bring chlorine, hydrochloric acid gas or sulfur trioxide or sulfur dioxide and oxygen into action on mixtures of carbonaceous materials and raw phosphates and to break down raw phosphate in the presence of carbonaceous materials with sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and neutralize the reaction product with ammonia. It is also known to digest raw phosphates with nitric acid or nitrogen oxides alone. It has also been proposed to treat carbonaceous materials individually with nitrogen oxides, forming acidic humic acid-like compounds which can be neutralized with alkalis and made water-soluble.

In contrast, the method of the present invention is a new, technically valuable path opened up by exposure to nitrogen oxides or Nitric acid on a mixture of carbonaceous substances and rock phosphates at the same time to break down the phosphate and next to it the carbonaceous materials subject to a change, through which they in the subsequent neutralization with ammonia to absorb larger amounts of nitrogen than without this pretreatment enabled and at the same time largely brought into water-soluble form, and so on to get to a mixed fertilizer or by adding potash salt to a complete fertilizer, which, despite its hygroscopic salt content, has a surprisingly long shelf life having.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM: Process for the production of storage-stable carbonaceous Fertilizers by treating a mixture of carbonaceous materials, such as coal, lignite, humus coal, peat, lignin or organic waste, and Rock phosphates with acids or acidic gases in the presence of water and neutralization the acidic digestion mass obtained, characterized in that the mixture from carbonaceous material and rock phosphates nitrogen oxides or nitric acid can act in vapor or liquid state.