DE202020005488U1 - Vehicle window - Google Patents

Abstract

Vehicle window pane (1), comprising a first substrate (GS1), a film (F) which has at least one first conductive layer (LS1) and at least one electronic component (EK), the film (F) having a film thickness (h _F ) has between 100 µm and 10 µm, in particular 50 µm or less, the first conductive layer (LS1) having structures that have an antenna structure (ANT), a first line structure (GPCW1), a second line structure (GPCW2) and a connection area ( AB), the electronic component (EK) being applied to the film (F), the antenna structure (ANT) being connected to the electronic component (EK) by means of the first line structure (GPCW1), the electronic component (EK) is connected to the connection area (AB) by means of the second line structure (GPCW2), the film (F) being placed around the first substrate (GS1) so that the antenna structure (ANT) is arranged on a first side of the first substrate (GS1) u nd the connection area (AB) is arranged on a second side of the first substrate (GS1) which is opposite the first side.

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle window.

background

Vehicles are increasingly being equipped with electrical components. In addition to the classic radio devices, there is an increasing number of devices in a vehicle that can receive or also send high-frequency signals.

At this point, the reception of signals from a navigation system or signals from communication systems is mentioned as an example.

Navigation systems can, for example, be a satellite-based navigation satellite system (GNSS). Systems in operation are, for example, the Global Positioning System (GPS) or the GLObal Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS). Other navigation systems are possible, e.g. based on mobile radio systems.

Communication systems can be, for example, short-range radio systems for car-to-car or car-to-infrastructure or mobile radio communication systems, e.g. mobile communication systems of the 2nd / 3rd / 4th or 5th generation.

Corresponding antennas can be attached to the outside of the vehicle, but such additional devices pose a problem in several respects.

Exemplary arrangements are from the publication US 20140176374 A1 known.

On the one hand, the corresponding facilities require breakthroughs that are susceptible to corrosion. On the other hand, such devices often disturb the visual impression. Frequently, however, such devices also provide a source of noise and increased wind resistance. In addition, such antennas are also a target of vandalism.

Based on this, a trend has developed in the past towards providing antennas in other locations.

For example, GNSS antennas can be arranged inside the vehicle interior, for example below the dashboard or below the windshield.

It is difficult to find a suitable position with a good view of the antenna on the GNSS satellites and at the same time to avoid EMC problems from electrical devices in the dashboard and from the vehicle engine.

Furthermore, electrically conductive layers such as infrared-reflecting layers or low-E layers can prevent the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the pane and block the GNSS signal.

Typical GPS antennas are implemented as plane antennas and typically as patch antennas and are, for example, from the WO 00/22695 A1 , the DE 202006011919 U1 or the DE 202010011837 U1 known. A planar metallic antenna structure is arranged on one side of a printed circuit board or a ceramic carrier. On the opposite side, a flat base plate is arranged as a ground plane. The antenna structure and base plate are connected to an electrical receiving unit via electrical lines. Due to the material thickness of the printed circuit board or the ceramic carrier, the antenna has a certain thickness and is clearly visible and not very aesthetic when it is arranged directly on the windshield.

From the US 9,257,747 B2 a Vivaldi antenna is known which can be attached to a vehicle window. Out WO 2005/091827 A2 a patch antenna is known which can be attached to a vehicle window. From the US 2008/0 129 619 A1 and from the US 2006/139 223 A1 a crossed dipole antenna arrangement is known which can be mounted on a vehicle window. From the DE 101 29 664 A1 a further antenna on a vehicle window is known.

So far, antennas that are attached to the pane surface have been connected with a coaxial cable.

The integration of antennas and supply lines in panes is desired due to many considerations. On the one hand, considerations about placement play a role, on the other hand, considerations relating to the electrical connection of the antennas.

From the prior art, such as the US patent U.S. 5,760,744 , WO 2016/162251 A1 and the European patent EP 0 608 180 B1 , antennas that are integrated in glass are already known.

However, due to the framework conditions, it is difficult to enable integration. One obstacle here is the space available to integrate such an antenna and its supply line.

This installation space is limited in particular in the case of composite panes. There is such an arrangement between two substrate layers introduced, the distance between the two substrate layers must not be too great in order to integrate an integration into common systems. In addition, such systems also tend to the fact that the lamination in the area of the antenna / supply line is defective, for example incomplete and / or substrate breaks can occur in the area of the antenna / supply line.

This is due to the fact that previous systems have a stack of a feed line and an antenna structure. The feed line has a (structured) copper foil, a protective layer being applied to the copper layer in each case by means of an adhesive. The antenna structure in turn has its own (structured) copper foil, a protective layer being applied to the copper layer in each case by means of an adhesive. An electrical connection must be established at a suitable point between the copper foil of the supply line and the copper foil of the antenna structure.

Such an antenna shape is for example from the US patent U.S. 5,534,879 known, in which a supply line provided on a strip is connected to a separately provided antenna element by means of solder. The production of such structures is critical, since the temperatures have to be set carefully during the production process of a laminated glass pane so that the solder connection is reliably guaranteed. In addition, there are problems with the long-term stability of the solder connection.

It is also known to amplify high-frequency signals by means of an amplifier device before any processing. The amplifiers are often only made available in the respective receiving devices.

Particularly in the case of weak signals or signals that are subject to strong attenuation in antenna lines, the situation often arises that the useful signal was strongly attenuated between signal reception by an antenna and amplification in a receiving device.

Although amplifiers with a high gain can be used to counteract this, it has been shown that amplifiers with a high gain tend to oscillate and react very sensitively to interfering signals.

However, numerous sources of interference signal can be found in the vicinity of vehicles in particular.

The provision of such amplifiers and the provision of filters for suppressing interference signals is complex and cost-intensive and often only provides a slight improvement.

From the DE 603 06 719 T2 it is known to provide electronics in a housing on a pane of glass. But here, too, there is the problem of placement.

Based on this, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved vehicle window in which one or more problems from the prior art are avoided.

Summary of the invention

The object is achieved by a vehicle window having a first substrate, a film which has at least one first conductive layer and at least one electronic component, the film having a film thickness between 100 μm and 10 μm, in particular 50 μm or less, the first conductive layer has structures that form an antenna structure, a first line structure, a second line structure and a connection area, wherein the electronic component (s) is / are applied to the film, wherein the antenna structure by means of the first line structure with the / the electronic component (s) is / are connected, wherein the electronic component (s) is / are connected to the connection area by means of the second line structure, the film being placed around the first substrate so that the antenna structure is on is arranged on a first side of the first substrate and the connection area is arranged on a second side of the first substrate tes, which is opposite the first side, is arranged.

That is, by means of the invention, a spatially close mounting of electronic components, such as filters or amplifiers, is made available. The signal-to-noise ratio can be positively influenced at an early stage. In addition, the film can be prefabricated with structures and electronic components so that cost-effective integration is made available.

In one embodiment of the invention, the vehicle window has a ground potential plane in the area of the antenna structure on the side opposite thereto.

That is, the invention also allows the use of panes with printed / vapor-coated metal surfaces.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the ground potential plane is alternatively or additionally provided on a second conductive layer.

That is, the invention also allows the integration of the ground potential level on a film.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the ground potential plane is provided as a conductive layer on the first substrate.

That is to say, the invention also allows the provision of other antenna shapes and the provision of special waveguide structures.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the antenna structure has a dipole characteristic and / or a broadband characteristic.

Using dipole characteristics, antennas, e.g. dipole or yagi antennas, with excellent preferred directions can be implemented particularly easily. For example, signals with a preferred direction, e.g. vertically or horizontally polarized signals, can be picked up particularly sensitively. On the other hand, with suitable interconnection of such antenna structures with a preferred direction by means of a delay line, circular polarization can also be recorded particularly well. Such circularly polarized signals are often found in satellite-based systems.

By means of broadband characteristics, antennas, for example multiband dipole, Vivaldi antennas, can be made available for a plurality of frequency ranges in a particularly simple manner, so that a multitude of different devices can be supplied by means of one antenna. For example, signals for a navigation system and / or radio reception and / or mobile radio systems can thus be achieved by means of an antenna structure ANT be caught.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first electrically conductive layer has a height of 10 μm-75 μm. The second electrically conductive layer can also have a height of 10 μm-75 μm. The first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer preferably have a height of approximately 35 μm. An adhesion promoting layer can optionally be applied to the first electrically conductive layer and / or to the second electrically conductive layer. This bonding layer can, for example, each have a height of about 15 µm.

This enables a thin arrangement that can also be integrated into a composite pane or that can also be adapted to a curved surface.

In particular, the dielectric film F. at least one material selected from the group comprising polyimide, polyurethane, polymethylene methacrylic acid, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, FR6, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the electronic component is arranged on the side of the antenna structure.

In other words, given suitable proportions, electronic components can also be arranged in the intermediate layer, for example, in a laminated glass pane.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the electronic component is arranged on the side of the connection area.

In other words, regardless of the proportions, electronic components can be made available close to the antenna but also close to a connection area.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the vehicle window is a laminated glass pane, the vehicle window furthermore having a second substrate, the film (with other layers) being introduced between the first substrate and the second substrate.

That is, the film can be applied both to the outside of the pane and between the glass layers of a laminated glass pane.

The second substrate can be, for example, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. Basically all electrically insulating substrates which are thermally and chemically stable under the conditions of manufacture and use of the vehicle window according to the invention are suitable as a substrate.

The glass pane preferably contains glass substrates, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures from that.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a vehicle with a glass pane according to the invention, in particular a land, sea, air or space vehicle, is provided.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the glass pane according to the invention is used to receive signals for satellite-based navigation, in particular to receive GNSS signals from Navstar GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Beidou, Navic, QZSS used. Alternatively or additionally, the glass pane according to the invention is used to receive signals from a mobile communication system, in particular a mobile communication system of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th generation.

Without restricting the generality, the vehicle window can be a windshield, a rear window, a side window or a roof window.

Figure list

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments. The drawing is a schematic representation and is not true to scale. The drawing does not restrict the invention in any way.

• 1 eine schematische Übersicht in Bezug auf die Anordnung von Folien, Substratschicht(en) zur Verdeutlichung von Aspekten gemäß Stand der Technik und der Erfindung,
• 2 ein schematischer Querschnitt durch eine Folie mit leitenden Schichten in Ausführungsformen der Erfindung,
• 3 eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer Antennenstruktur in Ausführungsformen der Erfindung,
• 4 eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer Leitungsstruktur in Ausführungsformen der Erfindung,
• 5 eine schematische Aufsicht von einer ersten Seite auf eine Antennenstruktur und eine Leitungsstruktur in Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, und
• 6 eine schematische Aufsicht von einer zweiten Seite auf eine Antennenstruktur und eine Leitungsstruktur in Ausführungsformen der Erfindung entsprechend 5.

Show it:

• 1 a schematic overview with regard to the arrangement of foils, substrate layer (s) to illustrate aspects according to the prior art and the invention,
• 2 a schematic cross section through a film with conductive layers in embodiments of the invention,
• 3 a schematic perspective view of an antenna structure in embodiments of the invention,
• 4th a schematic perspective view of a line structure in embodiments of the invention,
• 5 a schematic plan view from a first side of an antenna structure and a line structure in embodiments of the invention, and
• 6th a schematic plan view from a second side of an antenna structure and a line structure in embodiments of the invention accordingly 5 .

Detailed description

The invention will be illustrated in more detail below with reference to the figures. It should be noted that different aspects are described that can be used individually or in combination. That is, any aspect can be used with different embodiments of the invention unless explicitly shown as a pure alternative.

Furthermore, for the sake of simplicity, reference is generally only made to one entity in the following. Unless explicitly noted, the invention can also have several of the entities concerned. In this respect, the use of the words “a”, “an” and “an” is only to be understood as an indication that at least one entity is used in a simple embodiment.

Figures with numerical values are generally not to be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of +/- 1% up to +/- 10%.

Insofar as standards, specifications or the like are named in this application, reference is at least always made to the standards, specifications or the like applicable on the filing date. That is, if a standard / specification etc. is updated or replaced by a successor, the invention can also be applied to this.

Various embodiments are shown in the figures.

A vehicle window 1 according to the invention has a first substrate GS1 , a slide F. , at least a first conductive layer LS1 , and at least one electronic component EK on. The term film is to be understood as meaning that the thickness h _F a slide F. is small compared to its areal expansion. Typical film thicknesses h _F are between 100 µm and 10 µm, in particular 50 µm or less.

The substrate can be, for example, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. Basically all electrically insulating substrates which are thermally and chemically stable under the conditions of manufacture and use of the vehicle window according to the invention are suitable as a substrate.

The glass substrate particularly preferably contains flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof.

An electronic component EK can, for example, be an active amplifier, a discrete filter, etc.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the conductor layers have LS1 , LS2 Silver and / or copper and / or gold and / or aluminum and / or indium and / or graphene. It should be noted that the conductor layers LS1 , LS2 can have different materials. However, they preferably have the same materials. That is to say, the conductor structures can also be adapted to electrical and / or thermal and / or mechanical boundary conditions.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the film has at least one material selected from the group comprising polyimide, polyurethane, polymethylene methacrylic acid, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, FR6, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate on.

In the first conductive layer LS1 structures are provided, e.g. an antenna structure is provided ANT , a first governance structure GPCW1 , a second governance structure GPCW2 and a connection area FROM educated.

The electronic component (s) EK is / are on the foil by means of a suitable process F. or on structures of the conductive layer LS1 or. LS2 upset.

The antenna structure ANT is by means of the first management structure GPCW1 with at least one of the electronic components EK connected. At least one electronic component EK is by means of the second management structure GPCW2 with the connection area FROM connected.

The foil F. is around the first substrate GS1 placed so that the antenna structure ANT on a first side of the first substrate GS1 is arranged and the connection area FROM on a second side of the first substrate GS1 , which is opposite to the first side, arranged. Ie both antenna structure ANT as well as connection area FROM are essentially on one side of the film in terms of production technology F. arranged.

That is, by means of the invention, a spatially close mounting of electronic components, such as filters or amplifiers, is made available. The signal-to-noise ratio can be positively influenced at an early stage. In addition, the film can be prefabricated with structures and electronic components so that cost-effective integration is made available.

In one embodiment of the invention, the vehicle window 1 has in the area of the antenna structure ANT a ground potential plane on the opposite side GP on.

That is to say, the invention allows, for example - as exemplified in 3 shown - so-called patch antennas as antenna structure ANT .

In one embodiment, the ground potential level GP on a second conductive layer LS2 provided.

In other words, the invention also allows the integration of the ground potential level on a film. This is exemplified in 3 shown.

In an alternative or additional embodiment, the ground potential plane GP as a conductive layer on the first substrate GS1 provided. This is exemplified in 1 shown.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the antenna structure ANT a dipole characteristic or a broadband characteristic. Such an exemplary antenna structure ANT is with respect to a first patterned conductive layer LS1 in 5 shown while the bottom, ie in relation to the second structured conductive layer LS1 in 6th is shown.

Using dipole characteristics, antennas, e.g. dipole or yagi antennas, with excellent preferred directions can be implemented particularly easily. For example, signals with a preferred direction, e.g. vertically or horizontally polarized signals, can be picked up particularly sensitively. On the other hand, with suitable interconnection of such antenna structures with a preferred direction by means of a delay line, circular polarization can also be recorded particularly well. Such circularly polarized signals are often found in satellite-based systems.

Using broadband characteristics, antennas, e.g. multiband dipole, Vivaldi antennas, can be made available for a large number of frequency ranges, so that a large number of different devices can be supplied with one antenna. For example, signals for a navigation system and / or radio reception and / or mobile radio systems can thus be picked up by means of an antenna structure ANT1.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first electrically conductive layer LS1 - as in 2 shown - a height h _LS1 from 10 µm - 75 µm. A second electrically conductive layer can also be used LS2 be provided optionally. This second conductive layer LS2 can also be a height h _LS2 from 10 µm - 75 µm. The first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer preferably have a height of approximately 35 μm. An adhesion promoting layer can optionally be applied to the first electrically conductive layer and / or to the second electrically conductive layer. This adhesion promoting layer can, for example, each have a height of approximately 15 μm.

This enables a thin arrangement that can also be integrated into a composite pane or that can also be adapted to a curved surface.

In embodiments of the invention, the film has F. at least one material selected from the group comprising polyimide, polyurethane, polymethylene methacrylic acid, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, FR6, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, there is at least one electronic component EK on the side of the antenna structure ANT arranged.

In other words, given suitable proportions, electronic components can also be placed in an intermediate layer, for example, in a laminated glass pane VF be arranged.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, there is at least one electronic component EK (alternatively or additionally) on the side of the connection area ANT arranged.

This means that electronic components can EK close to the antenna structure ANT but also close to a connection area FROM to provide.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the vehicle window is a composite window, the vehicle window 1 furthermore being a second substrate GS2 having, the film F. (with other layers) between the first substrate GS1 and the second substrate GS2 is introduced.

That is, the slide F. can be introduced both on the outside of a pane and between substrate layers of a composite pane.

The second substrate GS2 can as well as the first substrate GS1 be for example a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. Basically all electrically insulating substrates which are thermally and chemically stable under the conditions of manufacture and use of the vehicle window according to the invention are suitable as a substrate.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a vehicle with a glass pane according to the invention, in particular a land, sea, air or space vehicle, is provided.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the glass pane according to the invention is used to receive signals for satellite-based navigation, in particular to receive GNSS signals from Navstar GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Beidou, Navic, QZSS. Alternatively or additionally, the glass pane according to the invention is used to receive signals from a mobile communication system, in particular a mobile communication system of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th generation.

Without restricting the generality, the vehicle window can be a windshield, a rear window, a side window or a roof window.

According to a further embodiment of the invention are at least between one of the side conductors L1 and the one in relation to the slide F. opposite conductor ground potential level GP one or more vias VIA - as in 4th indicated - arranged. The vias VIA can be arranged at a predetermined distance. Vias can also be used VIA in an analogous manner also with regard to the second lateral conductor L2 and the opposite ground potential level GP be provided. The distance can be based on the wavelength of the signals to be conducted. Furthermore, through such vias VIA the wave resistance of the connection structure GCPW1 , GCPW2 be adjusted. By means of the vias VIA an improved equipotentiality is also achieved over the expansion of the arrangement, so that the high-frequency properties can be further improved.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the connection structure GCPW 2 - as in 1 indicated - a connection area FROM for a high frequency electromechanical connector S. on. In particular, the high-frequency connection element S. have an SMA socket. The SMA socket can, for example, have an angular arrangement so that a low overall height is made available in the connection area. Typically, vehicle windows are used as a built-in part / replacement part with an electromechanical high-frequency connecting element S. equipped to enable quick installation and secure contact.

That is, unlike in the prior art, the antenna and one or more electronic components can now be brought closer to one another. In this way, the signal-to-noise ratio can be favorably influenced at an early stage.

In particular, the option of using so-called grounded coplanar waveguides GPCW1 , GPCW2 allows low-interference and / or low-loss transmission.

List of reference symbols

GS1, GS2

Substrate layer

LS1, LS2

Conductor layer

ANT

Antenna structure

GCPW1

Connection structure

GCPW2

Connection structure

ML

Center conductor

L1, L2

side ladder

GP

Ground potential level

F.

foil

hF

thickness

hLS1, hLS2

height

VIA

Via

S.

high frequency electromechanical connector

VF

Intermediate layer

KL

Glue

FROM

Connection area

EK

electronic component

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 20140176374 A1 [0007]
• WO 0022695 A1 [0013]
• DE 202006011919 U1 [0013]
• DE 202010011837 U1 [0013]
• US 9257747 B2 [0014]
• WO 2005/091827 A2 [0014]
• US 2008/0129619 A1 [0014]
• US 2006/139223 A1 [0014]
• DE 10129664 A1 [0014]
• US 5760744 [0017]
• WO 2016/162251 A1 [0017]
• EP 0608180 B1 [0017]
• US 5534879 [0021]
• DE 60306719 T2 [0027]

Claims (11)

Vehicle window pane (1), comprising a first substrate (GS1), a film (F) which has at least one first conductive layer (LS1) and at least one electronic component (EK), the film (F) having a film thickness (h _F ) between 100 µm and 10 µm, in particular 50 µm or less, wherein the first conductive layer (LS1) has structures that have an antenna structure (ANT), a first line structure (GPCW1), a second line structure (GPCW2) and a connection area ( AB), the electronic component (EK) being applied to the film (F), the antenna structure (ANT) being connected to the electronic component (EK) by means of the first line structure (GPCW1), the electronic component (EK) is connected to the connection area (AB) by means of the second line structure (GPCW2), the film (F) being placed around the first substrate (GS1) so that the antenna structure (ANT) is arranged on a first side of the first substrate (GS1) u nd the connection area (AB) is arranged on a second side of the first substrate (GS1), which is opposite the first side. Vehicle window (1) Claim 1 , characterized in that the vehicle window (1) has a ground potential plane (GP) in the area of the antenna structure (ANT) on the side opposite thereto. Vehicle window (1) Claim 2 , characterized in that the ground potential plane (GP) is provided on a second conductive layer (LS2). Vehicle window (1) Claim 2 , characterized in that the ground potential plane (GP) is provided as a conductive layer on the first substrate (GS1). Vehicle window (1) Claim 2 , characterized in that the antenna structure (ANT) has a dipole characteristic or a broadband characteristic. Vehicle window (1) Claim 1 , characterized in that the antenna structure (ANT) is a Vivaldi antenna. Vehicle window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electrically conductive layer (LS1) has a height (h _LS1 , h _LS2 ) of 10 µm-75 µm. Vehicle window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film (F) comprises polyimide. Vehicle window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic component (EK) is arranged on the side of the antenna structure (ANT). Vehicle window (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the electronic component (EK) is arranged on the side of the connection area (AB). Vehicle window (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna structure is designed to receive high-frequency signals.

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