DE1527596A1 - Cylinder block - Google Patents

Description

· "'. T' '! IArlW

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S 1077

Sundstrand Corporation, Rookford »Illinois» U * St.A ·

"Cylinder block"

The invention relates to hydraulic pumps

and motor units, and in particular on; in ~ n new and improved cylinder block for a hydraulic unit and on a process for the production of the cylinder block

In one type of hydraulic unit, many pistons in cylinders move back and forth in a rotating cylinder block "while fluid flows in and out of the cylinders through openings formed as arched passages" in a stationary valve, gjj That the cylinder block is facing each other. The cylinder block may radially arranged pistons have ^ n "wherein the cylinder and piston besü ^ Lich the axis of rotation of the cylinder block are arranged radially, odor aehslal arranged koi 'ben habea _f wherein the pistons and cylinders are formed parallel to the axis of rotation of the block la cylinder block, or the cylinders can be inclined radially and axially with respect to the axis. Mn eccentric, which is fixed with respect to the cylinder block, is usually used to move the piston back and forth and, depending on the position of the center and 4-way rotary axis, the cylinder block can be used the hydraulic unit with »several pistons can either be used as a pump» u »pumping hydraulic fluid under pressure, or used as a motor» to rub a load on «

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In the rotating cylinder block of the hydraulic Units »who have the aforementioned figurative properties» there are generally two areas of critical layer contact between the block and other parts of the hydraulic unit · The ine let the storage space between the Piston and the cylindrical bores in the block, and the

The second is the Xeger surface between the one! ade dos cylinder block and the fcatat-hand valve "opposite which the cylinder block is wired. 9 It is highly desirable that" this area "of the cylinder block is made of a suitable bearing material in order to ensure good maintenance Pistons and valves ΐΗ ^.-_, Λαχ of the cylinder block * to be guaranteed. However - "is often unprakiiec.U, doa cylinder block made entirely of © int ^j ma © - * ßßütön Iegerwerketoff h« vsti'll <ai »since this is the tißk« iit uad> ile Wäiiaeauodühium ^ is ^ enscJhaftön des

de hab «a ί \ ϊ% Aatx ^^ st'illor a tim -in« htf & v & uXUiUU '''± nhaXt vop ^ osehen »der:; \ · -StI ^ k *, · If. iiercHot, -lit iat _t wob 1

fabric h -...? ^ .- ii -.- iillt siii ^ i um üi «. f ^ -uS 'taktis Siv ^ .iiiöii · - «! α,? «* öi? jii hin, * ~ _t ""c ^ dta Xyiiödνχ'ϊϊohrviagen

tt- des Gl.itkoa-

^ n piston and rr \ »-ju» ti nl 'a ^ lag # r-

J & .i & vv &c't ^ ott horgesttllt uad & ü <* uiem - ¹ B ¹ Ie des Syliiwei ^ loeks aebcn dam the firmest "Vantii" ftÄtordaet iat mc! 41 »» * «t ^ faöt» about the

4 # s ai.> Iiscontacts between the block and the Valve & u irerbeeseffn * M when used

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the hydraulic units of the type described the operational normal conditions normally cause high stress. It is necessary that the bushings and the bearing plate be firmly connected to the cylinder block, us «in Loosening or deformation of the skins 1 »Avoid use, see below. Meanwhile the bushings and the valve plate with the cylinder block metallurgically through a new and improved process be connected »will be a more durable and long-lasting Cylinder block provided. Oils metallurgical compound becomes between the bearing material * made of the bushings and the la * Gerplate consist »and the bromine can be» and the high-strength steel »from which the cylinder block is made, the steel being a low-alloy or carbon tool steel can be "by the metals when they are in close contact with each other" under relatively low Pressure to be heated to a temperature »the straight Is Melting range of the agglomerate material and the melting range of the steel linder block is part of the Isgerwerkstoffs near the Grensfliehe in the steel diffused in »which is located near the green area ·

It is therefore "" in the first aim of this invention "" in Process to provide »after the various metals are connected be »by a hawk of the metal with the low Melting point near the boundary surface in a metal with Up to a higher melting point, "diffuses" from a length of metallurgical Connection su sciiaffen

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Another aim of the present invention is To provide a new and improved cylinder block with a bearing metal bushing in the cylinder bores connected to (the steel) »to reduce the frictional contact between the piston and the cylinder block * u and To improve the sliding passage between you · The bushings are connected to the cylinder bores without using a flux or a third connection material, wherein the connection consists solely of the diffused part of the bearing metal with the material of the cylinder block is entangled

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings will·

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cylinder block of the present invention, whereby the valve tilplatteneinspannkopf both ndea of the block t> rfaset, u * carry out the method of the present invention see below can;

Hg · 2 is an elevation of one thread of the cylinder block Fig. 1, which shows the valve plate and the cylinder passages arranged in a ring in it

Hg 3 is the elevation of the other end of the in Hg · 1 shown cylinder blooms, which shows how the cylinder liners are housed in the cylinder bores

Hg · 4 is a photomicrograph of the aetailurgiaihea Connection also includes the cylinder liners, the bearing plate and the cylinder block running along the front face of the two metals "has been recorded ι BAD

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31g · 5 let a diagram showing the diffusion of the Metals in the hold of the groom curses at dar vorlie end "xfindunß shows" taking the metals mentioned as examples were used;

Hg · 6 is a diagram similar to Hg · 5 that shows the diffusion of metals in the area of the boundary the present metallurgical link shows «see that ^ r ibt if a longer term is used than at the connection, which is shown as an example in Fig. 5}

Hg 7 iet a cross-section la section of a, Engine, in the hydraulic units with cylinder blocks of the present invention to be incorporated

In the fig · 1 »2 and 3 has an Aryan in general sylin · cylinder block is designated by the Besugsseichen 10 iet kerbvermahnt to a F & de tapered lst ₉ and inwardly at 12 in the middle of a bore 1I _9, a notch * take versahnte drive shaft and au detect · As shown, in dan cylinder block 10 nine Zylindorbohrungen 1 * formed in ringfirmiger arrangement whose axes are parallel sw center line of the bore 11. "the ZjUa * derbohrungen 14 are provided by aonaial check extending Durchlleeem 17t & U ^ Figure 1, with an end face 16 of the cylinder block in connection. Xn radial sighting laavxmalli dar Bclmmgam Vi SiAd closed Knd- s "hrun""tt 19 ia rinftfQrmigav Amcvdnumi about the center line" av Bohsuaf U aue * e * llde * ₉ as it is Aeirtlicher in 11 ". 5 left · The Bcmvusftsm 19 should · «accommodate Dmekfedern ₉

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which serve the cylinder block If gc ^ s via stationary valve to press the curved beside the ndflächö 16 of the cylinder blocks Io passages has · Ibenso eind bores 21 arranged in a ring around the center line of the bore 11 _t stand 22 with passages in conjunction _t which open towards the cylinder block 10 towards the flange 16 · Bio passages 21 are used to allow the escape of liquid

. wedges out of the space between the cylinder block and the Valve part (not inclined) and the ab fluor. d, x liquid in the direction of arrow 24 in Fit to allow · 1.

The cylinder block 10 described above - is used in a hydraulic motor with axially working pistons t in which the solenoids in the cylinder bores IA IiIn- and fro »when liquid tile- cylinder leaves the cylinder block through the right now and through this vende in dl "Cylinder enters _f as can be seen from Fig, 1" Usually the Koibtn (la dun Pie 1 to

) * 5 not joined from the left Nd® üer bores 14 and for t eat an oblique Kxtenter or TaumeIplatte which is fixed in • ENERAL besüglich ei ce Zylinderbloeka and serves to back üiu pistons in the bores 14 and hersubewegon "case, the hydraulic iahtiit works as a pump »a driving shaft detects the keyways 12 in the bore 11 and rotates the cylinder block opposite the valve, the twelfth arched passages that are constantly connected to the bores 14 la · while the cylinder block rotates, follow dl · Piston dear swash plate or the Kxsenttr Aasaufthuben «if the 2yliad * r bores over one of the

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go over arched passages in the fixed valve, and dor üatzenter pushes the piston into the pressure strokes Cylinder in when the cylinder passes through the other port look away to fluid under pressure through the other To promote passage in the fixed valve · When the hydraulic "unit works as a motor instead of a pump prints fluid that has been let into the cylinder under pressure, the pistons that slide on the eccentric and they cause a threat to the AeHe associated with the Block is serrated

The cylinder block 10 is made of a high strength steel such as a carbon tool-8taiii, a bearing steel, a tempered steel or a low-alloy steel · cylinder liners 30 are in each «, that of the cylinder bores IA- connected to the steel to make the Sliding contact rims of the pistons and the cylinder block Improve 10 by a procedure su that is below in details The cylinder liners can be made from (

an alloy of the base metals, such as about the Bron & en AMS 4642. Bino bearing plate $ 3 is with the connected ndflache 16 of the cylinder block and serves as Bearing surface »between the cylinder block 10 and the fixed valve · According to Hg * 2, the bearing plate has a ring * shaped and has a hole 34 in the Hitte, which is concentric with the through hole 11 in the cylinder block is, and has nine annularly arranged arched passages> 5, which with the aohsiale passages 17 la Cylinder block Io aligned and arranged in a ring

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Passages 56 are provided with openings 21 and 22 in the cylinder block in connection to leak liquid discharge, dl "wipe during operation of the hydraulic ^v content" of the! Face 40 of the! Bearing plate "Hg · 1, and de» valve (in fig · 3 not ge "Shows) escapes" The bearing plate 35 is made of a suitable bearing material, such as "Bronse" and is a typical Sulbe material that is used for the cylinder liners 50 · Obviously, the sliding contact between the cylinder block 10 and the fixed valve is made by the I " surface 40 of the bearing plate and not mediated by steel parts of the cylinder block »so that an improved sliding contact is effected» whereby the friction is reduced and the seal is improved.

The process of connecting the bearing plate 55 and the cylinder liner 50 to the cylinder block 10 will be described with a special reference to different metals from the Sahara. : It is understood that the principles are applicable to other metals that have similar properties * it is necessary that the surfaces to be connected are smooth and have the correct surface quality. For this purpose, the outer circumference of the bushings are smoothed out "wob-i the linebenholten and Hagleiohfb'rmigktiiten up to su one Hauh""it the order of magnitude of 16 rffis were removed" and dl "; the socket is so" dimensioned "that dl" tolerant of O "ooo? & £ on (o »^ co5 inches) as a loose fit or clearance up to θ _# θΰ ^ 5 * ca (π, οοχο inch)« Is Fresapasaun ^ in the 2 ^ 1country borehole, in the in> .- n end, ea Kontu'.t £> wioc i * n den, outer TJmXOnr. D © r growth © unu dt-r 009837/0163 BAD cr ^ iNAL

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Ensure surface area of the cylindrical bore 14 in the cylinder block au. The valve plate 33 is machined in such a way that its front and back surfaces are parallel to 0.027 cm (0.005 lach), the bond surface being flat to 0.0508 cn (0.0002 inch) and with the bumps and bumps & 1 icliförmigkuit < can be removed up to a roughness of the order of magnitude of 10 arms · The cylinder block 10 is machined so that the cylinder bores 14 are uniform

Surface, the roughness of the order of magnitude

nung is 3 ^ arms and the! end face 16 up to 0.000508 cm (0.0002 inch) is smooth and level, with an upper surface reuheii the size of 4 rms

Xa operation is a gripping head 30 is used to wipe during dee Connect "intimate contact" of the bearing plate 33 and the cylinder block 10 * ensure u · The ι inepannkopf beetuht from Winer first plate 51 'having a Klea & shallow ^, the dee, the rear end Blocks grasped by the asbestos disc ^ 4, and an ewelten Kl "" part 56, which has a Klenafläche Jf , which grasps the surface of the bearing plate by the Aabeetsoheibe 5β. The clover parts 51 and 56 are pressed by the bolaea # 0 and nut 61. Suitable ventilation openings (not socked) will in the small parts 51 and 56 and in the Aebustscheibtn Torg.aehea, mQ ** allow the escape from dea ^ yliniern IA and day drilling during the connection.

When preparing the Telia for the bonding process I understand that the holes IA and 21 in the

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Cylinder block before Verbundvorganu be left closed, and after connecting both the Durchläse "17 and 22 on" ndo of Cylind rblocks and dl .; snap openings in the bearing plate, and $ eat \ grooving in the surface 40 of the Leger part on werdon suitable vciso edited · β understood verifiable also that dii "bearing plate may initially have an outer diameter that is greater eats than the diameter of the cylinder block and, after dom joining w suitably Woine by spsnabhebundo processing to the diameter of Zylindorblocke brought ·

After the connection surfaces are sufficient, the surface oxides from the cylinder bores 14, i.e. smooth surfaces of the sleeves 30, the surface 16 of the cylinder block and the connection surface 45 of the laser plate 53, have been removed by any suitable method, such as by showering with the hand with the help of a suitable cleaning agent with ainom abrasive (such as a household cleaning agent) or oic washing liquor. The cylinder block 10 "the bushings 50 and the Vontilylatte 53 are then cleaned with ultrasound", vm all foreign substances * and Dntfurnon " This "Tcilu been then placed in ^ As in" tonbad _t ^ währloleton to g, the parts Dafi to Reisvorgeng sau "about are" the clamping chuck 56 to Roinigungsvorgang described above should be cleaned according ebunfalls ·

The sockets 50 are then made suitable by “ine go” tfresee pressed into cylinder 14 · The resulting The structure is then burnt back into the Axetonbed, in order to prepare the next work

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then gidagt on di "Aeb.stscheibe jQ on the swelten Klemmtuil, and then the cylinder block IC on dl" Before "is binäungsflsehe asked 45 of the bearing plate 33 · After the Kloamtell 51 and the asbestos disc 54 on the left end dee cylinder blocks has been laid" the cutter 61 is screwed onto the plank 60 _{a over} the parts of a unitary structure sueamensukleai & ea ·

The pressure between the bearing plate 33 and the

The cylinder block is initially about 140.6 kg / o « ² " (2,000 psi) ₉ with a Fehlurgrense Ton * 14.06 kg / cB (200 psi) t if clamping in the bundle feeder is before & enoeBen at ZiBSi «stampcratur, and pressure is applied to tone of the mother 61 Qrtthkraft dependent · the Masset from is wipe "in good intimate contact" to do joint surfaces · Jier initially occurring pressure decreases 0ICh ₉ as the Verbündt ".mperatur the tent changes by Fest! Jc t! It sr erluet and wandering under the load of the steel bulzena, which holds the file by the seed

The pressure at the intermediate surface of the bushing and the bore is initially a function of the fit of the bushing in the bore, of the elasticity of the materials from which the block and the bushes are made, and of the penetration ₉ and can depend on the strength of it fit in the above range depending on η · The scale plumb a good, flush «fit, where the pressure«} from zero to »ur knit» gr riss «dr bushings rtjich« n, dio at 1270 kg / cm (ΙΘγοο pol )

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The higher _{expansion coefficient of the bearing inserts 9 is} important because it ensures a greater expansion of the inserts in order to maintain a pressure between the bearing insert and the wall of the cylinder bore during the connection.

Although three compound circuits are described below in the uinsi Inen "using various Bronsela & erallels and steel oil blocks, it is pointed out that the principles of compounding apply to the compounding of other different metals which have similar properties" but it has been found that The specific tones of Stahl and Bronsen replace a preferred connection. The compound claw is caused by increasing the temperature of the bearing metal "d" h of the bushings and the valve plate 33 "right up to the melting point area of the bearing metal, so that part of the bearing metal is liquid is "This temperature corresponds to the auetentlele ~ Governing temperature range of Sylindorblocks, dor of course feet is · in conjunction circulation are not FlußmitteI _3, binder od <he other Zwlschenetcffe used · the tempera- 'tures and tents for joining eo are set and bcetiiust, that the pre- binding only within uqb 8ch®slB ~ area dea lager metal expires _? in that "the tolerable" temperature for the exhaustion of the cylinder block and possibly the subsequent direct hardening is maintained "aot.ass oint; (Jbtirhiiauafe od «- r Vorcroberung is prevented« By the Lagesmotall partially liquefied wii ^ d ^ occurs <-lru Dii'i'ualon dos Τ * ^ βΠΒ * Ί-ι11π in the Y'ih ·, · the Or; α β «fliiciif in«

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In the first example, the cylinder block is ordered from AZSI E52100 * steel (see appendix) and the cylinder liners 50 are made from Sandguaa, Zeatrlfugalgues or precision deformed AMS 4842 * provided a kiln and to 704 ± 15.9 ⁰ C (1500 ⁰ £ 25 V) · preheated for a period of at least "half an hour Then, the structure at 857 * 8.33 ⁰ C (1575 * 15 ⁰ F) , and swar for a period of approximately two to two and a half hours for cylinder blocks whose diameter is less than 8.89 ea (3 # 5 inches), and for three to three and a half hours for cylinder blocks © _t the diameter is greater than 8, 69 cm (3.5 inches) · An endothermic · atmosphere, which is adjusted to a carbon potential and which is indifferent to the base steel, is kept in the oven during the ice and cooling zone · In the example the dew point for the Atmosphere »between 30 and 35 · Dana starts with de Cooling started by lowering the temperature of the structure to 704 $ 8.55 ⁰ O (1500 * 15 ⁰ F) for swsi to swel and a half hours «Is transferred to an area above an oil quench tank, which» is ^{heated to ζ · Β · 149 to 177 0} O (500 to 35O ⁰ JT), where the structure is cooled by the atmosphere for at least half an hour * taken out of the oven, and the * cooling continued at the simmer temperature door · The steel cylinder then has a Loakwell hardness C between see and five

The atmosphere is important insofar as no flux or other third substances would be used in the compound, the body must be kept clean and non-oxidizing conditions will. Since r was ütsradu available, a standard-undothurmisch r furnace was generally used, and or has ut for JrTOduktionszwv.cke _u zuarbeitet enough. The . endothermic gas atmosphere in dur-like 'fan has r *? du- »ating © effect and is tfnst offpotunti & ls be £, cn with the help of a carbon. The ice-unsalted tulle of the structure was neutral, which was connected. The pressure only needs to be a little above atmospheric pressure to safely avoid leaking into the oven.

In the second example for the Yerbundkr "ialauf, the door cylinder block" t "us dta atahl A-6 ⁴ and for La ^ orplattvn and cylinder bezel from the cast ALiS 4842 * verv / ldot. After the cylinder block has been removed from the Blaso, the cylinder block structure is preheated to 70 * * 13 _t 9 ° C (1300 * 25 ⁰ F) for a period of at least one hour. Then the structure is ^{heated to 857 * 6.35 0} C (1575 * 15 ⁰ F) for about two to two and a half hours, depending on the dwB, which of the above-mentioned sizes the Blttoko have. ^ E an atmosphere is provided, dio where the atmosphere used in the first method is similar to that described above. This completes the connection, and the structure is immediately cooled, us did conversion and a harnessed structure is produced

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Annealed for two and a half hours at 260 * 5.6 ⁰ C (50C * 10 ⁰ P), and the calibrated block hardness is 50 and Rockwell C * The oven is similar to the oven mentioned above

In the third process, the steel AX3X H521QO * is used for the cylinder block "dorsolbe as in the first process described above" and bronze cylinder bushes and bearing plates made of cast AUS 4842 · At the beginning, the complete cylinder block construction is done in a vacuum, up to less than three micrometers of mercury 316 ± 5.6 ⁰ C (600 * lO ⁰ F) degassed · D · * composite furnace is then refilled with dry argon, produce below a nichtoaydierende atmosphere "whose pressure is just over dam air pressure ·? m is any neutral gas used »wiu as neon» nitrogen or helium · the pressure should "be above the vapor pressure of the most volatile component, such as lead in leaded bronze" Then the Zylinderblookaufbau for wenigstons eino half an hour to 704 * 13 "9 ⁰ C (1300 * 25 ⁰ P) · Then the structure is heated to 871 * 8 ₉ 33 ⁰ C (1600 * 15 ° F) for two to two and a half or three to three and a half hours »depending on the oil flow of the cylinder block * »the word η mentioned above» and then the structure is cooled down to 704 & 13.9 ⁰ C (1300 * 25 ⁰ P) for up to two and a half hours. Cooling continues "by di *> temperature builds up in four hours from 704 to 538 ⁰ C (1300-1000 ⁰ P) is reduced in hourly increments of 56 ⁰ C (100 ⁰ P)" Dunach is cooled, the structure at ZimmurtuKperatur whereupon he learns from the ar., ontitdoe ofens ι nt ·

BATH

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Ander® steel ο for the cylinder block are more satisfactory Tested in a manner »using the procedures described above« These steels are among others AISI 45 * 0 * and AISI 4140 *

The specific examples of the above methods are the type of steels and bearing metal used adjusted _t and the regions of the composite temperature are determined by the ρ physical Figensohaften of the bearing metal in the sleeves, the plate and the steel of the Zylinderblockβ · To au the broad scope of the present method "The various metals must have been used in pairs so that if an acceptable range of austenitizing temperature is provided for the steel cylinder block, partial but not complete melting of the bearing alloy is achieved. Slightly lower temperatures are used" if the steel in the cylinder block is not is to be cured odor trap he later be cured by a method other Soll ₉ wiu as hard "storage of certain parts of the block ·

Fib · 4 shows a microphotograph of the resulting connection at 500-fold magnification. "Bas! /" Tall below the borderline 60 is mainly the Βγοπε © in the bearing plate or the cylinder liners "and the part above the interface 60 is mainly the steel of the cylinder block ». The photomicrograph is a »recording! the interface between a steel ΑΓ3Ι ^ 2100 *% from the cylinder block boetoht, and a Broaae MAB 4842 *, also which the La & urplattt 'odor cylinder liner brushes, but looks off -

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Similar photomicrographs are obtained using other similar metals mentioned above are · You can see that part of the Bronse is about the The boundary surface diffuses, as is the light area 61, while the connection liquefies the bronze great, including the part that is near the Interface 60 is, the Bronse then being metallurgical is in the liquid state called "alpha plus", while the steel is in an austenitic g State, and the liquid copper enters the bronce over the interface 69 and flows into the crystal structure doa 3tahls by filling defects in the Msenßlttor, creating a close metallurgical bond · something fisen may diffuse into <il * Bronze, but this is not shown · The one shown in Pig · 4 Connection line is uninterrupted and does not contain any foreign substances

Been in don FIG · 5 and 6 1st tie diffusion of Teilun of the metals represented graphically on the Qrensfliehe as t by eiae electronic Mikroeondenanaljte detected 1st · Hg · 5 illustrates a Vorbundselt of one hour and "wanzig minutes at 857 ⁰ O (1575 ⁰ V), while the Hg 6 represents the diffusion after three hours of composite ^{selt at 857 0} O (1575 ⁰ I), where Ia was used in both cases dls Bronse AUS * 6 * 2 ⁴ and the steel AXSX ⁴ $ 2100 aim fig It can be seen that for a compound cycle in an hour and "twenty minutes the copper la of the bronzes through the surface" wipes the metal into the

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Staiil to EU oiner low: voa drüiJiig! / 'Ikroraillimetem diffused into it is · In the Pig · 6 is when used dee Compound cycle of three hours, which liquefies o Copper up to 60 microns or even further from that Metal & ronzflach © in the steel hlneindiffundiort ·

In dor Fig · 7 oin hydraulic Tri eats bwerk represents-B "ißteilt that hydrauliache 'iaheiten with the axial piston, and in that the associated TÄgerplatten 33 and verbundenon cylinder liners have been fitted in dtn cylinder block 10 30, as ea in connection with don Pig · I to 3 has been boschrlubon · The same Bozugaz'jichcn in Pis · 7 denote the same parts that are in the Pi ,,. 1 to 3 are shown · The hydraulic drive, which is generally designated with the Btizugazoichen Bo, consists of

achaiulon piston pump 61, which is arranged with respect to uin'js achei - Kolbanmotore Qd koachsinl and gogon acting · Since the pump and motor are similar, their individual files are described in connection with the pump «81 ·; in wheel 66, which is driven by a suitable drive machine, is attached to a drive "» "Ho 87 and drives the nozzle, and the shaft is rotatably mounted in bearings 89 and 90 · Di0 driving shaft 87 is cage toothed at 92 To drive the rotating cylinder block 10: in the fixed x * enter 93, olnu schiffe has surface 96 which moves the pistons 98 back and forth in the composite, now cylindrical bushes 30 the foe "<nt he $ 9

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By the driving shaft turning and the Actuates cylinder and piston as they rotate »moves the ex-nter 95 moves the pistons 98 back and forth and during the On the suction stroke of the pistons, liquid enters the steel part of the cylinder block through passages 17 and through passages 35 in the connected bearing plate From an arched inlet opening 1a of a valve 102, both the pump 81 and the motor 82 enter carries · During the pressure stroke of the piston, I flows

Liquid under high pressure through an outlet opening la Valve 102 and drives the piston or motor 82 on what the Rotation of the cylinder block of the motor 82 causes and thereby the output shaft 10 * and the output gear ■ it rotates. Hydraulic fluid from the motor 82 surUokkoavjt «flows through the arched inlet opening in Valve 102 "which is located opposite the outlet opening" and the fluid returns to the cylinder in the Puapenaotor * lock 10 back when the pistons are in move to the right · springs 110 «the holes 19 below» ( are burned «press the pistons against the ex * eater and a spring 111 presses the cylinder block and the bearing plate 33 against the valve 102

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A If H A N G

01 · Assembling each material used for the cylinder block described is as follows

element

- 0.75
1.80 0.15
0.025
0.20-0.50
0.85 - 1.15
ItOO - 1.50

AISI 52100 (HS 10.05-olA)

0.38 0.65 0.0 * 0 0.040 0.20 0.70 0.20 1.65 -

• 0.43

• 0.85 max. Sax «

• 0.35

• 0.90

• 0.30 '2.00

AISI 52100 (AMB 6440)

C. 0.92 - 1.02 0.95 - 1 * 10 Mn 0.95 - 1.25 0.25-0.45 P. 0.025 aas. 0.025 aax. S. 0.025 aax. 0.025 «ax. Sl 0.5 ^ - 0.70 0.20 - 0.35 Cr 0.90 - 1.15 1.30 - 1.60 Mon ■■ »■■ Nl - AISI A-6 AISI 4340 AISI 4140 (MS 11.14) OMS 6415) (AMS 6382)

0.36 - 0.43 0.75 - 1.00 0.040 max φ 0.040 max.

0.20 - 0.35 0.80 - 1.10 0.15 - 0.25

The Composition of Every Lo & erworkatoffa AMS 4342 is the following

Cu - 77 / oil
Za - C, 75 max.
F · - 0 · 15

3tt - 9 /

- 0.50 max » " 0.05

Pb - 8 / Sb - 0.20 max * Al - 0.005 max »

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Claims (8)

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A method for joining different metals, in that the surfaces of the metal tubes which are to be joined are smoothed in the f et en state, and the surfaces of an iodine metal which are to be joined are cleaned, the surfaces , which are to be connected to one another, are brought into close contact with one another, and the metal during the close contact is brought to a temperature which is above the melting point of the metal with the lower melting point and below the melting point of the other metals , during a period of time sufficient to cause the diffusion of the metals with the lower melting point la the metal with the higher melting point, and the bonded metals are cooled. 2 · ferfahr a according to claim 1, characterized in that the metals are mixed together with steel and a base metal alloy, and the connecting surfaces under a pressure of less than 21O ₉ 9 kg / · " ² (5000 pel) g <4i contact can be made 3 · Method according to claim 2 or 3 »marked by * refuses, dsl the -rwärmuagsseit dasu, one At least 10 microallmeters * thick diffusion dee liquid Part of the metal cause the other metal part that has the lower melting point BATH ORIGINAL 009837/0163 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 2, characterized in that the metals are made of low-alloy carbon steel and bronze, the metals being heated during close contact to a temperature sufficient to achieve an austenitic condition in iSteel and partially in a liquid η state in the bronze to be produced 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the surfaces unt r are a pressure of about 140.6 KSS / cm (2000 pai) in s ^ m are contacted, said metals, while ei "unt rd» m pressure , be preheated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere between 677 and 752 ⁰ C (1250 - 1350 ⁰ P), and that metal, for the duration of at least one and a half hours in a non-oxidizing atmosphere between ÖO and 885 ⁰ C (1550 - 1625 °?) are heated , and the metals for a period of approximately swi) l hours between 649 and 732 ⁰ C (1200 - 1550 ⁰ F) ß - are cooled 6 procedure according to each of the preceding claims, gekennzeiolinet that metallic bearing bushes with cylindurn υinuβ metallic cylinder blocks for a hydraulic unit can be connected, the cylinders and the outer sides of the bearing bushes being smoothed and cleaned and the bushings in the cylinder dl · als Fres8peseungtt> eingoeetat been before the metals be warmed to dl · temperature for dl time, the Tent is sufficient to allow partial diffusion of the bearing metal Into the cylinder block BATHROOM UHiGINAL 009837/0163 8 1077 7. Method also according to claim 6, characterized in that the block is heated by a tarpaulin which is sufficient to cause the bearing metal to be about 20 MicromilUmeters of the cylinder block diffused here 8 · Procedure according to any of the Yoraagegangeaen Claim «», characterized in that a flat metal bearing plate Hydraulically connected to the metal cylinder block with reciprocating pistons , which has a fixed valve part, ft eg en the | the cylinder block threatens «with the bearing plate against the ade of the cylinder block «is clamped in before heating lie next to the fist-sounding valve, and the Plattd and the block while they are clamped, ew until the diffusion of the metals is perpendicular to the surface of the grease a metallurgical connection creates 9 · Cylinder block for a hydraulic content bit reciprocating piston, thereby gekenaseiohnet that the Block made of a metal that is highly effective has, whereby the block has an appearance r has bores that are intended to be used, to and fro dog pistons on the sun, the plüselgkelt from the hydraulic promote unit, and has bushings made of an iA ^ uriaetall of low strength, those in the syllndri bore «η are connected with dome steel are, wherein the · compound consists of the metal that of the bushes through the grain surface between dun bush η and diffuses through the cylinder block BATH 009837/0163 8 1077 10 * cylinder block according to claim 9 »characterized« that the block made of carbon steel and the Bushings are made of a base metal alloy 11 · cylinder block still claim 10 «characterized that the base metal from the boundary diffused into the steel about thirty microns. 12 · Cylinder block according to claim 10 or 11 «characterized« in that the basic motor consists of bronze and which diffuses part of the base metal copper 13 · Cylinder block for a hydraulic unit with reciprocating pistons «characterized by that it has a metallic block "the cylindrical one Holes has «directed towards an in the wosontliehen flat valve surfaces are open, and a bearing plate made of base metal has "di" - metallurgically with the block surface is connected «whereby the connection consists of a part of the metals« created by the interface between the bearing plate and the block surface are diffused through 14 * cylinder block for a hydraulic Kinhoit with Koibvn back and forth according to claim 13 « in that & ekennz <rejects "the fact that it has sockets" are made of a bearing metal of lower strength and which are connected to the steel of the cylinder bore «η« where the compound from the metal b. stands «<ion from the Sockets through the interface between the beech and the Cylinder block diffused through Int. Bau ü .- '.: iiiNAL 009837/0163 -25 - 8 1077 Cylinder block according to claim 13 or 14, characterized characterized in that the block is made of steel and the bearing plate is made from Bronse 16 «cylinder block according to claim 15, characterized in that that the copper of the outer bronze bearing plate is about 30 tükrorailliiieter let the steel in «· is diffused 17 · Cylinder block according to claim 12 or 16, characterized in that the diffused part of the copper over a distance in the range of 30-60 UikroBllllaeter extends from the interface into the steel 18 processes for joining different metals, characterized by "that it arboitut Ib essentially as described" wob.i Besug on the accompanying drawings genosffi <; n will 19 · Cylinder block, characterized in that it is manufactured and arranged, essentially like Description works, taking into account the enclosed in don Drawings shown represent execution for the purpose will· 009837/0163