DE102008028208B4 - Combustion chamber apparatus and method for its operation - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to provide a method for operating a combustion chamber device in which an ignition process for igniting a flame can be reliably carried out several times, it is proposed that a fuel-oxidizer mixture be generated and at least one laser beam is directed onto the fuel-oxidizer mixture for igniting the same .

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating a combustion chamber device in which a fuel-oxidizer mixture is ignited.

The invention further relates to a combustion chamber device, comprising at least one combustion chamber and at least one injection head with at least one injector for supplying fuel and oxidizer to a combustion chamber.

Furthermore, the invention relates to an engine comprising at least one combustion chamber device.

In the known combustor devices and engines, for example, in the article by Huzel, D.K. and Huang, D.H., Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 147, 1992, disclosed a pyrotechnic igniter for igniting a flame in the combustor and / or engine. Such pyrotechnic igniters have the disadvantage that they can only be used once.

The DE 10 2007 033 809 A1 discloses a laser ignition system for an internal combustion engine.

The DE 37 31 046 A1 discloses a method for initiating an exothermic chemical reaction in which a laser beam is applied to a catalyst bed.

The DE 15 38 106 A discloses a magneto-hydrodynamic generator.

The DE 603 07 033 T2 discloses a pulse combustion device used in, for example, a turbine engine.

The EP 0 816 674 A1 discloses a combustion chamber in which an atomized fuel is burned with compressed air. The fuel-air mixture is for this purpose ignited by means of a laser beam, which is directed to a region downstream of a fuel nozzle in a combustion chamber of the combustion chamber.

The WO 2007/011361 A2 discloses a device for generating a spark and a diagnostic device by means of which the spark and / or a flame can be examined.

The WO 98/11388 A1 discloses a laser ignition system for igniting a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber, wherein the laser beam is directed into a combustion chamber of the combustion chamber downstream of a fuel nozzle.

The US 5,857,323 A discloses a rocket engine which is throttable over a large thrust range due to a porous primary fuel injector.

The US 5,845,480 discloses a combustion chamber in which a fuel-air mixture can be ignited by irradiation of an ignition region with microwave and laser radiation.

The US 5,673,550 discloses a method and apparatus for igniting an air-fuel spray by means of a laser device.

The US 4,302,933 discloses a jet engine in which a fuel-air mixture is ignited behind a flame holder by means of a laser beam.

The invention is based on the object to improve a method for operating a combustion chamber device so that an ignition process for igniting a flame is reliable multiple executable.

This object is achieved according to the invention in the method mentioned by the features of claim 1.

By directing a laser beam on the fuel-oxidizer mixture for igniting the same an ignition process is particularly reliable feasible. Further, a laser beam can be repeatedly directed to the fuel-oxidizer mixture, so that an ignition process with little effort at short intervals is repeatable.

It can be advantageous if at least one laser beam is directed onto a flame-arresting zone. In this way, a particularly reliable ignition is possible.

Flame anchoring zones (also referred to as flame holding zone, flame anchor point, flame anchoring point, flame anchoring zone or flame stabilization zone) are described, for example, in the article by Singla G. et al., Flame stabilization in high pressure LOx / GH2 and GCH4 combustion. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31, pp. 2215-2222, 2007, and in the article by Matsuyama S. et al., A Numerical Investigation on Shear Coaxial LOX / GH2 Jet Flame at Supercritical Pressure. 44 ^th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, 2006.

The flame arresting zone is the zone in which an ignitable mixture of fuel and Oxidizer is formed and from which can form a stable flame after the ignition of the mixture.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided that fuel and oxidizer are mixed before being fed into a combustion chamber of the combustion chamber device at least partially within an injector. As a result, an advantageous combustion of the fuel is possible.

The fuel and the oxidizer are at least partially coaxially guided by means of at least one injector. In this way, a mixture of fuel and oxidizer at an outlet opening is particularly easy to implement.

In particular, it can be provided with coaxial supply of fuel and oxidizer that forms a flame arresting zone in a wake of an inner feed.

A caster is to be understood as the region which is arranged in an inflow direction behind a wall separating the fuel and the oxidizer.

It may be favorable if at least one laser beam is guided at least in sections by means of a light guide. In this way, the at least one laser beam can be guided particularly easily and flexibly within the combustion chamber device.

It can also be advantageous if at least one laser beam is directed transversely to a main axis of at least one injector.

It may be particularly favorable if the at least one laser beam is directed at least approximately perpendicular to a main axis of at least one injector.

On the one hand, it can be provided that at least one laser beam is focused by means of an optical system. In this way, the laser energy required for the ignition can be provided specifically at a specific location.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that at least one laser beam is directed to the fuel-oxidizer mixture in an unfocused manner.

In one embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that radiation is decoded by means of a detection device from at least one area, on which at least one laser beam is directed. As a result, for example, the temperature and / or the density in the region on which the at least one laser beam is directed can be examined.

It can be advantageous if it is checked by means of a detection device whether a laser beam has led to the ignition of the fuel-oxidizer mixture and to the formation of a flame. In this way it is possible to monitor whether an ignition process was successful.

It may also be advantageous, if it is checked after the formation of a flame at regular intervals, whether the flame is extinguished. This makes it particularly easy to check whether unburned fuel-oxidizer mixture flows out.

It may be particularly advantageous if, after extinguishing the flame for re-ignition, a laser beam is directed onto the fuel-oxidizer mixture. Thus, a flame in the combustion chamber device can be restored in a particularly simple way.

It may be favorable if a plurality of laser beams are directed to different areas of the fuel-oxidizer mixture. As a result, ignition can take place at several points.

In particular, it can be provided that an ignition takes place at several points simultaneously.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the laser beams are generated offset in time. Thereby, an explosive ignition of the fuel-oxidizer mixture, that is, a substantially simultaneous ignition of the entire mixture and thus the formation of a pressure wave can be prevented.

It can be advantageous if the laser beams are controlled by means of a control device. In this way, in particular a temporal offset of the laser beams is easily controllable.

The invention is further based on the object to provide a combustion chamber device of the type mentioned, which allows a reliable and multiple executable ignition process for igniting a flame.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 14.

The combustion chamber device according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the method according to the invention.

It can be advantageous if the laser device serving as the ignition source is integrated in an injector. As a result, the combustion chamber device can be designed to save space.

The at least one injector comprises at least one injector element designed as a fuel injector element for supplying fuel and at least one injector element designed as an oxidizer injector element for supplying oxidant. In this way, both fuel and oxidizer can be supplied by means of the injector.

The at least two injector elements of the at least one injector are arranged coaxially with one another.

It can be particularly favorable when at least three injector elements of the at least one injector are arranged in a tricoaxial manner. As a result, at least three fluids, for example different from one another, can be guided separately by means of the injector.

It can be advantageous if the at least one injector comprises at least one injector tube.

In one embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that an inner and / or an outer chamfer is provided at a rear end of at least one injector element in the inflow direction. In this way, a mixture formation in the inflow direction behind the injector element is favored.

It may be advantageous if the at least one injector opens at an injector opening directly into the combustion chamber.

At least one injector element comprises an orifice opening, which is arranged offset from an inlet plane of the at least one injector against an inflow direction. As a result, an optimized flow within the combustion chamber device is possible.

In particular, by suitably selecting the relative distances and the diameters of the mouth openings and the exit plane, a flame-retarding zone can be formed within the injector and a flame can be kept more stable there.

Furthermore, such a setback of the orifice of the at least one injector element relative to the exit plane of the at least one injector offers the advantage that an opening angle of a flame which forms as it enters the combustion chamber increases. As a result, this leads to improved performance data of the combustion chamber, in particular to a better combustion stability and a higher combustion efficiency.

It may be advantageous if the laser device comprises at least one laser diode. In this way, a laser beam is easily generated.

Alternatively or additionally, other laser devices such as solid-state lasers, gas lasers, dye lasers, etc. may be used.

In particular, it can be provided that a laser beam is tuned to the oxidizer with regard to an absorption wavelength, the activation energy or the emissivity for a primary excitation.

Advantageously, it can be provided that the laser beam with a frequency of at least 10 Hz, in particular with a frequency of several 100 Hz, pulsates to increase the ignition safety.

It can be advantageous if the laser device comprises at least one light guide for guiding the at least one laser beam.

It may be favorable if the laser device comprises at least one optical system for focusing the at least one laser beam.

In the invention, it is provided that the laser device is arranged on at least one injector such that at least one laser beam runs at least partially in a fluid channel of the at least one injector. In this way, a laser beam can be easily directed to a mixture of fuel and oxidizer.

At least one optical access is provided in an outer wall of the at least one injector. As a result, a laser beam can be easily directed into an interior of the injector.

The at least one optical access is arranged in a direction parallel to the inflow direction between at least one orifice opening of an injector element and an exit plane of the at least one injector. As a result, the at least one laser beam can be simply directed onto a fuel-oxidizer mixture that already forms within the injector.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the combustion chamber device comprises at least one detection device. On This way, a simple monitoring of the combustion chamber device can take place.

It may be favorable if the at least one detection device comprises at least one light detector. In this way, light emitted from the flame in the combustion chamber device can be easily detected.

It can be particularly favorable if the at least one detection device comprises at least one light guide. In this way, light emitted from the flame in the combustion chamber device can easily be guided to the detection device.

It can be advantageous if the at least one detection device is arranged on at least one injector such that a flame can be detected in the region in which ignition of the fuel-oxidizer mixture takes place by means of at least one laser beam. In this way it is particularly easy to monitor whether an ignition of the fuel-oxidizer mixture has occurred.

It can be particularly advantageous if at least one detection device is arranged on at least one injector such that a flame can be detected between at least one orifice opening of an injector element and an exit plane of the at least one injector. This makes it easy to check whether the flame extends into or out of the injector.

It can be advantageous if a beam deflection is provided in order to be able to guide both at least one laser beam and a beam to be detected by means of the at least one detection device via an optical path which is at least partially section-wise. In this way, by means of only one optical access to the injector, both a coupling of a laser and a coupling-out of a light beam emitted by the flame and to be detected by the detection device can take place.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that at least one injector comprises at least two optical accesses in an outer wall.

In one embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the at least one injection head comprises a plurality of uniformly spaced injectors arranged. As a result, a uniform formation of a flame in the combustion chamber device is possible in a simple manner.

It may be advantageous if at least one control device is provided for controlling the combustion chamber device.

It may be particularly advantageous if at least two injectors are each assigned a laser device, wherein the at least two laser devices are controllable by means of the control device, in particular in terms of time.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the power and / or the pulse duration of the at least two laser devices can be controlled by means of the control device.

The invention is further based on the object to provide an engine of the type mentioned, which allows a reliable and multiple executable ignition process for igniting a flame in the engine.

This object is achieved in that a combustion chamber device according to the invention is used.

The engine according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the method according to the invention and the combustion chamber device according to the invention.

The combustion chamber device according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.

• – Zündung direkt bei der Einspritzung und damit keine Flammenwanderung und kein Ausblasen der Flamme;
• – Möglichkeit der gruppierten Zündung durch eine gruppierte Anordnung von Injektoren mit Zündvorrichtung am Einblaskopf;
• – Reduktion der Kosten;
• – keine Überdimensionierung der Brennkammervorrichtung nötig, da eine hohe Zündsicherheit gewährleistet ist;
• – hohe Redundanz durch mehrere Zündorte;
• – sofortige Detektion einer Zündung möglich;
• – Verringerung der Komplexität der Zündvorrichtung;
• – keine Notwendigkeit von hypergolen Zündern und damit auch Vermeidung von toxischen und aggressiven Brennstoffen und Oxidatoren;
• – Bereitstellung einer lokalvariablen Zündung;
• – Verringerung des starken Druckschlags bei der Zündung und der damit verbundenen hohen Belastung der Brennkammervorrichtung;
• – Wiederzündbarkeit;
• – Wiederverwendbarkeit;
• – Verringerung des Betriebsrisikos;
• – Zündung unmittelbar in der Flammenankerungszone und damit unmittelbare Flammenstabilisierung;
• – gute Einstellbarkeit des Zündortes;
• – zeitlich und räumlich getrennte Zündung zur Ermöglichung einer optimalen Zünd- und Anfahrsequenz; und
• – Verwendung von lediglich elektrischer Leistung zur Zündung der Flamme und damit Vermeidung von zusätzlichem Treibstoff und entsprechenden Leitungs- und Isolationssystemen.

The combustion chamber device according to the invention, the method according to the invention for its operation and the engine according to the invention also have the following advantages:

• - Ignition directly at the injection and thus no flame migration and no blowing out of the flame;
• Possibility of grouped ignition by a grouped arrangement of injectors with ignition device on the injection head;
• - reduction of costs;
• - No oversizing of the combustion chamber device necessary because a high ignition safety is ensured;
• - high redundancy through multiple ignition locations;
• - Immediate detection of ignition possible;
• - reducing the complexity of the ignition device;
• - no need of hypergolic primers and thus avoidance of toxic and aggressive fuels and oxidizers;
• - Providing a local variable ignition;
• - Reduction of the strong pressure shock at the ignition and the associated high load of the combustion chamber device;
• - re-ignitability;
• - reusability;
• - reduction of operating risk;
• - Ignition directly in the flame-arresting zone and thus immediate flame stabilization;
• - good adjustability of the ignition location;
• - Time and space separate ignition to enable an optimal ignition and starting sequence; and
• - Use of only electrical power to ignite the flame and thus avoid additional fuel and corresponding piping and insulation systems.

Combustor apparatuses according to the present invention also find application in the chemical and process industries because the quality of a product produced in a combustor or by using a combustor can be improved by a combustor according to the present invention.

Further advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the drawings of exemplary embodiments.

In the figures show:

1 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device;

2 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with a Zündleitrohr;

3 a schematic representation of a third embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with an optical access;

4 a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with an optical access and a laser device;

5 a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with a laser device and a detection device;

6 a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with two oppositely arranged laser devices;

7 a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with obliquely arranged supply of a laser beam;

8th a schematic representation of an eighth embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with three fluid channels for supplying fluids;

9 a schematic representation of a plan view of a front side of the third embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device according to 3 ;

10 a schematic representation of a plan view of a front side of a ninth embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with two perpendicular to a main axis and perpendicular to each other aligned optical accesses;

11 a schematic representation of a plan view of a front side of a tenth embodiment of an injector of a combustion chamber device with two perpendicular to a main axis of the injector and at an angle α aligned optical accesses;

12 a schematic representation of a plan view of a front side of a first embodiment of an injection head of a combustion chamber device with a plurality of injectors and central ignition;

13 a schematic representation of a plan view of a front side of a second embodiment of an injection head of a combustion chamber device having a plurality of injectors with decentralized ignition;

14 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a staged combustion engine;

15 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of an engine, which is used as a gas generator; and

16 a schematic representation of a third embodiment of an engine, which can be used as an expander.

Equal or functionally equivalent elements are in the 1 to 16 provided with the same reference numerals.

An in 1 fragmentary illustrated combustion chamber device 100 includes a combustion chamber 102 with a combustion chamber 103 and a blow-in head 104 ,

The injection head 104 includes several injectors 106 , As an example of the number of injectors 106 be noted that in the known injection head of the Vulcain II engine of the Ariane 5 five hundred and sixty-six injectors 106 are provided. There are one hundred and twenty two injectors in the VINCI upper stage engine 106 intended.

An in 1 illustrated first embodiment of an injector 106 includes an inner injector element 108 and an outer injector element 110 ,

The inner injector element 108 is substantially tubular and includes an inner fluid channel 112 ,

The outer injector element 110 is formed by a tube and on a base body 114 of the injector 106 arranged.

The inner injector element 108 is inside the outer injector element 110 arranged, with a main axis 116 of the inner injector element 108 with a major axis 118 the outer injector element 110 and a major axis 120 of the injector 106 coincides.

The inner injector element 108 and the outer injector element 110 are arranged coaxially with each other, wherein an outer diameter of the inner Injektorelements 108 smaller than an inner diameter of the outer injector element 110 so that between the inner injector element 108 and the outer injector element 110 in the radial direction with respect to the main axes 116 . 118 and 120 is a clearance, which is an outer fluid channel 122 forms.

The inner fluid channel 112 and the outer fluid channel 122 serve to supply fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber 102 ,

In particular, hydrogen, methane and kerosene can serve as fuels. As the oxidant is provided in this embodiment, in particular liquid, oxygen. The temperature of the oxygen is, for example, about 90K to about 130K. When using oxygen for combustor cooling, the temperature of the oxygen as it is supplied to the injector 106 but also be higher.

The outer injector element 110 ends at a rear end in an inflow E with an orifice 124 in the combustion chamber 103 ,

The mouth opening 124 the outer injector element 110 is in an exit level 126 arranged and forms a rear in the inflow direction E of the injector 106 ,

An in the inflow direction E behind the end of the inner injector 108 is as a mouth opening 128 of the inner injector element 108 educated.

The mouth opening 128 of the inner injector element 108 is relative to the exit level 126 with respect to the inflow direction E set back by a distance S, that is offset against the inflow direction E, arranged.

Because of the inner fluid channel 112 at the mouth opening 128 of the inner injector element 108 in the inflow direction E before the end of the outer fluid channel 122 ends, is at the injector 106 a common fluid channel 130 provided in which one in the inner fluid channel 112 guided fluid together with a in the outer fluid channel 122 guided fluid is guided.

At least partially mixed in this common fluid channel 130 that in the outer fluid channel 122 guided fluid and that in the inner fluid channel 112 guided fluid.

This forms a mixing zone 132 out, which at the mouth opening 128 of the inner fluid channel 112 followed.

The mixing in the mixing zone 132 is in this embodiment of the injector 106 through a chamfer 134 at the rear end of the inner injector element in the inflow direction E 108 and favors a velocity difference between the fuel inflow velocity of about 200 m / s to about 400 m / s and the oxygen inflow velocity of about 20 m / s to about 30 m / s. Furthermore, this leads to efficient atomization of fuel and oxidizer.

As the fluids in the mixing zone 132 due to the resulting shear forces circulating between the fluid jets, the mixing zone 132 also recirculation zone 136 called. The recirculation zone 136 is directly in the wake of the inner injector element 108 arranged.

It may be provided that in the inner fluid channel 112 guided fluid an oxidizer and in the outer fluid channel 122 guided fluid is a fuel.

However, it may also be provided that in the inner fluid channel 112 a fuel and in the outer fluid channel 122 an oxidizer is performed.

By using a fuel and an oxidizer as in the injector 106 guided Fluids, results in the mixing zone 132 a fuel-oxidizer mixture which may be flammable.

A flame spreads after ignition due to the recirculation of the fluids in the recirculation zone 136 usually from this recirculation zone 136 from from. Due to the recirculation of the fluids and the associated reduction of the flow velocities, the flame is "anchored". Therefore, the recirculation zone 136 also as a flame-anchoring zone 140 designated.

Depending on the flow parameters, the recirculation zone 136 but also over a larger area than the flame-arresting zone 140 extend, wherein the flame-anchoring zone 140 then in the recirculation zone 136 is arranged.

The spatial extent of the flame-arresting zone 140 in the axial direction is generally about the same order of magnitude of the radial wall thickness of the inner injector 108 at the mouth opening 128 , For example, the wall thickness is approximately 1 mm at the maximum.

The spatial extent of the flame-arresting zone 140 in the axial direction is then for example about 1 mm to about 3 mm.

For ignition in the flame-arresting zone 140 Due to lower flow rates and favorable mixing ratios, a lower ignition energy is required than for ignition downstream.

Preferably, ignition takes place inside the injector 106 ,

By means of a flame anchorage can be a, usually cyclic, removing and approaching a flame to the injector 106 That is, a flame migration, avoided and the flame are stabilized thereby.

An in 2 illustrated second embodiment of an injector 106 is different from the one in 1 illustrated first embodiment in that the injector 106 an ignition tube 142 which is used as an ignition device 138 serves.

An in the inflow direction E behind the end of the Zündleitrohrs 142 is in the exit level 126 arranged and thus flows at the same height in the combustion chamber 103 like the mouth opening 124 the outer fluid channel 122 ,

By means of the ignition tube 142 For example, a spark in the combustion chamber 103 be introduced, which one by means of the injector 106 in the combustion chamber 103 the combustion chamber 102 ignited introduced fluid flow.

Incidentally, the in 2 illustrated second embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with the in 1 illustrated in the first embodiment, reference is made to the above description in this regard.

An in 3 illustrated third embodiment of an injector 106 is different from the one in 1 illustrated first embodiment in that an optical access 144 is provided.

The optical access 144 is as a passage opening 145 in an outer wall 146 the outer injector element 110 educated.

The optical access 144 is in the inflow direction E between the mouth opening 124 the outer fluid channel 122 and the mouth opening 128 of the inner fluid channel 112 arranged.

For easy guidance of light is in this embodiment, a light guide 148 intended. One end of the light guide 148 is arranged so that it is flush with an inside 150 the outer wall 146 the outer injector element 110 concludes.

The light guide 148 is at least approximately perpendicular to the main axis 116 of the inner injector element 108 , the main axis 118 the outer injector element 110 and the main axis 120 of the injector 106 aligned so that one by means of the light guide 148 in the injector 106 directed laser beam the mixing zone 132 twice at least approximately perpendicular cuts.

For successful ignition, a laser beam must only be on a mixing zone 132 with an ignitable mixture of fuel and oxidizer. This mixing zone 132 does not necessarily have a recirculation zone 136 or a flame-anchoring zone 140 be.

Directing the laser beam at a flame-arresting zone 140 however, it may have advantages in terms of ignition safety and flame stability.

The laser beam is generated by a laser device (not shown).

The laser parameters required for the initial ignition depend on whether a resonant ignition, that is a direct excitation of, for example, oxygen, or a thermal Ignition, that is a nonspecific "broadband" excitation, to be effected by means of the laser device.

For example, for resonant ignition and laser-induced photochemical ignition, a laser wavelength of about 130 nm to about 250 nm may be provided. The pulse frequency is, for example, at most 100 Hz. The pulse duration can be approximately 10 ns. For example, the pulse energy in resonant ignition is at most about 50 mJ.

In the case of thermal ignition, it is possible to use a considerably higher wavelength, which is produced, for example, with commercially available infrared lasers, in particular with diode lasers, and a pulse energy of at most approximately 150 mJ.

An advantage of the resonant ignition is the low ignition energy requirement.

The injector 106 serves in particular the initial ignition of a flame in a combustion chamber device, that is, the initial ignition by a third example, a laser device comprising Fremdzündquelle.

An extinction of the flame after an initial ignition is achieved by a suitable arrangement of the injectors 106 and prevented by a suitable choice of injection conditions.

Incidentally, the in 3 illustrated third embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with the in 1 illustrated in the first embodiment, reference is made to the above description in this regard.

An in 4 illustrated fourth embodiment of an injector 106 is different from the one in 3 illustrated third embodiment in that a laser device 152 is provided, which comprises, for example, at least one laser diode for generating a laser beam.

Laser diodes have the advantages that they are very small and well available and can be installed with little effort.

Unlike the in 3 illustrated third embodiment of the injector 106 is at the in 4 illustrated fourth embodiment no optical fiber 148 intended. Instead, it closes with the inside 150 the outer wall 146 the outer injector element 110 an optical system 154 flush off.

However, it can also be provided that the passage opening 145 filled with a translucent substance.

By means of the optical system 154 can one by means of the laser device 152 be generated laser beam focused.

A focus 156 of the optical system 154 falls in this embodiment in the mixing zone 132 ,

However, it can also be provided that the laser beam is focused on another area.

Furthermore, the in 4 illustrated fourth embodiment of an injector 106 characterized in that at in the inflow direction E rear end of the inner injector 108 no chamfering is provided.

Incidentally, the in 4 illustrated fourth embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with the in 3 illustrated third embodiment, the above description of which reference is made.

An in 5 illustrated fifth embodiment of an injector 106 is different from the one in 4 illustrated fourth embodiment in that in an optical path 158 of the laser beam a beam deflection 160 is arranged.

Furthermore, a detection device 162 intended for the detection of light.

This may in particular comprise a photodiode, a CCD chip and / or a photomultiplier.

For the spectral resolution of the light to be detected, a spectrometer may also be provided.

The beam deflection 160 is doing so in the optical way 158 of the laser beam, that of the laser beam and of the detection device 162 light to be detected at least in sections on a common optical path 164 through a common optical access 166 and a common optical system 168 be guided.

Incidentally, the in 5 illustrated fifth embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with the in 4 illustrated fourth embodiment, on the the description above is incorporated by reference.

An in 6 illustrated sixth embodiment of an injector 106 is essentially the same as in 4 illustrated fourth embodiment of an injector 106 , wherein in the sixth embodiment of an injector 106 a visual access 144 concerning the main axis 116 of the inner injector element 108 , the main axis 118 the outer injector element 110 and the main axis 120 of the injector 106 directly opposite second optical access 170 is provided.

Through this second optical access 170 can by means of a second laser device 172 and a second optical system 174 another laser beam to a second focus 176 be focused.

Incidentally, the in 6 illustrated sixth embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with the in 4 4, the above description of which is incorporated herein by reference.

An in 7 illustrated seventh embodiment of an injector 106 is essentially the same as in 3 illustrated third embodiment of an injector 106 , with the difference that the passage opening 145 in the outer wall 146 the outer injector element 110 not perpendicular to the inside 150 the outer injector element 110 is aligned, but at an angle α, with a centrally through the passage opening 145 guided laser beam with the exit plane 126 includes the angle α.

The angle α in one embodiment is on the order of about 30 °, so that a laser beam at this angle in the common fluid channel 130 is einstrahlbar. The irradiated laser beam cuts the mixing zone 132 in a place of ignition 178 , which in the common fluid channel 130 is arranged.

An irradiation of the laser beam at the angle α is used, possibly existing design restrictions in the injector 106 to get around and spark locations 178 reach, which would not be reached under vertical irradiation. In particular, this may be the case if the distance S is very small, for example smaller than the diameter of the optical access 144 , is.

For additional ignition at an interface 180 in which the laser beam again the mixing zone 132 As a rule, the energy of the laser beam is insufficient.

Incidentally, the in 7 illustrated seventh embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with the in 3 illustrated third embodiment, the above description of which reference is made.

An in 8th illustrated eighth embodiment of an injector 106 is different from the one in 3 illustrated third embodiment in that the injector 106 a middle injector element 182 which is inside the outer injector element 110 is arranged and the inner injector element 108 surrounds.

The middle injector element 182 is substantially tubular and has an orifice 184 on, which in the inflow direction E between the mouth opening 124 the outer injector element 110 and the mouth opening 128 of the inner injector element 108 is arranged.

By the arrangement of the middle injector element 182 between the outer injector element 110 and the inner injector element 108 results in addition to the outer fluid channel 122 which is between the outer injector element 110 and the middle injector element 182 is arranged, and the inner fluid channel 112 , which is inside the inner injector element 108 is arranged, a central fluid channel 186 which is between the middle injector element 182 and the inner injector element 108 is arranged.

On the inside of a rear end of the central injector in the inflow direction E 182 is a chamfer 188 provided, which is essentially the chamfering 134 of the inner injector element 108 equivalent.

A major axis 190 of the middle injector element 182 falls with the main axis 116 of the inner injector element 108 , the main axis 118 the outer injector element 110 and the main axis 120 of the injector 106 together. The injector 106 is thus designed as Trikoaxialinjektor.

Due to the recessed arrangement of the mouth opening 128 of the inner injector element 108 opposite the mouth opening 184 of the middle injector element 182 results in an opening of the inner fluid channel 112 in the middle fluid channel 186 , Wherein being in the inflow direction E rear end of the inner injector 108 a mixing zone 132 formed.

At the rear end of the central injector in the inflow E direction 182 Finally, the inner fluid channel opens 112 with the middle one fluid channel 186 in the outer fluid channel 122 , Also at the rear end of the middle injector in the inflow E direction 182 This forms a mixing zone 132 out.

The mixing zones 132 are following the ends of the injector elements 108 . 182 formed substantially annular and arranged coaxially with each other.

A through the optical access 144 in the common fluid channel 130 irradiated laser beam cuts both mixing zones 132 twice each, so theoretically in total four possible ignition locations 192 which result due to the vertical orientation of the optical access 144 all in the common fluid channel 130 inside the injector 106 are arranged.

However, only the first ignition location in the direction of irradiation usually has practical relevance, since even here the laser energy is for the most part absorbed.

The eighth embodiment of an injector is particularly suitable for use in pre-combustion chambers or gas generators, wherein either two different components, in particular with central supply of an oxidizer, or three different components are supplied.

Incidentally, the in 8th illustrated eighth embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with the in 3 illustrated third embodiment, the above description of which reference is made.

In 9 is a schematic representation of a plan view of the front of the third embodiment of an injector 106 shown.

In particular, it can be seen from this illustration that the main axis 116 of the inner injector element 108 , the main axis 118 the outer injector element 110 and the main axis 120 of the injector 106 coincide.

In 10 is in one of the 9 corresponding representation of a ninth embodiment of an injector 106 shown, which is essentially the in 9 illustrated third embodiment of an injector 106 corresponds, with the difference that two passages 145 in the outer wall 146 the outer injector element 110 are provided, which each one with a light guide 148 provided optical access 144 form.

The optical accesses 144 are arranged in this embodiment, that they are aligned relative to each other at a vertical angle and perpendicular to the inflow direction E.

Incidentally, the in 10 illustrated ninth embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with in the 3 and 9 illustrated third embodiment, the above description of which reference is made.

At an in 11 illustrated tenth embodiment of an injector 106 are according to the in 10 illustrated ninth embodiment, two optical accesses 144 provided, with the difference that the optical accesses 144 are not aligned relative to each other in a vertical angle, but at an angle β to each other.

The angle β in one embodiment is on the order of about 135 °.

Incidentally, the in 11 illustrated tenth embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with in the 3 and 9 illustrated third embodiment, the above description of which reference is made.

In 12 is a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a Einblaskopfs 104 with two hundred and five injectors 106 represented, which are arranged in a symmetrical pattern. A symmetrical pattern results in the design of an injection head 104 usually in particular in the radially outer rows, so that a combustion chamber wall during operation of the combustion chamber device 100 is evenly loaded. In the radially inner region is usually a uniform distance between the injectors 106 provided from each other. By taking both criteria into consideration, therefore, very complex patterns of the injectors usually arise 106 ,

In this first embodiment of the injection head 104 is provided that a central injector 106 a laser-based igniter 138 includes.

For example, in such a blowing head 104 be provided that the central injector 106 according to the in the 3 and 9 illustrated third embodiment, while the other injectors 106 the in 1 correspond to the first embodiment shown.

An in 13 illustrated second embodiment of a Einblaskopfs 104 is different from the one in 12 shown first Embodiment of an injection head 104 in that four decentralized injectors 106 are provided, which, for example, in 3 represented third embodiment, and thus each a laser-based ignition device 138 include. Furthermore, the injection head comprises 104 Two hundred and one injectors 106 , which are essentially those in 1 shown first embodiment, that is without igniter 138 , correspond.

The injectors 106 are at the in 13 illustrated second embodiment of the injection head 104 evenly on a circle around a major axis 194 of the injection head 104 distributed. In this way, one can use the injectors 106 of the injection head 104 in the combustion chamber 103 the combustion chamber 102 inflowing mixture of fuel and oxidizer are ignited decentralized, resulting in a significant reduction caused by the ignition load of the injection head 104 and the entire combustion chamber device 100 allows.

Incidentally, the in 13 illustrated second embodiment of a Einblaskopfs 104 in terms of structure and function with the in 12 illustrated in the first embodiment, reference is made to the above description in this regard.

An in 14 illustrated first embodiment of an engine 196 includes a combustion chamber device 100 with a blowing head 104 comprising a plurality of injectors (not shown).

The first embodiment of the engine 196 is a rocket engine.

However, it can alternatively also be provided that the engine is an aircraft gas turbine, a stationary gas turbine or an internal combustion engine.

A combustion chamber 103 a combustion chamber 102 , in which the injection head 104 is from a Laval nozzle 198 bounded.

The engine 196 further includes an oxidizer feed 200 , a fuel feeder 202 and a turbine 204 , An oxidizer pump 206 serves to drive an oxidizer. A fuel pump 208 serves to power a fuel.

For supplying oxidizer and fuel to the turbine 204 are feeding devices 210 intended. Further, feeding devices 210 provided to oxidizer by means of the oxidizer pump 206 to the injection head 104 the combustion chamber device 100 and a pre-burner 212 to transport.

From the combustion chamber 103 the combustion chamber 102 can the pre-burner 212 by means of a feeding device 210 one in the combustion chamber 103 the combustion chamber 102 be supplied to existing gas mixture. At the pre-burner 212 escaping gas can by means of a feeder 210 the turbine 204 be supplied.

Another feeder 210 is for establishing fluid communication between the turbine 204 and the combustion chamber device 100 intended.

Further, a feeding device 210 provided to by means of the fuel pump 208 Fuel one end of the Laval nozzle 198 supply.

At the in 14 shown first embodiment of an engine 196 a stepped combustion is provided. In particular, in this engine 196 a pre-combustion in the pre-burner 212 , The turbine 204 drives the fuel pump 208 and the oxidizer pump 206 at. On the one hand, combustion takes place directly at the injection head 104 the combustion chamber device 100 and on the other hand near an exit of the Laval nozzle 198 , where fuel is supplied again.

An in 15 illustrated second embodiment of an engine 196 is essentially the same as in 14 shown first embodiment of an engine 196 , with differently arranged feed devices 210 , In the second embodiment of the engine 196 is this engine 196 operable as a gas generator.

For this purpose, a supply of oxidant by means of the oxidizer pump 206 to the pre-burner 212 , the combustion chamber device 100 and the turbine 204 , By means of the fuel pump 208 is via feeding devices 210 the turbine 204 , the pre-burner 212 and the end of the Laval nozzle 198 Fuel supplied.

From the pre-burner 212 Gas gets into the turbine 204 and from there into a central area of the Laval nozzle 198 by means of a further feeding device 210 promoted.

Further, on the combustion chamber device 100 a return 214 provided to in the combustion chamber 103 the combustion chamber 102 gas available to the injector head 104 to be able to supply.

Incidentally, the in 15 illustrated second embodiment of an engine 196 in terms of structure and function with the in 14 illustrated in the first embodiment, reference is made to the above description in this regard.

In 16 is a third embodiment of an engine 196 represented, which differ from the in 14 illustrated first embodiment differs in that no pre-burner 212 is provided and the supply lines 210 between the oxidizer pump 206 and the combustion chamber device 100 , between the turbine 204 and the combustion chamber device 100 , between the fuel pump 208 and the turbine 204 , between the oxidizer pump 206 and the turbine 204 and between the fuel pump 208 and the end of the Laval nozzle 198 are arranged.

In this embodiment, the engine 196 be operated in particular as an expander.

This is done by the oxidizer pump 206 the combustion chamber device 100 Oxidizer supplied. From the turbine 204 originating gas also becomes the combustion chamber device 100 fed, wherein a return line from the combustion chamber device 100 to the turbine 204 is provided.

The turbine 204 is supplied with oxidizer and fuel. Furthermore, a supply line 210 provided to fuel by means of the fuel pump 208 the end of the Laval nozzle 198 supply.

Incidentally, the in 16 illustrated third embodiment of an injector 106 in terms of structure and function with the in 14 illustrated in the first embodiment, reference is made to the above description in this regard.

Claims (33)

Method for operating a combustion chamber device, comprising: generating a fuel-oxidizer mixture by means of at least one injection head ( 104 ) with at least one injector ( 106 ) for supplying fuel and oxidizer to a combustion chamber ( 103 ) of the combustion chamber device ( 100 ), wherein the at least one injector ( 106 ) at least one injector element designed as a fuel injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) for supplying fuel and at least one injector element designed as an oxidizer injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) for supplying oxidizer, wherein the at least two injector elements ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) are arranged coaxially to one another and wherein at least one injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) an orifice ( 124 . 128 . 184 ), which are opposite an exit plane ( 126 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) is arranged offset back against an inflow direction (E); Generating at least one laser beam by means of a laser device ( 152 . 172 ) for igniting the fuel-oxidizer mixture, characterized in that the laser device ( 152 . 172 ) at the at least one injector ( 106 ) is arranged such that the at least one laser beam at least partially in a fluid channel ( 112 . 122 . 130 . 186 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) that is used as oxidizer liquid oxygen and that the at least one laser beam through at least one in an outer wall ( 146 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) arranged optical access ( 144 . 170 ) in an interior of the injector ( 106 ), the optical access ( 144 . 170 ) in a direction parallel to an inflow direction (E) between the exit plane ( 126 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) and the at least one orifice ( 124 . 128 . 184 ) of the injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ), which are opposite the exit plane ( 126 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) is arranged backward against the inflow direction (E). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one laser beam is directed to a flame arresting zone. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fuel and the oxidizer before being fed into the combustion chamber ( 103 ) of the combustion chamber device ( 100 ) at least partially within the at least one injector ( 106 ) are mixed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one laser beam at least in sections by means of a light guide ( 148 ) to be led. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one laser beam transverse to a main axis ( 120 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ). Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one laser beam by means of an optical system ( 154 ) is focused. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that by means of a detection device ( 162 ) Radiation is detected from at least one region, on which the at least one laser beam is directed. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that by means of the detection device ( 162 ) is checked if a laser beam for ignition of the fuel-oxidizer mixture and has led to the formation of a flame. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that is checked after the formation of a flame at regular intervals, whether the flame is extinguished. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that after extinguishing the flame for re-ignition, a laser beam is directed to the fuel-oxidizer mixture. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a plurality of laser beams are directed to different areas of the fuel-oxidizer mixture. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the laser beams are generated offset in time. A method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the laser beams are controlled by means of a control device. Combustion chamber device comprising: - at least one combustion chamber ( 102 ), - at least one injection head ( 104 ) with at least one injector ( 106 ) for supplying fuel and oxidizer to a combustion chamber ( 103 ), wherein the at least one injector ( 106 ) at least one injector element designed as a fuel injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) for supplying fuel and at least one injector element designed as an oxidizer injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 for supplying oxidizer, wherein at least two injector elements ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) are arranged coaxially to one another and wherein at least one injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) an orifice ( 124 . 128 . 184 ), which are opposite an exit plane ( 126 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) is arranged offset back against an inflow direction (E), and - a laser device ( 152 . 172 ) for generating at least one laser beam for igniting a fuel-oxidizer mixture, characterized in that the laser device ( 152 . 172 ) at the at least one injector ( 106 ) is arranged such that the at least one laser beam at least partially in a fluid channel ( 112 . 122 . 130 . 186 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) that is provided as oxidizer liquid oxygen and that at least one in an outer wall ( 146 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) optical access ( 144 . 170 ) is provided, by which the at least one laser beam in an interior of the injector ( 106 ) and which in a direction parallel to an inflow direction (E) between the exit plane ( 126 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) and the at least one orifice ( 124 . 128 . 184 ) of the injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ), which are opposite the exit plane ( 126 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) is arranged backward against the inflow direction (E). Combustion chamber device according to claim 14, characterized in that at least three injector elements ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) are arranged tricoaxial with each other. Combustion chamber device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the at least one injector ( 106 ) comprises at least one injector tube. Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that at one in an inflow direction (E) rear end of the at least one injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) an inner and / or outer chamfer ( 134 . 188 ) is provided. Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the at least one injector ( 106 ) at an injector mouth ( 124 ) directly into the combustion chamber ( 103 ). Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the laser device ( 152 . 172 ) comprises at least one laser diode. Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the laser device ( 152 . 172 ) at least one light guide ( 148 ) for guiding the at least one laser beam. Brennkamsmervorrichtung according to any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the laser device ( 152 . 172 ) at least one optical system ( 154 . 168 . 174 ) for focusing the at least one laser beam. Combustion chamber device according to one of Claims 14 to 21, characterized by at least one detection device ( 162 ). Combustion chamber device according to claim 22, characterized in that the at least one Detection device ( 162 ) comprises at least one light detector. Combustion chamber device according to claim 23, characterized in that the at least one detection device ( 162 ) at least one light guide ( 148 ). Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the at least one detection device ( 162 ) at the at least one injector ( 106 ) is arranged that a flame in an area ( 132 . 136 . 140 ) is detectable, in which an ignition of the fuel-oxidizer mixture takes place by means of the at least one laser beam. Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the at least one detection device ( 162 ) at the at least one injector ( 106 ) is arranged such that a flame between the at least one orifice ( 124 . 128 . 184 ) of the injector element ( 108 . 110 . 182 ) and an exit level ( 126 ) of the at least one injector ( 106 ) is detectable. Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that a beam deflection ( 160 ) is provided to both the at least one laser beam and by means of the at least one detection device ( 162 ) to be detected light beam via an at least partially common optical path ( 164 ) to be able to lead. Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 14 to 27, characterized in that the at least one injector ( 106 ) at least two optical accesses ( 144 . 170 ) in an outer wall ( 146 ). Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 14 to 28, characterized in that the at least one injection head ( 104 ) a plurality of uniformly spaced injectors ( 106 ). Combustion chamber device according to one of claims 14 to 29, characterized by a control device for controlling the combustion chamber device ( 100 ). Combustion chamber device according to claim 30, characterized in that at least two injectors ( 106 ) each have a laser device ( 152 . 172 ), wherein the at least two laser devices ( 152 . 172 ) are controllable by means of the control device. An engine comprising at least one combustion chamber device ( 100 ) according to one of claims 14 to 31. Use of a combustion chamber device ( 100 ) according to one of claims 14 to 31 for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 13.

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