DE102019119223A1 - Method and charger for power supply with a three-phase transformer - Google Patents
Method and charger for power supply with a three-phase transformer Download PDFInfo
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- DE102019119223A1 DE102019119223A1 DE102019119223.4A DE102019119223A DE102019119223A1 DE 102019119223 A1 DE102019119223 A1 DE 102019119223A1 DE 102019119223 A DE102019119223 A DE 102019119223A DE 102019119223 A1 DE102019119223 A1 DE 102019119223A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/297—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal for conversion of frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/4807—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode having a high frequency intermediate AC stage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0064—Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betr. ein Verfahren u. Ladegerät zur Einspeisung von Strom in ein Versorgungsnetz, bei dem das Versorgungsnetz an einen ersten Matrixumrichter angeschlossen wird, bei dem der erste Matrixumrichter mit einem Drei-Phasen-Transformator verbunden wird, bei dem der Drei-Phasen-Transformator mit einem Umrichter verbunden wird und bei dem der Umrichter mittelbar an eine Batterie angeschlossen wird, wodurch sich eine Versorgungsnetzseite und eine Batterieseite des Drei-Phasen-Transformators ergeben, bei dem der erste Matrixumrichter und der Umrichter mit durch Steuerung gesteuerten Schaltelementen ausgestattet werden, welche bidirektionalen Energiefluss ermöglichen, bei dem der Drei-Phasen-Transformator in einem Betrieb Streuinduktivitäten aufweist, wobei auf der Batterieseite dem Drei-Phasen-Transformator mind. ein integriertes Speicherelement zugefügt wird, wobei durch die Streuinduktivitäten und/oder durch das mind. eine integrierte Speicherelement während einer Einschaltzeit eines jew. Schaltelementes des Umrichters elektr. Energie gespeichert wird, wobei die gespeicherte elektr. Energie während einer Ausschaltzeit des jew. Schaltelementes des Umrichters, sowie während einer Einschaltzeit eines jeweiligen Schaltelementes des ersten Matrixumrichters zu einer Spannungsüberhöhung auf Versorgungsnetzseite führt und sich durch Stromeinspeisung ins Versorgungsnetz abbaut.The invention relates to a method and charger for feeding electricity into a supply network, in which the supply network is connected to a first matrix converter, in which the first matrix converter is connected to a three-phase transformer, in which the three-phase Transformer is connected to a converter and in which the converter is connected indirectly to a battery, resulting in a supply network side and a battery side of the three-phase transformer, in which the first matrix converter and the converter are equipped with control-controlled switching elements, which Enable bidirectional energy flow in which the three-phase transformer has leakage inductances in one operation, with at least one integrated storage element being added to the three-phase transformer on the battery side, with the leakage inductances and / or the at least one integrated storage element during a switch-on time a respective switching element of the converter electr. Energy is stored, the stored electr. Energy during a switch-off time of the respective switching element of the converter, as well as during a switch-on time of a respective switching element of the first matrix converter, leads to an increase in voltage on the supply network side and is reduced by feeding current into the supply network.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zu einer Netzeinspeisung durch ein Ladegerät einer Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeuges. Ferner wird ein Ladegerät, mit dem diese Netzeinspeisung ermöglicht wird, vorgestellt.The present invention relates to a method for feeding into the network through a charger for a battery of an electric vehicle. In addition, a charger that enables this power supply is presented.
Für das Laden von Batterien aus Elektrofahrzeugen stellen Ladestationen entweder Gleichstrom oder Wechselstrom bereit. Beim Wechselstrom laden wird normalerweise ein im Elektrofahrzeug mitgeführtes Ladegerät, ein sogenannter On-Board-Charger, verwendet. Der On-Board-Charger erzeugt eine Gleichspannung bzw. einen Gleichstrom zum Laden der Batterie. Seine Eingangsspannung bezieht er aus einer sogenannten Wallbox, die bspw. von einem Energieversorger an einer Ladestation zu Verfügung gestellt wird. Allerdings ist ein Eingangsspannungsbereich des On-Board-Chargers begrenzt und muss vorsorglich bzgl. verschiedenphasiger Wechselspannungssysteme, bspw. einphasig oder dreiphasig, ausgelegt sein. Weiter nachteilig ist auch, dass beim Wechselstromladen mehrere Wandlerstufen eingesetzt werden, mit jeder Wandlerstufe aber ein elektrischer Verlust einhergeht. Beide Ladestandards benötigen separate Installationen von Ladegräten, die jeweils auf Anforderungen der Elektrofahrzeuge bzw. Spezifikationen der Energieversorger zugeschnitten sein müssen. Hohe Installationskosten sind die Folge.Charging stations provide either direct current or alternating current for charging batteries from electric vehicles. When charging alternating current, a charger carried in the electric vehicle, a so-called on-board charger, is normally used. The on-board charger generates a direct voltage or a direct current to charge the battery. It draws its input voltage from a so-called wallbox, which is made available, for example, by an energy supplier at a charging station. However, an input voltage range of the on-board charger is limited and must be designed as a precaution with regard to different-phase AC voltage systems, for example single-phase or three-phase. Another disadvantage is that several converter stages are used for alternating current charging, but an electrical loss is associated with each converter stage. Both charging standards require separate installations of charging devices, each of which has to be tailored to the requirements of the electric vehicles or the specifications of the energy providers. The result is high installation costs.
Beim Gleichstromladen, welches auch als Schnellladen bezeichnet wird, wird die Gleichspannung bzw. der Gleichstrom direkt von der Ladestation zur Verfügung gestellt und kein On-Board-Charger benötigt. Obwohl letzterer ein zusätzliches Gewicht darstellt, wird er in dem Elektrofahrzeug aber mitgeführt, da prinzipiell auch das Wechselstromladen möglich sein soll. Auch beim Gleichstromladen kommt eine Mehrzahl von Wandlerstufen zum Einsatz.With direct current charging, which is also known as fast charging, the direct voltage or direct current is provided directly by the charging station and no on-board charger is required. Although the latter represents an additional weight, it is carried in the electric vehicle, since in principle AC charging should also be possible. A large number of converter stages are also used for direct current charging.
Vorteilhaft verwendet die Druckschrift
Neuerdings werden Anforderungen betreffend einen bidirektionalen Energiefluss erhoben, um an eine Ladestation angeschlossene Batterien auch zu einer Netzstabilisierung in einem Niederspannungsnetz heranzuziehen, oder auch zu weiteren Netzdienstleistungen zu verwenden. Hierbei müssen alle Wandlerstufen mit entsprechend geeigneten Leistungshalbleiterschaltern ausgestattet werden.
In den Druckschriften D1 bis D7 wird ein Ladesystem für ein Elektrofahrzeug offenbart, das parasitär vorhandene Streuinduktivitäten verwendet. Mit Ausnahme des Systems gemäß D6 enthält jede der Vorrichtungen zudem einen Transformator und einen Hochsetzsteller. Die Systeme der D1, D2 sowie D6 können zudem Energie in das elektrische Netz zurückspeisen.Recently, requirements regarding a bidirectional energy flow have been raised in order to also use batteries connected to a charging station for network stabilization in a low-voltage network, or to use them for other network services. All converter stages must be equipped with suitable power semiconductor switches.
In the documents D1 to D7 a charging system for an electric vehicle is disclosed which uses parasitic leakage inductances. With the exception of the system according to D6, each of the devices also contains a transformer and a step-up converter. The systems of the D1, D2 and D6 can also feed energy back into the electrical network.
Die US-amerikanische Druckschrift
Streuinduktivitäten einer Antriebsmaschine werden in der europäischen Druckschrift
In der Druckschrift
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zu einer Netzeinspeisung durch ein Ladegerät für eine Batterie eines Elektrofahrzeuges bereitzustellen. Ferner soll das Ladegerät, mit dem diese Netzeinspeisung durchgeführt werden kann, vorgestellt werden.Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for a power supply by a charger for a battery of an electric vehicle. Furthermore, the charger with which this power supply can be carried out will be presented.
Zur Lösung der voranstehend genannten Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren zur Einspeisung von Strom in ein Versorgungsnetz vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Versorgungsnetz an einen ersten Matrixumrichter angeschlossen wird, bei dem der erste Matrixumrichter mit einem Drei-Phasen-Transformator verbunden wird, bei dem der Drei-Phasen-Transformator mit einem Umrichter verbunden wird und bei dem der Umrichter mittelbar an eine Batterie angeschlossen wird. Dadurch ergeben sich eine Versorgungsnetzseite und eine Batterieseite des Drei-Phasen-Transformators. Der erste Matrixumrichter und der Umrichter werden mit durch eine Steuerung gesteuerten Schaltelementen ausgestattet, welche einen bidirektionalen Energiefluss ermöglichen. Der Drei-Phasen-Transformator weist in einem Betrieb Streuinduktivitäten auf. Auf der Batterieseite wird dem Drei-Phasen-Transformator mindestens ein integriertes Speicherelement zugefügt, wobei durch die Streuinduktivitäten und/oder durch das mindestens eine integrierte Speicherelement während einer Einschaltzeit eines jeweiligen Schaltelementes des Umrichters elektrische Energie gespeichert wird. Die gespeicherte elektrische Energie führt während einer Ausschaltzeit des jeweiligen Schaltelementes des Umrichters, sowie während einer Einschaltzeit eines jeweiligen Schaltelementes des ersten Matrixumrichters zu einer Spannungsüberhöhung auf der Versorgungsnetzseite und baut sich durch Stromeinspeisung in das Versorgungsnetz ab.To solve the above-mentioned object, a method for feeding current into a supply network is proposed in which the supply network is connected to a first matrix converter, in which the first matrix converter is connected to a three-phase transformer, in which the three-phase -Transformer is connected to a converter and in which the converter is connected indirectly to a battery. This results in a supply network side and a battery side of the three-phase transformer. The first matrix converter and the converter are equipped with switching elements controlled by a controller, which enable a bidirectional flow of energy. The three-phase transformer has leakage inductances in operation. On the battery side, at least one integrated storage element is added to the three-phase transformer, with the leakage inductances and / or the at least one integrated storage element during a switch-on time of a respective switching element Converter electrical energy is stored. The stored electrical energy leads to an increase in voltage on the supply network side during a switch-off time of the respective switching element of the converter, as well as during a switch-on time of a respective switching element of the first matrix converter and is reduced by feeding current into the supply network.
Bei einem Ladevorgang wird mit dem ersten Matrixumrichter aus der Versorgungsspannung eine hochfrequente Wechselspannung erzeugt und diese über den Drei-Phasen-Transformator, der ein Hochtransformator sein kann, zum Umrichter geleitet, der einen Ladestrom erzeugt, welcher zumindest mittelbar, d. h. gegebenenfalls über eine weitere Wandlerstufe zur Batterie geleitet wird. Ein solcher Energiefluss funktioniert für jede Batteriespannung, da eine Amplitude der Wechselspannung mit dem ersten Matrixumrichter geeignet moduliert werden kann.During a charging process, a high-frequency AC voltage is generated from the supply voltage with the first matrix converter and this is conducted via the three-phase transformer, which can be a step-up transformer, to the converter, which generates a charging current which is at least indirectly, i.e. H. if necessary, is fed to the battery via a further converter stage. Such an energy flow works for every battery voltage, since an amplitude of the alternating voltage can be suitably modulated with the first matrix converter.
Zu einer Einspeisung bzw. Rückspeisung von Energie aus der Batterie in das Versorgungsnetz muss auf der Versorgungsnetzseite eine Wechselspannung erzeugt werden, welche höher als eine Netzwechselspannung ist, so dass Strom ins Versorgungsnetz zurückfließen kann. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gewährleistet nun, dass dies auch bei einem niedrigen Ladezustand der Batterie, bei dem die Batteriespannung kleiner ist als die Amplitude der Wechselspannung, möglich ist. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird somit vorteilhaft ein bidirektionaler Energiefluss zwischen Versorgungsnetz und Batterie ermöglicht, durch den einerseits die Batterie geladen werden kann, andererseits eine Rückspeisung in das Versorgungsnetz bspw. zu einer Netzstabilisierung oder weiteren Netzdienstleistungen durchgeführt werden kann. Im Vergleich mit dem Ladevorgang sind hierzu weiter vorteilhaft keine weiteren Schaltelemente notwendig.To feed or feed energy from the battery back into the supply network, an AC voltage must be generated on the supply network side that is higher than a network AC voltage so that current can flow back into the supply network. The method according to the invention now ensures that this is possible even with a low state of charge of the battery, in which the battery voltage is lower than the amplitude of the alternating voltage. The method according to the invention thus advantageously enables a bidirectional flow of energy between the supply network and the battery, through which the battery can be charged on the one hand and fed back into the supply network, for example for network stabilization or other network services, on the other. In comparison with the charging process, no further switching elements are necessary for this purpose.
Die Steuerung der Schaltelemente des ersten Matrixumrichters und des Umrichters nimmt Einfluss auf die Rückspeisung, indem bei einem jeweiligen Schaltvorgang während der Ausschaltzeit oder Einschaltzeit von Schaltelementen entweder eine Energiespeicherung oder eine Energieabgabe möglich ist. Je nach Steuerung kann damit in den Streuinduktivitäten und/oder dem integrierten Speicherelement Energie aufgebaut werden sowie zu den richtigen Zeitpunkten, d. h. während der Einschaltzeiten des von der Steuerung gesteuerten ersten Matrixumrichters, mittels der Spannungsüberhöhung in das Versorgungsnetz abgegeben werden.The control of the switching elements of the first matrix converter and the converter has an influence on the energy recovery, in that either energy storage or energy output is possible during a respective switching process during the switch-off time or switch-on time of switching elements. Depending on the control, energy can thus be built up in the leakage inductances and / or the integrated storage element and at the right times, ie. H. during the switch-on times of the first matrix converter controlled by the controller, by means of the voltage increase in the supply network.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird als Umrichter ein zweiter Matrixumrichter gewählt. Der zweite Matrixumrichter kann aus dem vom Drei-Phasen-Transformator kommenden Wechselstrom sowohl wiederum einen Wechselstrom erzeugen, der dann mittelbar über einen direkt mit der Batterie verbundenen Wandler diese lädt, als auch einen Gleichstrom, der unmittelbar zur Batterie geleitet werden kann.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, a second matrix converter is selected as the converter. The second matrix converter can generate an alternating current from the alternating current coming from the three-phase transformer, which then charges the battery indirectly via a converter connected directly to the battery, and a direct current that can be fed directly to the battery.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird als Umrichter eine aktive Drehstrombrücke gewählt. Die aktive Drehstrombrücke kann einen Gleichsstrom erzeugen und unmittelbar mit der Batterie verbunden sein.In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, an active three-phase bridge is selected as the converter. The active three-phase bridge can generate a direct current and be directly connected to the battery.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Batterie in einem Elektrofahrzeug angeordnet.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the battery is arranged in an electric vehicle.
In einer noch weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Versorgungsnetz zu einer Ladestation für ein Elektrofahrzeug geführt.In yet another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the supply network is led to a charging station for an electric vehicle.
Ferner wird ein Ladegerät zum Energieaustausch zwischen einem Versorgungsnetz und einer Batterie beansprucht, bei dem das Versorgungsnetz an einen ersten Matrixumrichter angeschlossen ist, bei dem der erste Matrixumrichter mit einem Drei-Phasen-Transformator verbunden ist, bei dem der Drei-Phasen-Transformator mit einem Umrichter verbunden ist und bei dem der Umrichter mittelbar an eine Batterie angeschlossen ist. Dadurch ergeben sich eine Versorgungsnetzseite und eine Batterieseite des Drei-Phasen-Transformators. Der erste Matrixumrichter und der Umrichter sind mit durch eine Steuerung gesteuerten Schaltelementen ausgestattet und dazu konfiguriert, einen bidirektionalen Energiefluss zu ermöglichen. Der Drei-Phasen-Transformator weist in einem Betrieb Streuinduktivitäten auf. Der Drei-Phasen-Transformator umfasst auf der Batterieseite mindestens ein integriertes Speicherelement, wobei die Streuinduktivitäten und/oder das mindestens eine integrierte Speicherelement während einer Einschaltzeit eines jeweiligen Schaltelementes des Umrichters elektrische Energie speichern. Die gespeicherte elektrische Energie führt während einer Ausschaltzeit des jeweiligen Schaltelementes des Umrichters, sowie während einer Einschaltzeit eines jeweiligen Schaltelementes des ersten Matrixumrichters zu einer Spannungsüberhöhung auf der Versorgungsnetzseite und baut sich durch Stromeinspeisung in das Versorgungsnetz ab.Furthermore, a charger for exchanging energy between a supply network and a battery is claimed, in which the supply network is connected to a first matrix converter, in which the first matrix converter is connected to a three-phase transformer, in which the three-phase transformer is connected to a Converter is connected and in which the converter is indirectly connected to a battery. This results in a supply network side and a battery side of the three-phase transformer. The first matrix converter and the converter are equipped with switching elements controlled by a controller and configured to enable a bidirectional flow of energy. The three-phase transformer has leakage inductances in operation. The three-phase transformer comprises at least one integrated storage element on the battery side, the leakage inductances and / or the at least one integrated storage element storing electrical energy during a switch-on time of a respective switching element of the converter. The stored electrical energy leads to an increase in voltage on the supply network side during a switch-off time of the respective switching element of the converter, as well as during a switch-on time of a respective switching element of the first matrix converter and is reduced by feeding current into the supply network.
In einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes ist der Umrichter ein zweiter Matrixumrichter.In one embodiment of the charger according to the invention, the converter is a second matrix converter.
In einer anderen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes ist der Umrichter eine aktive Drehstrombrücke.In another embodiment of the charger according to the invention, the converter is an active three-phase bridge.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes ist die Batterie in einem Elektrofahrzeug angeordnet.In a further embodiment of the charger according to the invention, the battery is arranged in an electric vehicle.
In einer noch weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes ist das Ladegerät in einer Ladestation für ein Elektrofahrzeug angeordnet.In yet another embodiment of the charger according to the invention, the charger is arranged in a charging station for an electric vehicle.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den beiliegenden Zeichnungen.Further advantages and configurations of the invention emerge from the description and the accompanying drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die voranstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Die Figuren werden zusammenhängend und übergreifend beschrieben, gleichen Komponenten sind dieselben Bezugszeichen zugeordnet.
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1 zeigt schematisch zwei typische Schaltungsanordnungen zu Ladegeräten aus dem Stand der Technik. -
2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes mit einem zweiten Matrixumrichter. -
3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Ladegerätes mit einer aktiven Drehstrombrücke. -
4 zeigt ein Ersatzschaltbild zu einem Transformator mit integriertem Speicherelement gemäß einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
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1 shows schematically two typical circuit arrangements for charging devices from the prior art. -
2 shows a schematic representation according to an embodiment of the charger according to the invention with a second matrix converter. -
3 shows a schematic representation according to an embodiment of the charger according to the invention with an active three-phase bridge. -
4th shows an equivalent circuit diagram for a transformer with an integrated storage element according to an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
In
In
In
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ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturPatent literature cited
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US 2007/0274109 A1 [0004]
US 2007/0274109 A1 [0004] - US 2016/0268916 A1 [0006]US 2016/0268916 A1 [0006]
- EP 2702667 B1 [0007]EP 2702667 B1 [0007]
- WO 2019/020803 A1 [0008]WO 2019/020803 A1 [0008]
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JP2005333783A (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-12-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Electric power output device and vehicle equipped with the same |
DE112006000887T5 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2008-03-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki, Kitakyushu | Device for converting a matrix |
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CN102545644A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-07-04 | 山东大学 | Matrix AC (alternating current)-AC high voltage frequency converter topology structure |
DE102011083645A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-03-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Charging device for rechargeable battery used in electric vehicle, has three-phase rectifier connected in downstream of three-phase transformer to convert third three-phase alternating current into direct current for charging battery |
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JP2005333783A (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-12-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Electric power output device and vehicle equipped with the same |
DE112006000887T5 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2008-03-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki, Kitakyushu | Device for converting a matrix |
EP2458725A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | ABB Research Ltd. | Electric energy conversion system and method for operating same |
DE102011083645A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-03-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Charging device for rechargeable battery used in electric vehicle, has three-phase rectifier connected in downstream of three-phase transformer to convert third three-phase alternating current into direct current for charging battery |
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