DE19933302A1 - Supervision arrangement for rail-bound vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement includes several devices mounted on, at least two vehicle components (5, 7, 9, 11) of different type, for an automatic identification of the respective component, whereby an associated identification code (ID) is readable from the devices. A data memory (75) is provided, in which or from which condition data are written or read by means of the identification code, representing the condition of the respective vehicle component. A first component type is preferably a wheel (21, 23) of the vehicle (1), and a second component type an axle (5).

Description

The invention relates to a device for monitoring a track-bound vehicle, with several vehicle components attached means for automatic identification of the respective vehicle component, from the means for au automatic identification of the respective vehicle component an identification code assigned to this can be read out. The invention also relates to a wheel set with an axle and two wheels. The invention also relates to a ver drive to monitor a track-bound vehicle the means of automatic identification on vehicle components decoration of the respective vehicle components are attached, whereby from the means for automatic identification of the an identi assigned to each vehicle component fiction code is read out.

From "Brockhaus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Volume 5 , 1983 , a receiving-transmitting device known as a transponder is known, which operates according to the query-response system. A coded query signal received by the transponder is decrypted and according to the identifier and other information A coded response signal with the desired information, which is selectively intended for the interrogator, is then automatically transmitted, which is also automatically decrypted and evaluated by the interrogator.

In the German utility model DE 297 20 652 U1 an electromagnetic reflection device for automati identification of rails running on a track vehicles described. It is on each axle shaft Rail vehicle a stop at a distance from the center of the track device for receiving a loop antenna  NEN transponders fixed. With this facility is it is possible to use the wheel sets as gan on a rail vehicle to identify zes. A separate identification under different parts of the rail vehicle and in particular a separate identification of the components of a Wheelset, for example the axle, the wheels and / or the Brake discs is not possible with this device.

From a data sheet from Siemens AG, traffic engineering division, from February 1998 with the title "SOFIS axle ID with wheelset diagnose Hegenscheidt-MFD "is an identification system knows that a cuff tag attached to the axle for uses the wheelset recognition. With this system the Identi fication of individual vehicle components, especially the individual components of a wheelset, also not possible Lich.

At the Internet address https://www.siemens.de/vt.d/sofis/prbschr.htm was on May 31, 1999 a well-known ride under the name "SOFIS" Witness identification system described in the on the vehicle an identification sensor (data carrier, tag) is attached. This essentially consists of a surface wel len (SAW) chip and an antenna. The one with a piezoelectric absolute passive data storage media works without a power supply. If he is in the area of a Query beam comes, this query beam becomes the Sending the coded response required energy. The The identification code contained in the answer serves as a To Handle key for information connected to the vehicle nen.

The invention has for its object a device and specify a process by which an automated condition-based maintenance or monitoring of driving different types of track components Vehicles is possible.  

The device-related object is achieved in accordance with the invention in relation to a device of the type mentioned above,

• - That a data memory is available in or from which the status of the respective by means of the identification code Status data relating to the vehicle component can be stored are readable, and
• - That the means for automatic identification at little at least two vehicle components of different types are brought.

Each is under the means of automatic identification to hide markings that can be attached to a vehicle component hen, from which an Identi fiction code can be obtained. When reading the ID tification codes from the means for automatic identification adornment, this can be particularly active or passive hold. An active means of automatic identification is for example a transponder or a so-called RF Day. A passive means of automatic identification is, for example, a barcode or, for example, a punched mark on the vehicle component, the optical is readable or recognizable. In particular, the means of automatic identification optically reflective or designed to transmit electromagnetically.

The status data relate, for example, to operating data, In maintenance data, manufacturing parameters and / or test data. The condition data, especially the test data, were especially special while driving the vehicle, for example an online monitoring by Senso arranged in the vehicle ren, or during a stationary inspection in a maintenance attitude determined. The test data are preferably complete an ultrasonic test, an eddy current test and / or a vibration measurement has been determined.  

According to a preferred embodiment of the device, a first type of component a wheel of the vehicle and a second Component type an axle of the vehicle.

In particular, a component is a building subclass understood. The component type "wheel" includes for example, all wheels of the vehicle, regardless of whether it is a monoblock wheel or a wheel with a tire acts. The component type "axis" affects e.g. B. all axes of the vehicle, regardless of whether they are powered or not.

When repairing track-bound vehicles, Vehicle removed several vehicle components, but not it is guaranteed that these vehicle components according to Ab including their repair in the same vehicle be built. In particular, the wheels of a wheelset disassembled from the axle, and after a repairing loading work e.g. B. on the tread again to a new one Assembled wheelset. With the device according to the invention It is possible, even after such a reassembly of a vehicle or a wheelset to the specific zu Status data of the individual vehicle components, in particular of the two wheels and the axle, to access automatically, also if in the newly assembled vehicle or wheelset Wheels and axles are present that originally came from under different wheelsets or vehicles.

Preferably within the different components Classes or types all the same type existing in the vehicle Chen vehicle components of the respective type with a separate means for their automatic identification equips.

According to a preferred embodiment, there is a third compo a brake disc of the vehicle.  

To read the identification code from the means for au A reader can be used for automatic identification be automatically or by the maintenance personnel in the Brought the means of automatic identification becomes. The reader is in particular with the data storage wired or by radio.

According to a preferred development, one is a multiple drive Component components of the vehicle, in particular special one wheelset, another means of automatic Identification of the assembly assigned, using a identification codes read from the further means the vehicle components currently in the assembly are identifiable.

This further means provides a virtual key with which, for example, data can be called up, from which vehicle components the relevant assembly after going through several repair cycles in succession was composed in each case. Such a "composition history "is in the cause research after the one occurs security-related events, e.g. B. after an Un case, of importance.

In relation to a wheel set of the type mentioned at the outset, the above-mentioned underlying object according to the invention is also achieved by

• - A first automatic means attached to the axis identification of the axis,
• - A second means attached to one of the wheels for au automatic identification of the wheel and
• - a third means for au attached to the other wheel automatic identification of this wheel.

Such wheelsets can be repaired individually parts disassembled, repaired and then in others Combination can be reassembled and it is too  after assembly, an identification of each construction parts or components of the wheelset, namely the axle and of the two wheels, possible.

The wheelset according to the invention is particularly for a front suitable according to the invention.

The wheelset is preferably developed by an egg fourth brake means attached to the brake for automati identification of the brake disc.

The method-related problem is solved with a method of the type mentioned at the outset according to the invention in that

• a) that the relevant vehicle component state data that occurs while driving the vehicle or when ner inpatient review were transmitted under Ver application of the identification code in a data memory be filed, and
• b) that to determine a condition of each vehicle component that affects the safety of the vehicle could in one with the data storage in connection evaluation unit with the stored status data older state data can be compared.

This is advantageously largely automatic based condition monitoring or condition-based maintenance maintenance of the individual vehicle components possible. Example wise can by comparing the stored state data with older ones already stored in the data memory earlier Condition data an unacceptable wear condition be determined. By comparison, however, can also for example, it can be determined whether there are smaller interference signals, which, for example, with an ultrasound or eddy current test not clearly identified as a defect or crack could become, over time, the security of the Develop a defect or crack affecting the vehicle. There  is, for example, the service life of wheels and wheelset zen can be optimized and their operational risk minimized.

Therefore, the status data was preferably during the be driving the vehicle by ultrasound measurement, a measurement with eddy current and / or by a Vibration monitoring determined.

The data memory is also preferably in a central location Control room arranged. The data store can be accessed from there wired or by radio with a reader in conjunction stand in any place where the Vehicle during operation or during a repair currently located, communicating.

According to a particularly preferred further development, there is a wide range Data storage on at least one of the vehicle components arranged in which an extract from the status data is stored becomes. This means, for example, that particularly important Status data stored directly on the vehicle component are and therefore during operation or maintenance are immediately available without a data transfer binding with the, if necessary, arranged further away Data storage would have to be manufactured. Such important zu Status data are, for example, the mileage, the Type and time of the last maintenance or inspection and / or a wear condition characterizing Value number.

According to another preferred embodiment, the procedure with automatic identification means leads under at least two vehicle components different types are attached.

The method according to the invention is preferred for operation a device according to the invention and / or for monitoring a wheel set according to the invention suitable.

An embodiment of a device according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2. Figs. 1 and 2 are also used for explanation of the procedure according to the invention. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a track-bound vehicle and

Fig. 2 shows a wheel set of the track-bound vehicle of Fig. 1 with a device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a track-guided vehicle 1, in particular egg NEN railway train on a track. 3 The chassis of the vehicle 1 has four axles 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , which together with the respective two wheels form a total of four wheel sets. Until now, it was customary to provide the individual axles 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 and thus also the relevant wheel sets with a total of four means for the automatic identification of these wheel sets.

Fig. 2 shows the wheel 19, which has the axis 5. The water wheelset 19 includes in addition to the axis 5, a wheel 21 and another wheel 23rd In addition, 5 brake discs ben 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 are attached to the axis.

A first means 51 for unambiguous automatic identification of the axis 5 is fixedly attached to an end face of the axis 5 . A second means 52 for unambiguous automatic identification of the wheel 21 is fastened to the end face of the wheel 21 which is on the outside with respect to the travel path 3 and, like the first means 51 , is easily accessible there for service personnel. A third means 55 for unequivocal automatic identification of the other wheel 23 is located on its outer end face. The means 53 , 55 for automatic identification of the wheels 21 , 23 are attached to the respective wheel disc in example.

Total of the brake discs 27, 29, 31, 33, four fourth means 57, 59, 61, 63 automatic to uniquely identify the individual discs 27, 29, 31, 33 present.

Another means 65 for automatic identification of the assembly "wheelset 19 " is BEFE Stigt on a Radsatzbandarol 67 , which is suspended on the axis 5 .

The means 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 63 for automatic identification, hereinafter referred to as identification means for short, are, for example, transponders based on surface wave filters, RF tags (labels) and / or optically readable markings .

With the help of a reader 71 is from the identification means 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 63 on the individual vehicle components 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 a this vehicle components 5 , 21 , 23rd , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 uniquely assigned identification code ID can be read out without contact. Such a reader 71 can in the vehicle 1 , for. B. on a bogie, on track 3 and / or in a maintenance facility.

The reader 71 is connected to a data memory 75 via a data connection 73 , which is in particular a data line or a radio link. The data memory 75 is in turn connected to an evaluation unit 77 . The data memory 75 and the evaluation unit 77 are arranged in a stationary control station 79 .

With the aid of the identification code ID read from the respective vehicle component 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 , a memory location 80 can be controlled in the data memory 75 , that of the respective vehicle component 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 is assigned. In this memory location 80 , test data P can be stored, which were determined by an ultrasonic sensor unit 82 for the respective vehicle component 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 , in the example shown for the wheel 21 . With the aid of the identification code ID, the test data P stored in the memory location 80 can also be read out and displayed in a display unit present in the reader 71 or in the ultrasonic sensor unit 82 .

By means of the identification means 65 from the further read-out of the wheel set 19 are the identification codes ID mo mentan present in the set of wheels 19 wheels 21, 23 as well as the built-mo mentan axis 5 identifiable. Since each axle 5 and each wheel 21 , 23 of the rail vehicle 1 and in particular all wheels and axles of the vehicle fleet of the vehicle operator have their own identification code ID, it can be determined in this way, such as a wheel 21 , 23 or an axle 5 in Was used in the wheelsets of different vehicles 1 during their lifetime.

The test data P form part of the status data, which are stored in the associated memory location 80 for each vehicle component 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 . The condition data can also include information about manufacturing parameters and the history of operation and maintenance.

In the evaluation unit 77 , the test data P fed via a further data connection 84 to the data memory 75 are compared with test data already stored there at an earlier point in time, and a statement is made there about the safety of the vehicle 1, possibly impairing conditions and possibly spent.

In a structural unit with the means for automatic identification 53 , 55 of the wheels 21 , 23 , a further data memory 91 , 93 is arranged on the latter, in which an extract from the status data is additionally and redundantly stored for the respective wheel 21 , 23 . Such an extract concerns very important and particularly frequently required status data.

The further data memories 91 , 93 are arranged together with the means for automatic identification 53 , 55 on a common chip in each case.

The data connection 73 and the further data connection 84 can be implemented by one and the same line or radio link (eg also via satellite), e.g. B. also through an Internet connection. This also enables remote diagnosis of a vehicle component.

Claims (11)

1. Device for monitoring a track-bound vehicle ( 1 ), with a plurality of vehicle components ( 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 ) attached means for automatic identification of the respective vehicle component ( 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 ), the means for automatic identification of the respective vehicle component ( 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 ) an identification code (ID) assigned to it can be read, characterized in that

• - That a data memory ( 75 ) is present, in or from which by means of the identification code (ID) the status of the respective vehicle component ( 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ) can be stored or read out status data , and
• - That the means for automatic identification ( 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 53 ) on at least two vehicle components ( 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ) of different types are introduced.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a first component type is a wheel ( 21 , 23 ) of the vehicle ( 1 ) and a second component type is an axis ( 5 ) of the vehicle ( 1 ). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a third component type is a brake disc ( 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ) of the driving tool ( 1 ). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one of a plurality of vehicle components ( 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ) comprising send assembly of the vehicle ( 1 ), in particular a wheel set ( 19 ), a further means ( 65 ) for automatically identifying the assembly is assigned, the vehicle components ( 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 ,) currently present in the assembly being identified by means of an identification code (ID) read from the further means ( 65 ) 31 , 33 ) are identifiable. 5. wheel set ( 19 ), in particular for a device according to one of claims 1 to 4, with an axle ( 5 ) and two wheels ( 21 , 23 ), characterized by

• - A on the axis ( 5 ) attached first means for automatic identification ( 51 ) of the axis ( 5 ),
• - A second means for automatic identification ( 53 ) of the wheel ( 21 ) and attached to one of the wheels ( 21 )
• - a mounted on the other wheel (23) third means for the automatic identification (55) of this wheel (23).

6. wheelset ( 19 ) according to claim 5, characterized by

• - A fourth means for automatic identification ( 57 , 59 , 61 , 63 ) of the brake disc ( 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ) attached to a brake disc ( 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ).

7. Method for monitoring a track-bound vehicle (1), are attached to vehicle components (5, 7, 9, 11) means for the automatic identification of the respective Fahrzeugkompo component (5, 7, 9, 11) in which where in the means for automatic identification of the respective vehicle component ( 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 ) an identification code (ID) assigned to it is read out, preferably for operating a device according to one of claims 1 to 4 and / or for monitoring a wheel set ( 19 ) according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in

• a) that the respective vehicle component ( 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ) related status data, which were determined while driving the vehicle ( 1 ) or during a stationary check, using the identification code (ID) in a data memory ( 75 ) is stored, and
• b) that for determining a state of the respective vehicle component ( 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ), which could impair the safety of the vehicle ( 1 ), in an evaluation unit connected to the data memory ( 75 ) ( 77 ) the stored status data are compared with older status data.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the status data were determined during the operational driving of the vehicle ( 1 ) by an ultrasonic measurement, a measurement with eddy current and / or by vibration monitoring. 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the data memory ( 75 ) is arranged in a central control center ( 79 ). 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a further data memory ( 91 , 93 ) is arranged on at least one of the vehicle components ( 21 , 23 ) in which an extract from the status data is stored. 11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the means for automatic identification ( 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 63 ) on at least two vehicle components ( 5 , 21 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 ) of different types are attached.