DE2102380A1 - Multi-storey building - Google Patents

Description

The invention is generally viewed at äa · ^ / BAuweeen and particularly concerns multi-storey residential buildings, böi. whose Creation of prefabricated bar units are used

Z v / ar is an extensive literature "for ^Verfü-: gung, slide with the benefits of using pre-made whole Käume enclosing boxes or unit concerned and th other new techniques," .B. Since the use of pillars cast on the building site or post-tensioned pre-stressed columns have been used as a building block, the method of using building units has apparently not yet been generally introduced in the field of building construction, and infoXgedetaeii iat dl · ··· Process has not yet been developed so far that all "its advantages are" in use.

De the V.irtechaftlicbkeit for Einführm * neuarticen Bauverfuhren is "authoritative, h t ·· FCIE Jet · * d" n ^r appears * that the Mnsperungfcn, the calibration bie Jetst> ·! the use of prefabricated iL & umeinhCiiten ersielon do not allow »to be accepted. Therefore, it can prove to be necessary

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sen to create novel structural units that simultaneously perform several tasks so that they enable the Further cheaper the direction of buildings.

When using pre-advanced luiura units to erect multi-storey buildings, certain difficulties arise. In the methods used up to now, it is customary to erect multi-storey buildings in the Vieise by stacking the Bcu or Kiaiia units on top of one another. Here it is necessary that each structural unit in a vertical seal has sufficient strength so that it can tear the weight of all structural units arranged above it. If the building units are of the same construction in order to facilitate their mass production, they must either be made so heavy that the requirements for the strength of the lower floors are met, so that building materials are wasted in the case of the upper floors, or one must reduce the strength of the Limiting building units, which, however, limits the building's height. If, on the other hand, nan uses clay building units of different construction for the upper and lower floors , this is at the expense of some of the advantages of the k. » Mustard location, and also the B & ucunits in larger piece soles must be kept on imgß * .

know these tichwicrigkoites should be avoided, It is necessary to have separate vertical pillars that reflect the weight of the structural units of the upper Pick up bullets. Here you can “ine” on known Provide a well-designed frame or skeleton construction, where vertical columns are used, which go through horizontal tiagor and tension members connected to each other. be, but the establishment of a solohon is wicked " construction costly and side bond. ka was ready Beaten on goal - s.B. in the French patent

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1 244 983 - units are to be used, which insofar as second task than her. Form casting molds, where di < Pillars are made of concrete, which is in the interstices "If not the entire lie.um" is poured between building units separated by horizontal gaps adjacent building units are poured with concrete, it is also possible to hardly use the remaining one. to lay cables of all kinds, which lead to the different parts of the building. While this is a convenient procedure, it is this method is not so well developed that it achieves all the conceivable advantages of using Building units enables; in particular, me.n needs the Applying this procedure is still a full one Skeleton construction.

In all construction projects results regardless of whether units are used or not, always hasten addiction _s that the interiors are contaminated when they are entered by workers who have the task to carry out interior fittings and Fertigstellunßsarbeiten and wires for electricity To connect water, sewage and fuel. Here it cannot be avoided that Geheutζ is carried into the interior of the new building, so that the building must be thoroughly cleaned before it can be occupied. This cannot be avoided if the interiors are produced at the construction site; however, even when using prefabricated room units, it is necessary with the methods used bie jetrfc to enter the chewing units so that the mentioned connections can be made.

The invention now makes it possible in use prefabricated Rtumeinheit compared to known Procedure can achieve significantly greater benefits * The discovery stipulates that the lir.unities not to me

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serve to close off the interior from the outside and at the same time to form l'orms or bells for pouring pillars from concrete, but that the structural units at the same time form horizontal members or girders of the core or skeleton structure of the building. In order to accomplish these tasks, the floor units are connected at their ends to the vertical columns, and they have sufficient strength in relation to their longitudinal axis so that they hold the baulon firmly in place. In addition, the xvaumeinheit own in Kichtung; Their horizontal transverse axes have sufficient strength ^so that they can act as tension members which connect the vertical columns to one another in a second horizontal direction.

According to a further feature of the invention, the Laumeinhoiten in their prefabrication inside completely completed and provided with all necessary internal facilities and connection lines. After that, the Doors and windows of the Keumeinhtiten tightly closed, like that that no one can enter the iy units after they are brought to the construction site. Furthermore, a special connection chamber is provided for the lines mentioned, which is accessible from the outside of the chewing unit. All lines leading to the interior of a scarring unit end in this chamber, which is entered by workers at the construction site that make the connections mentioned without entering the actual Viohnraun su Bussen. So a vertical shaft is created through which risers can extend inside the building. echlußkamaer old an upper and a lower hatch provided, and the chambers and hatches of each vertical row of masticatory units are in vertical alignment with one another.

The invention and advantageous details of the invention are illustrated in the following drawings explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments.

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1 is a perspective, partially broken away illustration of a partially drawn multi-storey building according to the invention.

2 shows in a front view a single prefabricated iiouin unit of the at the Gt-Buude after l'ig. 1 type used «

! 'ig. 3 shows a part of the in a larger tab Ground plan of the building after Pig. 1 and reveals on what way partitions are used to make a part to divide dee iteums between neighboring Iiaumcinhciten in such a way, that it forms a formwork that can be used, around the vertical. To produce paws.

l'ig. 4 shows a partial perspective view laterally protruding pumice, which is attached to the Btton cast columns are designed to support the Kuum units immediately above, as well as the free ones Spaces in this arrangement between the room units are available, which are supported vertically by the ledges.

iig. 5 is a vertical part cut through the building after Pig. 1, which runs across the building units and the tapered walls of the chewing unit and the part the columns reveals which are in place between the neighboring walls of ki um units (, cgocsen which are separated by an abatend

Fig. 6 is a partial vertical section of the same Building, which runs in the longitudinal direction of the Ktumeinheit and shows that the entire cross-section of the successive Läulencile from floor to floor decreases as the building is erected.

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7 iot cine partially pulled apart perspective l'cild representation, which for the sake of clarity partially wefge-broken is drawn and two cantilever girders as well reveal an outer structure which is connected to the cantilever girders in the building according to FIG.

l'ig. 8 shows in a perspective partial representation another embodiment of an inventive concept Building and reveals cantilever girders that form fixed components of the scarcely units and that support the outer walls form a common corridor for the various apartments or pinnacle lights in the building.

! • ic · 9 shows in an exploded perspective, partly broken representation three separate room units which work together in such a way that they for buildings according to Jf'iL · 1 to 8 an elevator shaft, one make inner hall and a staircase ht.ua.

FIG. 10 shows, in a partially drawn perspective illustration, diaphragm connection chamber and further features of one of the xuaiaeinhoites, which are shown in FIG the buildings according to FIGS. 1 to 9 are used.

11 is a further perspective illustration of the Kfcuofcineinheit according to I ¹ Ig. 10, which shows the arrangement of the electrical lines on the top of the Knumeinheit, which extend backwards to the connection chamber.

Fig. 12 is a partial perspective view of a Execution form of an end connection «between an upper one and a lower luujo unit that serves to hold the edges of the free spaces between HR sub-units arranged vertically one above the other.

8AD

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15 is a partial perspective ^ clrochen drawn we Teildaretellv.pg a partition wall for U _n tertoilen of erv.-ühntcn free tu v.ms into several chambers which are each nohnungtn BUtfcorduöt.

Fit;. 14 ^ Kd 15 each show in perspective a part of further execution of the buildings according to F ± £. 1 "to 15 can be used in construction; cn ₄ which are εο designed _v that a! Aponnunir can be added later on

16 shows a toilet similar in perspective , at dae a Kro ^ trägvi- ^ zuin support one outer gallery angct.OBeen eats.

17 shows an outer reversible plate in perspective for use; in the case of a front wall, one of the convicted ge building.

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of parts two \ <r.ndplates after tie · 1? » those at the bciten dor Hardly any units are attached and between them and the Hardly a unit of demarcation is a hay that is filled with concrete can be.

19 inclines, in perspective, the T-shaped upper ends of the partition walls, which serve to form on the upper ends of each outer surface cast in concrete.

Figure 20 is a perspective view of the doors used in pre-linked idioms of different units.

In all ο η 1-iguren are similar elements respectively denoted by the same number.

A multi-storey front building still under construction includes several one of its prefabricated units 12, which

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which are arranged vertically one above the other and horizontally next to one another, as shown in FIG. 1. Each of the l \ fiumeinheiten 12 has the Ik uptauffcjabe, an interior 14-ab ^ ugrenzen "In addition, the Ivaumeinhciten meet several more AUfgfcbcn _s for a mijglichst advantageous äubnutzung the basic idea of using lif: umeinheiten important sindj in other words, the The vertical units form the horizontal girders, which extend in the direction of the longitudinal axes of the central units across the width of the building and work together with upright supporting pillars 16 to form a rigid rectangular building structure. Such columns and such a frame construction are required in multi-storey buildings

The mentioned girders do not have the usual double-T-shaped cross-section, as is provided in building structures of known type. The cleaning units 12 are practically large hollow box girders in which the "flanges" are formed by a top plate 18 and a bottom plate 22, while the "webs" are formed by two o.ndplattencn 20; the interior space delimited by these four panels forms the living space of a building. Thus, the four panels have a sufficient St & BEAUTY in the longitudinal direction and sufficient elasticity so that the Lt umeinheitcn may be used as carrier effect, the plates are preferably cast in concrete, is dor reinforced, by an embedded into it welded B & ustahlgewebe.

In addition, the box-shaped la umeinheitcn 12 forming the carrier with the vertical L-pillars 16 are attached both linden each with help; one of the various methods described below. If the Paws 16 on the lands of a kiumeinhcit 12 dasu tend to

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To echv / anken horizontally, therefore, their permanent connection with the curved unit together with the inhibiting effect exerted by the liaum unit in the longitudinal direction, that the bells are firmly held in their box and, together with the ueum units, form a solid rectangular frame structure It should be noted here that the four plates 10, 20 and 22 are each reinforced by concrete ribs cast on them $ 2 and 40 or JH ⁴ ; and are stiffened, which in turn are reinforced by bracing rods embedded in & ie, eg the catch 41 shown in FIG.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the box-girder- shaped units 12 fulfill a further task in that they form formwork in which the vertical columns 16 can be poured. In this case, concrete is poured into the area between horizontally adjacent K & uia units separated by a distance. When the concrete sets, it forms a solid member which is suitable to take up the weight of the chewing units 12 arranged above it. As a result, the lower lwium units do not need to support the weight of the iiaum units above. According to the foundation, it is thus possible to construct buildings that are just as high as any other building with a concrete skeleton, whereby similar room units can be used for the production of all floors in the context of façade production.

Be when erecting dea dargsteilten building suerst several cast concrete i'undemente 30 (Fig * 5) in Lrdbodon $ 2 hortcatellt, and with the aid of formwork known type of timber is molded over the .hrdoberflache a construction of these foundations, resulting from the horizontal pumice composed. Next, a first set of prefabricated truck units 12 is placed on the siases 54, the supports for these crooks.

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forming units «In i'iu · 5 there is 12 for each li-umcinht.it only one supporting ledge 34 is shown, but it should be noted that at least four such irish ledges are assigned to each chewing iris which extend along the edges of the Hium unit «· The Kfcumoinhcitcn 12.1 and 12.2 of the first horizontal kcihc are in the width direction of the keua units according to 5 arranged so that a gap remains between them, in which a column section 16 and 1 associated with the first column section 16 and 1 can be cast from concrete. leg The column section 16.1 is poured at the upper end of this SUUIT.nabschnitts in a manner to be explained a üiine or a support head designed for the next floor. On these ledges 34 the boxes 12.5 and 12.4 of the second row also arranged so that A horizontal distance remains between them, so that at the level of the second floor there are pillar sections 16 * 2 Concrete can be poured. Each of these two-tone pillar sections 16.2 is also made in one piece with lateral ones pumsen 34 poured for the third floor, on which then a further Kcihc of Kuim units 12.5 and 12.6 is arranged, between which again oüulenebßchnitte 16.3 to be poured from concrete. This work sequence is continued for further borrowing of kiua units, see B «geväfi 3? the HruBeinhciten 12.7 and 12.8, take precedence; here «earth again column sections 16.4 cast from concrete, and one continues in the manner described until the desired number of τοη goschoases is reached in the building to be erected.

Ee eei notices that the laterally protruding concrete sockets 34 are around the BfcUglieder, through which the weight of the horizontal row of K umeinheit 12 arranged directly above it is absorbed, However, that the weight of these utmacunits as Lt et by the ledges 34 on all below vertically one above the other

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arranged iiäulentibschnitte 16 transmitter, is. Viic known in tegossenen Bctonkonstruktionen type common are as reinforcing l ^i- ie · 5 each bäulenabschnitte 16 and 1 to 16 <.4 us, "with the help of the usual reinforcing bars 56 before concreting so on ^ be oordnet that they to be embedded in don concrete. Usually one huieusraeen a single bar 56 upwards from each individually cast pillar section 16, so that these sections are then embedded in the next fuselage section arranged above in order to connect adjacent construction section sections to one another

towards another ^ rkmal of Lr ^ indung leads au a significant gain, the andprovide BCH, of the walls that 20 of the KcLumeinhciten is wasted without concrete material or mortar c Vtenn concrete into a Sch & lune of considerable height is cast as g here ^ scnifcktJi to To produce the pillar sections 16.1, 16.2, etc., the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the walls 20 of the bar units near the lower end of the formwork is considerably higher than near the upper end of the wall. To counter this pressure with a double end, the walls of the room units become, according to Pig. 3 in their lower sections 2OA formed with a larger ouofe. Such a greater strength would, however, be unnecessary in the upper sections 20B and would lead to a waste of kiateritl; For this reason, the inner walls of the volume units, as shown in FIG. 5, are designed in such a way that they taper n & oh at the top. As a result of this, each of the single, large-diameter pillar sections 16c 1 etc. made of concrete is less thick at its lower end 16A than at its upper end 16B. Thus, the inner walls 20 of the outer units and the column sections 16 are designed to match and taper, which offers the advantage that the units 12 and the columns 16 are firmly connected to one another so that

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they form a lumen-related scole structure. When the columns 16 echo from the weight of the upper Gi are loaded, they are compressed to some extent. As a result, the sewn side surfaces practice Each section of the column downwards has a wedge effect on the adjacent pools of the cross winds, which are inclined to accommodate it cO ous, which contributes to the pillars 16 firmly with the lifaumticheitcn 12 to brace «In addition, the effective Thickness of each column, which is a measure of the operability, by the thickness of the poured concrete of the concerned Column section plus the thickness of the two adjacent ones Side walls 2C given, on which the cast concrete of the column sections I was liable

If, in view of the overall height of the building, it is necessary to ensure that the pillars 16 have a maximum load-bearing capacity, the coils can extend over the entire horizontal length of the iteumcinhoiten 12, that is to say they can dei) the cavity between adjacent crumbling units fill over its entire length o In a residential building with ten storeys, however, a smaller column cross-section is sufficient, and you can save a considerable amount of concrete if the columns 16 only extend over part of the horizontal length of the Huubb between adjacent building units. Un tu reach this, it is in accordance with! • 'ig · 5 constituting most convenient feete Bt.stendteile the building bulkheads 42, which preferably is cheap boards vertically in the krum 44 between the S (iJemanden 20 of two A practical method of supporting the bulkheads 42 made of Hol.s against the hydrostatic pressure of the concrete to be poured consists of placing the bulkheads in contact with two facing vertical tilts 40.1 and 40.; 5. In this way, the sowing

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Hardly 44 divided into sections 44.1 and 44.2 between two neighboring Haumcinhciten * In the first section 44.1 reinforcing bars 36 made of steel are arranged, and then the eo formed formwork bit concrete is filled, among other things to manufacture the pillars 16. The remaining section 44.2 dos Beums between the K.umeinkciten remains free of concrete, so that it forms a vertical shaft that acts as a vertical distribution channel for centrally heated or cooled Air or can be used as a ventilation duct.

According to Fig. 6 it is possible to save more concrete quantities by increasing the width of the column sections 16.1, 6.2, etc., which are arranged one above the other Height of the building is reduced, which is possible in view of the fact that upwards each ßüulcnabschnitt 16 the Weight of a smaller Z; hl has to carry from the floors above. Ken can do this «reducing the width · the Säuion from bottom to top using Kuum units with tilting at the level of each floor are equidistant from each other, achieve by providing thicker bulkheads 42 progressively from bottom to top in order to make each smaller Sections 44.1 of the liauma 44 between neighboring units form a shell for the column section, when the height of the building increases.

During the concreting of each of the column sections 16.1, 16 * 2 etc. * becomes the required Sin «or the support plate J4 at the upper end of the relevant column section in the Poured hay, which is delimited by the cover 18 of two neighboring units 12.1 and 12 * 2, such as shown in Fig. 9; This Hfum is also due to special extensions 24.1 of the horizontal tilting 24 of the Hardly any units as well as through T-shaped head sections 42.1 delimited the upper end of the bulkheads 42, which

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Haura »wipe neighboring horizontal tilts bridge. The bo-formed Tragplattenachalung is something about the Height of the extensions 24.1 and the upper bulkhead wall 42 * 1 filled with rigid concrete material, to prevent overflow, so that the support plate 34 forms the most upwardly protruding link that * the Lest above it.

The üieae or Tra ^ thus prepared plates serve not only to support the arranged directly above prefabricated Kaumeinheilt, but also serves per xwei arranged vertically above one another · K .umeinheiten in a distance from each other to keep, so £ r ?. a gap tntsteht, iiomit eino holds the laterally projecting support plates 34 has a Ki umerinheit 12.1 a lower story and a directly overlying htumoinheit 12.3 in FIG. 5 at a distance apart so that 22 of the upper between the ceiling plate 18 of the lower ϋεurneineinheit and the bottom plate K; umeinheit a horizontally extending gap 50 (l'ig. 6) arises "can serve desu, Beheitungs- conditioning · Air su - * or BelüftuncsBwecken distribute tu and each of the apartments de · building" ueuführen.

Above mohrere different tasks were mentioned, all of which are met by the Keumeiaheiten 12 ι, locate with other V, they form UmMhIIeßoftfe m iBnenraome that brauohen not produced at the site below "ground, they serve to sveokmäfilge ^ else el · öchalunften sam Manufacture of the fc & ulon an · boton, they form the horizontal, resilient supports of a clad construction, they delimit various horizontal spaces $ 0 and serious villains 44.2, and their use facilitates the design of multi-echoed buildings, as they do not have the last mil ·? toum units arranged above that have to carry · also

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The barely units, however, fulfill the further task the columns 16 in a »u the horizontal transverse axes of the Ivi-umeinhciten parallel kichtunc to determine »According to lie · 1, 4- and 8, the top plate 18 of each room unit is provided with external stiffening ribs 52, and the bottom plate 22 each hfcumeinhcit has outer "stiffening ribs 54 · These tilts reinforce the plates of the liaum units in the performance, eo that the plates are connected or BtiU ^ songs form which the ükulen 16 in the horizontal connect crosswise with each other to the by the üäulon 16 and the Iu umeinheit 12 formed skeleton structure the necessary btorrhoit to be borne.

According to Fig. 8, for example, the KiAto unit 12.9 "white columns 16.8 and 16.9" separated by an outer distance in order to prevent these columns from moving horizontally and independently of one another not only be connected to each other in the first horizontal direction by several supports, but they must be connected to you in a second water-oriented direction with the help of several links. The invention enables the architect, completely the use, dispense separate carrier and Vcrbindungeglieder su, since the two c ^e ncnnten aueechlicßlich objects are met by the Kruoeinheiten 12th Thus, according to the principle, a complicated cage construction, which includes the support and connecting links, is completely replaced by a separate unit 12, the preceding one of which is necessary in every case, since cinsblne cages must be delimited.

The embodiment of a building according to the invention described here is an apartment building, that at the level of each storey with an äuficran Qalaria

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is provided, which forms a common jiorridor, to facilitate access to the individual apartments _o The length dee building extends parallel to the transverse axes of the individual Lcumoinheiten 12, and the outer Gclerien 60 gträgern of horizontally projecting Kr be worn 62, extending via the entire length of the building. According to FIG. 6, the upper entrance doors 64 of the various V / Ohnungen are accessible via these outer doors. These doors, like the windows adjacent to them, are formed in hinged bands 69, which consist of i * u.ttill or some other known Jb & ucteoii '* rt and are attached to the otherwise open shutters of the various Keumeinhfciten in such a way that they dog the facade . Forming a building “The Iands are normally built into the units at the manufacturer's works.

F: .g. 7 shows, in a similar way, the cantilever girders 62 separately made of concrete, in which the boules 16 cast from B. clay can be embedded and anchored in the columns by bolts 70 protruding upwards and downwards, one of which can be seen in FIG . Alternatively, the cantilever beams 62 according to FIG. 8 can form fixed upper end parts of the side walls 20 of the surrounding units 12 . In both lalls, the outer gallery 60 is supported by the üragträgera, and it engages in a horizontal direction, as shown in Fig. 7, in a groove 72 that forms aa front land of the base plate 22 of the unit 12 and each section of the gallery 60 2ULcv, andt is. The gallery 60 is made up of sections which are prefabricated from concrete and each include a body panel 74 , to which an outer protective wall 76 is connected.

In a modified embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 , instead of the concrete at the B; ustelle cast ßiiulon 16 prefabricated

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Befcon column sections 16Γ or 16Q are used, or according to Jig «16, prefabricated functional column sections 16Ki are used on the cantilevered sections 198 ancef, open; the ringing after Fi &. 16 who the. instead of the pillars 16 and the cardboard support 62 described in the examples from 7 and 8. Such -vorgefertigten columns and l'räger are common in the construction industry and eie expectant η normally manufactured in lengths, each match a üecchoß; These "external girders" are then connected to one another in such a way that they form a great column construction which extends over the full height of the building; This is generally provided, while the upper hands of the bulge sections have openings 203 for receiving adjacent reinforcement bars; the column sections are subsequently clamped together using known methods. To make this possible, the prefabricated column sections 16P, 16 <i, and 16R are centrally arranged Lining pipes 200 are provided, through which rods 2C2, which can be subsequently adjusted, extend, which are provided with a thread at their ends and at the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated building sections A lower section is opened, and then the reinforcement that is facing downwards is put in place At the top 201 of the upper column section, inserted into this opening. The lower end of the clamping rod 202 is then connected to the upper end of the clamping rod 202 of the column section arranged directly below with the aid of a threaded connection. Uird then the upper end of üpannstabee using a iL.pcn.nvcrrichtung upward G ^{€ Z} OEcn and Bchließlich on Oberc: i Lnde the Bäule with the aid of a wedge odar anchored in other ways.

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In the building according to the invention, these prefabricated lettuce sections would be provided with laterally protruding jaws or tread pimples 34P which are integral with the lower end of each of the cast building sections 16P, 16R and 16Q. When the building is erected, the pillar sections of each storey are installed first, ie first the pillar sections according to 14 to 15 for the relevant storey are arranged on the prefabricated building sections of the storey below, whereupon the bar units 12 for the new storey on the tra ^ text 34P will be put on ^j n; Finally, the outer parts 60 for the new floor are placed on the Kreg carrier 198 cast onto the base sections

Concreting the LiUuIen on site, however, offers the advantage that the Säuöen 16 are firmly connected to the vacuum units 12, so that the units can fulfill their task as all cost bearers in the load-bearing construction of the building. In connection with FIG. 5, the downwardly acting wedge effect has already been mentioned, which is due to the presence of the mutually matching inclined surfaces of the walls 20 of the room units and the column sections 16 cast in concrete; this desired effect; can be most easily achieved using the casting process described. In addition, however, each column section, for example, according to FIG. 5, the column section 19.3 $ »i * forms its laterally projecting ledges 34 together with the laterally projecting rails of the column 16.2 below, a generally I-shaped tongue, of which the adjacent column units 12.5 and 12.6 can be detected. Furthermore, a tendency of the cast concrete, the columns 16 and the üinse 34 forms, in addition to the adjacent concrete material of the ceiling panels 18, the

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öeitcnv "önde 2C and the bottom plates 22 of the m umcinheiten hold * As a result, is ^+; there is a sufficiently solid connection between each toilet unit 12 and the pillars 16 at each end of the building. a rigid. • .K.-hiaenkonstruktion ^ learner it is possible to embed one or more vertical reinforced ribs' + C of each litural unit in the concrete of the columns 1t, as is possible in l''ie;. <? · Bü-.ius the Veretärkun ^ trippen 4C _O 2 shown iet _s so that the ^ turn units are anchored uid the bäulcn cncinender to this beiiutr & th that unebhängige movements ■ ^ be auglieder additionally prevents "

However, no prefabricated concrete column sections after I'ilj. 14 tds 16 are used, it is not possible to use a Such a firm connection between the columns and the u umeinheit zv achieve, since the acid sections made of concrete and the icton walls of the uLum units only in Bi.stührun £, come together after the concrete is hard and has become dry. In addition, it is not possible to use the To form concrete column sections according to Fig. 14 to 16 so that that they c. the vertical stiffening ribs 40.2 in the described quietly and firmly enclose a solid Connections wipe the prefabricated sections of the pillars and the units that can be produced are therefore the Column sections 16P according to FIG. 14 on oppositely set, rarely old horizontally arranged tension rods 204, and the column sections 16R according to FIG. 16 each have a single such rod 204 on one side, i.e. on the side facing away from the cast-on cantilever 19 '. Buttocks fifc ,. 14, the rods 204 are arranged so that every day extends into a trough construction 290, the upper body of the junction between two adjacent cus units 12 protrudes upwards, so that it is adjacent to the pillar section in question and on the one below

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lying on the floor. The trough 290 is filled with mortar, and after it has set körtel, the rods 204 are rigidly connected to the Kaumeinhsiten 12 of the underlying basement The Unden of the rods 204 are embedded during dee casting operation in the associated Säülcnabschnitte concrete ₉ so that the iaumeinheiten and the käulenebschnitte are rigidly connected to each other and the so produced .Konstruktion meets the requirements with respect to strength. The details of the trough construction 290 will be described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. explained

The column section 16B of Fig. 16 is intended to be used on the exterior wall of the building where cheek units are only present on one side so that no connecting rods 204 are required on the opposite side. The cantilever beam 198 cast onto the column section serves to support the outer girders 60 below. On the opposite outside of the building, where there are no external buildings, one could use concrete column sections 16Q according to Fig. 15 use; these column sections comprise only swci connecting rods 204 and do not have a cantilever 196 .

An additional design feature that is included in Gagenden is of particular importance in which «there are earthquakes see below is to be expected, consists in the fact that according to FIq. 8 an edge 80 Concrete is provided that runs across the middle Part of one or more Aium units 12 extends. According to 9 one can see such an earthquake protection wall in the Make way that one liquid concrete in the barely 84 between two adjacent transverse walls 82 of barely units pours. The earthquake protection wall produced in this way is also provided with support ledges or panels 34, which are laterally protrude outward and serve the immediate above

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to support horizontal itaumeinheit 12, as described above with respect to the ledges of the pillars 16 is describedo

At one or more points along the Viohn building It is necessary to use certain units of space in the case of spring floors for elevators and stairwells as well as for an outer corridor Provide a room for the elevator forms and is preferably also connected to the landings. According to Mg »9 are on each floor of the building three adjacent Juum units 12.10, 12.11 and 12.12 provided, which fulfill the tasks mentioned. These crook units are shown exploded in Fig. 9, but it should be noted that the three Ikum units are actually only separated by small distances and designed so that they form a structural unit. About and under each of the three in I'ig. 9 Ki umeinheit shown are similar xteum units in the neighboring floors arranged.

The bar unit 12.10 is an elevator shaft unit which is divided into two individual shafts 90 and 92, it being assumed that "two elevators are to be provided in the building". The elevator shafts 90 and 92 are in vertical alignment with similar shafts of similar ones above and arum units arranged underneath so that they form elevator shafts ₉ which extend in a vertical direction over the entire height of the building. The k umeinhc.it 12 = 10 also encloses a work space 94 for a janitor at a linden tree, while at the other end there is a conduit chamber 96 which has an upper uuke 98 and a lower hatch 100 through which the various conduits pass for electricity, water supply, etc. can extend vertically through the building.

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On a fceite Each Aufzufcschaahtes 90 and 92 Jc iat an elevator door 102 and 104 are provided, and these doors are in horizontal alignment with corresponding elevator passages 106 and 108 in the "adjacent side wall of the ^A eumeinheit 12". 11 The entire Innenraua the nfumeinheit 12 · 11 forms an inner corridor which is accessible from the outer gallery 60 so that people can use the corridor to get to the passages 106, 102 and 108, 1C4 for the elevators a door opening 110 is provided, which is in horizontal alignment with a passage 112 of the room unit 12.11, so that the lvs.um 94- is accessible from the corridor of the bathroom unit 12.11.

In Fig. 9, a staircase unit can be seen at 12.12 with staircase landings 114 and 116 arranged at its ends and two staircase sections 118 extending between these Landing 116 of a second K & ura unit. If one arranges several K units 12.12 vertically one above the other _t one obtains. thus a contiguous double staircase _s which extends in a vertical direction through the building, as is correspondingly described with respect to the elevator shafts that are formed by the Iteum units 12.10. Me kfumeinheiten 12:11 and 12:12 are mii passages 120 and 122 provided so that persons of _f d? M inner corridor can reach the landing 114, and Awei similar passages 124 and 126 connect the corridor with the landing 116th

In urgent cases in which two adjacent spatial units have to maintain interconnected passageways, as is the case with the external units for both K * .um units according to Iig ₃

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-23- 21023ΙΘ

is given, or as it would be necessary if a relatively large apartment extends over several kaura units, a certain tolerance range must be available with regard to horizontal and vertical misalignments between adjacent passages, since certain deviations in the arrangement of the iaum units cannot be avoided . One of the various options for compensating for sensors with regard to the horizontal lighting is probably the simplest, which consists in placing one of the passages in which the door is installed, e.g. passage 122 according to FIG. 9, in the horizontal direction is somewhat smaller than the passage that works with it, eg "passage 120. If the size difference is twice as large as the largest expected horizontal" dislocation, the smaller passage 122 is not even with a maximum horizontal illumination error in both directions Beyond the area determined by the larger passage 120. If the specified tolerance limits are not exceeded, it is therefore possible in some cases to align the passages with one another , and depending on the respective arrangement of the lit. ton be = there is the possibility that the passages on both sides are offset from one another; This is (but not so much a functional problem as an aesthetic problem * To enable a seal, according to FIG. 9, facing hoods 125 and 125 are provided which enclose the passages 120 and 122 assigned to one another on all four sides 20 effected by a seal 127 of a El & ßtomermaterial "and these Htüben jumping so _far? that they are closely adjacent each other, 3 ^e & och not touch, as iste shown in IIg. 9 and 20, the actual seal is shown in FIG. that before assembly into a

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-24- 2

Recess of one of the opposing H; practice, e.g. the H; over 126. built in.

Zv. ar is the expected misalignment in vertical Direction rather small, but to prevent stumbling and to avoid the narrow gap between the hats Covering $ 12 and $ 125 at the bottom of the passage is a transition plate 250 arranged according to FIG Screws connected to several mounting brackets 252 is. These brackets grip a flange 251 at the bottom hand the H & ube 12? at. They cling 252 can be loosened or tightened against the flange with the aid of screws 254

. which also serve to attach the Uberg & ngeplatte 250 attach the brackets below. If the screws 254 are sufficient are loosened far, the brackets 252 are released, so that the hammers and the plate 250 opposite the Hood 125 can advance or retract by placing it horizontally above the lower K; ndflansch 251 moves. Initially the transition plates are in their retracted position Position so that they incorporate the jtu units do not hinder, after this installation, the storage units will be however enter, demit the transition plates like this can be advanced that they the. bridge mentioned gap. Finally, the transition plates are

) validly attached. ·.

When the inevitable horizontal lighting fault is rejected between passages of different sizes for aesthetic reasons, one can use the one shown in Fig. Use the adjustable door fitting shown in order to make the presence of the misalignment unnoticeable.

The arrangement according to FIG. 20 comprises a door frame 260 which is secured to both sides of the hood 123 by brackets 262 of the passage formed 11 view 266 is connected. These brackets are attached with screws 264, which are also

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“AD

- 210238Ö

serve to connect the door frame 260 to the brackets 262. Similarly, door posts 270 are through Brackets 272 and screws 274- with flanges 276 on both Connected sides of the hay 125 of the other passage · If if you loosen the screws 274 sufficiently, you can open the door » Post 270 in a horizontal position opposite the flanges Adjust 276 to align with the adjacent portion of door frame 260, which will finalize screws 274 be tightened. A cover plate 278 is attached to each door jamb 270 and is opposite the door jamb in FIG horizontal fixing with the help of screws 282 and long Slots 280 is adjustable so that it can be brought to rest on the adjacent part of the door frame 260 " The adjustment of the door jamb 270 and the cover plates 278 is carried out in the same way as the adjustment of the bridging plate 250 from the inside of the Itoum units after this have been installed

According to a further feature of the invention, the suspended wall 68 (yig. 8) installed in the manufacturer's works, and in doing so, the leading to the interior of each Krumeinheit Passages for the doors are tightly closed so that no workers can enter the rooms afterwards these have been brought to the breast. According to FIGS. 10 and 12, another door opening 154 leads to a special one Chamber 136, opposite the remaining part of the chewing unit is completely separated so that the rest of the space the residential unit is not accessible from chamber 156 » Various systems are provided in the living rooms, e.g. electrical connections, gas lines (if a gas stove should be used), pipelines for supplying hot and cold running water, as well as sewage pipes and openings for supplying air to pickling, Air conditioning or ventilation purposes and, if necessary, hot water radiators for heating the rooms, if a «

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Centralization should be provided. From each of these systems, supply lines 141, as.B. an electric cable, a hot or jialt water pipe, a sewer pipe, a ventilation pipe, a gas pipe, etc. ^to open through the inside of the water heater? Kummer 136, so that these lines can be connected to a heating and / or air conditioning system 140, if each Kohnung is equipped with its own such system; furthermore, connections can be laid to riser pipes 142 running through the chamber. The system 140 can be a hot water heater that supplies hot water for washing purposes and for heating purposes, if hot water heating is provided, and / or a system that supplies heat for a hot air heating device, and / or an air conditioning system that operates during the summer months is used to cool the air. A cold water supply line, a sewage line, a ventilation line, an electrical boiler and a G; ß- or heating oil line belong if such a line is required for a kitchen stove or a heating system 140. The risers 142 are built into the chamber 136 at the construction site, and they can be connected to the heating and air conditioning system 140 and all other supply lines 141, with the workers concerned being able to enter the chamber 136. With the construction described, it is therefore not necessary for workers to enter the remaining rooms of the houmeinheit 12 and 13. This offers the advantage that these spaces remain in the clean-borne condition in which they left the factory during the construction of the building. The first person to enter the other rooms of the bar unit 12 is the first occupant of the apartment; however, this resident will find the complete electrical system, the installations and the heating system when he arrives

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- ^2? - 21029ΙΘ

and the air conditioning system in a fully connected and operational state.

If I have an apartment over more than a single room extends, and if at the connecting the'iieumeinheit Passages that are shown in FIG. 20 in iig. 20 fittings shown are used, it is in the fcelse already described required these fittings from inside the housing finally to cease, it should be noted, however, that whether or not with this Linstellvorgang by a simple work step acts, which can be carried out by the resident himself or the Hcussieister with the help of a screwdriver, if he does his surveillance tour after the building has been completed executes, so it is not necessary to set the Bg, that the ki & umeinheit before the Kinzug the residents is entered, so that soiling of the apartment is avoided before the residents move in.

Each chamber 136 is provided with a floor hatch 144 and one Cover hatch 146; these hatches are in vertical alignment with one another and with the corresponding hatches 144 and 146 of the chambers 136 of the ivcumunities above and below. As a result, they form perpendicular to each other aligned chambers 136 with their lower and upper hatches at a vertical Kdhe of l \ r..umeinhciten 12 together Manhole or canal that extends in a vertical direction extends over the full height of the residential building, and in the the supply risers 142 during execution the b & uarbciten can be relocated »

11 shows more details of the electrical distribution lines. An electrical function line 142 “4 runs from bottom to top through each uenal section, by the inside standing in vertical lighting 136 is formed with hatches 144 and 146 "On each floor branches off a line 143 from a connection box 145 and

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extends over the inner surface of the hooked 130 and above the passage 154 to an electrical Main switch on a switchboard 152 »which is attached to the inside of the Uend 130. From the control panel A plurality of electrical distribution lines 141 * 4 extend upward through the ceiling of the chamber 136 and along the ceiling the Ktumeinhüit 12 to different connection boxes 1 ^ 4, with to which there are 12 switches distributed in all rooms of the vacuum unit, Sockets and electrical devices are connected

The use of the free i & ume 50 to accommodate the electrical distribution lines offers several advantages. In particular, with this arrangement it is not necessary to make wooden cladding on the construction site in order to make special dreams and to accommodate the electrical lines from «sugremseb, because the required licaum is available in G ο et old of the gaps 50 only grouting. As a result, there is something lcichter the work of the various Htndworker _t each other from £ UBtimmen, as the work of an electrician, to a lesser extent on the execution of the carpentry work from "hanging ·

In the case of apartments with several bedrooms, comprising several rooms, only one of the units would normally be provided with a fully equipped chamber 136, and this one chamber would also serve to supply the or every further room of the class. In order to enable this EU, according to Ti &. 11 an electrical socket arrangement 155 is provided on the dookc of the boom unit 12, which fits a tite socket arrangement 157 of an adjacent vacuum unit, not shown, so that the electrical current can also be fed to this further luminal unit. In a similar way, it is possible over the duck Lay water pipes and change pipes, and in the case of the "rfinduncsgemU & cn arrangement" no utn & workers need to enter the ixoum units for this purpose, then they

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can the pelvis of the ivrum units commit what without öchwie '" on each floor is possible before the next ixaumeinheit is put on · Thus is also with several Hinmeinhtiten comprehensive housing the maintenance the cleanliness of the living spaces is guaranteed, even in cases in which one or more kitchen units do not own supply; include cable connection chamber.

To get through the appendix 140 of the apartment in question Air supplied for heating »ventilate or cattle to all the Küumon of the same unit 12 and all the rest to distribute the units of the same apartment by are monitored by the same thermostat, the air is first drawn from chamber 1J6 according to Jig. 10 towards the ffeile 162 directed upwards and then in the direction of the arrows 163 delivered upwards through an opening 164 (Figo 11), which leads to the Keum 50 above the ceiling plate 18 of the Itcum unit · From the E & around 50 aua the air is directed towards the arrows 166 down through ceiling manifold 168 to all inhabited areas of the room unit 12 distributed · In. this inside, the air fulfills its task, which consists in heating or cooling or ventilating the heat, whereupon The air is finally drawn off in the direction of the file 170 via the opening 172, which leads to a return duct 1-4 to lead. The return line 174 forwards the consumed Air in the direction of arrows 176 over the iteum unit and finally back down to the chamber 136c Die special design features of the building described, in which the "Krumeinheit 12" by the. Support plates 34 in Distances are kept so that free trees «Wipe the ceilings and booths all vertically on top of each other . arranged huuneinhoiten are available, allow ss thus, one expedient air benefit system at one Building * u echefftn, with each. Apartment or · each through a thermostat transmits zone with its own air

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heating, cooling or ventilation system 140 is equipped «.

In such a building it would be necessary to separate that part of the space which is used to distribute the air to the trees of a particular dwelling from that part of the space which is allocated to another dwelling. For example, fig. 1 ₃ two kum units 12.15 and 12 ° 16 separated by a horizontal distance, which belong to different apartments of the same G-echo lake, as is the case with the kum units 12.17 and 12.18 of the floor above, which are separated by a horizontal distance. It is therefore necessary to subdivide the intermediate space 50 into a chamber 50 ₀ 1 assigned to the height unit 12.15 and a chamber $ 0 «2 assigned to the tree unit 12.16. For this purpose, a thin-walled formwork intended only for single use, e.g. a piece of plywood 210, which is provided with cutouts for receiving the vertical butts 40, is arranged on the upper side of the ceiling panels 18 of the two Kj ümeinhciten 12.15 and 12.16 so that it bridged the haum 44 between the chewing units. Then a layer of mortar is placed on the plywood plate 210, which forms a sealing plate 212 made of concrete after hardening. Then, using additional mortar 215, a row of concrete blocks 214 and, in the case of prefabricated columns, a row of U-shaped blocks 29QA, which are the ones shown in fig. 14 form the trough construction shown, arranged on the concrete slab 212. Now the next floor is placed, which comprises the cleaning units 12.17 and 12.18, whereupon coarse mortar 292, which is so stiff that it cannot flow through the small gaps between the calcium units and the concrete blocks, is placed in the trough-shaped blocks 29QA and is placed over dtn concrete blocks 214 so that it connects to dtn blocks and dtn tree units. Further mortar 213 is also used between adjacent concrete

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pad 214 and 29Ολ used to complete each pad to enclose · After all the building materials have hardened and dry, form the plate 212, the blocks 214 and 29Qi and the mortar 292 the supporting structure according to FIGS. 14 and on the same side a continuous partition which separates the chamber 50.1 from the reamer 50.2, so that the heating in the apartments comprising the iaum units 12.15 and 12.16 and cooling can be controlled independently.

If, on the other hand, the building is centrally heated, air-conditioned or ventilated »the vertical shafts form 44.2 i.e. the ropes of the vertical spaces 44 between rope units separated by a horizontal distance which are not are filled with concrete, very "wake-like vertical air distribution channels, which the horizontal spaces or Chambers 50 of all storeys penetrate o According to FIG. 8, the vertical shaft 44.2 cuts between the kum units 12.19 and 12.20, which are separated by a horizontal distance the horizontal htum 50 between the chewing units 12 * 19 and 12.9, separated by a vertical distance, so that this air is suggested.

If the shafts are to be used to distribute air, not all of the individual chambers, for example chambers 50.1 and 50.2, are separated from one another, as was described above with reference to FIG. However, it is possible to use partitions of the _{type shown in fig 0} 13 at certain points in order to divide the building into individual zones, each of which is monitored by a (thermostat.

when the spaces 50 are used as lift distribution channels If they are to be used, they must be used in every form on the front and side walls of the BebSudes opposite the Ambient air. This can be done on the side

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walls of the building, that is to say at the Kriden of the scarcely units 12, can easily be done by following Pig. 1 and 3 horizontally extending panels 180 provides z. B ₀ consist of anodized aluminum. These panels are attached to the building by means of L-shaped screws 300, the heads 302 of which can be turned with the aid of a screwdriver and are accessible on the outside of the building. The cladding panels are first brought to rest on the wall of the building in such a way that the hook-shaped screws 300 assume a horizontal position so that they are in the space between the downwardly protruding floor rib 54 of the upper bar unit and the upwardly protruding base rib 52 protrude into the lower H & umeinheit. The screws 300 are then gripped with the aid of a screwdriver engaging their head 302 from the outside of the plate 180 to rotate the hooked end so that it engages behind the adjacent upper lip 54 or the lower lip 52 to lock the plate in to keep their position o One can use a sealant of known type between the plate 180 and the adjacent palm of the building to achieve a better seal of the fishing "rough 50""According to FIG Form flanges 180.1 which grip around the corners of the bending units 12 in the manner of hooks.

fig. 12 shows another construction serving the same purpose with an upwardly opening trough 190, which is formed on the upper side of the ceiling panel 18 of a fir.um unit and instead of the first ceiling rib 52 extends along the transverse edge of the ceiling panel Put on the ÜKum units of the next QeBChOBiOB partially filled with mortar 192 Then the next storey of the building is erected while the mortar

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192 is nodi soft, and a tongue 194, which replaces the first floor rib 54 and protrudes downward from the underside of the floor plate 22 of the next higher impurity, engages in the cavity of the trough 190 and is embedded in the mortar 192 » After the Körtelβ has set, the space 50 is completely enclosed along the transverse edges of the top plate 18 and the bottom plate 22. developed. In order to prevent these are rings of moisture in the tree between the downwardly projecting tongue 194 and the outer wall of the (DrogkoBBtruktion 190, is the chewing filled between said trough and the bottom plate 22 with a flexible sealant 196, which expands when temperature changes, and together provides _β

Figures 17 and 18 illustrate a method sum Sealing the interstices 50 in the longitudinal direction of the building units 12 along the end walls of the building, i.e. the land shown in Fig. 8 on the right-hand side and emerge from the outer side walls 20 of the crook units 12 »9, 12.19, etc. of the last vertical heights put together» Here it is provided that a prefabricated wall panel 220 made of concrete on the outside of each side panel 20 is arranged, which forms part of the outer wall of the building, and that several such wall panels 220 should form a complete frontal passage of the building. Each individual plate is provided with an angle piece 222, which is connected to her upper hand by screws 224; Furthermore, a fastening anchor protrudes opposite each plate 226 inwards, and each plate has a retaining plate made of steel, which is connected to the wall plate by a screw 230. When pouring the concrete slab 220 will be screws 224, anchor 226, and screw 230 embedded in the concrete while it is still soft; then lets you set the concrete so that the named parts are firmly connected to the plate o It should be noted that the

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Angle profile 222 inwardly over the inner surface of the concrete slab 220 protrudes the length of its end, and that at the lower edge of the plate a corresponding recess 234- was in front is seen so that the lower end of the flap plate 228 through is separated by a distance from the insert «.

According to FIG. 18, each of the prefabricated fcoid panels 220 made of concrete is fastened to the associated Κί-umeinheit 12 of the relevant storey and connected to similar wall panels arranged above and below. According to Fig. 18, the plate 220.1 rests on the side wall of a cheek unit 12, and it is suspended from this frame unit in that the projecting lower ftrnd 232 of the angle profile 222 protrudes over the outer lands of the transverse reinforcing ribs 52 which are located on the top of the Ceiling panel 18 of the room unit are formed »To fix the suspended wall panel, the longitudinal ceiling rib 24, which also forms part of the upper surface of the ceiling panel 18, is provided with a fastening part 234, which is held in its ii & ge by a screw 236 will. In addition, a connecting _{rod 238 is provided 8} which is welded at one end to the inner surface of the square profile 222 and has a longitudinal slot 240 through which a screw 242 protrudes, which connects the rod 238 and thus also the wall plate 220.1 with the holder 234 »The slot 240 is of such a length that the wall plate 220d can be rotated until it is parallel to the side wall 20 of the room unit. As soon as this liinatell- and connection work is finished, liquid concrete is poured into the space 244 between the wall plate 22Od and the side wall 20 of the Ec Umeinheit. When this concrete sets, it forms an anchoring for the anchor 226 ₉ protruding into the haun 244 so that the wall plate is permanently attached and the space 50 is sealed o When the next floor of Krumeinheite

109831/1502 iAD original.

is placed, the next wall panel 220.2 is arranged directly above the wall panel 220.1, with the upper Angle profile 222 of the lower end plate into the recess 234- engages the top wall panel and anchors itself to the support plate 228 of the top wall panel so that the two Wall panels are firmly connected to each other.

From the above description it can be seen that it allows the construction according to the invention, in the Use of prefabricated room units with maximum noise To achieve o According to the invention, each htumeinheit does not form just a prefabricated enclosure, but it also forms part of the load-bearing structure of the building, being it acts both as a carrier and as a connecting member that connects the columns in two horizontal directions ο in a preferred embodiment of the invention serve the gaps between adjacent chewing units not only as shafts UMd Kt-Toern for distributing air, but form the Asum units, at the same time expedient Formwork for making the columns, so that it is not necessary to provide special formwork made of wood. Finally, after their manufacture, the H&M units tightly closed so that they cannot be entered by workers on the construction site, and they have chambers provided, which not only form vertical shafts for installing supply lines, but also make it possible to connect all barely units to the connecting lines without having to enter the interior of the apartments and become soiled in the process.

Expectations:

109831/1502 "° ° ^filQ ' ^NAL

Claims (1)

AHSFHl) OEE Λ) Frame construction along the longitudinal axis of the girders to give the required rigidity in horizontal direction, characterized in that the girders are designed as hollow east girders (12), each of which encloses at least one interior space (14) of the building and is attached to the pillars (16) supports » 2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the cost carriers (12) horizontally next to one another and are arranged vertically one above the other that adjacent box girders are separated by distances in at least one horizontal direction, and that the columns (16) are made of consist of a material that is used when erecting the building in Interstices (44) have been cast between horizontally adjacent box girders separated by spacings is. 3 · Building according to claim 2, characterized in that pairs of bulkheads (42) are arranged at horizontal distances from one another in the aforementioned interspaces (44) so that they are delimited in a horizontal direction Form trees to receive the material to be poured and therefore determine the width of the Säuion (16). 109831/1502 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 4. Building according to claim 3 »marked * net that the cost bearers (12) include Se & enwUnde (20), which are reinforced with outer vertical butts (40), which are arranged opposite one another so that they the bulkheads (42) against the horizontal pressure of the cast Hold materials in place. 5 «Building according to claim 3», characterized in that the distance between the bulkheads (42) arranged in pairs is reduced from bottom to top of storey iu storey, so that the width of the columns (16) is also reduced the increasing height of the building progressively decreases ο 6. Building according to claim 3, characterized in that the box girders (12) comprise side walls (20), whose bead increases from top to bottom, and that the facing outer surfaces of these side walls from each other horizontally adjacent cost units converge downwards, so that the pillars (16) cast in between are downwards taper and in the lower part of each storey a smaller one Thickness than in the upper toil. 7 · Building according to claim 2, characterized in that horizontal cantilever beams (62) in the cast Pillars (16) are embedded that these cantilever beams protrude beyond the box girders (12), and that the cantilever beams a support outer gallery (60). 8 * Building according to claim 2, characterized in that the box girders (12) have side walls (20) which are reinforced with external vertical butts (40), and that the material for the columns (16) is cast around these ribs to anchor the cost bearers and the pillars to one another in such a way that "they cannot be positioned in front of one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cost bearers ₀ 109831/1502 «Mo _O *, _{e / A} , 9 · Building according to claim. 1, characterized in that the columns (16) projecting laterally Sine © or Treg plates (34), each between two are arranged vertically one above the other, separated by a distance box girders (32) and the weight of the box arranged directly above the support plates · »take up girders · 10. Building according to claim 9 »characterized geke η η -seiohnet that the box girders (12) durfch the support plates (34) are supported at vertical intervals one above the other so that free houses (50) are available between them, and that measures are taken are to air from the free trees from those demarcated by the urban agencies Manage interiors. 11. Building according to claim 10, in which jfötßhaben taken are to seal the free spaces on their hands, characterized in that at the top a cost unit (12) a {frog (190) is formed that in this trough a sealing material (192) is arranged, and that opposite the next box girder arranged above a sifting rib (194) protrudes downwards, which extends extends into the trough and is partially embedded in the sealing material. 12. Building according to claim 11, characterized in that the columns (16) are prefabricated that the columns include tie rods (204) extending from the Columns protrude from the side in the troughs (290) to seal the free spaces (50), and that the Sealing material (292) encloses the connecting rods and hardens to form a link su, which connects the cost bearers (12) with the prefabricated columns through the connecting rods o 109831/1502 15. Building according to claim 1 _t characterized in that the boxes support (12) are separated by gaps, and in that Mißnahmen are made to allow air between the wipe through the box beam delimited interiors and the interspaces (44) "flow through the box girders · 14. Building according to claim 1 »characterized in that a plurality of vertically one above the other and separated by spacings Krstträger (12) is provided are, each of which has mutually perpendicular and interconnected openings in vertical illumination, the together form an elevator shaft (90, 92) «. Building according to claim 14, characterized in that one of the carriers (12.11) delimits an inner corridor and is arranged horizontally next to a box girder (12.10) forming the elevator shafts, and that the cost carriers forming the elevator shafts and the inner corridor comprise vertical suite walls which face one another and have elevator door openings (102, 104, 106, 108) which are aligned with one another, which extend horizontally through the side walls and are arranged near the elevator shaft (90, 92) in order to make the elevator shaft accessible from the corridor _{or the like} 16. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that by several box girders (12.12), which are arranged in vertical alignment with one another and each have a landing (114, 116) and a landing that connects the landing Enclose stairs (118) 17 «Building according to claim 16, characterized in that one of the box girders (12.11) has a inner corridor encloses that this box carrier in horizontal direction with a landing 10 9 8 31/15 0 2 Payer (12.12) is adjacent, and that the two Payers raise vertical side walls that are facing each other and have flush openings (120, 122, 124, 126), which extend horizontally through the feet and are arranged near the staircase seat (114, 116) around the corridor from the S.'repenabsatz make accessible 18 · Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice girders (12) have several panels encompass that have sufficient strength «among other things Give box girders the required rigidity in the X & n & s direction « 19 · Building according to claim 18, characterized in that the flats are cast from concrete « 20. Building according to claim 18, characterized in that one of the panels (22) extends over the Underside of the .Kostenträger (12) extends and has such a strength that it supports the weight of the contents of the Can accommodate the interior (14) 21 * Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof supports (12) are also located between two of the columns (16) in one facing the longitudinal axis Xast carriers in the transverse direction extending second horizontal ELchtuog, that the cost carriers to the Columns are attached, and that the cost bearers act as horizontal links between the Säuion of the Iiahsenkonstruktion in the second horizontal direction to give the necessary rigidity in the horizontal direction. 22. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the cost bearers (12) through both in a vertical sighting and in the horizontal direction 4 & * ^/? "* - ^{ί & ϊ} - 109831/1502 are separated by gaps so that they have free spaces delimit that measures are taken to guide air between 'the free trees (50) and the interior spaces delimited by the payers, and that arrangements are provided to subdivide the free spaces, these Arrangements each comprise a bridging part (210), which is supported on the top of two by a horizontal distance separated cost units and over the E & around (44) present in between extends to this Krum to close between the two box girders at its upper end, as well as a cast material (212) arranged on the bridging part, which after hardening formed a seal 23 «Building according to claim 22, characterized in that measures have been taken to the free spaces (50) in separate chambers (50.1, 50.2) to subdivide, and that for this purpose a series of fastened blocks (214) is arranged on the sealing material, with an additional sealing material (292) is arranged on the row of blocks, and this Additional sealing material with a sealing effect with one or more box carriers arranged above (12) cooperates «> 24. Gcbäudj, according to claim 1, characterized through an outer end plate (220), fastening means for Attach the wall plate to the box girders (12) in such a way that they are essentially parallel to one side ' the cost bearer and extends at a distance from it, as well as one in the neurn (244) between the wall plate and the Side wall of the K; a solid cast material that has hardened to form a solid wall » 25 · Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the Säuion (16) in the form of prefabricated 109831/1502 BAD Sections of predetermined length are made 26. Building according to claim 25, characterized in that the prefabricated sections form vertically arranged structural members (16R) which at their lower Ends with laterally protruding ledges (3Ή?) -Provided, which are arranged between cost units (12) separated by a vertical distance and each weight pick up the carrier immediately above it. 27 · Building according to claim 25 j characterized in that the prefabricated chair sections are connected by subsequently tensionable connecting means (202, 204) « 28. Prefabricated chopping unit for a building, characterized in that the ksumeinheit delimits at least one habitable tree which is provided with completely finished supply facilities and ready-laid internal supply lines (14-1) which lead to the supply facilities, this space being completely closed off So that it cannot be entered during the construction of the building, and that the room unit includes a supply line connection skimmer (136), the lines mentioned ending in this Ktmeer to be connected there, and the chamber not one has closed access (134) through which the ■ chamber can be entered so that the connections mentioned can be presented without having to enter the interior during construction work. 29. Multi-storey building of the type with several prefabricated Hnum units, which are in several storeys are arranged one above the other, thereby being marked i without t, that in a row of vertically one above the other arranged H. conversion units (12) each a «supply · - 109831/1502 line — Aoschlußkaiaiaer (136) is provided that this jiamraers stand in vertical alignment with each other and each have an upper .büke (146) and a lower hatch (144), those in vertical alignment with each other and the Lukon of the other Bxeaern stand, ao that the hatches together form a canal with the 1 antem, which extends in a vertical direction liichtung extends through all floors that "supply riser lines (142) run vertically through this channel, and that the Iteumunhe iten inside with "supply facilities and supply lines (141) are provided, which last lead from the utilities to the chambers, where they end at connections with the Risers can be connected » 50 · Building according to claim 29, characterized in that each aiim unit (12) comprises at least one habitable ixt um, that this i um is provided with complete supply facilities and fully laid inner lines (141) leading to these facilities, that the licum is complete is closed to prevent entry of the .arums during the .rrwrbung the building, and that the chamber (136) has an unlocked access (154) so that it can be entered, so that the "connections between the supply lines and the. Risers can be made without the hsxm having to be stepped on during the construction work ". • AD ORIGINAL 109831/1502 Blank page