DE102016015790A1 - Metallic solid floor, tool arrangement and method for producing metallic solid floors - Google Patents

Abstract

Metallic basement for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, wherein the solid floor comprises an end Ogivenabschnitt and a cylinder portion for holding the basement in a cartridge case and defines a projectile length in the axial direction, wherein the Ogivenabschnitt an Ogivenwand and one of the Ogivenwand circumferentially limited rotationally symmetric Ogivenhohlraum , wherein it is provided that a fully cylindrical trunk portion of the basement extends in the axial direction over less than 45% of the projectile length.

Description

The invention relates to a metal basement for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges. The invention also relates to a tool assembly for producing metal bullets for practice cartridges. The invention further comprises a method for producing metal bullets for practice cartridges. For use on police shooting ranges projectiles for practice cartridges have to meet the requirements of the "Technical Guideline (TR) Cartridge 9 mm × 19, reduced in pollutants" (in particular: as of September 2009), provided that for training cartridges some in the mentioned technical guideline Insert cartridges put demands, among other things, regarding the end-ballistic effect, need not be met.

A generic Vollgeschoss for exercise cartridges is known from EP 2 498 045 A1 , The generic storey consists of a frontal, arcuate ogive and subsequent cylindrical area. In the area of the arcuate ogive, the known full storey is equipped with an ogive wall which peripherally delimits an Ogiven cavity and is formed on the inside with predetermined breaking points in the form of notches and edges. These predetermined breaking points serve as predetermined zones for initiating or promoting material failure. They facilitate the folding of the bullet solid material to form cracks in the outer skin of the ogive, when the bullet frontally on a target occurs. Upon impact of the projectile according to EP 2 498 045 A1 on its target it is to deform mushroom-shaped ("mushroom"). When deforming the projectile whose kinetic energy is converted into deformation energy. The conversion of kinetic energy into deformation energy should take place as quickly as possible on practice bullet projectiles, in order to prevent the projectile from remaining in sufficient kinetic energy in order to penetrate, in particular, protective vests, for example police protective vests. It has been found to be disadvantageous in the known solid floor for practice cartridges that the cracking effect of the predetermined breaking points can lead to the projectile splitting on impact with the target or a hard surface, such as, for example, the wall of a shooting range. The splintering of a practice bullet can result in dangerous cross shards for practicing shooters.

It is an object of the invention to provide a metallic bullet for practice cartridges, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular in compliance with the "Technical Guidelines (TR) cartridge 9 mm × 19, pollutant reduced", and in which the splitter of the bullet at Impact on a hard surface is avoided.

This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims.

Accordingly, a metallic basement for practice cartridges is intended in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, wherein the solid floor comprises an end Ogivenabschnitt and a cylinder portion for holding the basement in a cartridge case and defines a projectile length in the axial direction. Full storeys differ from partial storey storeys and full-wall storeys in that a full storey is formed in one piece in particular from a homogeneous material. The basement is especially intended for practice cartridges for use in small arms, so revolvers, submachine guns and / or pistols. A metallic basement can also be provided for exercise cartridges for rifles. Preferably, the basement for practice cartridges up to a caliber of 20 mm, in particular up to a caliber of 12 mm provided. Cartridges are in the usual way of a bullet, a cartridge case, propellant powder and a primer. The projectile is the object fired by the weapon. The weight of a projectile can be between 3 g and 20 g, in particular between 5 g and 15 g, preferably between 5.5 g and 9 g, particularly preferably between 6 and 9 mm × 19 (caliber Luger or Para) with a cartridge caliber , 0 g and 6.3 g, for example, 6.1 g, be in the use of the penetration of a protective vest is excluded. Due to their weight and shape, the projectiles of standard 9 mm Luger cartridges reach muzzle velocities of 340 mm / sec. or more. The material of the storey is preferably lead-free and / or lead-alloy-free. The metal of the storey floor preferably has copper. In particular, the metal of the solid floor is at least 95%, at least 99%, or at least 99.9% copper. The particularly uncoated bullet particularly preferably consists of pure copper (Cu-ETP), preferably with a specific weight of 8.93 g / cm ³ , in particular of CU-ETP1 DIN EN1977 with at least 99.9% copper and less than 100 ppm oxygen. According to less preferred embodiments, the metal material of the solid floor may be brass (ie a mixture of copper and zinc such as Tombak). The specific gravity of copper is 8.9 g / cc. The specific gravity of zinc is 7.2 g / cc. The specific gravity of brass is at least 8.3 g / cc, the specific gravity of Tombak being about 8.6 g / cc.

Preferably, the cylinder section of the solid floor preferably directly adjoins the particular arcuate section. The in the direction of flight of the storey front arranged Ogivenabschnitt can be referred to as the front side. The rear in the direction of flight of the projectile cylinder portion of the basement may be referred to as the foot or rear side. The Ogivenabschnitt is arranged in the axial direction in front of the cylinder portion of the basement. The cylinder section preferably has a circular outer contour in cross section. The shape of the cylinder portion preferably corresponds to a vertical or straight circular cylinder. At the rear end of the cylinder portion, a phase portion may be disposed to facilitate insertion of the bullet into a neck of a cartridge case and / or to form a particularly aerodynamic rear end (generally referred to as a "boat-tail"). Preferably, the metallic solid floor of the front-side Ogivenabschnitt and the rear-side cylinder portion.

An ogive is in strict geometrical sense in three-dimensional space a form that arises through the rotation body of the intersection of two circular arcs. Leaning on the geometric term referred to in longitudinal section similarly shaped profiles of tips ballistic projectiles, which should have as low as possible air resistance in their locomotion. In this respect, an ogive can be understood to mean a streamlined body of revolution which can be pointed or rounded (flattened) on the face side.

The Ogivenabschnitt has an Ogivenwand and one of the Ogivenwand circumferentially limited rotationally symmetric Ogivenhohlraum. The ogive cavity of the hollow floor according to the invention allows the projectile to perform a deformation in the form of a collision upon impact with a target or other resistance. When upsetting the bullet according to the invention whose kinetic energy is rapidly converted into deformation energy. When upsetting the projectile, the projectile nose preferably deforms relative to the cylinder portion substantially only in the axial direction. In particular, in the case of a vertical impact of the projectile on a flat resistance, preferably no deformation of the projectile tip takes place in the radial direction over the diameter of the undeformed cylindrical portion. The Ogivenhohlraum is preferably empty, d. H. only filled with ambient air. An inner contour surrounding the Ogive cavity, which is defined by the Ogivenwand, is preferably formed in the circumferential direction stepless and / or interruption-free and / or has only rounded edges. A defined by the Ogivenwand Ogivenaußenseite is preferably formed step-free in the circumferential direction and / or has circumferentially, in particular full circumference, a constant wall thickness.

The projectile is preferably harder at or near its tip than at the rearward region. The tip may, for example, have a hardness between 110 HV 0.5 to 200 HV 0.5, in particular 120 HV 0.5 to 160 HV 0.5, preferably 130 HV 0.5 to 150 HV 0.5. The cylinder section may have a lower hardness, for example a hardness between 50 HV0.5 to 160 HV0.5, in particular 75 HV0.5 to 155 HV0.5, preferably 85 HV0.5 to 150 HV0.5.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a fully cylindrical, in particular solid, root section of the projectile extends in the axial direction over less than 45%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%. , or over 0%, preferably between 40% and 0%, in particular between 20% and 10% or 0%, of the projectile length. Across from EP 2 498 045 A1 known full storey, in which an Ogivenhohlraum in the region of the frontal, arcuate Ogive is located only in the apex area of the projectile, so that behind the Ogivenhohlraum a long, solid trunk section is formed, it has surprisingly been found to be advantageous for a Vollgeschoss for practice cartridges with a much shorter Surprisingly, thereby the stability of the projectile has not been reduced so that the risk of splintering bullet decomposition occurs. Also, the Selbstladefunktion conventional semi-automatic small arms is not affected. With the reduction according to the invention of the axial height of a fully cylindrical trunk section, its upsetting inclination is markedly increased, so that upon impact of the projectile its kinetic energy can be converted extremely quickly and effectively into deformation energy. The safety of the practicing shooter and other people on the shooting range is considerably improved.

According to a second aspect of the invention, which can be combined with the above, the invention relates to a metallic bullet for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, the bullet comprising a frontal Ogivenabschnitt and a cylinder portion for holding the bullet in a cartridge case. The Ogivenabschnitt and / or the cylinder portion may be carried out as described above. Unlike as in hunting bullets, where with the mushrooming a Kronblatt-shaped In order to avoid splitting of the projectile, it may be desirable in practice cartridges that to avoid splintering a substantially symmetrical compression or folding radially inwardly without Kronblatt-shaped spreading should go hand in hand. A rotationally symmetrical compression or folding without spreading of the solid floor is ensured by the rotational symmetry of the Ogivenhohlraums, in particular free of steps and / or changes in the wall thickness of the Ogivenwand in the circumferential direction. The Ogivenhohlraum may be preferably bell-shaped in cross-section.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the ogive cavity has a bottom. The bottom of the Ogivenhohlraums is preferably arranged at the rear or remote from the projectile end face. Starting from the bottom of the Ogivenhohlraums extends according to the second aspect of the invention, a shaft in the cylinder portion. The shaft extending into the cylinder section may have a microchannel and / or a deformation cavity. The deformation cavity of the shaft can be shaped at least in sections cylindrically and / or at least in sections conically with an end-side taper. Preferably, the deformation cavity is heart-shaped or ideal-cone-shaped.

By providing, according to the second aspect of the invention, a solid floor having an interior space having a further axially extending deformation cavity adjacent the ogive cavity, a radial impact deformation of the training cartridge loft becomes over most or even the entire length of the projectile Length of the projectile favors. The well extending from the bottom of the ogive cavity into the barrel portion may also be referred to as a gap or a throat. A crevasse-like shaft can be realized, for example, by a parabolic funnel-shaped taper starting from the outer cavity, which provides a particular capillary-like microchannel. A capillary-like microchannel preferably has a microscopic opening width. Along a capillary-like microchannel or capillary section, the shaft is at least partially narrowed or constricted such that the shaft inner wall is shaped into a line-like constriction. A fusion of the metal material of the solid floor transversely to its axial direction, in particular with the abolition of the metal grain boundaries, preferably does not take place along the capillary section.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Ogivenwand on an Ogivenwandstärke and the solid floor forms in the cylinder portion in the axial direction at least partially an annular deformation sleeve wall having a deformation sleeve wall thickness. The deformation sleeve wall thickness is greater than the Ogivenwandstärke. Preferably, the outer wall extends over at least 50%, preferably over at least 55% and / or over at most 75%, preferably at most 60%, of the projectile length. The axial extent of the deformation sleeve wall preferably stretches between the bottom of the hollow cavity and, if present, the trunk portion of the solid floor or the lowermost end or foot or heck of the solid floor. The inner side of the deformation sleeve wall peripherally delimits a preferably rotationally symmetric deformation cavity and / or microchannel. The inside of the annular deformation sleeve wall may have a diagonal clear width, preferably span a clear diameter, which changes in particular in the axial direction. In a microchannel, the clear width may extend diagonally between the opposing deformation sleeve inner sides over 10 μm and 1 μm, for example between 10 μm and 500 μm or approximately 100 μm. A microchannel may also have a capillary section with an average clear width of less than 10 μm or 1 μm. The rear or foot-side shaft end is preferably formed dome-shaped or blind hole-like at the flat end of the stump.

In the Ogivenhohlraum the clear width can be up to several millimeters. For example, in the case of a caliber 9 mm luger according to the invention, an ogive cavity can have a clear width of up to 8 mm, preferably up to 7.5 mm, in particular about 7.46 mm.

In particular, the mean deformation sleeve thickness (determined in the radial direction over the height of the deformation sleeve section in the axial direction) is greater than the average outer wall thickness (determined in the radial direction over the axial height of the Ogivenabschnitts). Preferably, the smallest deformation sleeve wall thickness is greater than the largest wall thickness. Preferably, the particular largest or average Ogivenwandstärke is smaller than half of the largest outer radius of the basement, in particular greater than half of the full-caliber caliber. Alternatively or additionally, the Deformationshülsen wall thickness is less than or equal to the radius of the basement, in particular less than or equal to half the caliber of the basement. The Ogivenwandstärke may in particular be less than 1/4 of the largest radius of the basement, less than 1/8 or less than 1/10 of the half-storey radius. In particular, the Ogivenwandstärke is smaller than 3 mm, smaller than 2 mm, smaller than 1.5 mm, smaller than 1 mm or smaller than 0.8 mm. In particular, the Ogivenwandstärke greater than 0.1 mm, greater than 0.3 mm, greater than 0.5 mm or greater than 1 mm. Preferably, the average wall thickness is between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm thick.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid floor is blunt end face. For example, a blunt solid floor may have a flattened projectile end. Preferably, the opening angle of the blunt solid floor at its front-most front point, which may be referred to as a peak, be greater than 150 °. The opening angle of the obtuse projectile at its tip is preferably between 150 ° and 180 °, in particular at about 180 °. One millimeter axially away from the top of an obtuse bullet, an opening angle tangent (the bullet outside) may be greater than 120 °, and more preferably between 120 ° and 140 °, for example about 130 °. At a distance of 2 mm in the axial direction from the blunt point of a projectile, an opening angle tangent (a second location on the outside of the projectile) may be greater than 90 °, for example between 90 ° and 110 °, in particular about 100 °.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid floor on an end-side opening, which opens into the Ogivenhohlraum. A smallest or inner diameter of the opening is greater than the average or smallest Ogivenwandstärke and / or is greater than the opening width of a microchannel and / or greater than 1 mm, 2 mm or even 3 mm. Preferably, the opening width is less than 7 mm, less than 5 mm or less than 4 mm. Particularly preferred are solid projectiles with a frontal opening width of about 1.3 mm +/- 0.15 mm. Surprisingly, with such a dimension, a particularly good aerodynamics and an advantageous mushroom behavior, in particular for solid copper bullets, has resulted.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fully cylindrical stem portion extends in the axial direction over less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, or less than 1 mm. Alternatively or additionally, at the rear end of the solid floor, a dome may be recessed, which may be, for example dome-shaped, conical or frustoconical. The dome is preferably provided coaxially and / or concentrically with the axis of symmetry or rotation axis A of the projectile. The full material trunk height extends in the presence of a dome between the bullet-front apex and the rear end of the shaft, which forms the micro-channel and / or deformation cavity. Preferably, the dome is frusto-conical or conical with an opening angle between 100 ° and 140 °, preferably about 100 °, and / or a dome depth in the axial direction of at least 0.5 mm or at least 1 mm and at most 2.5 mm, preferably at most 2 mm, in particular about 1.5 mm. In particular, the calotte is rotationally symmetrical. At the rear end of the cylinder portion can radially outside a phase, preferably a frustoconical phase, with an opening angle between 30 ° and 90 °, in particular about 60 °, and a phase height of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, in particular about 0.5 mm be educated. The calotte volume is less than 15 mm ³ , preferably less than 10 mm ³ , in particular about 9.8 mm ³ .

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an inner contour surrounding the outer cavity, which is defined in particular by the outer wall, is completely rounded in the axial direction, preferably formed step-free, and / or has only rounded edges. The inner contour of the Ogivenhohlraums runs completely stepless in the axial direction and / or completely without jump rounded, so preferably no pronounced notch effect arises.

According to a preferred embodiment, the solid floor corresponds to the caliber 9 mm Luger. With a projectile outside diameter of 9.02 mm in a solid projectile formed as a caliber 9 mm Luger, the void volume of the Ogivenhohlraums and optionally the frontal opening and / or a deformation cavity and / or a microchannel between 150 mm ³ and 200 mm ³ , preferably between 185 mm ³ and 192 mm ³ , in particular about 189 mm ³ lie. The mass of a 9 mm Luger caliber according to the invention can be about 6.1 g.

In a preferred embodiment of a solid floor according to the invention, this corresponds to a caliber .357 Mag., And may have an outer diameter of more than 9.12 mm. In a solid caliber .357 Mag caliber according to the invention, the void volume of the ogive cavity and possibly the cavity of the front opening and / or the deformation cavity and / or a microchannel can be between 150 mm ³ and 220 mm ³ , in particular approximately 196 mm ³ .

In a preferred embodiment, the solid floor according to the invention corresponds to the .40 S & W caliber. A caliber .40 S & W solid caliber according to the invention may have an outer diameter of 10.17 mm. In a caliber .40 S & W caliber bullet according to the invention, the void volume may be between 250 mm ³ and 290 mm ³ , preferably between 260 mm ³ and 280 mm ³ , in particular between 270 mm ³ and 273 mm ³ , for example about 271.5 mm ³ lie.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid floor corresponds to the .44 Rem caliber. Mag. An inventive bullet of the caliber .44 Rem. Mag. May have an outer diameter of 10.97 mm. In a caliber .44 Rem. Caliber according to the invention. Mag., The void volume of the Ogivenhohlraums and optionally the cavity of the frontal floor opening and / or the deformation cavity and / or the microchannel between 320 mm ³ and 360 mm ³ and in particular between 330 mm ³ and 350 mm ³ , preferably between 339 mm ³ and 343 mm ³ , more preferably between 340 mm ³ and 341 mm ³ , in particular about 340.5 mm ³ lie.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the basement corresponds to the .45 ACP caliber. In a caliber .45 ACP caliber bullet of the invention, the bullet outside diameter may be 11.48 mm. In a .45 ACP caliber inventive bullet, a void volume of the ogive cavity, and optionally an opening volume of a frontal bullet opening and / or a deformation cavity and / or a microchannel may be between 370 mm ³ and 410 mm ³ , preferably between 380 mm ³ and 400 mm ³ , in particular between 388 and 393 mm ³ , in particular between 389 mm ³ and 391 mm ³ , preferably about 390.5 mm ³ .

In the case of the inventive metal bullet for practice cartridges, the ogive section has an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity which is circumferentially peripheral from the ogive wall, in particular in the radial direction, preferably in its entirety.

The invention also relates to a tool arrangement, in particular a press arrangement, for producing metallic solid projectiles for practice cartridges, preferably with rotationally symmetrical Ogivenhohlraum, especially for preferably police practice shooting ranges. The tool arrangement according to the invention is designed in particular for producing a metallic solid floor as described above. A tool assembly according to the invention comprises a preforming press or a preforming station with a hollow cylindrical, in particular ideal cylindrical, bullet blank receiving or preforming die which is delimited in the axial direction by a bottom side, in particular a rear punch, a preform punch, preferably having a front surface in the axial direction at least in sections conical, in particular frusto-conical, tapered, in particular rotationally symmetrical preform section. In particular, the preforming punch further has a guide section which is complementary to the projectile blank receptacle in the radial direction and, in particular, adjoins the preform section in the axial direction.

According to the invention, the preform portion is movable relative to the bottom side for forming a bullet blank up to a preform end position in which the preform punch, bottom side and bullet blank receptacle define a preform cavity for the preformed bullet blank (first stage). The preforming press may include a drive for pressing the preform section into a bullet blank disposed in the bullet blank receptacle. The bottom side of the preforming station is preferably realized by a rear punch, which is movable in the axial direction relative to the preforming punch and / or the bullet blank receiving means.

According to the invention, in the preform end position, an axial distance between the bottom side of the preform press bullet blank receptacle (the bottom side of the preform station die) and the preform punch face is less than 45%, in particular less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% or less than 5%, a maximum height of the cavity in the axial direction. When the preform portion of the preform punch is frusto-conical, the largest height of the cavity may extend between the base of the truncated cone shape of the preform punch and a farthest part of the bottom side of the preform shot blank receptacle, preferably the front top of the rear punch.

According to a preferred embodiment of a tool arrangement according to the invention, the tool arrangement further comprises an inner contour molding press. The inner contour molding press or inner contour station has a hollow cylindrical, in particular ideal cylindrical, bullet blank receptacle or inner contour mold outer die which is delimited in the axial direction by an (inner contour) bottom side, in particular a rear punch. The inner contour molding press may comprise the same bullet blank receptacle and / or the same bottom side, preferably the same rear punch, as the preform press. The inner contour molding press may comprise a different bullet blank receptacle and / or another bottom side, preferably a different rear stamp, relative to the preform press. The inner contour forming press comprises an inner contour forming punch, comprising an inner contour forming section extending in the axial direction to a front surface of the inner contour forming punch. The inner contour molding portion is movable relative to the bottom side of the inner contour molding press for molding the bullet blank to an inner contour shape end position the inner contour forming punch, the bottom side and the bullet blank receptacle define an inner contour mold cavity for the inner contour molded bullet blank (second stage). The bottom side of the inner contour forming station is preferably realized by a rear punch which is movable relative to the inner contour forming punch and / or the bullet blank receiving in the axial direction.

The inner contour forming punch can have an inner contour forming punch guide section, which is designed to be complementary in shape to the projectile blank receptacle of the inner contour press in the radial direction and, in particular, adjoins the inner contour forming section in the axial direction. The inner contour molding press can have a drive for pressing the inner contour molding section into a projectile blank arranged in the bullet blank receptacle. The drive of the inner contour molding press may be the same or a different drive than that of the preforming press.

According to the preferred embodiment of the tool arrangement according to the invention, an axial distance between the bottom and the front surface of the inner contour press is greater than the axial section between the bottom of the preform press and the front surface of the preform punch in the preform end position especially in the inner contour shape end position. The use of mutually different preforming and inner contour pressing tools makes it possible to form a projectile blank in a preforming step without cutting, in particular by cold forming at least partially or completely sleeve-shaped by punching or punching, and introduce in a Innenktonturformschritt a predefined inner contour in the projectile blank. By using different tools, desired inner contours can be produced in a particularly precise manner, in particular by introducing desired pretensioning.

According to a preferred development of a press arrangement according to the invention, the front surface of the inner contour forming punch can be formed as a blunt cone tip, in particular with rounded front edge edges. A blunt cone tip may have an opening angle between 140 ° and 180 °, for example between 150 ° and 170 °, in particular about 160 °. If an inner contour forming punch with blunt cone tip and sleeve molding portion is provided with a substantially cylindrical outer contour (or a rounded front edge edge), it may be referred to as a round die. The rounded leading edge may have a radius of curvature of at least 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 1.5 mm or at least 2 mm and / or at most 10 mm, at most 5 mm, at most 3 mm or at most 2.5 mm. Preferably, an Ogiven radius of curvature near the tip is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm, in particular approximately 3.1 mm. Near the cylinder portion is an Ogiven radius of curvature between 10 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 20 mm and 30 mm, in particular about 23.5 mm.

According to a preferred development of a tool arrangement according to the invention, the inner contour molding section can be formed in the axial direction in sections, preferably completely, as a sleeve molding section with a substantially cylindrical or frusto-conical outer contour. A substantially cylindrical outer contour may have a draft angle of less than 1 °, in particular less than 0.5 °. For example, a substantially cylindrical sleeve molding portion may have a cylinder radius difference of about 0.03 mm with a cylinder length of about 6 mm. The inner contour molding section can have, in particular adjacent to a possibly provided guide section of the inner contour forming punch, for example as described above, a frusto-conical transition section extending radially from the inner contour forming section to the guide section, wherein the transition section preferably has an opening angle between 60 and 120 °, in particular 90 °.

In a preferred embodiment of the tool arrangement according to the invention, which can be combined with the previous one, the taper of the preform section of the preform punch is sharper than the preferably tapered outer contour (or substantially cylindrical outer contour) of the inner contour section, in particular of the sleeve molding section of the inner contour forming punch. It is clear that a sharper contour has a smaller opening angle than a blunt outer contour. According to this preferred development of the tool arrangement according to the invention, the inner contour forming punch is shorter and blunter in relation to the preform punch. Preferably, the preform punch is frusto-conical, in particular with a flat front surface and rounded front surface edge, and longer in the axial direction than the length of the inner contour forming punch. The inner contour forming punch may preferably be formed substantially full cylindrical with a blunt front surface and rounded front edge edge. Preferably, the inner contour punch is rotationally symmetrical. The forming die allows a substantial or complete piercing of the bullet blank in the axial direction. The inner contour forming stamp allows a compression of a part of the material of the solid basement to form a shoulder and the section forming a sleeve portion with relative large-volume inner cavity, which with one or more other tool (s) of the tool assembly is deformable to an Ogiven cavity.

According to a preferred embodiment of a tool assembly according to the invention, the tool assembly further comprises a setting press or setting station, which has a hollow cylindrical, in particular ideal cylindrical, metal blank receiving or setting die, which is limited in the axial direction by a bottom side, which is preferably realized by a rear punch is. Die or metal blank receptacle and bottom side (setting backstamp) of the setting press can in turn differ from the bullet blank receptacle and / or the bottom side of the preforming press and / or the inner contour forming press (preform and / or inner contour forming backstamp), or the same (n) be. In the execution of the tool assembly with setting presses, this further comprises a Seztstempel which is movable relative to the bottom side of the setting press for forming a metal blank to a setting end position in which the setting punch and the bullet blank receiving a setting cavity with predetermined lights Width for defining a constant outer diameter, in particular the caliber diameter of the metal blank form. The bottom side of the setting station is preferably realized by a rear punch, which is movable relative to the setting punch and / or the die in the axial direction.

The setting punch preferably comprises a centering projection projecting in the axial direction into the cavity, which is coaxial with the metal blank receptacle and / or the bottom side, for introducing a central, coaxial centering recess into the metal blank. Alternatively or additionally, the bottom side of the setting press on a particular relative to the metal blank holder and / or the setting coaxial coaxial, in the axial direction A protruding into the cavity dome shape for introducing a dome in the blank, which is preferably conical, frusto-conical or dome-shaped.

Additionally or alternatively, the bottom side of the blank holder of the setting press radially outwardly a circumferential wedge shape for forming a bullet tail phase or bullet tail phase for insertion of the bullet into the neck of a cartridge case and / or to form a so-called "boat-tail" have.

According to a preferred embodiment, which can be combined with the previous ones, a tool arrangement according to the invention further comprises an Ogiven molding press or die having a hollow cylindrical bullet receiving die or die in the axial direction through a concave, ogive-shaped bottom face, preferably a point punch. is delimited in particular with a blunt front end, and which has a bullet-foot or -stempel for holding and / or centering the foot end of the inner contour-shaped bullet blank, which is relative to the bottom side for molding the bullet to an Ogivenform-end position in which the bullet foot punch, the bullet billet receiver and the bottom side define a cavity defining a bullet negative with an ogive section and preferably immediately adjacent cylinder section.

The invention further relates to a method for producing metallic solid projectiles for practice cartridges, preferably with rotationally symmetrical Ogivenhohlraum, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges. In the method, a metal blank formed, in particular, of cut-to-length metal wire is preferably provided with a cylindrical outer surface. The provision of the metal blank can be carried out, for example, by separating a metal blank from a metal wire of predetermined length, predetermined mass and / or predetermined nominal diameter, in particular predetermined caliber diameter. To provide the metal blank, it can be cut to length from a metal wire, for example by sawing or milling, or without cutting, for example by punching or cutting.

Alternatively or additionally, a setting tool, such as a setting press or setting station, can be used to provide the metal blank. When providing a metal blank using a setting tool, for example, a metal blank having a predetermined mass, for example 1/10 g, 1/100 g or 1/1000 g of exactly metered mass, can be provided which in a subsequent setting step with a setting tool , preferably a setting press, in particular as described above, is brought to a predetermined nominal diameter. The provided metal blank is provided in particular with a fully cylindrical shape. If the metal blank is provided using a setting tool, as part of the setting step, for example, a frusto-conical centering recess can be introduced into the front side of the metal blank. When performing a setting step, at the foot-side end of the metal blank, which in the course of the manufacturing process is transformed into a foot-side projectile part to be inserted into the neck of a practice cartridge case, may be formed. When providing the metal blank, in particular in the setting step, for example, a dome and / or an outside phase or boat-tail shape can be formed on the rear side of the metal blank.

According to the invention, the metal blank is formed in a preforming step into a bullet blank (first stage) having a sleeve-shaped section which extends over more than half the size of the axial blank height at the conclusion of the preforming step, in particular the sleeve-shaped section having a preferably continuously tapering inner contour is formed. The inner contour of the sleeve-shaped portion of the bullet blank first stage may preferably be shaped cone-shaped and / or rotationally symmetrical. It is clear that the taper is tapering towards the foot end of the bullet blank. Preferably, the thickness of the sleeve wall increases in the axial direction of the bullet blank first stage in particular steadily. In the preforming step, the metal blank is preferably formed into a bullet blank having a substantially cylindrical outer side of constant diameter, forming an inner sleeve-shaped section with a preferably conically tapering inner contour.

In the preforming step, a fully cylindrical stem portion may remain at the rear of the bullet blank extending axially less than half, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, or less than 5% of the largest axial bullet blank height , For example, when the bullet blank is reshaped as described above, the largest axial bullet blank height extends between the upper ring end and the lower ring end of the bullet blank. Preferably, a fully cylindrical trunk portion of the bullet blank remains after the preforming step. Alternatively, in the preforming step, the first-stage projectile blank may have been completely sleeve-shaped such that the bullet blank (first stage) has been completely penetrated in the axial direction, in particular forming an axial passage. A fully penetrated bullet blank is completely sleeve-shaped (not just in sections). If a dome or the like is or was formed at the foot or tail, it is clear that this dome has a different inner contour than the preferably continuously tapering inner contour of the sleeve-shaped portion formed in the preforming step. In the fully permeated alternative embodiment of the bullet blank first stage is formed without remaining fully cylindrical stem portion, or with a remaining fully cylindrical stem portion of zero height. Preferably, in the preforming step, the nominal diameter of the outside of the metal blank in the first-stage bullet blank produced by the preforming step is maintained, in particular, unchanged.

In a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention, the (preformed) projectile blank (first stage) after the preforming step in an Innenkonturformschritt to (inside contour shaped) bullet blank (second stage) transformed, in such a way that a front or front sleeve portion of the bullet blank with a radially outer side sleeve wall substantially constant wall thickness and / or cylindrical inner contour is formed, and that a rear or foot-side sleeve portion of the bullet blank is formed with a radially inwardly projecting from the sleeve wall shoulder, and that of the shoulder in particular at the radially inner side edge outgoing shaft is formed, which extends into the rear sleeve portion of the bullet blank, which shaft in particular forms a microchannel and / or a deformation cavity, wherein the deformation cavity at least partially cylindrical and / or toindind est is formed in sections cone-shaped with an end-face taper.

The inner contour forming step can preferably take place with a particularly tapered and / or rotationally symmetrical inner contour forming punch, such as a round punch, preferably in a bullet blank receptacle or die. Preferably, in the inner contour forming step, the diameter of the outer cylindrical surface of the bullet blank is maintained.

At the conclusion of the inner contour molding step is preferably a distance in the axial direction between the shoulder of the bullet blank second stage and a lowermost end of the innenkonturgeformten bullet blank, which may also be referred to as a tail or foot, greater than the axial height of the completion of the preforming optionally present fully cylindrical Main section of the bullet blank. Preferably, at the front end of a microchannel the opposite shoulder surfaces touching each other. The bullet blank of the second stage can be formed in the inner contour forming step to form a capillary-type microchannel having an inner width of less than 10 .mu.m or 1 .mu.m. Between the end-side sleeve section and the optionally present on the rear side deformation cavity of the bullet blank, an hourglass-shaped constriction is preferably formed in the inner contour forming step. During the inner contour molding step, the shoulder extending rearwardly from the shoulder may be reshaped to form a cavity which is at least partially dissolved in the course of the inner contour molding step, in particular to form a microchannel by making the inner surface of the well close, preferably is led to a sectional or surface contact, each other.

According to a preferred development of the invention, in the inner contour forming step the projectile blank (second stage) is reshaped in such a way that the deformation cavity forms a waist-shaped constriction at the front side. When forming the waist-shaped constriction, in particular a microchannel is formed between the deformation cavity and the shoulder, in which the inner wall surface of the sleeve portion is brought together in a particularly touching manner.

Alternatively or additionally, according to a preferred development of the invention, a distance in the axial direction between the shoulder and the foot of the projectile blank (second stage) may be greater than the axial height of the fully cylindrical trunk portion of the projectile blank (first stage) which may be present at the conclusion of the preforming step.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises an Ogivenformschritt. In an Ogivenformschritt, which can be done after the preforming step and in particular after the inner contour forming step, the bullet blank, in particular the bullet blank second stage, so transformed that the end-side sleeve wall forms an at least partially ogive-shaped outer surface. In this case, in particular, an end-side opening can be maintained, which preferably opens into an oval cavity defined circumferentially by the sleeve wall. Preferably, the Ogivenhohlraum can be defined frontally of the shoulder. The Ogiven forming step can be effected, for example, by pressing the first or second stage bullet body into an ogive mold with an ogive-shaped inner contour by means of a rear punch, which holds the bullet blank on the rear side, so that the front-side sleeve wall passes through the preforming step and optionally the inner contour forming step is defined, is compressed radially inward. In the Ogiven molding step, preferably, an Ogi void is formed which is surrounded by the sleeve wall of the full joint. Preferably, in the Ogiven forming step, the bullet blank (first or second stage) is converted into a bullet in particular as described above. The formed in the Ogiven molding step Ogivenhohlraum is preferably formed completely edge free and / or with rounded edges and / or rounded inner contour in the axial direction. For example, the Ogivenhohlraum in the Ogiven molding step may be formed substantially bell-shaped.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, which can be combined with the embodiments or developments of the method as described above, the preforming step, the inner contour forming step and / or Ogiven forming step, as well as optionally the cutting step and / or the possibly to be performed setting step Non-cutting step, in particular by cold forming, preferably by pressing. A non-cutting inner contour forming step can take place, for example, by using a preferably tapered, in particular rotationally symmetrical inner contour forming punch, such as a round punch, in a bullet blank receptacle or die.

According to a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention for producing a metallic projectile for training cartridges further comprises one or more intermediate and / or post-treatment steps, such as coating steps. In one or more coating steps, a coating is applied to the outer and / or inner surface at least in sections, in particular completely. A coating is preferably applied at a coating thickness of less than 500 μm, less than 100 μm, less than 10 μm or less than 3 μm or 1 μm in thickness. A coating step may include, for example, a galvanic coating of the basement.

The method according to the invention for producing a metallic projectile for practice cartridges can be used, in particular, to produce a metallic solid floor according to the invention according to the first and / or second aspect of the invention. The method according to the invention for producing a metal bullet for practice cartridges can preferably be carried out using a tool assembly according to the invention for producing metal bullets for practice cartridges. It is clear that a metallic solid floor according to the invention (in particular according to the first and / or second aspect of the invention) can be manufactured according to one or more steps of the production method according to the invention. The invention also relates to a projectile produced by a method according to the invention for producing a metal bullet for practice cartridges as described above. A metallic solid floor according to the invention can preferably be produced with a tool arrangement according to the invention.

Preferably, the tool assembly according to the invention is configured to produce a solid floor according to the invention according to the first and / or second aspect of the invention. In particular, the tool arrangement according to the invention can be configured to carry out a production method according to the invention.

The invention also relates to a cartridge with one, in particular exactly one, according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention relates to a handgun, preferably a short weapon, such as a pistol or a revolver, or a submachine gun comprising at least five practice cartridges with inventive metallic solid floor. Preferably, the handgun or the basement for cartridges with a caliber of 20 mm, especially at most 12 mm designed. In particular, the cartridge or handgun for the caliber 9 mm Luger, .357 Mag., .40 S & W, .44 Rem. Mag. Or .45 ACP.

Further features, advantages and features of the invention are explained by the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

1a a plan view of a solid floor according to the invention according to a first embodiment;

1b a sectional view according to the section line I.-I. a solid floor according to the invention according to 1a ;

2 a sectional view of another solid floor according to the invention;

3 a sectional view of another solid floor according to the invention;

4 a sectional view of another solid floor according to the invention;

5 a sectional view of another solid floor according to the invention;

6 a sectional view of another solid floor according to the invention;

7 a schematic sectional view of a used solid floor according to the invention;

8th a setting press of a tool assembly;

9a a preform press of a tool assembly according to the invention;

9b a preformed bullet blank;

9c another preformed bullet blank;

10a an inner contour molding press;

10b an interior contour molded bullet blank; and

11 an Ogiven molding press.

1a shows a plan view of a full storey 1 and 1b a sectional view along the section line I.-I .. The basement 1 comprises a frontal Ogivenabschnitt 3 and a foot-side cylinder portion 5 , As in the sectional view according to 1b It is easy to see, is the basement 1 manufactured in one piece from a homogeneous material. The material of the storey 1 is preferably copper. The surface of the projectile 1 can be provided with a thin coating. In the Ogiven section 3 has the bullet 1 an ogive-like curved, rotationally symmetrical outer contour 34 at the front 13 of the projectile 1 from a circular opening 11 is broken. At the top or forehead 13 of the projectile 1 is the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1 concentric and preferably rotationally symmetrical opening 11 provided with the opening diameter d _o . Starting from the bullet point 13 The Ogivenwand extends like a dome 31 with ogivenförmiger outer contour 34 , The outer contour 34 describes in the axial direction A, starting from the projectile nose 13 a continuously rounded expanding Ogivenform. Near the top 3 has the bullet 1 a rounding radius of about 3.1 mm. Near the cylinder section is the radius of curvature of the outer contour 34 at about 23.5 mm.

The opening angle of the outer contour 34 with respect to the axis of rotation A is first (near the projectile tip 13 ) blunt, so in particular as a result of the frontal opening 11 , a dull bullet tip 13 is formed with an opening angle of 150 ° to 180 °, preferably about 180 °. Starting from the blunt tip 13 of the projectile 1 takes the opening angle of the outer contour 34 of the Ogiven section 3 preferably continuously.

In which 1 shown full storey 1 the opening angle is based on a tangent of the outer contour 34 at an axial distance of about 1 mm from the blunt tip 13 of the projectile 1 between 120 ° and 140 °, in particular at about 130 °.

At a distance of about 2 mm in the axial direction A to the blunt tip 13 of the projectile 1 is the tangential opening angle between 110 ° and 90 °, in particular about 100 °. At the in 1 shown full storey 1 runs the ogive-shaped outer contour 34 of the Ogiven section 3 such that after about 8 mm to 11 mm, preferably between 9 mm and 10 mm, in particular at about 9.6 mm, oriented in the axial direction A tangent to the outer contour 34 substantially parallel to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1 runs. From this point, the outer contour extends 34 in the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 , By doing cylinder section 5 the outer contour runs 34 of the projectile 1 essentially ideal cylindrical. In the cylinder section 5 is the outer contour 34 of the projectile 1 essentially continuously parallel to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1 arranged. The cylinder section 5 defines the largest diameter D _Z , which may be referred to as a bullet diameter or caliber diameter. The outer diameter D _{Z of} a bullet for a 9 mm Luger training cartridge can measure 9.02 mm. The cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 is intended to be inserted at least partially in the axial direction A into the neck (not shown) of a cartridge case (not shown).

The cylinder portion extends in the axial direction of the projectile 1 over 5 mm to 10 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm, in particular between 7 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 7.2 mm and 7.8 mm, more preferably it is about 7.5 mm.

At the from the top or end face 13 distant end 71 of the projectile 1 has the bullet 1 a flat, or transversely, in particular at right angles to the axis of rotation A extending foot section or foot. In the foot 71 of the projectile 1 can a dome 73 may be introduced, which is preferably coaxial to the rotation axis A and concentric. The dome 73 is preferably conical and tapers at the front. A frontally tapered calotte 73 may alternatively be dome-shaped or frusto-conical, for example. The dome 73 preferably has a depth of 1.5 mm in the axial direction A.

The rear side edge 75 between the flat stern 71 and the cylindrical outer contour 34 in the area of the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 is preferably by a phase-like cone section 75 realized. The cone section 75 For example, 1 mm can extend in the axial direction A and have an opening angle of preferably approximately 60 °. A cone section 75 can also be formed as a longer and / or sharper so-called "boat-tail" section.

The projectile 1 has a bell-shaped, rotationally symmetrical Ogivenhohlraum 33 on, the fully radial direction R of the Ogivenwand 31 is surrounded. The front of the Ogivenhohlraum opens 33 in the opening 11 of the projectile 1 , The narrowest clear width of the opening 11 defines an opening diameter d _o , which is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably about 3 mm, large. The inner wall 15 the opening 11 surrounds the opening 11 annular. Preferably, the inner wall forms 15 a circumferentially radially and / or axially stepless ring edge. In particular, the inner wall 15 the opening 11 edge-free and / or fully rounded transition into the outer contour 34 of the Ogiven section 3 , As in the 1a shown plan view of the projectile 1 good to see is the inner wall 15 the opening 11 in the circumferential direction without interruption. The inner wall 15 is preferably free of axially extending notches and / or steps. The summit 13 of the projectile 1 is preferably by a substantially smooth annular transition from the inner wall 15 to the outer contour 34 educated.

In the axial direction A opens the opening 11 into the Ogiven cavity 33 , The transition from the opening 11 to the Ogiven cavity 33 may preferably be completely rounded. In the illustrated embodiment of a projectile according to 1b is between the Ogiven cavity 33 and the opening 11 a blunt edge rim edge formed with an obtuse angle greater than 135 °.

The inner contour 32 the Ogivenwand 31 that the shape of the Ogivencave 33 circumferentially defined, is continuously rounded in the axial direction A. The inner contour 32 the Ogivenwand 31 is preferably completely rotationally symmetrical in the circumferential direction and in particular continuously rounded. In the circumferential direction, the inner contour 32 holding the Ogiven cavity 33 surrounds, no steps, cracks, edges or protrusions. The Ogivenwand 31 is circumferentially preferably completely free of axial grooves, projections, notches or the like.

The floor 35 of the Ogiven cavity 33 is through shoulders 35 formed, starting from the Ogivenwand 31 projecting radially inward. The curves of the inner contour 32 preferably go step-free and / or edge-free, preferably completely rounded, in the ground 35 above. The curves of the inner contour 32 along the Ogivenwand 31 are preferably formed with radii of curvature that are at least 0.5 mm to 5 mm in size. Preferably, the inner contour 32 the Ogivenwand 31 Curvature radii which are at least 0.5, at least 0.75 or at least 1 mm in size.

The wall thickness of the Ogivenwand 31 in the radial direction R is preferably between 0.3 mm and 3 mm. In particular, the wall thickness of the Ogivenwand 31 between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. The smallest wall thickness in the radial direction of the Ogivenwand 31 is preferably more than 0.5 mm, preferably between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm. The wall thickness can be greater than 1 mm across the wall.

An inventive solid floor 1 may have a cavity containing the Ogivenhohlraum 33 and the opening 11 includes, which in the axial direction A completely at least over the Ogivenabschnitt 3 extends.

The inward shoulder 35 covering the bottom of the Ogiven cavity 33 defined, and preferably the Ogivenhohlraum 33 in particular completely bounded in the axial direction A foot side, may center an opening or mouth 37 exhibit. The height of the Ogiven section 3 in the axial direction A has the reference l _O. The estuary 37 is preferably concentric with the axial direction A and / or coaxial. Starting from the mouth 37 extends in the axial direction A foot side of the Ogivenhohlraums 33 a shaft 55 in the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1 , The shaft 55 begins at the foot of the Ogivenhohlraum 33 , The shaft 55 can be with a maw-like opening or mouth 37 into the Ogiven cavity 33 to open. The in 1b Shaft shown 55 has a microchannel 57 and a deformation cavity 53 on. In the area of the microchannel 57 collide with each other diagonally opposite shaft inner edge sections together. In the area of the microchannel 57 a capillary section can be formed in which, in the axial direction A, a channel proceeds from the outer cavity 33 Projectile rear side having a clear width of less than 10 microns or less than 1 micron. The microchannel 57 has a clear width, which is preferably significantly lower than the opening diameter d _{o of} the opening 11 at the top 13 of the projectile 1 , Preferably, the inside width of the microchannel 57 smaller than 2 mm, in particular smaller than 1 mm.

The shaft mouth 37 For example, a kind of funnel-shaped transition region between the shaft 55 and the Ogivin cavity 33 form. Preferably, the floor goes 35 of the Ogiven cavity 33 , in particular stepless and / or edge-free, rounded in the mouth 37 above. The estuary 37 is preferably rounded in the other sections, such as the micro-channel 57 and / or the deformation cavity 53 , of the shaft 55 above.

Foot side of the microchannel 57 points the shaft 55 a deformation cavity which widens in a substantially conical manner in the rear direction 53 on. The deformation cavity 53 has in the axial direction A rear side a substantially flat, preferably transverse, in particular perpendicular, extending to the axial direction A in the radial direction R flat end. Towards the tip or end face is the deformation cavity 53 wedge-shaped, in particular conical, and sharpened.

The shaft 55 is at least partially or in the axial direction rotationally symmetrical with respect to the projectile axis A. In the radial direction R is the shaft 55 from a deformation sleeve wall 51 of the projectile 1 surround. The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 is greater than the wall thickness of the Ogivenwand 31 , In particular, the smallest wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 larger than the largest radial wall thickness of the Ogivenwand 31 , The wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 can be between half and ¼ of the cylinder diameter (or caliber diameter) D _Z. Preferably, the wall thickness of the deformation sleeve wall 51 greater than 2/3, greater than ¾ or even greater than 90% of the half (caliber) cylinder diameter D _Z.

The wall thickness of the Ogivenwand in the axial area of the Ogivenhohlraums 33 is preferably smaller in the middle than 1/4 of the (caliber) cylinder diameter D.

The axial height l _{H of} the deformation sleeve wall 51 that the shaft 55 extends in the axial direction between 5 and 10 mm, preferably between 6 and 9 mm, in particular between 7 and 8 mm, preferably starting from the shoulder bottom 35 of the Ogiven cavity 33 , The axial height of the deformation cavity 53 is greater than the length of the microchannel section 57 , In particular, the axial height of the deformation cavity 53 at least twice as large as the axial height of the microchannel 57 ,

The cylinder section 5 extends from the foot or tail 71 of the projectile until the Ogiven section 3 over 3 mm to 10 mm (height 1 _Z ), preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm, in particular over about 6 mm.

The calotte preferably has a rear outer diameter of 4 to 6 mm, in particular 5 mm. Instead of the illustrated truncated cone section 75 Can the edge between the stern 71 and the cylindrical outer contour 34 in the area of the cylinder section 5 completely rounded with a radius of curvature between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.4 and 1 mm. Because in the cylinder section 5 a rearward expanding deformation cavity 53 is provided, and optionally a dome 73 , can be achieved that the focus of the projectile 1 in the axial direction A in the direction of the end face of the projectile 1 relocated. The deformation cavity 53 and optionally the calotte 73 serves or serve insofar as mass balance relative to the front side provided Ogivenhohlraum 33 , By adjusting the axial scale of the projectile center of gravity, its flight characteristics can be optimized. For example, an inventive bullet for practice cartridges to achieve similar ballistic properties, such as weight, where appropriate center of gravity, and / or shot sensation, according to authority usual practice cartridges or cartridges, for example, the 9x19 ACTION 4 be designed.

This in 1b and 1a illustrated full storey 1 has a massive, fully cylindrical bullet trunk 7 or trunk section, in which the projectile in the axial direction A in the form of a solid, in particular cavity-free solid cylinder is formed. The strain 7 has in particular centrally, coaxial with the projectile axis A, no cavity, in particular no cavity which extends axially in the form of a thin Kapillarkanals to form inner edges. Preferably, the fully cylindrical trunk 7 an ideal cylindrical outside. In an alternative embodiment of a projectile with a boat-tail, the trunk can 7 on the outside, at least in sections, be frustoconical. In a section transversely, in particular perpendicular to the axis of rotation A of the projectile 1 , is the trunk cross section 7 circular. The height of the trunk 7 between the stern 71 or one in the rear 71 trained calotte 73 and the rear end of the deformation cavity 53 (Trunk height l _S ) is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, in particular less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm. According to an alternative embodiment of a projectile according to the invention the projectile can be completely penetrated in the axial direction waiving a trunk. Such projectiles are described in more detail below.

The 2 to 6 show different alternative embodiments of inventive solid projectiles for practice cartridges. The in the 2 to 6 shown full floors correspond largely to the in 1b shown full storey. The full storeys of 2 to 6 differ from the full storey 1 according to 1b by the nature, shape and size of the well extending from the ogive cavity into the barrel portion of the projectile. The full storeys of 1b to 6 have virtually the same outer contour, in particular the same dimensions in the axial direction A and / or radial direction R. For ease of reading the figure description are hereinafter for the 2 to 6 for similar or identical parts of the solid floor according to the invention the same or similar reference numerals.

2 shows a full storey 1.2 that is different from the full storey 1 according to 1b essentially different in that the inner walls of the shaft 55.2 are merged in the axial direction A over a greater length than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2 ,

At the full storey 1.2 is the axial height of the microchannel section 57.2 greater than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2 , in particular at least twice as large. At the full storey 1.2 points the shaft 55.2 a maw-like mouth 37.2 on, which is funnel-shaped from the microchannel 57.2 to the ground 35.2 of the Ogiven cavity 33 expands. Between the foot-side end of the frontally conically tapered deformation cavity 53.2 and the dome 73 at the foot 71 of the projectile 1.2 has the bullet 1.2 a trunk 7.2 on. The axial height of the trunk 7.2 is greater than the axial height of the deformation cavity 53.2 , A deformation bullet 1.2 according to 2 can for example arise from the fact that according to a target specification a deformation bullet 1 as in figure 1b shown to be manufactured, but more metal material is provided for manufacturing. The excess material compared to the shape of the storey 1 will be at the full storey 1.2 tolerated by the opposite inner side sections of the shaft 55.2 be pushed closer to each other in the radial direction R.

3 shows a full storey 1.3 with a tubular shaft 55.3 , The shaft 55.3 of the storey 1.3 forms in the axial direction A coaxial with the axis of rotation A of the storey 1.3 extending deformation tube 58.3 with a substantially constant width. The deformation tube 58.3 can have a constriction in the axial direction in the middle. The shaft 55.3 has a deformation cavity 53.3 extending over essentially the entire length of the shaft 55.3 to its mouth 37.3 extends. The deformation tube 58.3 or the micro-channel of the storey 1.3 can as a sectionally cylindrical deformation cavity 53.3 be considered, at the mouth 37.3 into the Ogiven cavity 33 passes. The deformation sleeve 51.3 of the storey 1.3 so far has a cylindrical outer side and a nearly cylindrical, waisted inside, the deformation tube 58.3 Are defined. The largest clear width of the deformation tube 58.3 is smaller than the clear width of the front opening 11 , in particular narrower than half, preferably narrower than ¼ of the clear width. The wall thickness in the radial direction R of the deformation sleeve 51.3 is greater than the average wall thickness of the Ogivenhülse 31.3 ,

4 shows a full storey 1.4 for a practice cartridge, where the shaft 55.4 in the axial direction A to form a trunk 7.4 similarly shaped as the shaft 55.3 of the storey 1.3 according to 3 , The shaft 55.4 is a microchannel along its entire axial length 57.4 narrowed, preferably capillary from the mouth 37.4 in the cylinder section 5 of the storey 1.4 extends. The clear width of the microchannel 57.4 is preferably less than 1/10, in particular less than 1/100 of the clear width of the frontal opening 11 of the storey 1.4 , Shoulders 35.4 of the storey 1.4 are so close to each other, that the mouth 37.4 of the shaft 55.4 is narrowed point-like. The full storey 1.4 is formed under substantially complete dissolution of the deformation cavity. This can be considered a further narrowing of the shaft 55.4 compared to the shaft 55.2 of the storey 1.2 or the shaft 55 of the storey 1 be considered. Compared to the full storeys 1 . 1.2 and 1.3 has the full storey 1.4 an increased solid material volume, since the cylinder section 5 of the storey 1.4 despite the formation of a deformation sleeve section 51.4 having practically the same mass as the known from the prior art solid floor (but no deformation sleeve 51.4 features).

Opposite in the 1b to 4 shown full floors 1 . 1.2 . 1.3 respectively. 1.4 differ in the 5 and 6 shown full floors 1.5 respectively. 1.6 in that the shaft 55.5 respectively. 55.6 the cylinder section 5 of the projectile 1.5 respectively. 1.6 completely penetrates. The full floors 1.5 respectively. 1.6 do not have a cylindrical trunk section. In other words, has a fully cylindrical trunk section in the in the 5 and 6 shown full floors 1.5 respectively. 1.6 the height is zero.

The full storey 1.5 , this in 5 is shown, has a tubular shaft 55.5 with a clearance which is nearly constant in the axial direction and which extends completely through the cylinder section 5 extends. The continuous deformation tube 58.5 of the storey 1.5 As a result, the cylinder section 5 completely as a deformation sleeve 51.5 is realized. The deformation tube 58.5 can as a deformation cavity 53.5 or shaft 55.5 considered to be essentially cylindrical from the mouth 37.5 up to the calotte 73 of the storey 1.5 extends. It is clear that a shaft completely penetrating into the projectile 55.5 also to the rear 71 of the projectile 1.5 can extend when the rear of the bullet 1.5 no dome 73 is provided (not shown). The same applies to the shaft 55.6 according to 6 , The projectile 1.5 may be referred to as a completely sleeve-shaped solid floor. It has a continuous axial channel, which is composed of the frontal opening 11 , the Ogiven cavity 33 and the deformation tube 58.5 , The smallest clear width of this axial channel corresponds to the smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 , The smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 or the microchannel of the storey 1.5 defines a diameter smaller than that of the front opening. The smallest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 is preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm. The largest clear width of the deformation tube 58.5 is preferably at the transition to the Ogivenhohlraum (the mouth 37.5 ) and / or the dome-side or rear-side opening realized and measures preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm. Preferably, the radial difference between the smallest clear width and the largest clear width of the cylinder portion 5 penetrating deformation tube 58.5 less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 200 μm, in particular less than 100 μm.

At the in 6 shown full storey 1.6 is the shaft 55.6 , which the cylinder section 5 in the axial direction A completely penetrates, partially to a microchannel 57.6 rejuvenated. The microchannel 57.6 may preferably be formed capillary with a clear width of less than 10 microns, preferably less than 1 micron. Preferably, the capillary narrowed portion of the microchannel extends 57.6 over at least half, preferably at least 2/3, in particular at least ¾ of the axial length of the shaft 55.6 , The shaft 55.6 can be frontally, at the mouth 37.6 , and / or at the rear, at the mouth to the calotte 37 or the bullet tail 71 to a tubular or tubular microchannel 57.6 be widened with greater latitude. Similar to the one in 4 shown full storey 1.4 has the full storey 1.6 according to 6 practically the same mass as the well-known from the prior art solid floor for practice cartridges (which, however, no deformation sleeve 51.6 or the like).

7 shows a schematic sectional view of a solid floor according to the invention 1' after its impact on a target, a bullet-proof vest, such as a ballistic vest of protection class I. The deformed by the impact of the solid floor 1' is both in the area of the Ogivenabschnitts 3. ' as well as in the area of the cylinder section 5 ' clearly compressed. Which is in the cylinder section 5 ' of the storey 1' extending shaft 55 ' is due to the impact of the projectile 1' expanded to the target or the like under plastic deformation. In contrast to the known full storeys, the plastic deformation takes place in the form of an upsetting and over a significantly enlarged axial length in the axial direction A of the storey 1' so that in the inventive bullet whose kinetic energy is converted in the impact to a resistance in a relatively greater efficiency in plastic deformation energy than conventional bullets. The collision with a resistance, in particular a soft target, such as SK I, is accompanied by only a slight transverse deformation of the projectile. Preferably, the Ogivenhülsenwand folds 31 on impact radially outward. When folding, a radially outermost ring kink can occur 31 ' form. Preferably, no mushrooming of the projectile takes place Migration of the projectile tip, in particular beyond the radial caliber diameter, in the radial direction to the outside. Upon impact with the resistor, the shaft widens 55 ' both in the area of the possibly existing micro-channel section 57 ' as well as in the area of a possibly existing deformation cavity 53 ' in the radial direction R on. In the inventive storey 1' deform both the Ogivenhülsenwand 31 ' as well as the deformation sleeve wall 51 ' ,

The above-described full floors according to the preferred embodiments of 1 to 7 refer to full rounds for practice cartridges according to the caliber 9 mm Luger, which is also very common in Germany, also known as 9 mm para or 9 × 19 (mm). The skilled person is clear that he can produce a corresponding bullet geometry for a solid floor according to the invention for other calibers. The person skilled in the art knows how to scale the projectile length l _D and / or the (caliber) projectile diameter D _Z for this purpose, in order to arrive at a corresponding inventive caliber of another caliber, for example caliber .357 mag. Caliber .40 S & W, the caliber .44 Rem. Mag. Or caliber .45 ACP.

In the following, with the help of 8th to 11 a tool assembly according to the invention for carrying out a manufacturing method according to the invention for the production of inventive metal bullets for practice cartridges described.

8th shows a setting press 100 which may be part of a tool arrangement according to the invention. The setting press 100 has as essential components a metal blank receptacle 105x , a stern stamp with a bottom side 107x and a set stamp 115x on. The set stamp 115x preferably has a cylindrical outer diameter, which is substantially the inner diameter of the metal blank receptacle 105x equivalent. The inner diameter of the metal blank holder 105x is preferably dimensioned according to the desired caliber diameter of the projectile to be produced.

8th shows a setting press 100 in a position where the set-stamp 115 in its operationally most widely introduced position with respect to the bottom side 107x or the metal blank holder 105x is arranged (setting end position). Between the front 113x of the set stamp 115x , the cylindrical inside of the metal blank receptacle 105x and the bottom side 107x is formed a cavity in which a metal blank 1x located. The in 8th shown metal blank 1x has a center punch, which by a centering projection of the setting press 100 at the front 13x of the metal blank 1x is introduced. At the rear 71x of the metal blank 1x opposite its front 13x has the fully cylindrical metal blank 1x centrally and concentrically a dome-shaped indentation by a correspondingly shaped, conical dome-shaped nose 173x at the bottom side 107x , ie the front of the tail stamp. Radially outside shows the metal blank 1x at the rear side 71x a phase-like truncated cone section 75x on that in the edge area between the stern 71x and the cylindrical peripheral side 5x of the metal blank 1x is arranged. The phase-side truncated cone section 75x is by corresponding taper in the transition region between the rear punch and the cylindrical inner wall of the setting die 105x Are defined.

To set-forming the metal blank 1x in the setting press 100 First, a substantially cylindrical metal blank (not shown) is provided, which has been cut to length, for example, by a copper wire. The cutting can be done by cutting, for example by sawing or milling, or without cutting, for example by punching or cutting done. The cut-to-size metal blank is then inserted into the metal blank receptacle 105x placed. Subsequently, a relative movement of the setting stamp takes place 115x relative to the bottom side 107x instead, until the cavity between the set-stamp 115x , the die or metal blank holder 105x and the bottom side 107x to the in 8th shown setting end position is reduced. The bottom side 107x The press is formed by the front-side top of a rear punch. In the setting press, the transformation of the metal blank to the in 8th illustrated metal blank 1x by press-forming, ie cold forming. The setting of the metal blank which is used for forming into a projectile, in particular in a setting press 100 , is an optional step of the manufacturing process of the invention. A metal blank may also be provided without prior setting step, immediately after cutting from a metal wire, such as a copper wire, into a preforming press or for a preforming step.

9a shows a preforming press 101 a tool assembly according to the invention. The 9b Federation 9c show bullet blanks 1a . 1a ' (first stage), which were manufactured in a preforming press.

The preforming press 101 has as essential components a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle 105a on and a bottom side 107a , in the axial direction A, the bullet blank receptacle 105a limited, and a preform stamp 111 with an axial direction to a front surface 113 frusto-conical tapered preform section 112 , The preform stamp 111 has a cylindrical guide section 115 complementary to the cylindrical inner diameter of the bullet billet receiver 105a is shaped to guide the preform punch in the preform pressing operation. The floor area 107a is formed as part of a stern stamp. The ejection punch or tail stamp defines, preferably together with the lower end portion of the preforming die 105a , the geometry of the stern 71 (if necessary with dome 73 ) of the bullet blank 1a . 1a ' (first level).

9a shows the preform press 101 with the preform stamp 111 in proper end position (preform end position), in between the preform punch, the bullet blank shot 105a and the bottom side 107a a preform cavity for defining the inner and / or outer contour of the bullet blank 1a (first level) is defined. To form a rotationally symmetric Ogivenhohlraums is the preform section 112 of the preform stamp 111 presently formed frusto-conical and rotationally symmetrical. In the in 9a illustrated preform end position is between the ground 107a and the front surface 113 of the preform stamp 111 an axial distance h _s formed. At the in 9a illustrated embodiment has the bottom 107a a dome forming nose which extends conically into the cavity from a flat, annular root surface in the axial direction. The preform axial distance h _s or the preform stem height is measured in this embodiment of the preforming press between the tip of the dome forming nose 171a the rear punch and the front surface 113 of the preform stamp 111 , In another (not shown) embodiment of a preforming press 101 in which the ground 107a without dome-shaped nose 173a is configured, the preform stem height h _{s would be} between the flat foot molding section 171a the rear punch and the front surface 113 of the preform stamp 111 extend.

The preform stamp 111 has a tapered preform section 112 in a frontal area 113 empties. The front surface 113 can be very narrow. The preform section 112 according to 9a the shape has a truncated cone rotationally symmetrical to the axis A. Other rotationally symmetrical tapered shapes, for example a parabolic shape or a sectionally rounded shape, are conceivable. The base of the preform section 112 has the same outer diameter as the guide section 115 of the preform stamp 111 , In the preform end position, the 9a is between the base of the preform section 112 and the rear surface 171a the bottom side 107a , bwz. a maximum height of the cavity h _Ra formed. The largest cavity height h _Ra extends in the preforming press 101 between the rear surface 171a and from the foot area 171a farthest point, at which preferably the preform section 112 of the preform stamp 111 on the inside of the hollow cylindrical Geschossrohlingaufnahme 105a meets. According to the invention, in the preform end position, a trunk height corresponding to the axial distance h _{S is} less than 45%, preferably less than 40%, in particular less than 25%, more preferably less than 10%, of the cavity height h _Ra . The length of the preform section 112 in the axial direction A, starting from the front surface 113 of the preform stamp 111 is between 5 mm and 25 mm, preferably between 8 mm and 17 mm, in particular between 10 mm and 15 mm, particularly preferably between 13.5 mm and 14 mm. The diameter of the front surfaces is preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm, in particular about 2 mm.

The tool arrangement according to the invention for the setting press 100 and the preforming press 101 can the same bullet blank shot 105a or metal blank holder 105x (same die) and / or the same bottom side 107a respectively. 107x (use the same stern stamp). In a tool arrangement according to the invention, the bullet blank receptacle 105a respectively. 105b (the die) and / or the bottom surface 107a respectively. 107b (the tail stamp) of the preforming press 101 and the inner contour molding press 103 be the same. The setting press 100 , Preforming press 101 , the inner contour molding press 103 and / or the Ogivenformpresse 200 may be partially or completely different from each other realized by each an individual setting station, preforming station, Innenkonturformstation and / or Ogivenformstation.

The in the preforming press 101 by pressing the punch 111 in the bullet blank receptacle 105a The metal blank which is present generates the first-stage bullet blank 1a , as in 9b shown. At the bullet blank 1a remains a trunk height l _s between the stump end 113a the angular frustoconical inner contour 32 and the rear end 71a or the dome recess formed therein 73 , The trunk height l _s extending in the axial direction A substantially corresponds to the preform axial distance h _{s in} accordance with FIG 9a , wherein metal material settling of the bullet blank 1a to take into account. In the axial region of the trunk height l _s is the bullet blank 1a with a fully cylindrical trunk section 7a educated. In the fully cylindrical trunk section 7a has the bullet blank 1a transverse to the axial direction A a solid full circular cross-section. The trunk section 7a of the bullet blank 1a is the foot side or the rear side (away from the forehead 13a ) of the bullet blank 1a educated. The outer contour 34a of the bullet blank 1a is essentially ideal cylindrical and preferably has an outside diameter which corresponds to the projectile Cylinder diameter D _Z corresponds. Preferably, the projectile diameter D _{Z is} in the metal or bullet blank prior to its provision in the molding press 101 generated, and the outer diameter of the projectile remains in the preforming press 101 (and optionally the inner contour molding press 103 and / or the Ogivenform Press 200 ) at least in sections constant. Especially in the cylinder section 5a (respectively. 5 . 5b ) of the bullet blank 1a ( 1 . 1b ), the projectile outer diameter remains constant after the provision of the metal or bullet blank in the preforming press until the end of the manufacturing process.

The wall thickness of the sleeve section 3a of the bullet blank 1a takes off the forehead 13a of the bullet blank 1a to the rear 71a preferably continuously, in particular continuously. In the front sleeve section 3a is the (average) wall thickness of the sleeve wall 31a in the radial direction R smaller than the (average) wall thickness of the sleeve wall 31a in the cylinder section 5a , The frustoconical recess 55a in the bullet blank 1a has an inner contour 32a , which essentially correspond to the outer contour of the preform punch 111 (whose preform section 112 and front surface 113 ) corresponds. When using a shape other than a truncated cone shaped punch 111 (not shown) is the cavity recess 55a of the bullet blank 1a another, corresponding to form complementary to the respective tapered preform formed inner contour.

9c shows an alternative embodiment of a bullet blank 1a ' (first stage), with different inner contour blunt ends 113a . 113a ' . 113a '' are shown. The dashed dull end 113a the bullet blank inner contour 55a ' corresponds to the illustration according to 9b , The dashed blunt ends 113a ' and 113a '' show that in the axial direction A stump ends of the puncture cavity 55a ' when using a forming die, which is essentially like the one in 9a shaped forming dies is formed, however, a greater axial length (butt end 113a ' ) or a shorter axial length (butt end 113a '' ) having.

According to the dashed line 113a ' is the bullet blank 1a ' completely penetrated in the axial direction A, so that the projectile blank 1a ' completely sleeve-shaped. The puncture opening 55a ' goes into the dome nose 73a ' above. It should be understood that to form such a mold a suitably adapted preform press with a frusto-conical dome nose is to be used. The inner contour 32a ' the sleeve wall 31a ' takes at the in 9c shown bullet blank 1a ' preferably continuously, in particular steadily increasing, to the point ( 113a ' ), at the shaft opening 55a ' of the bullet blank 1a ' in the dome recess 73a ' passes. At the in 9c illustrated, fully penetrated bullet blank 1a ' is not a fully cylindrical bullet trunk formed. The bullet blank 1a is formed free of a projectile trunk or with a projectile trunk of zero height. Even with a completely penetrated bullet blank 1a Other than frusto-conical preform punches may be used.

9c dashed line also shows another way to form a bullet blank with one opposite to in the 9a and 9b shown bullet blanks 1a enlarged trunk with a trunk height l _{s ''} .

10a shows an inner contour molding press 103 and 10b one with the in 10a illustrated inner contour molding press 103 manufactured bullet blank 1b (second stage). Like the setting press described above 100 and the preform press described above 103 and the Ogiven molding press described below is the in 10a illustrated inner contour molding press formed with essentially rotationally symmetrical tools for the formation of rotationally symmetrical solid projectiles for practice cartridges. The inner contour molding press 103 comprises as main components the inner contour forming punch 121 axially opposed to the inner contour forming punch 121 arranged ground side 107b and the hollow cylindrical bullet blank receptacle 105b ,

In the inner contour shape end position, the in 10a is shown limited, the inner contour forming punch 121 frontally and the bottom side 107b or the front side 107b the tail stamp foot side a cavity for the bullet blank 1b , The cavity for the bullet blank 1b is in the radial direction R outside of the ideal hollow cylindrical die 105b limited. To reach the in 10a shown inner contour end position of the inner contour forming punch 121 in the before in the preform press 103 preformed bullet blank 1a pressed until the bullet blank 1b second stage is shaped, as in the 10a and 10b for example.

The in 10a illustrated inner contour forming punch has an inner contour-shaped portion 122 in the axial direction A sections as a cylindrical sleeve molding section 133 is formed. With the cylindrical sleeve molding section 133 of the inner contour forming punch 121 and in the radial direction R the sleeve molding section 133 opposite inner side of the inner contour outer mold 105b becomes the cylindrical wall shape and the wall thickness of the end sleeve wall 31b Are defined. It is clear that the sleeve molding section 133 can be formed with a slight draft, preferably less than 1 °.

The front surface 123 of the inner contour forming punch 121 can be used as a blunt cone tip with an opening angle between 130 ° and 180 °, preferably about 160 °, and rounded front edge edges 125 be formed. Through the dull cone tip 123 of the inner contour forming punch 121 becomes the inner contour 32b of the sleeve section 3b of the bullet blank 1b (second stage), starting from the sleeve wall 31b in the radial direction R extends inwardly shoulder-like to the ground 35b of bullet blank main cavity 33b in the axial direction to limit foot. The radius of curvature of the front surfaces 123 may be 1 mm to 3 mm, preferably 2 mm. The cylindrical sleeve molding section 133 can also start about 1 mm, preferably from about 2 mm, in particular from about 2.5 mm starting from the top of the inner contour forming punch and to about 11 mm, preferably to about 10 mm, in particular about 9 mm are starting from the top of the inner contour forming punch 121 extend.

The inner contour shape stamp 121 has a guide section 127 in the axial direction immediately following the mold section 122 far from the front end 123 extends and preferably substantially complementary in shape to the hollow cylindrical inside of the bullet blank receptacle 105b is formed. The guide section 127 of the inner contour forming punch 121 can for safe guidance of the punch in the inner contour molding die 105b serve, especially during the relative movement of the punch 121 relative to the bottom side 107b ,

Between the inner contour molding section 122 or its sleeve molding section 133 and the guide section 127 of the inner contour forming punch 121 extends in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R, a preferably frusto-conical transition portion 128 , It is clear that the transition section 128 in the axial direction directly into the guide section 127 and the inner contour molding section 122 passes.

From the front end of the inner contour punch guide section 127 passing through the outer ring edge of the transition section 128 is formed, opposite the rear surface 171b , the bottom side 107 of the rear punch, the maximum axial height of the cavity (h _Rb ) extends in the inner contour shape end position.

In the inner contour-shape end position according to 10a is between the front surface 123 of the inner contour forming punch 121 and the axial end A front end of the bottom side 107b an axial distance h _r , which may be referred to as inner contour remaining distance available. As in 10a indicated, the residual distance h _{r is} greater than the preform axial distance h _S. Preferably, the inner contour shape residual distance h _{r is} at least 1.2 times, at least 1.5 times or at least twice as large as the preform axial distance h _S. With a narrow stem height h _S , the inner contour shape residual distance h _{r can be} more than 10 times, more than 100 times or even more than 1000 times greater than the preform axial distance h _S.

The axial size of the inner contour molding section 122 is how out of that 10a and 10b it can be seen smaller than the axial length of the preform section 112 , Preferably, the axial length of the preform section 112 at least 1.2 times, at least 1.5 times, or at least twice as large as the axial length of the inner contour molding section 122 , The inner contour molding section 122 is preferably not less than 10%, 20%, 30% or 50% of the axial length of the preform section in the axial direction A. 112 ,

In the inner contour molding section, the result in the form of the bullet blank (second stage) 1b in the 10a and 10b can be seen, the bullet is blank 1b shaped such that it in the axial direction A a sleeve-shaped, front portion 3b and a rear side and rear cylinder section, respectively 5b forms. The frontal cavity 33b in the bullet blank 1b is substantially complementary to the shape of the inner contour molding section 122 the inner contour molding press 103 educated.

On the ground 35b the inner contour molded cavity 33b is axially in the middle of a mouth 37b in the shaft 55b passes. In the cylinder section 5b of the bullet blank 1b (second stage) is a deformation sleeve 51b that the shaft 55b radially surrounds, formed. At the bullet blank 1b according to 10b the shaft extends 55b microchannel-like up to a remaining stem height h _S , below the channel 55b closes a solid cylindrical bullet trunk 7b at. The bullet blank 1b has at the foot of it 71b a dome recess 73b , which is the lower end of the bullet blank trunk 7b and the trunk height defined.

The outer contour 34b of the bullet blank 1b second stage is substantially fully cylindrical and has both in the cylinder section 5b as well as in the front thin-walled section 3b substantially the same outer diameter, which preferably corresponds to the projectile (caliber) diameter D _Z. The bullet blank of the second stage ( 1b ) essentially indicates the finished shaft ( 55b ) Form, which, like already the 1 to 6 described, depending on the floor. As in 9c with regard to one alternative bullet blank geometry ( 1a ' ), also a (not shown) bullet blank second stage can of course be realized truncated. The training of the tribe 7b of the bullet blank of the second stage is due to the preforming step in the preforming press 101 , If the preform punch the metal or bullet blank ( 1a ' ) penetrates completely through the first stage, so also from this preformed bullet blank inside bullet shaped blank has no trunk.

When pressing in the inner contour forming punch 121 in the preformed bullet blank which is in the bullet blank receptacle 105b and from the bottom side formed by a tail stamp 107b is held, the inner contour becomes 32a the bullet blank according to the inner contour molding section 122 reshaped. When pressing in the inner contour forming punch 121 into the bullet blank becomes a front bullet blank section 3b thin-walled, preferably with a constant wall thickness, in particular at least partially cylindrical sleeve-shaped, formed. The in this inner contour shaping by the inner contour forming punch 121 displaced metal material of the basement or bullet blank is during the inner contour forming step in the axial direction A towards the foot or rear-side (rear) cylinder section 5b of the bullet blank (second stage) 1b postponed.

The one by the preform stamp 111 to the blunt end 113 at the bottom of the inner contour 32a formed cone shaft 55a is during the inner contour molding step by the inner contour forming punch 121 reshaped. The transformation of the cone channel 55a takes place by a partial expansion to a wide cylindrical cavity 33b near the forehead 13b of the inside contoured bullet blank 1b , Towards the foot 71b of the bullet blank 1b becomes the metal material of the bullet blank 1b during the forming of the cone channel 55a through the inner contour forming punch 121 compressed in the axial direction A and in the radial direction R inwardly, so that in the axial direction A, the cavity bounding the bottom shoulders 35b with the central mouth opening 37b and from the mouth opening 37b in the axial direction A in the cylinder section 5b of the bullet blank 1b extending shaft 55 formed.

In the production that represents the shaft 55b surrounding deformation sleeve 51b a manufacturing tolerance ready, wherein in the first by the cone shaft 55a and then optionally present (not in 10b shown) formed hollow cavities during the inner contour molding step can accommodate displaced material. In this way, a tailor-made outer contour 34b of the bullet blank 1b be guaranteed without post-processing, for example by calibration or milling.

11 shows the Ogivenform press 200 , The main component is the Ogivenform press 200 a stern stamp 207 and a bullet shot 205 with a bullet tip shape stamp 213 for introducing the preformed and / or inner contour-shaped bullet blank. This one is by the stern stamp 207 held or at least centered and in a stationary part of the Ogivenform press 200 introduced essentially from the bullet shot 205 and the bullet point stamp 213 consists. The bullet top stamp 213 defined together with the bullet shot 205 the arcuate outer contour 203 for the Ogive. The Ogivenmatrize or bullet shot 205 is formed hollow cylindrical with ogivenförmiger inner contour. In the axial direction A, the Ogiven inner contour goes 203 the bullet shot 205 preferably continuously and in particular without cracks and / or edges, into the ogive-shaped surface of the bottom side 213 of the top punch or front punch over.

If the bullet blank with the bullet tail stamp 207 relative to the bottom side defined by the tip punch 213 into the bullet blank pickup 205 is inserted, the metal material of the front sleeve portion 23 deformed ogivenartig, so that from the bullet blank the bullet 2 is formed. In the Ogiven-Form-Endstellung, the 11 is from the bullet blank, the section ogive-shaped projectile 2 been manufactured. The projectile 2 can then be reworked, for example by leveling. The cylinder section 25 of the projectile 2 is preferably not deformed during the Ogiven molding step, so that it preferably completely retains its outer diameter, in particular corresponding to the (caliber) bullet diameter D _Z.

The pressing tools or presses ( 100 . 101 . 103 . 200 ) can be equipped with mechanical limit switches and / or force-dependent limit switches and / or path-dependent limit switches for defining the relative position of the bottom side to the respective punch in the respective end position. Shooting and dimensioning of tools may vary in caliber, equipment and / or construction.

The features disclosed in the foregoing description, in the figures and claims may be of importance both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in the various embodiments.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4

full basement

1.5, 1.6, 2

1a, 1b

basement blank

1x

metal blank

3, 23

Ogivenabschnitt

5, 25

cylinder section

3a, 5b

Hüsenabschnitt

7

trunk section

11

opening

13

top

31, 31a, 31b

Ogivenwand

32, 32a, 32b

inner contour

33, 33b

Ogivenhohlraum

34, 34a, 34b

outer contour

35, 35a, 35b

ground

51

deformation cylinder

53

deformation cavity

55, 55a, 55b

shaft

57

microchannel

71, 71a, 71b

rear side

73, 71a, 71b

dome

75, 75a, 75b

Truncated cone section

100

Setting Press

101

preforming press

103

Inner contour-forming press

105a

Metal blank recording

105b, 105x

Basement blank recording

107a, 107b, 107x

bottom side

111

preform temple

112

preform section

113, 123

front surface

115, 125

guide section

121

Inner contour-forming die

122

Inner contour mold section

133

Sleeve mold section

200

Ogive molding press

203

Ogivenabschnitt

205

basement recording

207

Bullet tail temple

213

bottom side

A

Rotation axis / axial direction

R

radial direction

d _o

Opening diameter

D _Z

Cylinder diameter

h _S

trunk height

_Ra

Height (preform cavity)

h _Rb

Height (inner contour mold cavity)

l _G

floor length

l _H

shaft height

l _O

Ögivenabschnittshöhe

l _s

trunk height

l _Z

Cylinder section height

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2498045 A1 [0002, 0002, 0010]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN EN1977 [0005]

Claims (18)

Metallic solid floor ( 1 ) for exercise cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, wherein the basement ( 1 ) a frontal Ogivenabschnitt ( 3 ) and a cylinder section ( 5 ) for holding the basement ( 1 ) in a cartridge case and in the axial direction (A) defines a projectile length (l _G ), wherein the Ogivenabschnitt ( 3 ) an Ogivenwand ( 31 ) and one of the Ogivenwand ( 31 ) circumferentially limited rotationally symmetric Ogivenhohlraum ( 33 ), characterized in that a fully cylindrical trunk section ( 7 ) of the basement extends in the axial direction (A) over less than 45% of the projectile length (l _G ). Metallic solid floor ( 1 ), in particular according to claim 1, for exercise cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges, wherein the basement ( 1 ) a frontal Ogivenabschnitt ( 3 ) and a cylinder section ( 5 ) for holding the basement ( 1 ) in a cartridge case, wherein the Ogivenabschnitt ( 3 ) an Ogivenwand ( 31 ) and one of the Ogivenwand ( 31 ) circumferentially limited rotationally symmetric Ogivenhohlraum ( 33 ), characterized in that starting from a floor ( 35 ) of the ogive cavity ( 33 ) a shaft ( 55 ) in the cylinder section ( 5 ) extending a microchannel ( 57 ) and / or a deformation cavity ( 53 ), wherein the deformation cavity ( 53 ) is at least partially cylindrical and / or at least partially conical shaped with an end-face taper. Solid floor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Ogivenwand ( 31 ) has an Ogivenwandstärke and the basement ( 1 ) in the cylinder section ( 3 ) in the axial direction (A) at least in sections an annular deformation sleeve wall ( 51 ), which has a deformation sleeve wall thickness that is greater than the Ogivenwandstärke, preferably wherein the Ogivenwandstärke is smaller than half the radius of the basement and / or preferably wherein the deformation sleeve wall thickness is less than or equal to the radius of the basement ( 1 ). A storey according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the storey ( 1 ) end face is blunt and / or an end opening ( 11 ), which in the Ogivenhohlraum ( 33 ) and having an inner opening diameter (d _O ) which is greater than 0.5 mm, in particular greater than 1.0 mm, and / or less than 3 mm, in particular less than 1.5 mm. Solid floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fully cylindrical trunk section ( 7 ) extends in the axial direction (A) over less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm and / or at the rear end ( 71 ) of the basement ( 1 ) a dome ( 73 ) is omitted. A storey according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one the Ogivenhohlraum ( 33 ) circumferential inner contour ( 32 ) is completely rounded in the axial direction (A), preferably formed step-free and / or has only rounded edges. Tool arrangement for producing metallic solid projectiles ( 1 ) for practice cartridges, preferably with rotationally symmetrical Ogivenhohlraum ( 33 ), comprising a preforming press ( 101 ) with a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle ( 105a ), which in the axial direction (A) through a bottom side (A) 107a ), a preform stamp ( 111 ), having an axial direction to a front surface ( 113 ) are preferably at least partially conical, in particular frusto-conical, tapered, in particular rotationally symmetrical, preform section ( 112 ), wherein the preform section ( 112 ) relative to the bottom side ( 107a ) for molding a bullet blank ( 1a ) is movable up to a preform end position in which the preform punch ( 111 ), the bottom side ( 107a ) and the bullet blank shot ( 105a ) a preform cavity for the bullet blank ( 1a ), characterized in that in the preform end position an axial distance (h _S ) between the bottom side ( 107a ) and the front surface ( 113 ) is less than 45% of a maximum height (h _Ra ) of the cavity in the axial direction (A). Tool assembly according to claim 7, further comprising an inner contour molding press ( 103 ) with a hollow cylindrical projectile blank receptacle ( 105b ), which in the axial direction (A) through a bottom side (A) 107b ) is limited, and an inner contour forming punch ( 121 ), having an axial direction to a front surface ( 123 ) extending inner contour molding section ( 122 ), wherein the inner contour molding section ( 122 ) relative to the bottom side ( 107b ) for shaping the bullet blank ( 1b ) is movable up to an inner contour shape end position in which the inner contour forming punch ( 121 ), the bottom side ( 107b ) and the bullet blank shot ( 105b ) an inner contour molding cavity for the bullet blank ( 1b ), wherein in particular in the inner contour shape end position, an axial distance (h _r ) between the bottom side ( 107b ) and the front surface ( 123 ) is greater than the axial distance (h _S ) between the bottom side ( 107a ) the preforming press ( 101 ) and the front surface ( 113 ) of the preform stamp ( 111 ) in the preform end position. Tool arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the front surface ( 123 ) of the inner contour forming punch ( 121 ) as a blunt cone tip, in particular with rounded front edge edge ( 125 ), and / or the inner contour molding section (FIG. 122 ) in the axial direction (A) in sections as a sleeve molding section ( 133 ) is formed with a substantially cylindrical outer contour, wherein in particular the inner contour-shaped portion ( 122 ) adjacent to a guide section ( 127 ) of the inner contour forming punch ( 121 ) a frusto-conical transition section ( 128 ) extending in the radial direction from the inner contour molding portion ( 122 ) to the guide section ( 127 ). Tool arrangement according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the taper of the preform section ( 112 ) of the preform stamp ( 111 ) sharpener is as the preferably tapered outer contour of the inner contour molding section ( 122 ), in particular of the sleeve molding section, of the inner contour forming punch ( 121 ). Tool arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the tool arrangement further comprises a setting press ( 100 ) comprising a hollow cylindrical metal blank receptacle ( 105x ), which in the axial direction (A) by a bottom side ( 107x ) is limited, and a set stamp ( 115x ), which relative to the bottom side ( 107x ) for shaping the metal blank ( 1x ) is movable up to a setting end position in which the setting stamp ( 115x ) and the bullet blank shot ( 105x ) a setting cavity having a predetermined clear width for defining a constant outside diameter, in particular the caliber diameter (D _Z ) of the metal blank ( 1x ) form. Tool arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the tool arrangement further comprises an Ogiven molding press ( 200 ) comprising a hollow cylindrical projectile receptacle ( 205 ) in the axial direction (A) by a concave, ogivenförmige bottom side (A) 213 ) is limited, and the one bullet tail stamp ( 207 ) for holding and / or centering the rear end of the particular inner contour-shaped projectile blank, which relative to the bottom side ( 213 ) for molding the basement ( 2 ) is movable up to an Ogivenform-end position, in which the bullet tailstamp ( 207 ), the bullet shot ( 205 ) and the bottom side ( 213 ) define a cavity containing a projectile negative with an ogive section ( 23 . 203 ) and adjoining cylinder section ( 25 ) Are defined. Method for producing metallic solid floors ( 1 ) for practice cartridges, preferably with rotationally symmetrical Ogivenhohlraum ( 31 ), in which a metal blank formed, in particular, from cut-to-length metal wire is preferably provided with a cylindrical outer surface, characterized in that the metal blank is formed in a preforming step into a bullet blank ( 1a ) with a sleeve-shaped section ( 3a ), which at the end of the preforming step extends over more than half of the largest axial blank height (h _Ra ), in particular the sleeve-shaped section (FIG. 3a ) with a preferably continuously tapering inner contour ( 32a ) is formed. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the metal blank is held in the preforming step while maintaining a remaining fully cylindrical stem portion extending over (less than) 45% of the largest axial blank height (h _Ra ) in the axial direction (A). 7 ) Bullet blanks ( 1a ) or that the metal blank in the preforming step for molding the bullet blank ( 1a ) is completely penetrated in the axial direction (A). Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the projectile blank ( 1a ) after the preforming step in an inner contour forming step such that a front-side sleeve portion ( 3b ) of the bullet blank ( 1b ) with a radially outer sleeve wall ( 31b ) substantially constant wall thickness and / or cylindrical inner contour ( 32b ) is formed, that a rear-side sleeve section ( 5b ) of the bullet blank ( 1b ) with one of the sleeve wall ( 31b ) radially inwardly projecting shoulder ( 35b ), and that one of the shoulder ( 35b ) outgoing shaft ( 55b ) formed in the rear sleeve section ( 5b ) of the bullet blank ( 1b ), which shaft ( 55b ), in particular a microchannel ( 57b ) and / or a deformation cavity ( 53b ), wherein the deformation cavity ( 53b ) is formed at least partially cylindrical and / or at least partially conical with frontal taper. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that in the inner contour forming step the bullet blank ( 1b ) is shaped such that the deformation cavity ( 53 ) forms a waist-shaped constriction at the front, in particular between the deformation cavity ( 53 ) and the shoulder ( 35 ) a microchannel ( 57 ) is formed, in which the inner wall surface of the sleeve portion ( 51 ) is brought together in particular touching, and / or that a distance in the axial direction (A) between the shoulder ( 35b ) and a stern ( 71 ) is greater than the axial height of the optionally present at the completion of the preforming step fully cylindrical stem portion ( 7 ) of the bullet blank ( 1a ). Method according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the bullet blank, in particular after the inner contour forming step, is formed in an Ogiven-forming step such that the end-side sleeve wall ( 31 ) forms a section-wise ogive-shaped outer surface, wherein in particular a frontal opening ( 11 ) is maintained, preferably in one of the sleeve wall ( 31 ) circumferentially defined Ogivenhohlraum ( 33 ) opens. Method according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the preforming step, the inner contour forming step and / or the Ogiven forming step without cutting, in particular by cold forming, preferably by pressing, takes place.

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