DE3234319A1 - Automatic door closer - Google Patents

Abstract

The door closer is equipped with a closer shaft loaded in the closing direction by a spring arrangement. This closer shaft guides the displaceable piston of a hydraulic piston/cylinder unit serving for damping purposes. The pressure space of the piston/cylinder unit is connected to its pressureless space on the one hand via a return channel having a throttle device and on the other hand via a non-return valve opening towards the pressure space. In order, during the door-opening movement, to cancel the force of the spring arrangement acting in the closing direction, between the piston and the spring arrangement is inserted a self-movable supporting member which can be driven in a controlled manner by external energy with the effect of a spring prestress as a function of the door actuation.

Description

Password: closing spring tensioning device "

Automatic door closer The invention relates to an automatic door closer Door closer with a closer shaft loaded in the closing direction by a spring arrangement, the hydraulic piston-cylinder unit serving the sliding piston of a damping purpose leads whose pressure chamber with the unpressurized chamber on the one hand via a throttle device having return channel and on the other hand via an opening towards the pressure chamber Check valve is connected.

The purpose of door closers is to normally close door leaves because they can only perform their intended protective functions when closed, such as fire protection, radiation protection, noise protection, burglary protection and protect the intimate sphere.

There are usually hydraulic door closers on such doors Damping provided, which have a spring arrangement, with the help of which during manual opening is the one required for the automatic closing of the door leaf Energy stored and closed after the door has been opened of the door leaf is used. The automatic door closing movement is in the Usually dampened by a hydraulic throttle system and thus offers great comfort of reliability and Safety.

The door closers that correspond to today's standard are now available a sophisticated high technology, which the function of the safe closing of the Door leaf includes and at the same time also through the hydraulic damping systems ensures harmlessness and largely noiselessness during the closing process. Door closers with hydraulic damping are standardized and - as far as they are Meet the quality requirements of the standards and goods guidelines - constantly quality-monitored.

Although the well-known door closers are of a high technical standard correspond, however, they all have the common disadvantage that the energy required for the closing movement of the door leaf initially from the doorman during the opening movement of the door leaf in addition to its opening resistance is to be raised.

This disadvantage is particularly important with large and heavy ones Noticeable doors that need to be closed accordingly. and in particular when they are committed e.g. by children or older, weaker people. Sometimes it is not possible for this group of people to do this without outside help Door open.

In order to alleviate this well-known deficiency, the industry offers Door closers with locking devices, such as those from DE-OS 25 41 790 have become known. In this known door closer, the door leaf from a certain opening angle determined by the return flow opening in the piston is closed by a needle penetrating this opening. Except this through the needle closable return flow opening in the piston has this known door closer a backflow channel provided with a throttle device, which passes through a electromagnetic assisted hold valve can be opened or closed. If this second The return flow channel is closed by the electromagnetic valve, the remains Door leaf when the return flow line located in the piston of the door closer is also closed by the needle, are in its open position. First if the electromagnetic holding valve is opened in the event of danger, the closing spring is able to move the piston and thus also the door leaf into the closed position. These doors must therefore be constantly monitored in order to ensure that a certain Alarm criterion, such as fire, to release the locking device immediately in order to avoid the To return the door closer the required property for self-closing of the door leaf.

In another, from DE-OS 27 51 589 known.

The disadvantage of the door closer is the difficult opening movement of the Door leaf is usually bypassed by the saved during the first opening process Closing energy is held. This so-called free swing door closer is the closing spring is blocked in its preloaded position by a second piston between the piston engaged with the closer shaft and the spring assembly is switched. The return flow line passing through the second piston can also closed by an electromagnetic switching valve or opened in the event of danger will. In the normal state, as a result of the closed return line, the pressure medium can from the piston, which is in engagement with the closer shaft, into the pressure chamber do not flow off, see that the piston, which is motion-connected to the closer shaft, has no resistance Can be pushed back and forth in the pressure chamber, .SO that the one with the closer shaft coupled door leaves can also be easily opened or closed manually. Apart from the fact that the door, if it is not closed manually by the pedestrian, in their open position remains, the door closers must this Door leaves constantly with monitoring devices, such as smoke monitors or fire alarms, be coupled so that the door leaf closes automatically in the event of danger.

However, such door closers have the disadvantage that either the door leaf is constantly open or the door leaf is always consciously must be closed, which in most cases certainly does not occur because of the Today's modern people are generally already used to the self-closing doors is.

In addition, there are of course also door machines through which automatically open the door leaves in front of the cup and also after inspection automatically closed again. However, these devices are both technical With regard to costs and costs, they are so expensive that they are no longer under the genus of the above door closers fall.

The object of the present invention is to provide a door closer to create the type mentioned at any time and after each door opening brings about a self-closing of the door leaf and yet without significant effort enables effortless opening of the door leaf.

This object is achieved in that between the Piston and the spring arrangement is connected to a self-moving support member that by external energy in the sense of a spring preload depending on the door actuation can be driven in a controlled manner. As a result, the walker needs to have door closers of this type equipped door leaves do not use any force for the preload of the spring arrangement, so that the door opening process is made much easier. The one when the door is opened required energy to tension the closing spring by external energy applied, whereby the spring assembly is automatically biased. After finished When the door is opened, the spring arrangement releases the stored energy automatically Door closing movement.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is achieved by the support member is designed as a threaded nut acted upon by the spring arrangement is guided non-rotatably in the cylinder housing and a movement thread having spindle is penetrated, which engages through the spring arrangement and rotatable in the door closer housing, but axially immovable, and via a a transmission having a brake is coupled to an electric motor. Through the Using a moving thread it is possible that after energy storage in the spring arrangement by releasing the transmission brake, the spring arrangement the support member and thus also the piston acted upon by it, with a hydraulic damping effect pushes back, so that the door leaf is returned to its closed position in a known manner can be.

Instead of an electromechanical preload, the spring arrangement is it is also conceivable according to a further embodiment of the invention that the support member designed as a thrust washer acted upon by the spring arrangement, which is equipped with a, the spring arrangement penetrating and longitudinally displaceable in the door closer housing guided piston rod is connected with a clamping piston in one of the main cylinder separate extension cylinder engages, which is in a pump from an electric motor controlled operated Druckmittelkrejsiauf is switched. To the spring assembly To be able to pre-tension the door opening movement ahead of time is after a advantageous embodiment of the invention, the movement of the support member of a controlled by the electronic control logic triggered by the mole actuation. Through this it is possible that already for example when you press the door handle a Door contact is triggered, which activates the control logic in the sense that the spring preload is already initiated for a certain part of the piston stroke.

Zür maintaining this leading spring preload movement and also for the impulse emission for the purpose of releasing the closing energy is after another Design feature of the invention the pressure chamber in front of the piston by a negative pressure Operable moving coil system for generating control pulses for the electronic Assigned to control logic.

The invention is shown in exemplary embodiments in the drawing, for example and is explained in more detail below. They show: FIG. 1 the inventive Door closer in longitudinal section with the indicated throttle channel lying in another plane and a flanged, schematically shown motor-gear unit for a Pull spindle drive, Fig. 2 with the further embodiment of a door closer an extension cylinder with an integrated motor pump.

The door closers shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have a elongated, cuboid housing 10, through which a cylindrical Bore 11 extends, which are closed on both sides with plugs to be explained later is. Two mutually extend transversely through the housing 10 in a known manner aligned stepped bores, not shown, the bearing inserts with sealing rings record, in which the closer shaft 12 is rotatably guided. In her middle In the length range, the closer shaft has a pinion 13. Both end parts of the Closer shaft 12 are for non-rotatably receiving a not shown Linkage arms to establish a connection between the door frame and the door leaf for example, the attachment of squares prepared.

In the cylinder bore 11, a piston 14 is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable, that of a first piston head 15, a second piston head 16 and one in between arranged web 17 consists. This web 17 is designed as a rack, which meshes with the pinion 13 of the closer shaft 12. Rotational movements of the closer shaft 12 therefore cause longitudinal movements of the piston 14 and vice versa. Im against the cylindrical Bore 11 sealed piston head 15 is a check valve 18 is arranged, the opens to the left of the piston head 15 pressure chamber. Except for the check valve 18, a spring-loaded pressure relief valve 19 is arranged in the piston head 15, which then opens when an overpressure arises in the pressure chamber 20 to the left of the piston head 15, how it could, for example, set itself when the door leaf is pulled shut forcibly.

In the housing 10 extends parallel to the cylinder bore 11 a Stepped bore 21, in the left-end one with a formed by a step Seat of interacting throttle cone to form a throttle valve 22 is screwed in is. This throttle valve has a throttle cone 23, the restriction of the flow can protrude into the stepped part of the stepped bore 21.

To the left of the throttle cone 23 open into the throttle valve 22 below Leaving an annular space receiving stepped bore 21 two transverse bores 24 and 25 a connected to the cylinder bore 11. From the stepped bore 21 continues to the area of the cylinder bore occupied by the web of the piston 14 11 a transverse bore 26 which cannot be covered by the piston head 15 either.

The left-hand end area of the door closer housing 10 is by a plug 27 screwed into the cylinder bore 11 with the aid a sealing ring closed. This plug 27 has a membrane to the pressure chamber 20 covered chamber 28, into which a mushroom-shaped 'ram 29 of the spring-loaded core bolt 30 of a moving coil system, which dips into a toroidal coil 31 32 protrudes.

Adjacent to the piston head 16 of the piston 14 is in the cylinder bore 11 a support member 33 is arranged that of a spring assembly 34 in the sense of a Displacement of the piston 17 to the left - i.e. in the closing direction of the door leaf - acted upon is. The spring arrangement 34 functioning as a compression closing spring is on at the other end a plug 35 sealing the housing 10 tightly. In the case of Fig. 1 embodiment, the support member 33 consists of a threaded nut, which protrudes with a nose 37 into a longitudinal groove 38 in the cylinder bore 11. In order to the threaded nut 36 is longitudinally displaceable, but non-rotatable in the door closer housing 10 arranged. The threaded nut 36 engages over a rotatable sealed in the plug 35, but axially immovably mounted, a movement thread having spindle 39, which has a gear stage 41 and a reduction gear having a brake 42 may be driven by an electric motor.

Between the power grid and the electric motor 43 is an electronic Control logic 44 switched, on the one hand from the moving coil system 32 and on the other hand can be controlled by a door contact 45. This door contact 45 may be advantageous by the latch of the door leaf, which cooperates with the strike plate of the door frame - i.e.

operated by the door handle.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the support member consists 33 from a thrust washer guided axially displaceably in the cylinder bore 11 46 that with one penetrating the spring arrangement 34 in the longitudinal direction Piston rod 47 is firmly connected. The piston rod also penetrates the sealing plug 35, which is inserted into an extension cylinder 48 that adjoins the main cylinder 11 continues. In this extension cylinder 48 is a with the piston rod 47 connected clamping piston 49. This extension cylinder shown schematically also houses one operated by an electric motor 43 in its housing part Pump 50 and a control valve 51. In the extension cylinder 48 open in front of and behind the piston, taking into account the entire piston stroke, channels 52 and 53, between which the pump 50 is connected. Parallel to the pump 50 is between the channels 52 and 53 are connected to a control valve 51 through which the pressure medium flow can only flow via the pump 50 when the control valve is closed, while when it is open Control valve, the pressure medium via the parallel channel directly from the cylinder chamber the tensioning piston 49 flow back into its rear cylinder space, bypassing the pump can.

To describe the functioning of the door closer according to the invention assumed that the door leaf is closed. Will now over the lock latch the door contact 45 is actuated, the control logic is activated by the triggered pulse 44 activated so that the motor 43 is turned on and either in the case of Embodiment according to FIG. 1 via the gear 42 and the spindle 39 or in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 2 via the pump 50 and the tensioning piston 49 - the support member 33 moves to the right against the force of the spring assembly 34 will.

The displacement of the support member 33 is determined by the control logic set engine running time determined, which may be set so that the support member 33 rushed ahead by an amount corresponding to a door opening angle at time is. If the door leaf is actually opened, the piston 14 is moved, whereby in the pressure chamber 20 a negative pressure arises, which is shown schematically by the illustrated moving coil system 32 in an electrical ImpuSs for the control logic 44 is converted. The motor 43 then receives the command, the spring assembly 34 further vc:> tension rz, always according to the. Door leaf movement advanced amount that was set with the door closed. If now the door is opened more quickly, a corresponding effect occurs in front of the piston in the pressure chamber greater negative pressure and the measured value then changed by the moving coil system 32 is converted by the control logic 44 into a command to the motor 43 "rotate faster". The moment the door leaf finishes its opening movement, it rises he negative pressure in the pressure chamber in front of the piston head 15 to the normal value, whereby the measured value change of the moving coil system from the control logic to the motor command "stop" is converted. In the embodiment shown in FIG the brake in the transmission 42 is applied immediately when the engine is stopped and stops thus the threaded nut 36 is fixed in the set position. In the one shown in FIG In the exemplary embodiment, the pump 50 does not convey any pressure medium after the motor 43 has come to a standstill more, so that the set volume state in front of and behind the tensioning piston 49 is maintained remains and this thus reached via the piston rod 47 the pressure disk 46 in the Position against the closing force of the spring assembly 34 holds.

After a short, preselected waiting time, the control logic is now available 44 the command "unload spring" and in the embodiment shown in ~ Fig. 1 opens the brake of the transmission 43, while in the embodiment shown in FIG the control valve 51 is reversed in such a way that the pressure medium from the cylinder chamber in front of the tensioning piston 49 via the channel 53 into the channel 52 and from there into the Cylinder space behind the tensioning piston 49 can get. So is in both cases the spring assembly 34 is able to move the support member 33 forward to push, whereby the piston 14 from the support member in the direction of the front, the plunger coil system 32 comprehensive cylinder end is pushed. This is about the rack 17 rotates the closer shaft 12 in the closing direction, so that the door leaf is moved in the closed position.

The door closing movement is the same as with any conventional door closer hydraulic damped by the throttle valve 22 engaging in the channels 26, 21, 24, 25; As soon as the door leaf is completely closed and the lock latch into the If the strike plate falls, the door contact 45 is actuated again in the "closed" direction and the electric motor 43 again receives its first command to operate the support member 33 to move in its forward stroke corresponding to a preselected door opening angle.

Should no door open after the first door handle operation take place, the control logic 44 reacts in the same way as when the door opening movement has ended and after the predetermined time it gives the electric motor 43 or the brake of the transmission 42 or the control valve 51 the command "unload spring", so that the full closing force acts again on the piston 14 and is therefore also present on the door leaf.

In the event of a power failure, of course, the electric motor and also the control logic ineffective, which means that the spring arrangement 34 remains unaffected, so that by the spring arrangement that the support member 33 rests constantly on the piston 14 and this constantly applied in the closing direction. In this situation, of course, is always with Opening the door leaf also pretension the spring arrangement again and again. From it it follows that the door closer is designed in such a way that the security concept Has priority and self-closing of the door leaf if the external energy fails for example is ensured in the form of electricity.

As already mentioned, the embodiments shown give the invention only for example again, which is by no means limited to that alone. There are rather, various changes and other configurations of the invention are still possible. For example, it is conceivable that the current representing the external energy also can be replaced by other known forms of energy. It should also be pointed out that that the above-described moving coil system 32 is only given as an example and can be replaced by other, known systems that are capable of the movement of the piston in information for the control logic 44, which is also not mandatory must be electrical.

Keyword: "Closing spring tensioning device" List of Reference Numbers 10 Housing 11 Bore 12 Closer shaft 13 Pinion 14 Piston 15 Piston head 16 Piston head 17 Bar / rack 18 Check valve 19 Pressure relief valve 20 Pressure chamber 21 Stepped bore 22 Throttle valve 23 Throttle cone 24 Cross hole 25 Cross hole 26 Cross hole 27 Plug 28 Chamber 29 Plunger 30 Core Bolt 31 Annular Coil 32 Moving Coil System 33 Supporting Member 34 Spring arrangement 35 Plug 36 Threaded nut 37 Lug 38 Longitudinal groove 39 Spindle 40 Movement thread 41 Gear stage 42 Gear 43 Electric motor 44 Control logic 45 Door contact 46 Pressure disc 47 Piston rod 48 Extension cylinder 49 Clamping piston 50 Pump 51 Control valve 52 channel 53 channel Blank page

Claims (5)

Password: 11 spring tensioning device "Claims: 1.) Automatic Door closer with a closer shaft loaded in the closing direction by a spring arrangement, the hydraulic piston-cylinder unit serving the sliding piston of a damping purpose leads whose pressure chamber with the unpressurized chamber on the one hand via a throttle device having return channel and on the other hand via an opening towards the pressure chamber Check valve is connected, d a d u r c h marked that between the piston (14) and the spring arrangement (34) connected a self-moving support member (33) is that by external energy in the sense of a spring preload as a function of the door actuation can be driven in a controlled manner. 2.) Door closer according to claim 1, characterized in that the Support member (33) as a threaded nut (36) acted on by the spring arrangement (34) is formed, the non-rotatably guided in the cylinder housing (10) and from a Moving thread (40) showing spindle (39) is permeated which engages through the spring arrangement (34) and rotates in the door lock housing (10), but is axially immovable and via a gear having a brake (42) is coupled to an electric motor (43). 3.) Door closer according to claim 1, characterized in that the Support member (33) as a pressure disc (46) acted upon by the spring arrangement (34) is formed with a spring arrangement (34) penetrating and in the door closer housing (10) longitudinally displaceable guided piston rod 147) is connected, which is connected to a Clamping piston (49) in an extension cylinder (48) separated from the main cylinder (11) engages, which is controlled by an electric motor (43) via a pump (50) operated pressure medium flow is switched. 4.) Door closer according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement of the support member (33) from one through the Door actuation triggered, electronic control logic (44) is controlled. 5.) Door closer according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure chamber (20) in front of the piston (14) is a vacuum actuatable moving coil system (32) for generating control pulses for the electronic Control logic (44) is assigned.