DE4410046C2 - Method and material for producing a three-dimensional object by sintering - Google Patents
Method and material for producing a three-dimensional object by sinteringInfo
- Publication number
- DE4410046C2 DE4410046C2 DE4410046A DE4410046A DE4410046C2 DE 4410046 C2 DE4410046 C2 DE 4410046C2 DE 4410046 A DE4410046 A DE 4410046A DE 4410046 A DE4410046 A DE 4410046A DE 4410046 C2 DE4410046 C2 DE 4410046C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- component
- powder
- melting
- melting point
- powder material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Pulvermaterial zur Verwen dung in einem derartigen Verfahren nach Anspruch 6.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to the generic term of claim 1 and a powder material for use dung in such a method according to claim 6.
Aus der US-PS 4863538 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem eine vorbe stimmte Menge eines pulverförmigen Kunststoffmateri als auf eine Unterlage bzw. eine vorher erzeugte Schicht eines Objekts aufgebracht, dort verteilt und mittels ei nes Laserstrahls an den dem Objekt entsprechenden Stellen bestrahlt wird, so daß das Material dort zusammens intert (sogenanntes Lasersintern).A method is known from US Pat. No. 4,863,538 known, where a vorbe agreed amount of a powdered plastic material than on a base or a previously created layer applied to an object, distributed there and by means of egg laser beam to the object corresponding to the object Places is irradiated so that the material there together intert (so-called laser sintering).
Daneben ist es bekannt, ein Feinguß-Urmodell zu nächst aus Wachs herzustellen und anschließend durch eine Tauchbeschichtung mit einer wenige Millimeter dicken Keramikschicht zu umhüllen. Durch Erhitzung wird die Keramikschicht zur fertigen Form gehärtet und gleichzeitig das Wachsmodell darin durch Ausschmel zen entfernt. Nachteil des Wachses ist jedoch dessen geringe mechanische Stabilität bzw. Sprödigkeit und thermische Beständigkeit. Ferner läßt sich Wachs nur schlecht maschinell bearbeiten.In addition, it is known to be an investment model next to make from wax and then through a dip coating with a few millimeters to encase thick ceramic layer. By heating the ceramic layer is hardened to the finished shape and at the same time the wax model in it by melting out zen removed. However, the disadvantage of wax is that low mechanical stability or brittleness and thermal resistance. Furthermore, wax can only be used poorly machined.
Mit einem Verfahren nach der US-A-4 863 538 wäre es möglich, die Herstellung des Wachsmodells zu erleich tern. Allerdings ist die Verwendung von Wachspulver im Lasersinterprozeß wegen der Überhitzungsgefahr des Pulverbettes schwierig und erfordert zusätzliche Maßnahmen wie Kühlung. Aus diesem Grund wurde bereits die Verwendung von Polycarbonat als Material in Betracht gezogen. Dieses Material verlangt aber bei der Sinterung eine sehr genaue Temperaturregelung der obersten Pulverschicht von etwa 2 bis 5°C unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Materials. Auch erlaubt die ge genüber dem Wachs erheblich höhere Schmelztempera tur kein einfaches Übernehmen des üblichen Aus schmelzprozesses. Schließlich ist die Viskosität der Polycarbonat-Schmelze erheblich höher als die von ge schmolzenem Wachs, so daß die Keramikhülle nicht durch einfaches Ausfließen der Schmelze entleert wer den kann, sondern die Schmelze regelrecht ausgebrannt werden muß.With a method according to US-A-4 863 538 it is possible to facilitate the production of the wax model tern. However, the use of wax powder in the laser sintering process because of the risk of overheating of the powder bed difficult and requires additional Measures like cooling. For this reason already the use of polycarbonate as a material taken into consideration. But this material requires a very precise temperature control during sintering the top powder layer from about 2 to 5 ° C below the melting point of the material. The ge Much higher melting temperature than wax not a simple takeover of the usual off melting process. After all, the viscosity is the Polycarbonate melt significantly higher than that of ge melted wax so that the ceramic shell does not emptied by simply pouring out the melt that can, but the melt literally burned out must become.
Aus der DE-OS 41 33 923 ist ein Verfahren zum Her stellen eines Feinguß-Urmodells mittels Stereolithogra phie bekannt, bei der jeweils eine Schicht eines flüssi gen, UV-aushärtbaren Materials aufgebracht und durch Einwirkung eines Laserstrahls an den der Form entspre chenden Stellen verfestigt wird. Die Feingußmodelle werden zweckmäßig aus zwei Werkstoffen mit unter schiedlichen Schmelzpunkten angefertigt, um Form schäden durch Schalensprengung beim Ausschmelzen der Modelle zu verhindern.From DE-OS 41 33 923 is a method for Her make an investment model using stereolithography phie known, each with a layer of a liquid gene, UV-curable material applied and through Exposure of a laser beam to the shape appropriate places is solidified. The investment cast models are expediently made of two materials with under different melting points made to shape damage from shell explosion when melting out to prevent the models.
Aus der US-PS 4 944 817 ist ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 bekannt.From U.S. Patent 4,944,817 is a procedure according to The preamble of claim 1 is known.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art und ein dafür geeignetes Mate rial zu schaffen, mit dem die genannten Probleme ver mieden werden. Insbesondere soll die Herstellung des Modells in einfacher Weise und vorzugsweise bei Raumtemperatur und das Ausschmelzen ohne die Ge fahr der Zerstörung der Überzugsschicht möglich sein.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method of type mentioned above and a suitable mate rial with which the problems mentioned ver be avoided. In particular, the manufacture of Model in a simple manner and preferably at Room temperature and melting without the Ge risk of destruction of the coating layer.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. durch ein Material mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 gelöst.This task is accomplished through a process with the Features of claim 1 or by a material solved with the features of claim 6.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren basiert also auf dem aus der obengenannten US-A-4 863 538 bekannten Lasersinterverfahren, auf das hiermit zur weiteren Er läuterung verwiesen wird. Im Unterschied zum bekann ten Verfahren wird jedoch bei der Erfindung kein ein heitliches Pulvermaterial, sondern eine Mischung aus zwei Komponenten mit unterschiedlichem Schmelzpunkt verwendet. Eine erste Komponente be steht im wesentlichen aus einem Pulvermaterial mit ho hem Schmelzpunkt, vorzugsweise über 150°C, und eine zweite Komponente weist ein Pulvermaterial mit dem gegenüber niedrigerem Schmelzpunkt von beispiels weise 60 bis 130, vorzugsweise etwa 90°C auf. Die Ver wendung der niedrigschmelzenden zweiten Komponen te hat dabei auch den Vorteil, daß die Lasersinterung etwa bei Raumtemperatur durchgeführt werden kann, wodurch der Aufbau der Sintermaschine erheblich ein facher gehalten werden kann.The method according to the invention is therefore based on that known from the aforementioned US-A-4,863,538 Laser sintering process, to which further Er purification is referred. In contrast to the known However, no method is used in the invention uniform powder material, but a mixture of two components with different Melting point used. A first component be essentially consists of a powder material with ho hem melting point, preferably above 150 ° C, and a second component has a powder material with the towards lower melting point of example have 60 to 130, preferably about 90 ° C. The Ver application of the low-melting second components te also has the advantage that the laser sintering can be done at room temperature, which significantly increases the structure of the sintering machine can be kept more diverse.
Als erste Komponente wird entweder ein Kunststoff pulver wie Polyamid oder ein Metall- oder Keramikpul ver verwendet. Als zweite Komponente kommt insbe sondere ein thermoplastischer Kunststoff wie Copolya mid oder Copolyester in Frage. Die Korngröße der bei den Komponenten liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 50 bis 100 µm.The first component is either a plastic powder such as polyamide or a metal or ceramic powder ver used. The second component comes in particular especially a thermoplastic such as Copolya mid or copolyester in question. The grain size of the at the components are preferably in the range of 50 to 100 µm.
Der Anteil der ersten bzw. zweiten Komponente an der Gesamtmenge des Materials kann entsprechend den gewünschten mechanischen Eigenschaften des ferti gen Objekts eingestellt werden; beispielsweise führt ein hoher Anteil der niedrigschmelzenden Komponente, al so von Copolyester oder Copolyamid, zu flexiblen Ob jekten, während bei einem niedrigeren Anteil eine er höhte Härte und Steifigkeit erreicht wird. Auch wird von dem Mischungsverhältnis ebenso wie durch die Auswahl der beiden Komponenten die für das Aus schmelzen erforderliche Temperatur bestimmt. Günsti ge Mischungsverhältnisse liegen etwa im Bereich von 50 bis 90 Vol.-% und vorzugsweise 75 bis 85 Vol.-% der ersten Komponente und dem entsprechenden Rest der zweiten Komponente.The proportion of the first or second component the total amount of material can be made accordingly the desired mechanical properties of the ferti be set to object; for example introduces high proportion of the low-melting component, al so from copolyester or copolyamide to flexible whether projects, while at a lower proportion he high hardness and rigidity is achieved. Also will of the mixing ratio as well as by the Selection of the two components for the off melting required temperature determined. Favorable Mixing ratios are approximately in the range of 50 to 90 vol .-% and preferably 75 to 85 vol .-% of first component and the corresponding rest of the second component.
Nach der schichtweisen Verfestigung des Objekts durch Lasersinterung und gegebenenfalls einer Nachbe handlung wird das Objekt durch eine Tauchbeschich tung mit einer wenige Millimeter dicken Keramik schicht umhüllt. In einem weiteren Verarbeitungsschritt wird das Objekt zusammen mit der Keramikschicht auf eine Temperatur erhitzt die über der Schmelztempera tur der zweiten Komponente, aber unter der Schmelz temperatur der ersten Komponente liegt. Diese Tempe ratur liegt je nach verwendetem Material bei etwa 60 bis 130°C. Es schmilzt also nur die niedrigschmelzende zweite Komponente, wodurch aber das Gefüge des in gewissem Umfang porösen Sintermaterials des Objekts, das im Vergleich zum Vollmaterial nur eine Dichte von 50 bis 75% aufweist, in sich zusammenbricht und die Viskosität des Gesamtmaterials auf Werte vergleichbar derjenigen von ausschmelzendem Wachs absinkt, so daß das Material aus der Keramikhülle durch entspre chende geeignete Löcher ausfließen kann. Wegen des Aufschmelzens lediglich der niedrigschmelzenden zwei ten Komponente treten beim Schmelzen nur geringe innere Spannungen und damit geringe Verzugserschei nungen auf, so daß die Gefahr, daß die Keramikhülle, die gleichzeitig bei der Erhitzungstemperatur gehärtet wird, beschädigt oder zerstört wird, durch das erfin dungsgemäße Verfahren reduziert wird.After the object has been solidified in layers by laser sintering and, if necessary, post-processing the object is treated by a dip coating with a few millimeters thick ceramic layer wrapped. In a further processing step the object along with the ceramic layer a temperature heats it above the melting temperature structure of the second component, but under the enamel temperature of the first component. This tempe Depending on the material used, the temperature is around 60 up to 130 ° C. So it only melts the low-melting second component, whereby the structure of the in to a certain extent porous sintered material of the object, that in comparison to the solid material only a density of 50 to 75%, collapses and the Viscosity of the entire material comparable to values that of melting wax drops, so that the material from the ceramic cover by correspond suitable holes can flow out. Because of the Melting only the low-melting two th component occurs only slightly when melting internal tensions and thus low warpage on, so that the risk that the ceramic shell, the hardened at the same time at the heating temperature is damaged, or destroyed by the inventions process according to the invention is reduced.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4410046A DE4410046C2 (en) | 1994-03-23 | 1994-03-23 | Method and material for producing a three-dimensional object by sintering |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4410046A DE4410046C2 (en) | 1994-03-23 | 1994-03-23 | Method and material for producing a three-dimensional object by sintering |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE4410046C1 DE4410046C1 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
DE4410046C2 true DE4410046C2 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
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DE4410046A Expired - Fee Related DE4410046C2 (en) | 1994-03-23 | 1994-03-23 | Method and material for producing a three-dimensional object by sintering |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE4410046C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19545167A1 (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1997-06-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Method of manufacturing a prototype component or tool from a stereo-sintered polystyrene pattern |
WO2018077340A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method and system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE225222T1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 2002-10-15 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | PROCESS FOR USE IN FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY |
DE19707906C2 (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-06-24 | Univ Magdeburg Tech | Process for the production of hollow metal molds |
DE19709081A1 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-10 | Michael Demerath | Rapid prototyping of sand casting moulds and cores by layered build=up |
DE19729770C1 (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1998-11-05 | Daniel Graf | Manufacture of metal products of arbitrary form by layered build=up and laser engraving of layers |
DE19929290A1 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2000-12-28 | Volkswagen Ag | Process for the production of magnesium-containing metal castings |
DE10256097A1 (en) | 2002-12-02 | 2004-06-17 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Plastic powder for laser sintering |
DE102008024281A1 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2009-12-03 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Producing a three-dimensional object by selectively sintering a polymer powder comprises using a polymer that has a branching group in the main chain, has a modified terminal group and/or has a bulky group in the main chain |
EP2123430B1 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2020-07-01 | EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems | Influencing specific mechanical properties of three-dimensional objects manufactured by a selective sintering by means of electromagnetic radiation from a powder comprising at least one polymer or copolymer |
DE102008024288A1 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2009-12-03 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Preparing a three-dimensional object from a powder, comprising polymer or copolymer containing an aromatic group that non-linearly links to the main chain, comprises selective sintering of the powder by electromagnetic radiation |
US9895842B2 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2018-02-20 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Selective sintering of structurally modified polymers |
US9330406B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2016-05-03 | Cobra Golf Incorporated | Method and system for sales of golf equipment |
US8007373B2 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2011-08-30 | Cobra Golf, Inc. | Method of making golf clubs |
DE102010062875A1 (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Producing component, preferably plastic component for motor vehicle, comprises laser sintering, where powdery material is used as sintering material, which comprises thermoplastic polyurethane |
DE102018219302A1 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-14 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Selective sintering of polymer-based building materials |
DE102018219303A1 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-14 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Warp-optimized plastic powder |
DE102019212298A1 (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2021-02-18 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Selective sintering of polymer-based composite materials |
US11578201B2 (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2023-02-14 | Eos Of North America, Inc. | Biodegradable material for additive manufacturing |
EP4367178A1 (en) | 2021-07-05 | 2024-05-15 | EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems | Biodegradeable plastics for use in additive manufacturing processes |
DE102021119991A1 (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-02 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Chemical treatment of components |
DE102022129476A1 (en) | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-08 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Coarse flame retardant |
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US4863538A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1989-09-05 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
US4944817A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1990-07-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering |
WO1992010343A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-25 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Producing parts by compound formation of precursor powders |
DE4133923A1 (en) * | 1991-10-12 | 1993-04-15 | Borsig Babcock Ag | LOST MODEL AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
EP0287657B1 (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1994-12-28 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
-
1994
- 1994-03-23 DE DE4410046A patent/DE4410046C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
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US4863538A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1989-09-05 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
US4944817A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1990-07-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering |
EP0287657B1 (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1994-12-28 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
WO1992010343A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-25 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Producing parts by compound formation of precursor powders |
DE4133923A1 (en) * | 1991-10-12 | 1993-04-15 | Borsig Babcock Ag | LOST MODEL AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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DE-Z: "konstruieren und gießen" 17, (1992), 4, S.13-19 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19545167A1 (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1997-06-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Method of manufacturing a prototype component or tool from a stereo-sintered polystyrene pattern |
WO2018077340A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method and system for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal |
DE102016221219A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method and plant for producing a friction lining made of sintered metal |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE4410046C1 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
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