DE102018205951A1 - Housing with battery cells for forming at least part of a traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle and electrically driven motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a housing (10) with battery cells (11) for forming at least part of a traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle. Several battery cells (11) are held together to at least one cell stack (11 ') having a tapped voltage of less than 60 volts. According to the invention, it is proposed that the housing (10) has at least two plug openings (14) into each of which at least one part a connector inserted and thus the voltage can be tapped.

Description

The invention relates to a housing with battery cells for forming at least part of a traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle with the features of the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to an electrically driven motor vehicle having the features of the preamble of claim. 6

From the preamble of claim 1 and of claim 6 forming DE 11 2009 002 264 T5 is an electrically driven motor vehicle with a traction battery has become known, which has an outer housing, in which a plurality of housings are arranged interchangeably, each with contained battery cells. The outer housing has for this purpose a plurality of defined slots, to which the housings are adapted and can be inserted, secured and electrically connected. Through each housing with battery cells, a first, shock-absorbing structure is formed. The housing receiving the outer housing forms a second, shock-absorbing structure. As a result, the traction battery of the motor vehicle should be particularly accident-proof.

In the DE 11 2010 005 062 T5 a modular battery with polymeric compression seal is proposed. Specifically, several battery cells are stacked on top of each other and connected in series via compressible connectors. The cell stack is held together via a shrink wrap so that the fasteners are compressed.

Finally, in the DE 11 2011 100 279 T5 a cell module for a modular battery, which is suitable for driving electrically powered motor vehicles. The cell module has a plurality of positive electrode plates having positive connections extending from the positive electrode plates. The positive electrode plates each have a first and an opposite, second end. Further, there are a plurality of negative electrode plates having negative connections extending from the negative electrode plates. The negative electrode plates each have a third end and an opposite, fourth end. In this case, the positive and negative electrode plates are alternately stacked so that the first and third ends are on the same one side and the second and fourth ends are on an opposite side of the cell module. Between the positive and negative electrode plates there is a separator of polymer material covering the second and third ends. In this way, the short-circuit strength between positive and negative electrode plates of a cell module is to be improved.

The present invention is based on the object to provide a housing with battery cells according to the features of the preamble of claim 1, in which a voltage can be tapped easily and safely.

This object is achieved with a housing having the features of claim 1.

The present invention is also based on the object to provide an electrically driven motor vehicle, which meets the requirements for easy and safe maintainability. This object is achieved by an electrically driven motor vehicle with the features of claim 6.

Advantageous embodiments or developments of the invention can be found in the respective dependent claims.

The invention is therefore initially based on a housing with battery cells for forming at least part of a traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle. Several battery cells are held together to at least one cell stack having a tapped voltage of less than 60 volts.

For example, hybrid vehicles (HEV = hybrid electric vehicle), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV = plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) or even pure electric vehicles, ie battery vehicles (BEV = Battery Electric Vehicle) come into consideration as electrically driven vehicles.

The invention now proposes that the housing has at least two plug-in openings, in each of which at least a part of a plug-in connector can be inserted and thus the voltage can be tapped off.

In this way, a tap of the voltage provided by the cell stack voltage is possible in a simple and safe way. In addition, the cost of a seal of the housing can be minimized because the otherwise completely and immerse waterproof closed housing needs to be sealed only at the insertion openings.

According to a first embodiment, each plug-in opening is provided with a Berührschutz. This contributes to further increasing the safety in handling the case in the case of maintenance work and the like.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the contact protection can be formed by the inside width of the plug opening and / or by a closure mechanism. This is easy to implement. In other words, the inside width of each plug-in opening can be selected such that the fingers of a service technician can not pass through the plug-in opening and can touch a plug-in contact arranged below the plug-in opening.
A closure mechanism may be formed, for example, in the manner of a spring-loaded, the plug opening automatically closing lid, similar to a child safety.

In another development of the invention, the housing accommodates two cell stacks. Each cell stack has two plug contacts for tapping off the voltage (<60 V) of the cell stack on one end face. The end faces of the cell stack with the plug contacts are opposite each other and are directed towards each other. So they are much closer together than the front sides of the cell stack without plug contacts. This development allows a local concentration of the insertion openings on the housing and thus contributes to a simple and compact design.

It is highly advantageous if at least one maintenance opening can be opened on the housing, which opens an access to a maintenance shaft. Through the maintenance shaft, a receiving space for at least one battery cell management control device is formed. The maintenance shaft is separated from a receiving space for the battery cells. Thus, a self-contained receiving space for the battery cell management control device is formed by the maintenance shaft.

In this way, an easy and safe maintenance or a simple replacement of the battery cell management control device is possible. Due to the separation of the receiving space of the battery cell management control device from that for the battery cells, therefore, the receiving space for the battery cells does not have to be exposed in case of maintenance. In this way, the risk of damage to the battery cells is avoided and maintenance is possible safely.

As mentioned at the beginning, with the invention also an electrically driven motor vehicle is to be placed under protection. The motor vehicle is provided with at least one housing in which a plurality of battery cells are held together to form at least one cell stack. The housing forms at least part of a traction battery of the motor vehicle and is detachably connected to the motor vehicle. The cell stack has a tapped voltage of less than 60 volts.

The electrically driven motor vehicle is characterized by a plurality of housing according to the invention. Each housing is thus provided with at least two plug-in openings, in each of which a plug-in connector can be inserted and thus the voltage can be tapped off.

Quasi individual battery modules are thus formed by the individual housings, whereby tappable (harmless) individual voltages of the individual housings are connected together to form a tapped total voltage of the traction battery.

The tapping of the individual voltages can be done safely and safely through the insertion openings. Moreover, such a modular design also has the advantage that in case of damage or malfunction of individual battery cells not the usual traction battery must be removed with a housing, but only the affected battery module. Furthermore, this leads to a much easier tradability in case of a necessary exchange. Because the individual weight of the battery modules is many times lower than the total weight of conventional traction batteries.

An embodiment of the motor vehicle suggests that plug-in connectors are plugged into the plug-in openings of the housing. This is done in such a way that a plurality of plug connectors of different housings are conductively connected to one another. There are those connectors are conductively connected to each other, which are in contact with those plug contacts of different housing, forming the same electrical poles.

In this way, the condition for an efficient electrical interconnection of the individual housings is created.

According to another embodiment, the electrically conductive connection of the connector via a connection bar, which is guided along the connector. As a result, an electrical connection of the connector is realized while reducing the variety of components.

Preferably, the connectors are embedded in the connection bar and have downwardly directed plug contacts, which engage in the insertion openings of the housing. In this way, a good adjustment of the connector is ensured and plugging of housings from bottom to top can be done easily. It should be noted that in the connection bar for each electrical pole is present from the other pole electrically insulated line.

Conveniently, each connector has four plug contacts, with two plug contacts in each case plug-in openings of a housing and two other plug contacts in each plug-in openings of another housing. Each of the plug-in openings connected by a connector is associated with a similar electrical pole of a cell stack. As a result, in particular in housings with two cell stacks, efficient, low-component interconnection of the housings in series is possible.

Another development proposes that each connector has a square-shaped base in the outline, with two each two plug contacts having halves. The halves are in turn connected integrally with each other via a cross-sectionally bridge-like connection. The bridge-like connection may preferably be bent semicircularly perpendicular to the connecting direction. In this way, relative movements between the housings through the connectors can be compensated to some extent without damaging the connectors.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the figures and will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures in the following description. As a result, even further advantages of the invention become apparent. The same reference numerals, even in different figures, refer to the same, comparable or functionally identical components. In this case, corresponding or comparable properties and advantages are achieved, even if a repeated description or reference does not occur. The figures are not or at least not always true to scale. In some figures, proportions or distances may be exaggerated to more clearly highlight features of an embodiment.

• 1 die Ansicht eines Gehäuses mit Batteriezellen und Batteriezellenmanagement-Steuereinrichtungen von oben,
• 2 eine Ansicht des Gehäuses von der Unterseite,
• 3 eine perspektivische Explosionsdarstellung des Gehäuses,
• 4 eine perspektivische Darstellung des zusammengebauten Gehäuses,
• 5 eine Darstellung mehrerer Gehäuse von oben, welche über Steckverbinder elektrisch verbunden sind,
• 6 eine Schnittdarstellung gemäß Schnittverlauf VI aus 5,
• 7 eine Darstellung eines Steckverbinders im Umriss von oben,
• 8 eine Darstellung des Steckverbinders aus Ansicht VIII der 7,
• 9 eine Darstellung einer als Berührschutz ausgebildeten Stecköffnung,
• 10 eine Darstellung einer Stecköffnung mit einem Verschlussmechanismus als Berührschutz,
• 11 ein elektrisch antreibbares Kraftfahrzeug mit mehreren montierten Gehäusen, teilweise als Explosionsdarstellung und
• 12 eine andere Explosionsdarstellung des Kraftfahrzeugs.

It show, each schematically

• 1 the view of a housing with battery cells and battery cell management control devices from above,
• 2 a view of the housing from the bottom,
• 3 an exploded perspective view of the housing,
• 4 a perspective view of the assembled housing,
• 5 an illustration of a plurality of housing from above, which are electrically connected via connectors,
• 6 a sectional view according to cutting progress VI out 5 .
• 7 an illustration of a connector in outline from above,
• 8th a representation of the connector from view VIII of the 7 .
• 9 a representation of a contact protection designed as a plug-in opening,
• 10 an illustration of a plug-in opening with a locking mechanism as contact protection,
• 11 an electrically driven motor vehicle with several mounted housings, partially exploded and
• 12 another exploded view of the motor vehicle.

In the 1 is a housing 10 it can be seen in which several battery cells 11 are included. The housing 10 is formed cuboid and has in the illustrated view from above a rectangular outline, with side walls 101 and end walls 102 , The housing 10 has a longitudinal extent I1 and a width b , As can be seen, the longitudinal extent I1 of the housing several times larger than its width b ,

Approximately in the middle of the longitudinal extension 11 , in a middle-level ME is a maintenance box 12 arranged.

Longitudinal I1 seen in the case 10 on both sides of the maintenance box 12 each a recording room 18 for the battery cells 11 educated. Here are the battery cells 11 in every recording room 18 with its longitudinal extension parallel to the longitudinal extent I1 of the housing 10 aligned and fill the recording room 18 each essentially from. Necessary insulation measures to the battery cells 11 from the walls of the housing 10 to isolate are not shown.

The housing 10 is essentially closed and thus formed dive waterproof. The in the case 10 recorded battery cells 11 as well as the maintenance box 12 are indicated by dashed lines for clarity.

Furthermore, there are high voltage (HV) vents 14 shown. These HV plug-in openings 14 can be connected by means of suitable connectors (not shown) and thus with other housings 10 voltage technology can be interconnected to form a larger unit.

Each of the HV plug-in openings 14 is separately sealed (not shown in detail) and has a shock protection, which will be explained later.

The maintenance box 12 serves in particular for receiving two battery cell management control devices 13 , These are in suitable plug connections (not shown) within the maintenance box 12 pluggable. Each of the battery cell management controllers 13 is for the management of a cell stack associated with it 11 ' responsible.

With 19 is a wireless communication interface that is used for communication or data exchange of the battery cell management control devices 13 with other battery cell management controllers 13 other housing 10 or with a higher level battery management controller (not shown). The communication interface 19 may be formed, for example, optically, by radio or even inductively.

In the 2 is the case 10 from a lower wall 103 out of. The battery cells 11 are not shown anymore.

The maintenance box 12 forms two maintenance shafts 17 out, their access each via a maintenance opening 15 from the bottom wall 103 out is possible.

Every maintenance opening 15 is via a detachable lid 16 lockable, of which only one is shown. Every lid 16 closes the maintenance shaft 17 sealing off and is preferably via a screw connection to the lower wall 103 connected. This is the case 10 a total of dive waterproof trained.

Upon a necessary maintenance of a battery cell management controller 13 just needs the lid 16 to be removed, allowing access to the maintenance shaft 17 and thus to the battery cell management controller 13 is released. This can then easily from the maintenance shaft 17 pulled out and possibly replaced by a new one.

As an alternative to the exemplary embodiment, it is also conceivable that the maintenance shafts 17 closed by a lid, which is an integral part of the lower wall 103 are. However, these are then surrounded by predetermined breaking points and can be broken out during maintenance. After maintenance, the openings 15 be sealed again by a suitable cover, for example, then with the wall 103 is screwed (not shown).

From the 3 are the individual components of the housing 10 good to see. The housing 10 points with its walls 101 . 103 and 104 a rectangular cross section. This is inexpensive to produce or manufactured by extrusion. After insertion of the plug openings 14 and maintenance openings 15 in the case 10 becomes the maintenance box 12 in the case 10 pushed and in the area of the plug-in openings 14 fixed. Subsequently, the two cell stacks can 11 ' (Cell modules) in the frontal openings of the housing 10 be pushed. Here are the cell stacks 11 ' at the front of the maintenance box 12 at.

Every cell stack 11 ' is at its front ends S1 . S2 with a wiring electronics 110 for interconnecting the individual battery cells 11 Mistake. With 113 is a multi-core track quantified, which the wiring electronics 110 connects with each other. At the front S1 of each cell stack 11 ' are a plug contact 111 (Positive pole) and a plug contact 112 (Negative pole) recognizable. About the plug contacts 111 . 112 can be the provided voltage of each cell stack 11 ' be tapped. The tapped voltage of each cell stack 11 ' is less than 60 V. In the assembled state of the housing 10 are the plug contacts 111 . 112 directly below the plug-in openings 14 , The front ends S1 the cell stack 11 ' with the plug contacts 111 . 112 are then directed towards each other, so have only a small distance.

After inserting the cell stacks 11 ' becomes the case 10 frontally by end walls 102 locked. The end walls 102 are preferably with the housing 10 welded.

After plugging in the battery cell management controllers 13 in the maintenance openings 15 and closing through the lids 16 is the case 10 submersible waterproof and represents a complete, universally applicable battery module.

In 4 is the case 10 again in perspective in an assembled state. In the installed state of the housing 10 put X is a vehicle longitudinal direction, Y a vehicle transverse direction and Z a vehicle vertical direction.

In this illustration are one of the side walls 101 , one of the end walls 102 and also an upper wall 104 of the housing 10 clearly visible.

The one in the middle of the case 10 arranged maintenance box 12 and a battery cell management controller received therein 13 (only one of two is shown) are shown in dashed lines. Also in the case 10 recorded cell stack 11 ' indicated.

The side walls 101 , the upper wall 104 and also the lower wall 103 have a wall thickness which is about 4 to 6 millimeters, preferably about 5 millimeters. In this way, forces are through these walls Fy easily accessible in the vehicle transverse direction.

From this figure and the previous figure it can be seen that the maintenance box 12 has a quadrangular, in particular rectangular shape in outline. It fills the equally rectangular cross-section of the housing 10 from the inside and lies with an upper wall on the upper wall 104 of the housing 10 , with a lower wall on the lower wall 103 of the housing 10 and with side walls on the side walls 101 of the housing 10 at. The maintenance box 12 is preferably fixedly in the housing via an adhesive connection or via a press fit 10 held.

Due to the wall thickness of the housing 10 on the one hand and the wall thicknesses of the maintenance box 12 on the other hand arises in the area of the maintenance box 12 a particularly high stability, giving a transmission of high forces Fx in the vehicle longitudinal direction and / or forces Fz in vehicle vertical direction allows.

The 5 and 6 show how connectors 25 in the plug-in openings 14 the housing 10 are plugged in and with plug contacts 251 into the plug contacts 111 respectively. 112 the cell stack 11 ' to grab. Each connector 25 connects only similar electrical poles forming plug contacts 111 or 112 different housing 10 electrically conductive with each other. The housing 10 So they are alternately arranged with their electrical poles, more precisely, rotated alternately 180 degrees about the Z-axis. An interconnection of the through the housing 10 or cell stack 11 ' supplied individual voltages then carried by a suitable electrical connection of the connector 25 similar poles.

From the 7 and 8th is a connector 25 individually visible. Each connector 25 has a base plate 250 on that in half 250a and 250b is divided. The base plate 250 preferably has a rectangular outline. Of every half 250a respectively. 250b Stand down two tongue-like plug contacts 251 which, in the assembled state in the plug contacts 111 respectively. 112 grab (cf. 6 ). The halves 250 a, b are via a bridge-like connection 252 integrally connected. How out 8th becomes clear, stands out the connection 252 semicircular from the plane of the base plate 250 out. Through the bridge-like connection 252 can forces Fx , In the assembled state so forces in the vehicle longitudinal direction are compensated to some extent by the halves 250 a . b can be moved towards each other.

Based on 9 becomes clear, as a shock protection of the plug openings 14 can already be achieved by a suitable shaping. So can the plug openings 14 a clear width w which is only a few millimeters. This shows the plug opening 14 a slit-like outline. So it is not possible that a service technician's finger accidentally into the plug-in openings 14 can reach.

Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable to realize the contact protection via a locking mechanism, as in 10 is shown. There is a round plug-in opening 14 ' can be seen, which as a shutter mechanism by a spring element 142 in the closing direction loaded lid 140 having. In the figure is the lid 140 half open. In the closed state, a handle 141 for manual opening of the lid 140 serve.

In the 11 is an electrically driven motor vehicle K (shell only) shown, which is a longitudinal extension I2 having. In particular, one is between longitudinal beams 20 (Sills) trained recording room A formed such that in a vehicle transverse direction between the longitudinal members 20 exactly one case 10 fits and the recording room A in longitudinal direction I2 of the motor vehicle K exactly six cases 10 can record.

The figure is partially shown in exploded view. So is next to five enclosures 10 a housing 10 shown exposed to make it clear that the housing 10 during assembly or maintenance easy from bottom to top of the vehicle K can be attached. Furthermore, as a central connection element is a power strip 21 exposed, which shows the tapping of the individual housing 10 interconnected total voltage allows and supplies an electric motor, not shown, with voltage.

Furthermore, it can be seen that all maintenance openings 15 or lid 16 from the underside of the motor vehicle K are accessible.

After removing an underrun protection 22 can thus selectively either individual battery cell management control devices 13 can be removed and replaced or it is an easy removal of selected housings 10 possible. Each of the housings 10 is about recesses 28 from front side existing connection flanges 29 (see 4 ) with the side members 20 screwed.

Finally, based on 12 nor a slightly different exploded view of the motor vehicle K shown, being over the housings 10 arranged cooling channels 23 can be seen. The cooling channels 23 are in the final assembly state of the motor vehicle K in heat-conducting connection with the upper wall 104 the housing 10 , Through the cooling channels 23 a coolant (for example CO ₂ ) is passed in a manner not shown. The housing 10 , each of which virtually represents a battery module, form a traction battery T of the motor vehicle K out.

The modular construction described makes the flexibility and handling during maintenance enormously easier. In addition, allow each housing 10 associated and easily replaceable battery cell management controllers 13 a very easy maintenance.

Furthermore, in this way, the use of a housing 10 as a fully-fledged power source with its own energy management, also in other technical fields than automotive technology, for example as a stand-alone solution.

With 24 is a sill reinforcement of fiber composite plastic figured. This leads to an additional safety against lateral, on the traction battery T acting crash loads.

Furthermore, the connectors 25 clearly visible, with their plug contacts 251 in the plug-in openings 14 (see. 4 . 5 and 6 ) are plugged in and over the individual voltage of each cell stack 11 ' can be tapped and different housing 10 can be connected to each other. Finally, with the help of the already mentioned connector strip 21 the total voltage can be tapped in a manner not shown. The connectors 25 be through a connection bar 26 spatially connected to each other. Preferably, the connectors 25 in the connection bar 26 firmly embedded and thus pre-adjusted. This facilitates a "blind plugging" of the housing 10 from bottom to top in the direction of the connector 25 , The connection bar 26 For each electrical pole to be disconnected, there is an insulated cable to which all the poles of the housings with similar poles are attached 10 connected connectors 25 be brought into contact.

Finally there are other supply lines 27 also shown on the top of the traction battery T or the housing 10 are guided along and their position thus also easy to maintain the traction battery T contributes.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

casing

11

battery cells

11 '

cell stack

12

maintenance box

13

Battery cells management controllers

14, 14 '

plug openings

15

maintenance opening

16

cover

17

maintenance shaft

18

accommodation space

19

wireless communication interface, wireless communication means

20

longitudinal beams

21

power strip

22

Underride protection

23

cooling channels

24

Sill reinforcement made of fiber composite plastic

25

Connectors

26

connecting strip

27

supply lines

28

recesses

29

flanges

101

sidewalls

102

end walls

103

lower wall

104

upper wall

110

Verschaltungselektronik

111

Plug contacts (positive pole)

112

Plug contacts (negative pole)

113

conductor path

140

cover

141

handle

142

spring element

250

baseplate

250a, b

halves

251

plug contacts

252

bridge-like connection

A

accommodation space

Fx

force

Fy

force

Fz

force

K

electrically driven motor vehicle

I1

Longitudinal extension of the housing

I2

Longitudinal extension of the motor vehicle

ME

midplane

S1, S2

front sides

T

traction battery

V

locking mechanism

w

clear width

X

Vehicle longitudinal direction

Y

Vehicle transverse direction

Z

Vehicle vertical direction

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 112009002264 T5 [0002]
• DE 112010005062 T5 [0003]
• DE 112011100279 T5 [0004]

Claims (11)

Housing (10) with battery cells (11) for forming at least part of a traction battery (T) for an electrically driven motor vehicle (K), wherein a plurality of battery cells (11) are held together to at least one cell stack (11 ') having a tapped voltage of has under 60 volts, characterized in that the housing (10) has at least two insertion openings (14), in each of which at least a part of a connector (25) can be inserted and thus the voltage can be tapped off. Housing (10) after Claim 1 , characterized in that each plug-in opening (14) is provided with a contact protection. Housing (10) after Claim 2 , characterized in that the contact protection by the inside width (w) of the insertion opening (14) and / or by a closure mechanism (V) is formed. Housing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (10) receives two cell stacks (11 ') and each cell stack (11') on one end face (S1) has two plug contacts (111, 112), wherein the end faces (S1) with the plug contacts (111, 112) are opposite. Housing (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (10) at least one maintenance opening (15) can be opened, which provides access to a maintenance shaft (17) through which a receiving space for at least one battery cell management control device (13) is formed, wherein the maintenance shaft (17) is separated from a receiving space (18) for the battery cells (11). Electrically driven motor vehicle (K) having at least one housing (10) in which a plurality of battery cells (11) are held together to at least one cell stack (11 ') having a tapped voltage of less than 60 volts, wherein the housing (10) at least one Part of a traction battery (T) is formed and releasably connected to the motor vehicle (K), characterized in that the at least one housing (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 5 is trained. Electrically driven motor vehicle (K) according to Claim 6 , characterized in that in the insertion openings (14) of the housing (10) plug connectors (25) are inserted or inserted, wherein a plurality of, with similar electrical poles forming plug contacts (111 or 112) connected connector (25) of different housing (10) conductive connected to each other. Electrically driven motor vehicle (K) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the electrically conductive connection via a connecting strip (26), which is guided along the connector (25). Electrically driven motor vehicle (K) according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the connectors (25) are embedded in the connecting strip (26) and have downwardly directed plug contacts (251) which engage in the plug openings (14) of the housing (10) and with the plug contacts (111 or 112) the cell stack (11 ') are connected or connectable. Electrically driven motor vehicle (K) according to one of Claims 6 to 9 , characterized in that each connector (25) has four plug contacts (251), wherein in each case two plug contacts (251) in plug openings (14) of a housing (10) engage and two plug contacts (251) in plug openings (14) of another housing (10). Electrically driven motor vehicle (K) according to one of Claims 6 to 10 , characterized in that each connector (25) has a quadrangular base plate (250) with two each two plug contacts (251) having halves (250a, 250b), wherein the halves (250a, 250b) via a bridge-like cross-section connection (252) are integrally connected.

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