DE1751915A1 - Process and device for the intermittent operation of liquefaction plants at storage facilities for liquefied natural gas - Google Patents

Process and device for the intermittent operation of liquefaction plants at storage facilities for liquefied natural gas

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Publication number
DE1751915A1
DE1751915A1 DE19681751915 DE1751915A DE1751915A1 DE 1751915 A1 DE1751915 A1 DE 1751915A1 DE 19681751915 DE19681751915 DE 19681751915 DE 1751915 A DE1751915 A DE 1751915A DE 1751915 A1 DE1751915 A1 DE 1751915A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
gas
liquefied
plant
liquefaction
during
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DE19681751915
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German (de)
Inventor
Friedrich Dipl-Ing Dr- Nistler
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EOn Ruhrgas AG
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Ruhrgas AG
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Priority to DE19681751915 priority Critical patent/DE1751915A1/en
Publication of DE1751915A1 publication Critical patent/DE1751915A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0248—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming, maintenance; Back-up mode or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

Verfahren Und Vorrichtung für den intermittierenden Betrieb von Verflüssigungsanlagen an Speichern für verflüssigtes Erdgas. Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum intermittierenden Betrieb von Verflüssigungsanlagen für Erdgas an Speichern, in denen das Erdgas in verflüssigtem Zustand bei sehr niedrigen Temperaturen von etwa - 162 0 C in gut isolierten, großen Behältern gespeichert wird. Bei großem Gasbedarf wird das verflüssigte Gas wieder verdampft und in gasförmigem Zustand in ein Gasversorgungsnetz abgegeben.Process and device for the intermittent operation of liquefaction plants at storage facilities for liquefied natural gas. The invention relates to a method for the intermittent operation of liquefaction plants for natural gas in storage facilities in which the natural gas is stored in a liquefied state at very low temperatures of about −162 ° C. in well-insulated, large containers. If there is a large demand for gas, the liquefied gas is evaporated again and released in a gaseous state into a gas supply network.

Die bekannten Verflüssigungsanlagen dieser Art haben einen erheblichen Energieverbrauch, der entweder aus einem öffentlichen Stromnetz oder mittels einer eigenen Primärkraftmaschine, z.B. einem Turbogenerator oder einer Gasmaschine gedeckt wird. In beiden Fällen Ist es vorteilhaft, die Verflüssigungsanlage in Zeiten hohen Strombedarfs im öffentlichen Stromnetz abzuschalten, denn bei Energieversorgung aus dem öffentlichen Stromnetz erfolgt dadurch eine Entlastung dieses Netzes, und bei der Energleerzeugung mittels einer eigenen Primärkraftmaschine kann deren Energie während des Stillstandes der Verflüssigungsanlage dem öffentlichen Stromnetz zur Verfügung gestellt werden.The known liquefaction plants of this type have a considerable Energy consumption either from a public power grid or by means of a own primary engine, e.g. a turbo generator or a gas engine will. In both cases it is advantageous to use the liquefaction plant during periods of high Switch off electricity demand in the public power grid, because with energy supply This relieves the load on this network from the public power grid, and when generating energy by means of its own primary engine, its energy to the public power grid while the liquefaction plant is idle Will be provided.

Die Verflüssigungsanlagen bekannter Bauart können zwar im Bedarfsfalle zur Entlastung der öffentlichen Stromversor-gung stillgesetzt C> werden. Eine solche Stilisetzun- ha# `edoch den Nachteil, daß unter Umständen sehr viel Zeit vergeht, bis naei, einein Stillstand wieder ein normaler Be'L"r,ieb.,izu-,-ttand erreich' wird. Diese Anlaufzeit von VerflüssigunL#sanlaL#en bekannter Bauar"-, die aus Verdichvern, WärmetauSchern, Entspai-ij-iiiii"-svorrich,;ui-i#--,eri (-Zur'kJ-#i-ien oder Drosselvenbileri) und eventuell tus ReLzerieratoren und TreniisU"ulel.L 'Jestütlen, ist- außer von der Wirksamkeit der Wärmeisolleruil,- auch noch in .3 erheblichem Maße von der Dauer des vorhergehenden Stillstandes abhängig, denn diese Apparate arbeiten im Dauerbetrieb bei Temperaturen, die tief unterhalb der Luft- oder*Umgebungstemperatur liegen. Während des Stillstandes erwärmen sie sich daher unvermeidlich.The liquefaction plants of known type can be used in case of need be shut down to relieve the public power supply. Such Stylization unha # `e has the disadvantage that a lot of time may pass until naei, a standstill again a normal Be'L "r, ieb., izu -, - ttand reach ' will. This start-up time of liquefaction # sanlaL # en well-known Bauar "- that from Verdichvern, Heat exchangers, Entspai-ij-iiiii "-svorrich,; ui-i # -, eri (-Zur'kJ- # i-ien or Drosselvenbileri) and possibly tus ReLzerieratoren and TreniisU "ulel.L 'Jestütlen, is except from the effectiveness of the heat insulation, - also in .3 considerable Dimensions depend on the duration of the previous standstill, because these devices work in continuous operation at temperatures well below air or * ambient temperature lie. They inevitably heat up during standstill.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, es durch eine besondere Betriebsweise.und die dazu erforderlichen zusätzlichen Einrichtungen zu ermöglichen, daß die Verflüssigungsanlage nach einem.Stillstand innerhalb kurzer Zeit von etwa 3 bis 10 Minuten, vorzugsweise etwa 5 Minuten, wieder ihren Dauerbetriebszustand mit voller Leistung erreicht und daß diese Anlaufzeit unabhängig ist von der Dauer der Stillstandszeit. Dies ist ein wesentlicher Fortschritt gegenüber bekannten Betriebeweisen und Bauarten von Verflüssigungsanlagen, denn Im Winter besteht in den meisten öffentlichen Stromnetzen das Bedürfnis, eine derartige Anlage nur während der Nacht zu betreiben, während sie im Sommer ununterbrochen betrieben werden kann, und im Frühling und Herbst ist es wünschenswert, daß sie wäkrend der Morgen- und Abendspitze des Stromve-,#,uuches, also 2 mal am Tage, für etwa 2 Stunden stillgesetzt wird.The present invention is based on the object of making it possible through a special mode of operation and the additional devices required for this purpose that the liquefaction plant returns to its continuous operating state with full after a standstill within a short time of about 3 to 10 minutes, preferably about 5 minutes Power reached and that this start-up time is independent of the duration of the downtime. This is a significant advance over known modes of operation and designs of liquefaction systems, because in winter in most public power grids there is a need to operate such a system only during the night, while it can be operated continuously in summer, and is in spring and autumn it is desirable that it be stopped for about two hours during the morning and evening peaks of the Stromve -, #, uuches, i.e. twice a day.

Das Verfahren der vorliegenden Erfindung ermöglicht es, di e bisher unvermeidliche Erwärmung der Anlageteile während des Stillstandes der Verflüssigungsanlage zu vermeiden bzw. die Anlageteile auf etwa Betriebstemperatur bzw. sogar auf eine noch niedrigere Temperatur durch Verdarnpfung von verflüssigten Gasen zu kühlen und dadurch die Erwärrnung zu kompensieren bzw. zu überkompensieren. Gegenstand der Erfindunzi ist ein Verfahren zum intermittierenden Betrieb von VerflÜssigungsanlagen fÜr Erdgas an Speichern, in denen das Erdgas in verflüssigtem Zustand bei Temperaturen von etwa - 162 0 C gespeichert wird, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß w2 -id des Stillstandes der Verflüssi",ungsanla,#;e in deren Anla die während des Stillstandes unter einem geringeren Druck stelien als während des Betriebes, verflÜssigtes Gas ',Deleit-et, wird, das in diesen Anla-.reteilei, verdampf t und dessen Menc;e derar-,; wird, daf. die bei seiner Jerdampfun.. verbrauchte i-.ieiiGe iiiiIidesGells etwa ebenso L#roll', ist i#ie die von den Anla,#eteilen aus der 1-"uf#;enoiiiiiiene Wärrieiiieiit#e. Nach einem weitereil 1"ierlo#.al der wird das zu -,ierdai#i-"-.'Leiide verflüssig'Cle Gas #en verschiedenen Anlaget-eilen der Verflüssigunf-sanla,##e Während des SuilIstandes steh-,; die 'Vei-.-olüssiL;uii..saiila",e iii, zii#!i im allgei,ieine,.-1 annähernd unte-L- und durch- das V."2rdair.-.-,fen der in die Anlajeteile ein--eleiteten verflüssi,-,#L-.e"i Gase werden die annähernd bei den tiefen "-e*"##l#eri, die sie im Duiiel-oeri>ieb haben 2-,iüsc--ei-#, eilie -e---*s-e ',;:--rriieiieii,1-e durch die von U-'e-.-, U1-..#--ei)uii" Es kailn s.3.-ar vorteilhaft sein, die Ar,",a-ra#;e de-1.- Verl'lüssiGtuijo,#iii-'L,a,#-,e durch diese l#.-e-Lliode noch -Giefer als bis zu ihrei, Arliei#L-.s2(-leiii,-)erailur im Dauerbe-GrieL,. Dieses Killilhal-Gen ll"D-,#arate kann im Falle --5es 71U-1, Erd-as fol:enden Gründei- o-'Iii-ie L-1 - #;erJen: Das Bedürfnis, dus öffen-Coliche St;ro#.,neGz durc'-r)- 17 t Vei-flüssi-un-,saiile-,.---e --u entlascen, -Gritt besonders in Zei en (Je.- sol#e.iaiinten S-itzenbedarfes auf, der einersei«Gs durch -ewohnheiten (-Lagessri-ktzeii), andererseits durch die Au£en-cei-.i,#-#err-%-uurei-i (Winterspitzen) -iiedin-t ist. Zu diesen Zeiten des Sni-zen*,De,#a-""es CJ im ist -e"ioeli auch die Gasab#3-abe im erf ahrunL;.j-c-,eiitäß sehr gro.#, und in extrei"ien Fällen wiri verflüssig-Lles Erd(-as durch ',-iärrie7,ufuhr wieder verdar,-,:-"'L-.; und in d2-2 Gasversor--it-i.--sne'Gz ab,#egeoen. Es ist daher kein wiruschaftlic.her Nachteil, wenn ein kleiner Teil des verflUssigten Gasvorrates in der still-ese»G"-teii Verflüssigungsanlage verdampft und dem Gasver- sorGungsnetz %-iiilrei-id solcher Spitzenzeiten zu:-eführt wir:--L, .,:#.ucii "roß ist, daß beträchtliche I.""e-n--en ##Lu-- wenn der Gasbedarf nichu den j.Dpeicher en'Unommen werden mÜssen. Zur Dürchführung des neuen Verfahrens wird erfindungsgemäß eine Vorrichtung benutzt, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die Anlageteile der Verflüssigungsanlage mit einem Vorratsgefäß bzw dem Speicher für das verflüssigte Gas durch Rohrleitungen verbunden sind, die'an sich bekannte Absperr- und Regelorgane zur Dosierung der jedem Anlageteil zufließenden Menge des verflÜssigten Gases enthalten und in denen mindestens eine Pumpe zur Förderung des verflüssigten Gases in die Anlageteile der Verflüssigungsanlage angeordnet ist, und daß mindestens ein Anlageteil der Verllüssigungsanlage mit einer Leitung zum Fortleiten des verdampften Gases verbunden ist, in der sich ein Absperrorgan, z.B. ein Ventil, befindet, das während des Betriebes der Verflüssigungsanlage geschlossen ist und beim Absinkeh des Druckes nach dem Stillsetzeil, der VerflÜssigungsanlage geöffnet wird.The method of the present invention makes it possible to avoid the previously unavoidable heating of the system parts during the shutdown of the liquefaction system or to cool the system parts to approximately operating temperature or even to an even lower temperature by evaporation of liquefied gases and thereby compensate for the heating or to overcompensate. The subject of the invention is a method for the intermittent operation of liquefaction systems for natural gas in storage facilities in which the natural gas is stored in a liquefied state at temperatures of about - 162 0 C , which is characterized in that w2 -id of the standstill of the liquefaction ", ungsanla , #; e in whose system the during standstill under a lower The pressure was during operation, liquefied gas', Deleit-et, that evaporates in this installation. will, daf. which during his Jerdampfun .. used up i-.ieiiGe iiiiIidesGells about as well L # roll ', i # ie is the one from the Anla, # part from the 1- "uf #; enoiiiiiiene warmth. After another ril 1 "ierlo # .al der that becomes -, ierdai # i -" -. 'Leiide liquefied'Cle gas #en different parts of the plant of liquefaction sanla, ## e During the stand, stand; die 'Vei -.- olüssiL; uii..saiila ", e iii, zii #! i in general, ieine, .- 1 approximately below-L- and by- the V. "2rdair.-.-, fen of the introduced into the system parts liquefied, # L-.e "i gases are approximately at the deep "-e *"## l # eri that you have in Duiiel-oeri> ieb 2-, iüsc - ei- #, eilie -e --- * se ',;: - rriieiieii, 1-e through that of U-'e -.-, U1 - .. # - ei) uii " It kailn s.3.-ar be advantageous, the ar, ", a-ra #; e de-1.- Verl'lüssiGtuijo, # iii-'L, a, # -, e through this l # .- e-Lliode still -Differ than up to theirs, Arliei # L-.s2 (-leiii, -) erailur in permanent be-GrieL ,. This Killilhal gene ll "D -, # arate can in the case of --5es 71U-1, Erd-as fol: end Gründei- o-'Iii-ie L-1 - #; erJen: The need to open-Coliche St; ro #., NeGz durc'-r) - 17 t Vei-liquid-un-, saiile -, .--- e --u discharge, -Gritt especially in Zei en (Je.- sol # e.iaiinten seat needs, which one is «Gs through habits (-Lagessri-ktzeii), on the other hand by the outside-cei-.i, # - # err -% - uurei-i (Winter peaks) -iiedin-t is. At these times of Sni-zen *, De, # a - "" es CJ in -e "ioeli is also the gasab # 3-abe in experienced; .jc-, usually very large. #, and in extreme cases wei liquefied-Lles Erd (-as through ', -iärrie7, ufuhr verdar again, -,: - "' L- .; and in d2-2 Gas supply - it-i .-- sne'Gz ab, # egeoen. It is therefore not an economic one Disadvantage if a small part of the liquefied gas supply is in the still "G" -teii liquefaction plant evaporates and the gas condenser care network% -iiilrei-id at such peak times: -we deliver: - L, .,: #. ucii "Big is that considerable I.""en - en ## Lu-- if the gas demand nichu the j. memory must be en'Utaken. To carry out the new method, a device is used according to the invention which is characterized in that the system parts of the liquefaction system are connected to a storage vessel or the storage tank for the liquefied gas by pipelines, the shut-off and control elements known per se for metering each system part the inflowing amount of liquefied gas and in which at least one pump is arranged to convey the liquefied gas into the system parts of the liquefaction system, and that at least one system part of the liquefaction system is connected to a line for forwarding the vaporized gas, in which there is a shut-off device, e.g. a valve is located, which is closed during operation of the liquefaction system and when the pressure drops after the shutdown, the liquefaction system is opened.

Am Beispiel einer Verflüssigungsanlage für ein Gas, das aus 86 Vol. % Methan, 2 Vol. % Äthan, 2 Vol. % Propan und 10 Vol. % Stickstoffbesteht, soll die Wirkungsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und einer zu seiner Durchführung beispielsweise geeigneten Vorrichtung näher erläutert werden. Ein Verdichter (1) 2 verdichtet das Gas auf einen Druck von 100 kg/cm . Das Gäs wird dann im Kühler (2) mittels Kühlwasser auf 200C abgekühlt und gelangt anschliessend in die Wärmetauscher (.3) und (4), wo es durch ein Kältemittel (z.B. flüssiges CO 2) und im Gegenstrom zu kalten Restgasen auf -80 0 C abgekühlt wird. In diesen Wärmetauschern und 4) wird bereits ein kleiner Teil des Gases verflüssigt und durch eine Rohrleitung (5) mit Entspannungsventil (6) in den Speicherbehälter ('() abgeleitet. Der nicht verflUsäigte Teil des Gases wird in einer Entspannungsturbine (8) auf annähernd Atmosphärendruck entspannt, wobei in der Turbine Nutzarbeit geleistet und das Gas so tief abgekühlt wird, daß sich ein erheblicher Teil des Gases im Abscheidebehälter (9) verflüssigt. Der verflüssigte Teil des Gases fließt durch die'Leitung (10) in den Speicherbehälter (7), während der nicht verflüssigte Teil'- das Restgas - durch die Leitung (11) in den Wärmetauscher (4) zurÜckstrÖmt, in dem er das Gas vör der Entspannungsturbine Das -nestgas wird dann einem Verbraucher zugeführt.Using the example of a liquefaction plant for a gas consisting of 86 % by volume methane, 2 % by volume ethane, 2 % by volume propane and 10 % by volume nitrogen, the mode of operation of the method according to the invention and a device suitable for carrying it out, for example, will be explained in more detail will. A compressor (1) 2 compresses the gas to a pressure of 100 kg / cm . The gas is then cooled to 200C in the cooler (2) using cooling water and then enters the heat exchangers (3) and (4), where it is reduced to -80 0 by a refrigerant (e.g. liquid CO 2) and in countercurrent to cold residual gases C is cooled. In these heat exchangers, and 4) a small portion is already liquefied gas and is discharged through a pipe (5) with expansion valve (6) into the storage container ( '() The non verflUsäigte part of the gas is approximately in an expansion turbine (8). Atmospheric pressure relaxed, with useful work being done in the turbine and the gas being cooled so deep that a considerable part of the gas is liquefied in the separating vessel (9) . The liquefied part of the gas flows through the line (10) into the storage vessel (7) while the non-liquefied Teil'- the residual gas - flows back through the conduit (11) into the heat exchanger (4), in which it is the gas expansion turbine the Vör the -nestgas then supplied to a consumer.

Wenn der Betrieb der Verflüssigungsanlage du-oh Jül-#.ilsetzen des Verdichters (1) und der Entspannungsturb4ne (8) unterbrochen -wird, sinkt der Druck in der Verflüssigungsanlagd auch vor der Entspannungsturbine auf annähernd Atmosphäreridruck, -und der Wärmestrom, der aus der Umgebung durch die Isolierung (ler Apparate in das Innere der Apparate eindringt, erwärmt diese Apparate und die dazugehörigen Rohrleitungen erheblich über ihre Arbeitstemperatur, die sie im Dauerbetrieb annehmen.If the operation of the liquefaction plant du-oh Jül -. # Ilsetzen of the compressor (1) and the Entspannungsturb4ne (8) interrupted -is, the pressure drops in the Verflüssigungsanlagd even before the expansion turbine to approximately Atmosphäreridruck, -and the heat flow from the If the equipment penetrates into the interior of the equipment through the insulation, the equipment and the associated pipelines heat up considerably above their working temperature, which they assume in continuous operation.

Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung läßt sich diese Erwärmung dadurch vermeiden, daß aus einem kleinen Vorratsbehälter für verflüssigtes Erdgas (12), der aus der Leitung (10) während des Betriebes gefüllt-wird, mittels einer Pumpe*(13) durch die Leitungen (14) und (15) kleine Mengen verflÜssigten Gases ständig oder in hinreichend kleinen Zeitintervallen in den Abscheidebehälter (9) und in den Wärmetauscher (4) gefördert werden. Durch bekannte, . Z.B. temperaturgesteuerte Regeleinrichtungen, werden diese Mengen so bemessen, daß die Apparate, aus denen die Verflüssigungsanlage besteht, während des Stillstandes nicht wärmer werden als im Dauerbetrieb oder sogar auf eine noch niedrigere Temperatur gebraant werden, was das Inbet--riebsetzen der Anlage nach Stillständen erheblich erleichtert.According to the present invention, this heating can be avoided by using a pump * (13) through the lines (14) from a small storage container for liquefied natural gas (12), which is filled from the line (10) during operation. and (15) small amounts of liquefied gas are conveyed continuously or at sufficiently small time intervals into the separating vessel (9) and into the heat exchanger (4). By known. For example, temperature-controlled regulating devices, these quantities are measured in such a way that the devices that make up the liquefaction plant do not get warmer during standstill than in continuous operation or are even burned to an even lower temperature, which means that the plant can be started up considerably after standstill relieved.

Das in den Apparaten der Verflüssigungsanlage während des Stillstandes durch Verdampfung entstehende Gas kann auf 2 Wegen abströmen: Einerseits entgegen der Richtung des zu verflüssigenden Gases durch die Entspannungsturbine (8), die Wärmetauscher (j) und (4) und anschließend durch ein Ventil (16), andererseits in der'gleichen Richtung, In der das nicht verflüssigte Erdgas während des Betriebes abströmt, also durch die Leitung (11), den Wärmetauscher (4) und durch ein Ventil (17). Dieser Doppelte Gasstrom kühlt auch'die Rohrleitungen, die die einzelnen Apparate verbinden. Während des Betriebes herrscht vor dem Ventil (16) der Verdichterdruck von 100 kglem 2 , und das Ventil (16) muß geschlossen sein. Während des Stillstandes kann man durch'geeignete Einstellung der Ventile (16) und (17) die beiden Gasströme so regeln, daß eine geeignete Teffiperatui#verteilung innerhalb der Verflüssigungsanlage erreicht wird. Es ist selbstverständlich, daß die technische Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dem Aufbau der Verflüssigungsanlage angepaßt werden muß. Insbesondere ist bei den meisten Verflüssigungsanlagen die Zahl der Apparate, die während des Stillstandes gekühlt werden müssen, erheblich größer als In dem angegebenen Beispiel, weil das Erdgas gewöhnlich noch CO 2 und Wasserdampf enthält, die vor der VerflÜssigung ausgeschieden werden müssen, was bei vielen Anlagen bei niedriger Temperatur erfolgt. Diese Reinigungsapparate werden dann zweckmäßig ebenfalls in das Rohreystem hinter der Pumpe (1-3) einbezogen; ebenso z.B. Trennsäulen am Schluß der Verflüsäigungsanlage, die eine weitgehende Trennung der Kohlenwasserstoffe vom Stickstoff im Restgas bewirken.The gas produced by evaporation in the apparatus of the liquefaction plant during standstill can flow out in two ways: On the one hand, against the direction of the gas to be liquefied, through the expansion turbine (8), the heat exchangers (j) and (4) and then through a valve (16) ), on the other hand in the same direction in which the non-liquefied natural gas flows off during operation, i.e. through the line (11), the heat exchanger (4) and through a valve (17). This double gas flow also cools the pipes that connect the individual devices. During operation, the compressor pressure in front of valve (16) is 100 kglem 2, and valve (16) must be closed. During the standstill, the two gas flows can be regulated by suitable adjustment of the valves (16) and (17) so that a suitable distribution within the liquefaction plant is achieved. It goes without saying that the technical design of the device according to the invention must be adapted to the structure of the liquefaction plant. In particular, in most liquefaction plants, the number of devices that have to be cooled during standstill is considerably larger than in the example given, because the natural gas usually still contains CO 2 and water vapor, which must be separated out before liquefaction, which is the case with many plants takes place at low temperature. These cleaning devices are then expediently also included in the pipe system behind the pump (1-3) ; also, for example, separation columns at the end of the liquefaction system, which cause extensive separation of the hydrocarbons from the nitrogen in the residual gas.

Die Pumpe (13) kann auch dazu benutzt werdenj als KUhlmittel ein anderes veffügbares verflüssigtes Gas als Erdgas in die zu k:Uhlende Apparatur zu fördern, insbesondere z.B. flüssigen Stickstoffg der wegen seines niedrigen Siedepunktes noch wirksamer kUhlt als etwa flüssiges Methan. Es ist jedoch in den meisten Fällen zweckmäßig, zum Kalthalten der Apparate verflüssigtes Erdgas zu verwendens weil in Zeiten, in denen der Strombedarf so hoch ist, daß das Stilltetzen der VerflÜssigungsanlage nützlich ist, auch gewöhnlich die Gasabgabe erheblich ist, so daß im günstigsten Falle durch das Verdampfen des Kühlgases sogar eine Entlastung der Vordampfungsanlage für das gespeicherte Erdgas eintritt.The pump (13) can also be used as a coolant to pump another available liquefied gas than natural gas into the apparatus to be cooled, in particular, for example, liquid nitrogen which, because of its low boiling point, cools even more effectively than liquid methane. In most cases, however, it is advisable to use liquefied natural gas to keep the apparatus cold because in times when the electricity demand is so high that it is useful to shut down the liquefaction system, the gas output is usually considerable, so that in the best case by the evaporation of the cooling gas even relieves the pre-evaporation system for the stored natural gas.

Claims (1)

Paten'L-.ansi)rüclie:
Verfahren zui-ii iiii-ermittierenden von ##.Liiii-sanlagen fÜr Erd,#as an 31-eichern, in denen das .711 'Zustand bei Temperaturen von etwa -ILO'2 C) dadurch daß während des Stillstandes der Verflüssi--un -saiila"-e in dereii AnlaGete.-Lie, die wälirend d(-"S Stillstandes unter eineiii gerin(-,-ei,en Druci-, alis #,J#Inrend ,',ü2 Betriebes, verflüssigtes Gas geleitet in diesen Aiila,-,ei#ei--len verdampft, und dessen derart- he-Ii-,essen, wird, daß die bei seiner Verdampfun., verbrauciite nlindestens e-L;#;a ebenso .ro1-1. i;-:-c, wie die von den Aniaü,#teilLt.:Ii dt#zUs der Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch -le'"ei-tii Liai# das -u verd-am-#fende verflüssigte Gas den i..n-"aj#-eüe2Lien der des A,nsprüchen 1 iind 2, dadurch #-,ekennzeichnet, daß die der Verflüssi,'#uii,1-s,aiila,-e mit eineiii Vorratsgefäß b-zw. dem Sneicher ze# #D ZD - für das verflüssi-,te Uas durch sind, #.D die an sich bekannte Absperr- urij n#I. der jedei-.i Anlageteil zuflie13t#.#n(1011 Gases enthalten und in denen inindesteiii ci-tie, zur Förderung des verflüssigten Gases in die Anlageueil## anlage angeordnet ist, und daß mindestens ein-Anlageteil der Verflüssigwi-sanlage mit einer Leitung zum Fortleiten des verdampften Gases verbunden ist, in der sic!- ein Absperrorgan, z.B. ein Ventil befindet, das während des Betriebes der Ver- flüssiGunjsanlage geschlossen ist und bei."i Ai)si"-iicen des Druch-es nach dem Stillsetzen der Verflüssigungsanlage geöffnet wird.
Paten'L-.ansi) rüclie:
Procedure for i-ii iiii-investigating ##. Liiii-sanlagen for earth, # as at 31-gauges, in which the .711 'Condition at temperatures of around -ILO'2 C) in that during the standstill the Liquefi - un -saiila "-e in dereii AnlaGete.-Lie, the tumbling d (-" S Standstill under oneiii little (-, - ei, en Druci-, alis #, J # Inrend , ', ü2 operation, liquefied gas passed into this Aiila, -, egg that the at least consumed during its evaporation eL; #; a also .ro1-1. i; -: - c, as that of the Aniaü, # partLt.: Ii dt # to the The method of claim 1, characterized in -le '"ei-tii Liai # das -u evaporating- # fende liquefied gas den i..n- "aj # -eüe2Lien the of the claim 1 iind 2, with # -, denotes that the Liquefi, '# uii, 1-s, aiila, -e with einiii storage vessel b-zw. the sneicher ze # #D ZD - for the liquefied Uas are through, # .D the well-known barrier urij n # I. which flows into every part of the plant #. # n (1011 Gas contained and in which inindesteiii ci-tie, to promote of the liquefied gas in the plant ## system is arranged, and that at least one system part of the Condensation plant with a line for conveying the evaporated gas is connected, in which sic! - a shut-off device, E.g. a valve is located that during operation of the liquid system is closed and at. "i Ai) si" -iicen of the druch-es is opened after the liquefaction plant has been shut down.
DE19681751915 1968-08-17 1968-08-17 Process and device for the intermittent operation of liquefaction plants at storage facilities for liquefied natural gas Pending DE1751915A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1114398B (en) * 1958-06-25 1961-09-28 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Electrical switching and control device for a drive unit consisting of an internal combustion engine and a step change gear, in particular for motor vehicles
EP0038673A2 (en) * 1980-04-17 1981-10-28 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus and process for delivering liquid cryogen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1114398B (en) * 1958-06-25 1961-09-28 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Electrical switching and control device for a drive unit consisting of an internal combustion engine and a step change gear, in particular for motor vehicles
EP0038673A2 (en) * 1980-04-17 1981-10-28 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus and process for delivering liquid cryogen
EP0038673A3 (en) * 1980-04-17 1981-12-30 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus and process for delivering liquid cryogen

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