DE3842251A1 - Variable valve overlap for four-stroke engines by means of intermediate gearing with adjustment - Google Patents

Variable valve overlap for four-stroke engines by means of intermediate gearing with adjustment

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Publication number
DE3842251A1
DE3842251A1 DE3842251A DE3842251A DE3842251A1 DE 3842251 A1 DE3842251 A1 DE 3842251A1 DE 3842251 A DE3842251 A DE 3842251A DE 3842251 A DE3842251 A DE 3842251A DE 3842251 A1 DE3842251 A1 DE 3842251A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gear
gears
teeth
camshaft
art
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE3842251A
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German (de)
Inventor
Gerd Mager
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE3842251A priority Critical patent/DE3842251A1/en
Publication of DE3842251A1 publication Critical patent/DE3842251A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
    • F02D13/0215—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing the valve timing only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/352—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using bevel or epicyclic gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0261—Controlling the valve overlap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

In order to bring four-stroke engines up to a higher specific output but at the same time to a lower partial load consumption, the values for the start of inlet and exhaust, fixed in conventional engines, are designed to be variable in that an intermediate gearing is connected to the relevant camshaft on the input side. The said gearing comprises two identical gears with n teeth and two likewise identical gears with m teeth. An m-toothed and an n-toothed gear are rigidly connected to one another and rotatably mounted in an adjusting lever. The two other gears lie coaxially in tandem and represent the drive and output side respectively. The pair of gears supported in the adjusting lever meshes on one side with the gear of the output side and on the other with the gear of the drive side. Rotation of the bearing lever about the centre point of the gears of drive and output side causes a phase offset of the rotational movement between drive and output side.

Description

Es handelt sich im folgenden um eine Steuerung, die grundsätzlich bei allen Viertaktmotoren anwendbar ist, sofern diese für Ein- und Auslaßventilbetätigung voneinander unabhängige Nockenwellen besitzen.In the following it is a control that basically applicable to all four-stroke engines, provided that this for intake and exhaust valve actuation independent of each other Have camshafts.

Aufbauconstruction

Der Antrieb der jeweiligen Nockenwelle erfolgt hierbei über ein Zwischengetriebe nach Abb. 1, welches aus zwei gleichen Zahnrädern mit n Zähnen und zwei ebenfalls gleichen Zahnrädern mit m Zähnen besteht;
Bedingung: m≠n.The respective camshaft is driven by an intermediate gear according to Fig. 1, which consists of two identical gears with n teeth and two identical gears with m teeth;
Condition: m ≠ n .

Zahnrad 2 und Zahnrad 4 sind durch eine Achse starr miteinander verbunden und drehbar im Hebel P gelagert. Zahnrad 3 ist ebenfalls im Hebel P gelagert und steht mit Zahnrad 4 im Eingriff.Gear 2 and gear 4 are rigidly connected to each other by an axis and rotatably mounted in the lever P. Gear 3 is also mounted in lever P and meshes with gear 4 .

Zahnrad 1, unmittelbar auf die Nockenwelle oder Zwischenwelle aufgeflanscht, steht mit Zahnrad 2 im Eingriff. Die Mittelachsen der Zahnräder 1 und 3 fluchten miteinander, es besteht jedoch keine Verbindung zwischen ihnen.Gear 1 , flanged directly onto the camshaft or intermediate shaft, meshes with gear 2 . The central axes of the gears 1 and 3 are aligned with one another, but there is no connection between them.

Funktionsweisefunctionality

Das Antriebsrad (Zahnrad 3) des Zwischengetriebes wird über eine Transmission von der Kurbelwelle aus dergestalt angetrieben, daß sich ein Untersetzungsverhältnis Kurbelwellendrehzahl zu Nockenwellendrehzahl von 2 : 1 ergibt. Dabei liegen die Öffnungs- und Schließpunkte der Nockenwelle, jeweils in Grad Kurbelwellenwinkel gemessen, eindeutig fest.The drive wheel (gear 3 ) of the intermediate gear is driven by a transmission from the crankshaft in such a way that a reduction ratio of crankshaft speed to camshaft speed of 2: 1 results. The opening and closing points of the camshaft, measured in degrees crankshaft angle, are clearly fixed.

Wird nun der Hebel P um einen Winkel alpha um den Punkt M herum gedreht, so wird das Zahnrad 4 auf dem Zahnrad 3 abgerollt. Der für diesen Abrollvorgang sich zusätzlich ergebende Umdrehungswinkel errechnet sich wie folgt:If the lever P is now rotated through an angle alpha around the point M , the gear 4 is rolled on the gear 3 . The additional angle of rotation resulting for this rolling process is calculated as follows:

Zahnrad 4 und 2 sind starr miteinander verbunden, daher wird auch Zahnrad 2 um delta phi(4) weitergedreht, d. h.,Gear 4 and 2 are rigidly connected to each other, therefore gear 2 is rotated further by delta phi (4) , ie

delta phi(4)=delta phi(2) (II)delta phi (4) = delta phi (2) (II)

Hieraus ergibt sich für Zahnrad 1:This results for gear 1 :

alpha ist deshalb abzuziehen, weil während der Verstellung Zahnrad 2 auf Zahnrad 1 abrollt und diese Bewegung der eigentlichen Verstellbewegung entgegengesetzt verläuft. Einsetzen von (I) und (II) in (III) ergibt:Alpha should be deducted because gear 2 rolls on gear 1 during the adjustment and this movement is opposite to the actual adjustment movement. Substituting (I) and (II) in (III) gives:

Zahnzahl 2, 3 = n
Zahnzahl 1, 4 = m Number of teeth 2, 3 = n
Number of teeth 1, 4 = m

in (IV) eingesetzt, ergibt:inserted in (IV) gives:

Wird die Verstellung des Hebels P nun bei laufendem Motor vorgenommen, so ergibt sich eine entsprechende Verschiebung des Ventilöffnungs- bzw. Schließpunktes gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Zustand; jeweils in Grad Kurbelwellenwinkel. Diese Verschiebung kann je nach momentaner Motordrehzahl stufenlos eingestellt werden. Sie ist direkt proportional zum Winkel alpha, um den der Hebel P gedreht wird. If the adjustment of the lever P is now carried out with the engine running, there is a corresponding displacement of the valve opening or closing point compared to the original state; each in degrees crankshaft angle. This shift can be set continuously depending on the current engine speed. It is directly proportional to the angle alpha through which the lever P is turned.

Durch Unabhängiges Verstellen der Einlaßnockenwelle in Richtung "früh" und gleichzeitiges Verstellen der Auslaßnockenwelle in Richtung "spät", bei steigender Drehzahl, ergibt sich:By independently adjusting the intake camshaft towards "early" and at the same time adjusting the Exhaust camshaft in the "late" direction, with increasing Speed, results:

  • - geringe Drehzahl kleine Ventilüberschneidung- low speed small valve overlap
  • - hohe Drehzahl große Ventilüberschneidung- high speed large valve overlap

Die kleine Ventilüberschneidung im niedrigen Drehzahlbereich bewirkt verringerte Spülverluste, hieraus resultierend verminderter Brennstoffverbrauch und weniger Schadstoffemissionen. Das Drehmoment steigt infolge besserer Kraftstoffausnutzung.The small valve overlap in the low speed range causes reduced flushing losses, resulting from this reduced fuel consumption and less Pollutant emissions. The torque increases as a result better fuel economy.

Bei hohen Drehzahlen wird über das Verstellgetriebe sukzessive die Ventilüberschneidung erhöht, was den Gaswechsel begünstigt und Drehmoment und Spitzenleistung erhöht. Ursache für diesen Umstand ist die bekannte veränderte Gasdynamik in diesem Bereich, in welchem die Gaswechsel im Wesentlichen als Schwingungsvorgänge zu verstehen sind.At high speeds, the adjustment gear successively increases the valve overlap, which the Gas change favors and torque and peak performance elevated. The reason for this is known changed gas dynamics in this area, in which the gas exchange essentially as Vibration processes are to be understood.

Es ergibt sich insbesondere für höchste Drehzahlen die Möglichkeit, eine weit höhere Ventilüberschneidung einzustellen als bisher selbst in Rennmotoren machbar, und mit Hilfe einer besonders gestalteten Resonanzauspuffanlage eine bereits in den Auspuff gelangte Frischgasmenge wieder in den Zylinder zurückzuschieben. Auf diese Weise können beträchtliche Überladungen erreicht werden, vergleichbar den modernen Hochleistungszweitaktern in Rennmotorrädern.It results in particular for the highest speeds the possibility of a much higher valve overlap to be adjusted even in racing engines feasible, and with the help of a specially designed Resonance exhaust system one already in the exhaust push the fresh gas quantity back into the cylinder. This way, considerable Overloads are achieved, comparable to modern ones High performance two-stroke engines in racing motorcycles.

Das nutzbare Drehzahlband eines Viertaktmotors läßt sich auf die vorbeschriebene Art und Weise der variablen Ventilüberschneidung beträchtlich erhöhen. Wirtschaftlichkeit und Abgasqualität im Teillastbereich werden, verbessert, die erreichbare Spitzenleistung steigt. The usable speed range of a four-stroke engine can be in the manner described above and Way of variable valve overlap considerably increase. Economy and exhaust gas quality in the partial load range be improved, the achievable peak performance increases.  

Da in der Kinematik des Getriebes keine starken Beschleunigungen bzw. Verzögerungen auftreten, ist dem Einsatz keine Drehzahlgrenze gesetzt, die niedriger als z. B. die der Kolben oder des Kurbeltriebs ist.Since no strong in the kinematics of the transmission Accelerations or decelerations occur Use no speed limit, the lower as z. B. which is the piston or the crank mechanism.

Die Verstellung des Hebels P kann automatisch je nach Drehzahl, über Hydraulik, Pneumatik, Elektromotor, oder Fliehkraftversteller erfolgen.The lever P can be adjusted automatically depending on the speed, via hydraulic, pneumatic, electric motor or centrifugal adjuster.

Claims (5)

1. Nockengesteuerte Brennkraftmaschine mit je einer Einlaßnockenwelle und einer Auslaßnockenwelle; mit Antrieb derselben über ein Zwischengetriebe dergestalt, daß die Öffnungs- und Schließpunkte der Ventile in bezug auf Kolbenstellung beliebig verschoben werden können.
Das Zwischengetriebe besteht aus zwei gleichen Zahnrädern mit n Zähnen und Zwei ebenfalls gleichen Zahnrädern mit m Zähnen, wobei n und m voneinander verschiedene, natürliche Zahlen sind.
Ein n-zähniges und ein m-zähniges Rad sind durch eine starre Achse miteinander verbunden und in einem Hebel drehbar gelagert. Ein weiteres Zahnrad ist dergestalt in demselben Hebel gelagert, daß es mit einem der beiden mit starrer Achse verbundenen Zahnrädern in Eingriff steht. Die beiden ineinander­ greifenden Zahnräder haben unterschiedliche Zahnzahlen (= eines mit m Zähnen und eines mit n Zähnen).
Das vierte Zahnrad ist an der Nockenwelle befestigt, derart, daß seine Achse fluchtend liegt mit der Achse desjenigen Zahnrades, welches in Eingriff steht mit einem der beiden mit einer starren Achse verbundenen Zahnräder. Phasenverschiebung der Kurbelwellenbewegung zur Nockenwellenbewegung durch Drehen des Lagerhebels, wobei der Drehpunkt in der Mittelachse des Nockenwellenzahnrades liegt Drehung des Lagerhebels durch Hydraulikkolben gemäß Stand der Technik.1. Cam-controlled internal combustion engine, each with an intake camshaft and an exhaust camshaft; with the same drive via an intermediate gear such that the opening and closing points of the valves can be shifted in relation to the piston position as desired.
The intermediate gear consists of two identical gears with n teeth and two identical gears with m teeth, where n and m are different, natural numbers.
An n- toothed and an m- toothed wheel are connected to each other by a rigid axle and rotatably mounted in a lever. Another gear is mounted in the same lever in such a way that it engages with one of the two gears connected with a rigid axle. The two intermeshing gears have different numbers of teeth (= one with m teeth and one with n teeth).
The fourth gear is attached to the camshaft in such a way that its axis is aligned with the axis of the gear which is in engagement with one of the two gears connected to a rigid axle. Phase shift of the crankshaft movement to the camshaft movement by rotating the bearing lever, the fulcrum being in the central axis of the camshaft gearwheel rotation of the bearing lever by hydraulic pistons according to the prior art. 2. Ausführung wie unter 1.) dargestellt, jedoch Antrieb über Pneumatikkolben gemäß Stand der Technik.2. Version as shown under 1.), but drive via Pneumatic piston according to the state of the art. 3. Ausführung wie unter 1.) dargestellt, jedoch Antrieb über Elektromotor mit Schneckengetriebe oder sonstigem Getriebe gemäß Stand der Technik. 3. Version as shown under 1.), but drive via Electric motor with worm gear or other gear according to the state of the art.   4. Ausführung wie unter 1.) dargestellt, jedoch Antrieb über elektromagnetische Betätigung gemäß Stand der Technik.4. Version as shown under 1.), but drive via Electromagnetic actuation according to the prior art. 5. Ausführung wie unter 1.) dargestellt, jedoch Antrieb über mechanischen Fliehkraftversteller gemäß Stand der Technik.5. Version as shown under 1.), but drive via mechanical centrifugal adjuster according to the prior art.
DE3842251A 1988-12-15 1988-12-15 Variable valve overlap for four-stroke engines by means of intermediate gearing with adjustment Withdrawn DE3842251A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3842251A DE3842251A1 (en) 1988-12-15 1988-12-15 Variable valve overlap for four-stroke engines by means of intermediate gearing with adjustment

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3842251A DE3842251A1 (en) 1988-12-15 1988-12-15 Variable valve overlap for four-stroke engines by means of intermediate gearing with adjustment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3842251A1 true DE3842251A1 (en) 1990-06-21

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DE3842251A Withdrawn DE3842251A1 (en) 1988-12-15 1988-12-15 Variable valve overlap for four-stroke engines by means of intermediate gearing with adjustment

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013122921A1 (en) * 2012-02-14 2013-08-22 Eaton Corporation Camshaft phasing device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013122921A1 (en) * 2012-02-14 2013-08-22 Eaton Corporation Camshaft phasing device
US8689750B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2014-04-08 Eaton Corporation Camshaft phasing device
CN104126059A (en) * 2012-02-14 2014-10-29 伊顿公司 Camshaft phase adjustment device

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