DE102009058919A1 - Roller e.g. cam roller, decelerating and guiding device for use in e.g. work shop, has brake sensor whose member acts on locking and/or release mechanism in form of switching mechanism that acts on actuator using power transferring unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a holder profile (40) rotatably mounted on holder profile housing (10) over a hinge bearing (20). A braking assembly includes a braking sensor and a brake actuator i.e. frictionally engaged traction mechanism drive, designed as a drive terminating brake and power brake. The sensor includes a locking lever and/or release lever (31), and a member of the sensor acts on the locking mechanism and/or release mechanism (30) in the form of a switching mechanism (32) that acts on the actuator using a power transferring unit i.e. frictionally engaged traction mechanism.

Description

The invention relates to a device, sensor and actuator, for braking and steering a role - in particular a roller - Bock- or steering role - used as apparatus role, bed role, furniture role, chair role, transport role, etc., consisting of a fork housing, on which a Swivel bearing a fork is rotatably mounted, on which a supporting wheel is mounted, wherein the roller with a directional lock - lock - and / or a Fahrbeendigungsbremse power brake - working braking and locking device is equipped with the pivotal movement of the fork and the therein stopped wheel locked and locked in a certain swing angle and can also be freely unlocked unlocked and / or braked with the rotation of the supporting wheel to a stop or locked against rotation and can be unlocked for turning.

Roller and wheel systems are needed and used predominantly for all types of transport for goods movements in logistics, beyond that in domestic applications such as beds, furniture, chairs, etc., as well as in the field of laboratories, practices, workshops, etc., for the mobilization of instrument, tool and tool trolleys or moving equipment. The requirements for the respective roller and wheel systems are different; In addition to the requirement for smooth running properties, all types of load weights should be mastered, the steering characteristics should be distinguished, the means of transport should be able to be safely positioned on the spot. There are dependencies between driving and panning and also between braking and panning. Braking and locking devices have been implemented in many ways; in the following the state of the art of rollers with brake and locking device is appreciated - especially the state of the art with a focus on various braking and locking devices and systems in roles. According to the prior art, depending on the application, a variety of types of different roles with different braking and locking devices in use. Differences z. B. according to the embodiment of the brake and locking actuators and the points of engagement thereof on the roller, directly or indirectly. The different role types are also subject of consideration.

• A. Reibungsbremse über Schwinge, Zunge – Reibschluß mit Rad
• B. Verriegelung über Zahnkranz, innen, radial innen
• C. Verriegelung über Zahnkranz, innen, radial außen
• D. Bremsung über Bremsbacke, innen, Reibschluß mit Rad oder Trommel
• E. Bremsung über Bremsbacke, außen, Reibschluß mit Rad
• F. Bremsung über Bremsbolzen, außen, Reibschluß mit Rad
• G. Bremsung über Bremshalter, Bremsständer
• H. Bremsung über Bremsfuß, Bremsstange.

There are a variety of roller brake and locking mechanisms and - known actuators, in which z. B. a brake element frictionally engages the top of a wheel tire or a corresponding boundary or in which the brake element frictionally or mechanically acts on a, located within the periphery of the wheel portion of the drum; In the following it will be attempted to exemplify the known brake and interlock system applications in categories concerning the brake and interlock actuators

• A. Friction brake via rocker, tongue - friction with wheel
• B. locking over sprocket, inside, radially inside
• C. Locking via sprocket, inside, radially outside
• D. Braking via brake shoe, inside, friction with wheel or drum
• E. Braking via brake shoe, outside, friction with wheel
• F. Braking via brake pin, outside, friction with wheel
• G. Braking via brake holder, brake stand
• H. Braking via brake foot, brake rod.

Disadvantages are surface damage of the wheel in all braking devices that act directly on the wheel, such as categories A, D, E, F. Either is sufficient by grinding braking the force applied to the wheel by corresponding angle force for braking (category A) or the power is sufficient and the wheel surfaces are damaged (category E). When bolts engage in sprockets, it is not a braking in the known sense with a timing, but a blockade / lock in which abruptly the roller / the wheel comes to a standstill (categories B, C).

To category A.

The German disclosure DE 197 32 920 / Italian patent application IT MI 961 742 discloses a caster for hospital beds, trolleys, o. Ä., Which rotates about a horizontal axis x - running direction, which is supported by a fork which rotates by means of a ball bearing about the vertical axis y of a fastening bolt - pivoting direction, with a device for blocking the pivoting and the running, consisting of a pivotable about a pivot point rocker arm and at the one end is provided with a brake shoe which contacts the roller outer profile on pressure of the foot lever mounted above, and is provided at the second end with a survey, which engages in a seat of a disc which is fixed to the bolt, and causes a blocking of the pivoting direction upon actuation of the foot lever.

The utility model DE 84 16 444 / German patent specification DE 34 20 054 presents a locking device for a fork in a fork about a horizontal axis rotatable and pivotable about a pivot axis perpendicular thereto Swivel castor for the purposes of determining the rotational and pivotal movement, with one of an approximately horizontally in an angular position downwards operable and in this angled position overclocking blocked operating lever, with a moving from this active lever whose free, designed as a resilient tongue end on the circumference of the steering roller for detecting the rotational movement comes to rest, with a rigidly fixed to the pivot axis pulley, at the peripheral edge of the active lever operated brake ring for detecting the pivoting movement comes to rest, that the active lever is designed as hinged to the fork with its axis two-armed lever whose one arm has the wheel brake lever and whose other arm has the swivel brake ring.

According to the utility model DE 79 08 491 / German disclosure DE 29 11 850 is a connectable to a castor, in particular fußbetätigbare device for blocking the rotational and pivotal movement of the legs provided in the legs of a vertical pivot axis castor rotatably mounted roller, wherein a pivotally mounted and against the force of a brought into contact with the roll circumference leaf spring below Overcoming a dead center depressible locking lever is provided, on the other hand cooperates with a rigidly connected to the pivot axis of the fork disc that on the castor fork a cross-sectionally U-shaped, provided with a transverse wall guide is fixed, which moves a equipped with a wedge surface body so in that, on the one hand, the wedge surface makes a leaf spring braking on the wheel surface, and on the other hand, the moving body exerts a force on the pivot bearing.

A similar locking device for a steering wheel is also the utility model DE 71 07 800 / German disclosure DE 21 09 878 disclosed.

The German disclosure DE 15 05 759 represents a locking device for a mounted in a bracket swivel castor with vertical pivot axis with a pivotally mounted in the stirrup legs, fixed to a bracket leaf spring and a connected to the pivot axis disc for detecting the rotational and pivotal movement of the roller cooperating locking lever such that the locking lever is provided with a projection held in contact with the free end of the leaf spring and with its end near its pivot axis can be brought into locking or braking engagement with the disk.

The utility model DE 67 51 034 introduces a new roller, in particular a steering roller, which preferably serves as a transport device roller, which is equipped in a known manner with a locking device for blocking the running direction and preferably also the pivoting movement of the impeller by means of a movably mounted in the Gabelhöhlung rocker, such that the rocker arm is designed as a wheel lock and blocking springs constantly press the rocker arm in the blockage against the wheel, which prevents unintentional release of the finding.

A similar locking device for a roller is also by the English patent application GB 2 417 417 disclosed.

Further category A protective rights applications are the American patent specification US 2009 276 977 , Utility model DE 91 08 970 / Patent DE 42 21 542 , Utility model DE 74 39 939 , German patent DE 24 59 580 / American patent US 4,035,864 , Patent DE 23 10 775 / English patent specification GB 1 439 500 / Patent US Pat. No. 3,890,669 , Patents GB 8 903 301 and GB 8827215 / EP 370 716 and utility models DE 75 37 142 / Patent DE 25 52 501 ,

To category B.

The German patent DE 38 34 113 / English patent application GB 8,724,678 and GB 2 211 086 / American patent US 4,941,552 presents a roller with a braking mechanism - in particular a twin role with a central body, on the one hand, the pivoting and lockable axle, consisting of a cylindrical axle body at the lower end of a toothing is applied, and on the other hand receives the brake mechanism and the two each to the side projecting axles for receiving the wheels. Between the wheel hub and the outer rim, a sleeve portion concentrically extends inwardly from the sidewall of each wheel, the outer surface of the sleeve portion being provided with axially extending triangular shaped teeth which also form part of the brake.

An externally accessible 2-position pedal acts in the on position on an approximately right-angle bent punching-actuating member which is formed so acute in the upper area that it engages the toothed train of the sleeve part of the wheels and this determines and its angled end the direction of rotation fastened via the axle toothing.

Other category B protective rights applications are the international application WO 2009 021 146 , Patent application US 6,662,404 , Patent US 6,360,851 . utility Models DE 89 15 173 / American patent application US 5,133,106 , Patent JP 2001 058 503 and patent JP 2000 211 306 ,

To category C.

The German patent application DE 10 2009 009 028 / Finnish patent application FI 2008 00 78 and FI 2008 59 92 / English patent application GB 2 457 787 shows a device wheel, which has a roller body to which a fork of the device wheel is rotatably mounted via a pivot bearing, to which a supporting wheel is attached, wherein the device wheel is equipped with a serving as a directional brake and / or holding brake / locking device, with the stopped the pivotal movement of the fork and the supporting wheel mounted thereon and locked in a desired pivoting angle or can be unlocked freely unlocked and / or with which the rotation of the supporting wheel to stop braked or unrotatably locked and unlocked to rotate.

In the body of the device wheel is carried out in a vertical direction and concentric with the pivot bearing bore in which a stub shaft is rotatably mounted in the axial direction movable. At the lower end of the shaft stub a pivoting of the supporting wheel preventing locking element is attached. At the upper end of the stub shaft switching and unlocking elements are provided, with which the pivoting and / or running movement of the supporting wheel can be stopped or released. On one side of the wheel is a fixed toothing, in which a locking element of a sliding element of a pronounced on the inside of the fork groove on the brake pedal controlled for locking or unlocking the wheel can be extended and retracted. Instead of acting on the pivot bearing braking, switching and unlocking an electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic drive to occur, the controlled takes over the locking and unlocking functions for panning and running.

Further category C industrial property applications are the Chinese patent application CN 2,774,449 , American registration US Pat. No. 6,532,624 , Patent US 5,799,366 , Patent JP 9 249 004 and patent JP 7 266 803 ,

To category D.

According to German disclosure DE 41 03 328 / English patent specification GB 9 002 555 and GB 2 240 471 a roller with a braking mechanism is presented, which has a shaft for mounting the roller to an object to be supported, with a rotatably supported by the shaft relative to this about a vertical pivot axis roller frame, with two wheels on the roller frame at a distance from the wheel axle arranged rotatably mounted, wherein each wheel has a tire with an inner cylindrical braking surface and wherein an optionally operable braking mechanism is provided, by means of which a brake member with each of the brake surfaces of the tire is engageable. The brake elements are preferably carried by a brake member which is rotatably mounted on the roller frame of the roller.

The hollow cylindrical shaft has at its upper end an axle-mounted cam whose circumference acts on a spring, axially mounted to the shaft rod, which is mechanically connected at its lower end to the brake member and acts via a side part on the caliper and pad.

In a further embodiment of the inventive novelty, the spring-mounted rod acts on a brake part mounted in the vicinity, the brake shoes of which act perpendicular to the support surface.

The German patent DE 35 21 794 / English patent application GB 8 415 846 and GB 2,160,415 / American registration U.S. 4,677,706 also publishes a 1- or 2-wheeled roller with braking device, each consisting of one on the wheel inwardly pronounced brake drum and a centrally disposed between the wheels cantilever, which is also carrier of the brake lever and brake pad. If the brake member is moved upwards against a compression spring, the braking device also follows and the brake pad nestles against the hollow cylinder-shaped brake drum as part of the wheel. The brake member is controllable via a rotatable cam. Likewise provided on a sleeve at the lower end of the brake member and on the braking device with respect to teeth, which allow depending on the height adjustment direction of rotation blockage (in conjunction with brake detected), directional drive and free travel.

Other category D protective rights applications are the patent specification CN 201 198 265 , Patent US 5 014 391 and patent GB 1 049 355 ,

To category E.

According to the utility model DE 20 2005 010 833 a role - especially a castor - presented with a wheel located in a fork, wherein above the wheel in the Gabelhöhlung a braking element is arranged in cooperation with the wheel, consisting from two oppositely from a neutral position in a braking position and vice versa pivotable one-piece brake shoes whose position is determined by a common for both brake shoes pivot axis whose direction is parallel to the wheel axis; the free ends of the pivot axis are defined in corresponding holes of the wheel receiving fork. The identical in shape design brake shoes each have an L-shaped cross section and at the long end bearing openings for receiving the pivot axis. Centered below the pivot axis, formed perpendicular to this, a compression spring holds the two brake shoes from each other and the wheel in freewheel. At the height of the axial center of the compression spring pulls the cable of a Bowden cable both compression spring and holes within the brake shoes; at one end of the cable is provided with a holding member, whereby the brake shoes are biased.

A braking effect on the wheel sets when the pulling force of the cable of the Bowden cable is greater than the force of the compression spring and the brake shoes are contracted; by the simultaneous pivoting of the brake shoes a rotational inhibition of the wheel is given in both directions.

In an older patent DE 38 35 034 a roller - in particular a steering roller - presented, which cooperates with a co-operating with a running surface of the impeller locking element in the form of a self-tightening of the rotational movement of the wheel locking jaw, preferably consisting of two coupled for mutual self-closing locking jaws, for a determination in both rotation - / Running directions at the same time structurally comparatively simple construction such that the locking jaws are designed as an engagement with the tread pivotally mounted locking element, that the locking jaw has an eccentric curved to its direction of engagement surface and that the locking jaw forms a lever-like stop to limit their movement , It is essential that the trajectory, inclination of the engagement surface and the impeller are tuned for self-closing.

An S-shaped spring element connects the two locking jaws; the locking jaws can be lowered under spring load on the running surface of the wheel - disengaged by a pedal.

utility Models DE 298 14 458 / Patent DE 198 36 454 /European Patent Application EP 979 741 describes a brakable castor for apparatus, equipment, furniture, o. The like., With a support member, at least one rotatably mounted on the support member wheel and arranged in the support member, height adjustable and loaded by a return spring back pin, which passes through the support member and a mounting plate and with a brake shoe is at least movement connected, wherein in the case of braking on the back bolt an apparatus-side lock acts and the back bolt is formed by a first motion-connected to the support member and a second component side mounted member which are freely rotatably attached to each other and the return spring is supported on the apparatus side.

utility Models DE 297 21 285 / European registration EP 829 379 represents a castor or caster with a braking device consisting of a held in a U-shaped fork role, where in the clevis a perpendicular to the wheel to be movable spring-mounted pin is arranged, which is initiated via a rotatably acting on the bolt actuator, to exert a braking effect on the wheel when shutting down, that in a first case a double-U-shaped bow spring is operated with two distinct brake shoes as a braking element which exerts the braking force, while in another case, the braking element is massive, wedge-shaped brake shoes , which are permanently connected to the countersunk and raised bolt.

In both cases, a braking force is exerted on the wheel in both forward and reverse operation by the brake element with the brake shoes at an angle to the wheel.

utility Models DE 70 16 058 introduces a roller - in particular a steering roller - with a locking device for blocking the running mobility and / or the pivoting movement of the impeller with the property that blocked by a matching conical locking teeth of locking pin with mushroom head and pawl upon actuation of the central locking device by means of switching cam pivoting and rotary motion become.

Other class E protective rights applications are the utility model DE 299 14 681 US Application US 6,584,641, Utility Model 297 22 306 and DE 297 00 466 / European registration EP 951 433 , Utility model DE 81 14 604 , Utility model DE 78 37 296 and patent DE 31 19 649 / English patent specification GB 2 098 473 ,

To category F.

The German utility model DE 20 2005 006 434 /European Patent Application EP 1 714 799 represents a roll with a braking device consisting of one in a U-shaped Fork held role, where in the clevis a perpendicular to the wheel to be movable spring-mounted bolt is arranged, which is initiated via a rocker arm and an actuator acting on the lever to exert a braking effect on the wheel when shutting down.

In another publication DE 20 2005 006 433 is a braking device for a role explained, is waived in the rocker arm of the above application as a means for transmitting power to the bolt and the force is transmitted directly from the actuating shaft to the bolt.

In both cases, the application is not a brake for driving, but a parking brake in dormant operation.

The German disclosure DE 36 33 845 / English patent specification GB 8 524 668 and GB 2 181 343 shows a roller with a hollow cylindrical mounting part, at the lower end of a rotatable roller body is mounted, which has a fork-like part in which a wheel is rotatably received. A brake pedal is rotatably mounted in the mounting part about a horizontal axis and is used with the aid of a cam mechanism to initiate the downward movement of a disc-like designed braking member against the wheel. The brake pedal is thus arranged independently of the angular position of the body; the brake member abuts the wheel at a location spaced from the axis of rotation of the body so that it is retained against rotational movement.

Further category F patent applications are the American application US 2006 131 110 , Patent DE 44 12 603 , Utility model DE 80 25 797 / Patent DE 30 36 313 and patent DE 21 02 509 / American patent US 3,890,668 ,

To category G.

In the British patent application GB 2 447 423 is a chassis device - possibly presented for a shopping cart - consisting essentially of a suspension for a wheel, the wheel itself and a braking device. The braking device is mounted between the wheel hub and rim and causes on the one hand in conjunction with the rim braking of the wheel and on the other hand, the extension of a Drehstandfußes from the braking device to remove the wheel after braking the traction. The sequence of operation of the braking device is defined in that first the wheel is brought to a standstill and then the wheel is grounded.

To category H.

The German disclosure DE 36 20 098 / English patent application GB 8 515 266 and GB 2 176 699 / American patent US 4,747,180 shows a roller with a brake rod, which extends through a hollow shaft, wherein on the hollow shaft, a two roller wheels bearing base body is pivotally mounted. The brake rod is vertically movable between a rest and a braking position, in cooperation with the surface on which the wheel rests. A return force or a spring tongue can be used to apply a counterforce to the braking movement. The movement of the brake rod may be effected by means of a cam member acting on a lever associated with the upper end of the brake rod or by a cam member acting on the spring tongue. The brake rod may be arranged so that it can assume the position of an intermediate position in which a pivoting of the body is not possible.

Another category H protective rights application is the publication DE 44 27 320 ,

• – die Laufoberflächen des Rades beschädigt werden und stark verschleißen
• – die Betätigung der Bremseinrichtung große Kraftaufwendung erfordert
• – die Verriegelungseinrichtung mit Zahnkranz nicht zum Bremsen geeignet ist
• – die Gelenkgestaltung der Verriegelungseinrichtung mit Feder aufwendig ist
• – die Verriegelung durch Zapfen in Radnabenverzahnung nicht nachrüstbar und im eingerasteten Zustand zu richtungsungenau ist.

All publications presented are only partially or not at all suitable for specific use as a method and device for braking and steering a roller - in particular not a roller - fixed or swivel castor - used as apparatus roll, bed roll, furniture roll, chair castor, transport roller, etc., there

• - The running surfaces of the wheel are damaged and wear out
• - The operation of the braking device requires great effort
• - The locking device with ring gear is not suitable for braking
• - The hinge design of the locking device is expensive with spring
• - The lock can not be retrofitted by pin in wheel hub teeth and in the locked state to directionungsungenau.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a method and apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 for braking and steering a role - especially a roller - Bock- or swivel - used as apparatus role, bed role, furniture role, chair role, transport role, etc. , to accomplish.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1; to advantageous embodiments, the dependent claims.

Device, sensor and actuator, for braking and steering a roller with fork housing, Fork and wheel and a braking and locking device such that the braking device consists of a brake sensor and a brake actuator as Fahrbeendigungsbremse - power brake - the brake sensor comprises a locking lever and / or a release lever, the members of the brake sensor to a locking and / or a Loosening mechanism in the form of one / more switching mechanism / s act, the switching mechanism by means of an energy transfer unit acts on the brake actuator and the power transmission unit is a friction traction means and the brake actuator is a frictional traction drive and
in that the locking device consists of a locking sensor and a locking actuator as a directional lock - lock - the locking sensor comprises a locking lever and / or a release lever, the members of the locking sensor act on a locking and / or a release mechanism in the form of one or more switching mechanisms, the switching mechanism acts on the locking actuator by means of an energy transfer unit and the energy transfer unit is a frictional traction means and the locking actuator is a frictional traction drive and
that the frictional traction means is a band, a belt, a belt and / or a rope and
in that the frictional traction mechanism drive is a belt, a belt, a belt and / or a cable in connection with a belt or cable drum.

Further features of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Friction is an interaction between touching material areas of bodies - external friction in different bodies. The friction counteracts a relative movement; it appears as frictional force or friction energy. Frictional engagement with cylindrical or tapered active surfaces are initially used for introducing axial forces in axles or rod ends. In addition to the power transmission of these compounds - safe during operation, slipping in overload - are the self-centering, the adjustment or readjustment in the circumferential direction, the manufacturing and assembly costs, the necessary manufacturing tolerances and the Lös- or reusability parameters to be considered.

Traction drives are used to convert speeds and torques between two or more non-coaxial waves, even with larger shaft spacings, with low construction costs. As traction means find endless flat belts, V-belts, synchronous or toothed belts or chains use, which wrap around the pulleys or sprockets of input and output shafts and thereby transmit peripheral speeds and forces.

Frictional traction mechanism always require a minimum biasing force to maintain the frictional engagement; They can be used advantageously for damping shocks and as overload protection. The speed conversion is carried out with a correct design with a low, load-dependent slip - Dehnschlupf - and almost constant or continuously variable ratio. For spindles, the fast stage, whereby a smooth run and the absorption of the clamping force on separate bearings are required, realized by belt drive. Flat belts are only used for highest speeds and low torques. By running several belts in parallel, high torques can be transmitted.

• – Bandbremse, Bandkupplung
• – Gurtbremse, Gurtkupplung
• – Riemenbremse, Riemenkupplung
• – Schlingbandbremse, Schlingseilbremse, Schlingfederkupplung Seilbremse, Seilkupplung ausgestaltet. Nach dem Funktionsprinzip handelt es sich bei Bremsen um Schaltkupplungen mit unbeweglichem Antrieb und 100% Schlupf mit der Aufgabe, die Geschwindigkeit einer bewegten Masse zu verringern, eine Bewegung zu verhindern oder ein Lastmoment zu erzeugen. Bei der Gestaltung steht die rasche Wärmeabfuhr im Vordergrund. Den physikalischen Wirkprinzipien der Schaltkupplungen entsprechend gibt es mechanische, hydraulische, pneumatische und elektromagnetische Bremsen; nach dem Verwendungszweck wird unterschieden in
• – Sperre – Richtungskupplung
• – Haltebremse – verhindert unbeabsichtigtes Anlaufen einer Welle aus dem Stillstand
• – Regelbremse – Einhalten einer bestimmten Wellendrehzahl und
• – Leistungsbremse – Leistungswandler.

According to further embodiments of the inventive novelty is the frictional traction means as

• - Band brake, band coupling
• - Belt brake, belt coupling
• - Belt brake, belt coupling
• - Looping belt brake, sling rope brake, wrap spring clutch rope brake, rope coupling designed. The functional principle is that brakes are non-moving clutches with 100% slip, with the purpose of reducing the speed of a moving mass, preventing movement or generating a load torque. When designing the rapid heat dissipation in the foreground. According to the physical principles of action of the clutches there are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electromagnetic brakes; according to the purpose of use is distinguished in
• - lock - direction clutch
• - Holding brake - prevents unintentional starting of a shaft from standstill
• - Regelbremse - keeping a certain shaft speed and
• - Power brake - Power converter.

The calculation of mechanical, switchable brakes is analogous to the clutch calculation; to note is the influence and time course of the load torque, z. As in power brakes when braking against current drive. In principle, all clutches can also be designed as brakes.

• – Einfache Bandbremse
• – Differentialbandbremse – Kräfte erzeugen different wirkende Momente am Hebel
• – Summenbandbremse – Kräfte erzeugen gleichgerichtete Momente am Bremshebel.

The mechanical brakes include jaw, disc and band brakes; Due to the self-reinforcing effect of the belt friction, belt brakes require only low actuating forces or can be self-reinforcing. Belt brakes have a large friction surface and are attached when the brake is only applied in one direction of rotation. As a braking organ serves a layered or laminated band, mostly steel strip of cold rolled hardened carbon steel with high tensile strength; To prevent slipping, the brake discs receive a friction lining. The actuating force is applied manually or by a weight or by a brake spring. Band brakes can generate large braking torques at low actuation forces. The type of articulation of the brake band to the brake lever decides on the operating principle of the band brake as

• - Simple band brake
• - Differential band brake - forces generate different-acting moments on the lever
• - Sumbandbandbremse - forces generate rectified moments on the brake lever.

In the case of the simple band brake, the wrap-around angle is usually 252 ° ... 270 °; in the Schlingbandbremse the brake band is kept narrow and placed in about 1 3/4 turns helically around the disc. The ratio of the two band tensions is therefore large and the band tension acting on the brake lever is considerably smaller than in the case of the simple band brake. The radial airway in the simple band brake is 1 mm ... 3 mm. The airway of the loop belt brake at the point of attack of the sling on the brake lever is calculated for a radial ventilation of 1 mm ... 2 mm and is about 2.3 times as large as that of the simple band brake.

Frictionally engaged traction drives use flat belts. Flat belts are multi-layered consist at least of leather as a running or friction layer, polyamide fibers as a tensile layer and oil-resistant plastics as a topcoat, but today increasingly as a plastic multi-layer or -Verbundriemen. They run on spherical pulleys, are quiet, can slip under overload and are able to bridge large center distances. However, since they have slippage of up to 2% and place a heavy burden on the machine bearings, belt machines are predominantly used in machine tools today.

The operation of the belt brake is like the band brake treated with flat belts, the belt structure consists of deposits - also reinforcements such as textile inserts - which are connected by elastomer - rubber or soft PVC - interconnected, filled and covered. In the belts with textile inserts, the quality of the fabric is characterized by the material and the guaranteed breaking or nominal tensile strength. In addition to fabric inserts made of cotton and viscose rayon to achieve higher tensile strength man-made fibers such as polyamide, polyester or aramid are used, which are also used to achieve more favorable technological properties in different uses for warp and weft.

If the band of the band brake reduced to a strand, it follows the rope-operated band brake or rope brake. As ropes, fiber and wire ropes are used. Fiber ropes are made of plant fibers - such. B. sisal, manila, hemp - or synthetic fibers - such. As polyamide, polyester, polypropylene - produced. They are easily flexible and have compared to steel cables a much greater elastic elongation. Wire ropes are made of cold drawn, bare or galvanized wires of high tensile strength, in special cases of alloyed and / or stainless steels. The wires are wound helically around a core wire to the stranded wire. These are struck around a pulp insert made of vegetable or synthetic fibers to the rope or a steel insert, which may be a strand or a rope. Strand constructions differ in the number, arrangement and thickness of their wires as well as the number of their wire layers.

• – beim Riementrieb und bei Bandbremsen kommt ein Umschlingungs- oder Umspannungswinkel von 0°...360° zur Anwendung
• – bei Spillköpfen, Spilltrommeln und Reibungstrommeln liegt der Winkel bei 360°...1.440°, heißt 1-...4-fache Umschlingung/Umspannung.

The adhesion between rope and pulley / disc is the rope friction. Sliding friction occurs with relative movement between rope and disc - as with band brake or bollard while the rope is running. In the case of adhesion between the rope and the disc, equilibrium occurs in the normal and tangential direction on the cable element - as in the case of a belt drive, a band brake as a holding brake, a bollard when the rope is stationary. When the belt or rope wrap friction a completely flexible traction means is wrapped around a disc. Due to the friction between the traction means and the pulley, the tension on the pulling / running run is greater than the tension on the drawn / running run. The ratio of the clamping forces is calculated using the Eytelwein formula and depends on the angle of wrap or strain

• - For belt drives and belt brakes, a looping or transversal angle of 0 ° ... 360 ° is used
• - in the case of capstan heads, spinner drums and friction drums, the angle is 360 ° ... 1,440 °, is called 1 - ... 4-fold wrapping / re-tensioning.

The required biasing force can be applied by a spring, a counterweight or by a storage drum. In a wire rope, which is placed around a capstan head with two windings - angle 720 ° - and loaded at the outgoing end with 100 kg, results in a static friction coefficient of μ = 0.13 at the tapered end to be exercised hand or spring force of approx. 20 kg.

The geometric shape of the spill head is so pronounced that the rope always returns to the middle position when the friction angle is exceeded. The drive drum transmits forces in the same way as the drive pulley - Power transmission between traction sheave groove and rope via friction. In the drive drum, the rope is looped several times around the smooth drum and moves during the driving process from one end of the drum to the other; Therefore, the smooth drive drum is suitable only for short ropes.

In addition to the mechanical properties of the role and the electrical in the application case are taken into account. On the one hand electromagnetic phenomena are to be expected if by rotation in a magnetic field field lines cut (Faraday, Maxwell) and thus electrical voltages are effective and currents can flow, and on the other hand constructed by the ground contact of the roller with the lining while driving electrostatic charges to Coulomb be discharged in a flash with increasing potential difference. In order to avoid such voltages, the plastic parts used are made of electrically conductive plastic and to take care for low-electrical connections.

The embodiment of the invention provides for the easily mounted roller with a rope brake - based on a rope as frictional traction means - for the Fahrbeendigungsbremse - power brake - provide. For this purpose, the wheel is equipped with a cable drum form-fitting part of the role and wound the brake cable one or more times around the cable drum - applied as a simple rope brake or as Schlingseilbremse. The cable ends are guided in the fork leg and connected to a switching mechanism, which in turn is controlled by a locking lever acting on the locking mechanism - as a button or as a switch, with / without latching.

The rope geometrically forms a cylinder; Since the cable drum is also a hollow cylinder - but with the axial centers of the cylinder and cylinder are perpendicular to each other - reduces the friction surface to a line when the brake cable nestles against the cable drum. As a rope, a wire rope shaped as a strand is predestined - also because of its electrical conductivity - but in principle also the use of other materials or material combinations is given.

The radial air path of the rope brake determines the travel of the locking or release mechanism. Assuming a cable drum diameter of 60 mm and a radial air path of 0.5 mm (1 mm) results in the simple cable brake at about 270 ° wrap or Umspannwinkel a switching path of about 1.2 mm (2.3 mm) ; however, for the loop-type rope brake with a 1 3/4 turn wrap angle, the shift travel for the lock mechanism is 2.8 mm (5.4 mm). The cable clamping force acting on the locking or reading mechanism is significantly smaller in the case of the sling brake than in the case of the simple cable brake.

The role consists essentially of the fork housing, connected to the fork housing pivot bearing, the locking or release mechanisms for braking and pivoting, the fork with the fork legs and the wheel located between them. The wheel and fork are ball bearings, by precision ball bearings or by ball race, in the fork / pivot bearing area, depending on the load, also as a double ball bearing or double ball race.

The mode of action of the brake device with rope brake is set forth in detail above. By the rope is biased and the rope of the given during freewheeling radial airway is taken, the rope nestles around the cable drum, the braking process begins. The rope tightens around the rope drum and pulls itself harder and harder; Depending on the angle of wrap or strain, only minimal cable forces are required to achieve the desired braking effect. After braking, only low holding forces for standstill at rest operation are also necessary.

The operating principle of the rope brake for the drive termination brake - power brake - is also intended for the directional lock - lock. For this purpose, in the region of the pivot bearing a narrow cylindrical lateral surface is necessary, which acts as a cable drum, and also acting by a lever locking device.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that a band-shaped material is used as frictional traction means; the simple rope brake becomes a simple band brake and the sling brake becomes a sling band brake. The band material forms as a volume a flat elongated cuboid and in cross section a flat rectangle; the strip material can be a textile or metallic braid or the combination of both or additionally - for the purpose of higher frictional forces - be vulcanized by means of an elastomer - such as belt, belt or belt. The mode of action of the band brake is similar to that of the rope brake, but formed on the belt drum snugbing strip material has a strip-shaped friction surface with a lower slip during braking. Depending on the application, the design of the brake can now be performed preferably on the simple band brake instead of the Schlingbandbremse.

Another embodiment of the inventive novelty provides to make the surface of the belt / rope drum tread not flat but concave so that the tape / rope guide is centered and the tape / rope during the Rotational movement of the wheel or drum when the friction angle is exceeded always moves towards the middle of the drum - Design / geometry Spindle head, capstan drum. Alternatively, a band / rope guide on the drum can be done by means of a U-shaped profile channel.

The subject matter of the invention will be further clarified below with reference to the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it

1 Opened scroll with loop-rope brake, in perspective

2 Reduced presentation of roller with loop rope brake, in perspective

3 Reduced representation of the roll with looping tape brake, in perspective

4 Reduced representation of the role with simple band brake, in perspective.

The same and equivalent components of the embodiments are each provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.

The description of the device according to the invention will be continued with reference to the explanation of the figures.

As seen from the perspective view of 1 'Opened roll with loop rope brake' can be seen, there is the role 1 essentially from the fork housing 10 , the pivot bearing connected to the fork housing 20 , the locking mechanisms for braking 30 and for panning, the fork 40 with the fork legs 41 . 42 and the wheel between them 50 , Wheel and fork are ball-bearing 25 . 54 , by precision ball bearings or by ball race, in the fork / pivot bearing area also designed as a double ball bearing or double ball race, depending on the load.

The mounting pin 21 is the mechanical interface to the application; the interface is industry-standard in terms of industry. The pin is part of the fork housing, which has one or two ball bearings for pivoting in the back bearing dome 23 picks up through the cover 22 to be protected. Furthermore, below the bearing is a connecting element 24 connected, which with the locking mechanism and the locking lever 31 contacted mechanically and via the switching mechanism 32 . 33 the braking device by means of friction traction means 35 . 36 forms, the ends - similar to the confection of a Bowden cable - with a nipple 37 are prepared for hanging in an eye or a hook.

Of the fork and the rear fork leg is in the figure, only the hub 43 and the axis 44 make out the wheel bearing the ball by means of the bearing mount 53 take up. The wheel consists of a wheel body 51 - Also called rim - the outer diameter with a tread 55 frosted. The tread is usually an elastomer, but in general the tread material is selected application-related, as well as the property of electrical conductivity to prevent loading over the flooring in the driving condition.

In the diameter range between the bearing seat and the outer diameter of the wheel is a belt or rope drum 52 positively applied, the friction traction means, brake band 36 or brake cable 35 , in the form of a single or multiple wrapping absorbs. The surface of the belt / Seiltrommellauffläche should not be flat but concave curved so that the tape / rope guide is centered and the belt / rope during the rotation of the wheel or the drum when exceeding the friction angle always moves to the middle of the drum; Alternatively, a tape / rope guide on the drum by means of a U-shaped profile channel or a lateral boundary can be done. The leadership of the traction means is outside the drum in the fork leg and is the switching mechanism of the locking or release mechanism 30 tethered.

The braking device can be connected on the left or right side in the case of a fork-shaped wheel mount or, in the case of a double version, also on both sides. A roller with einschenkliger wheel receptacle can also be equipped with the brake system based on the frictional traction means.

The locking device for pivoting can also be performed on the basis of a frictional traction means and is also for the directional lock - lock - provided. For this purpose, in the region of the pivot bearing a narrow cylindrical lateral surface is necessary, which acts as a cable drum, and also acting by a lever locking device (not shown).

The materials for the roller parts such as fork housing and wheel with tread are application-specific to choose according to requirements; both metallic and non-metallic materials with / without electrical and / or magnetic conductivity are used; if necessary, the electrical chargeability and magnetizability, environmental influences such as dust and water protection, etc., must be taken into account. ä.

2 shows a reduced view of the role with Schlingseilbremse in perspective. By removing the wheel of the structure of fork housing, Rückenlagerdom, fork legs is highlighted with suspension. A possible application of the sling rope brake with the approximately 1 3/4-fold wound loop rope 35 is good to see. By way of example, the rope has the shape of a cylinder or comes closest to this geometry. The determination of the dimensions and the material of the looping rope must be made in accordance with the application in coordination with the brake design. The leadership 34 connects the left and right switching mechanism 32 . 33 and sees the storage of the locking device 31 in front. The brake cable is guided within the fork legs to the lock; the geometry / design of the fork determines the position of the rope. Due to the application, the proposed rope brake can also be designed as a simple rope brake.

3 shows under similar conditions as the preceding figure, a reduced representation of the role with Schlingbandbremse in perspective view. The Schlingband 36 forms in cross section by way of example a flat rectangle and is wound about 1 3/4 times around the belt drum. The Schlingbanddimensionierung and the Schlingbandwerkstoff are application-based to select the brake design. The assembly of the Schlingbands in the locking and release mechanism is not detailed here, as is the brake band in use in the locking device when pivoting the roller.

4 shows - by way of example - a reduced representation of the role with simple band brake in perspective view. The flat cuboid brake band 36 is wound about 3/4 turn around the belt drum; the necessary for braking locking and holding force is correspondingly higher than in the arrangement of the Schlingbremse, as well as the friction surface is smaller, but which can be partially compensated by selecting a different geometry or possibly other materials. The effect of lashing a sling can not be effective here to support braking. The simple band brake can also be used as a locking device when pivoting as direction lock, the connection is not detailed.

As part of a further embodiment of the invention, the locking mechanism with locking lever for braking and / or pivoting is also pronounced as a release mechanism with release lever, which is always equal to zero by a constant bias radial airway and the locking lever has the function of a release lever held.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the locking mechanism and / or the release mechanism is not operated by leverage manually, but motor assisted by means of electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic.

According to a further embodiment of the novelty, the frictional traction means is piecewise composed of a band, a belt, a belt and / or a rope form-fitting.

Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims; The numerous possibilities and advantages of the embodiment of the invention are reflected in the number of patent claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

role

10

fork housing

20

pivot bearing

21

Mounting pin, stub shaft

22

Cover, cap

23

Rückenlagerdom

24

connecting element

25

ball-bearing

30

Locking, release mechanism brake

31

Locking lever, release lever

32

Switching mechanism 1, right

33

Switching mechanism 2, left

34

guide

35

Wire rope, steel rope

36

Strap, belt, straps

37

nipple

40

fork

41

Fork leg 1, right

42

Fork leg 2, left (not shown)

43

wheel hub

44

axis

50

wheel

51

Wheel center

52

Belt drum, cable drum

53

bearing seat

54

ball-bearing

55

tread

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

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Claims (10)

Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) - in particular a roller - fixed or swivel castor - used as apparatus roll, bed roll, furniture roll, chair castor, transport roller, etc., consisting of a fork housing ( 10 ), on which a pivot bearing ( 20 ) a fork ( 40 ) is rotatably mounted, on which a supporting wheel ( 50 ), wherein the roller is provided with a braking and locking device (A) acting as a directional lock - lock - and / or a Fahrbeendigungsbremse - power brake - ( 30 ) equipped with the pivotal movement of the fork and the wheel received therein stopped and locked in a certain swing angle and can also be unlocked freely unlocked and / or braked with the rotation of the supporting wheel to a stop or locked against rotation and unlocked for turning can be, characterized in that - the braking device consists of a brake sensor and a brake actuator as Fahrbeendigungsbremse - power brake - that the brake sensor is a locking lever and / or a release lever ( 31 ), - that the members of the brake sensor to a locking and / or a release mechanism ( 30 ) in the form of one or more switching mechanisms ( 32 . 33 ) act, - that the switching mechanism acts by means of a power transmission unit on the brake actuator and - that the power transmission unit is a frictional traction means and the brake actuator is a frictional traction drive. Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) - in particular a roller - fixed or swivel castor - used as apparatus roll, bed roll, furniture roll, chair castor, transport roller, etc., consisting of a fork housing ( 10 ), on which a pivot bearing ( 20 ) a fork ( 40 ) is rotatably mounted, on which a supporting wheel ( 50 ), wherein the roller is provided with a braking and locking device (A) acting as a directional lock - lock - and / or a Fahrbeendigungsbremse - power brake - ( 30 ) equipped with the pivotal movement of the fork and the wheel housed therein stopped and locked in a certain swing angle and can also be unlocked freely unlocked and / or braked with the rotation of the supporting wheel to a stop or locked against rotation and unlocked for rotation can be, characterized - in that the locking device consists of a locking sensor and a locking actuator as a directional lock - lock -, - that the locking sensor comprises a locking lever and / or a release lever, - that the members of the locking sensor to a locking and / or a Loosening mechanism in the form of one or more switching mechanisms act, - that the switching mechanism acts by means of a power transmission unit on the locking actuator and - that the power transmission unit is a frictional traction means and the locking actuator a frictional traction means is drifting. Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that - the friction-locking traction means a belt, a belt, a belt and / or a rope ( 35 . 36 ) and - that the frictional traction drive a belt, a belt, a belt and / or a rope ( 35 . 36 ) in conjunction with a belt or drum ( 52 ). Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surface of the belt / rope drum tread ( 52 ) is designed concavely curved. Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in such a way that the belt / rope drum running surface ( 52 ) and / or each has a lateral edge to an L or U-profile. Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the braking device in forked wheel mount left or right side or - in two versions - on both sides and that the braking device is to be provided even with einschenkliger wheel. Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that both the brake actuator and the locking actuator is a simple band brake or a simple cable brake or a Schlingbandbremse or a Schlingseilbremse. Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the locking mechanism ( 30 ) with locking lever ( 31 ) is also pronounced as a release mechanism with release lever for braking and / or pivoting, wherein by a constant band / rope bias of the radial airway is always equal to zero and the locking lever has the function of a release lever held. Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the frictional traction means piecewise from a belt, a belt, a strap and / or a rope ( 35 . 36 ) is positively assembled. Device for braking and steering a roller ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the locking mechanism and / or the release mechanism ( 30 ) not manually operated by levers, but motor assisted by means of electrical, hydraulic and / or pneumatic assisted.

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