DE102008003630A1 - Hybrid air conditioning system for operating in heating or air conditioning mode, has combustion chamber and absorption heat pump that are arranged at inner space of housing - Google Patents

Abstract

The hybrid air conditioning system has a combustion chamber (1) and an absorption heat pump (3) that are arranged at an inner space of a housing (10). The inner space is subjected to a negative pressure according to an environment (20). The absorption heat pump has a drift bolt, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber.

Description

The The present invention relates to a hybrid air conditioning system according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Under A hybrid air conditioning system will hereafter be an air conditioning system understood, which has a heat pump and both for operation in a heating mode as well as in an air conditioning mode, so for heating and / or cooling a building, can be used. In particular, the hybrid air conditioning system according to the preamble of claim 1, an absorption heat pump on, by means of which a building supplied heat or can be removed from this.

A generic system is from the DE 28 07 990 known. In this document, a sorption heat pump is disclosed in which a digester, a condenser, an absorber, a memory and an evaporator are arranged in a gas-tight housing shell. The gas-tight design of the housing shell serves to catch any escaping gaseous refrigerant to prevent hazards and impairment of a user of the system, collect and dissipate.

adversely on the disclosed system is that a burner, which for heating the cooker is used, outside the gas-tight running Housing is arranged, and thus exhaust gases of the burner may endanger a user of the system can.

It Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid air conditioning system to create in which this disadvantage is overcome. In particular, a hybrid air conditioning system is to be created, in which all escaping gases, ie both refrigerant gases, as well as burner exhaust gases safely and reliably from one Installation space for the system can be derived.

These The object is achieved by a hybrid air conditioning system according to Claim 1 solved.

Of the Advantage of a hybrid air conditioning system according to the invention Above all, it is due to the arrangement of both the absorption heat pump as well as the combustion chamber in the interior of a housing, which be acted upon with a negative pressure relative to the environment is, an uncontrolled or unwanted escape both refrigerant vapors and combustion gases reliably prevented.

Further preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

at a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Hybrid air conditioning system on a suction fan, which on the input side, so for example with an air intake, preferably with the interior of the housing over an exhaust pipe is connected and thus housing air can suck. On the output side, so for example with a drain neck is the suction fan connectable to a chimney that sucked in from the interior of the housing via air the fireplace, which for example can be a building chimney, is discharged to the outside. By sucking the air (possibly mixed with gases that the combustion chamber or the heat pump escaped from leaks) from the interior of the case and blowing off the air outward becomes relative within the housing creates a negative pressure to the environment of the housing, which for it Ensures that from the absorption heat pump or the combustion chamber leaking gases reliably through the chimney can be discharged externally and not through other openings leave the case. The suction fan is preferably disposed within the housing. Especially preferred is an embodiment in which the combustion chamber via an exhaust pipe also with the inlet of the suction fan is connected, and thus the entire exhaust gases of the combustion chamber over the Suction fans are sucked off. The exhaust pipe as well as all hereinafter referred to as line elements can as For example, piping made of metal or other suitable Be made of materials.

Within of the housing may be provided an intake grate, which covers the exhaust pipe on the input side. Through the intake grille, which should prevent that larger parts are sucked and clogging pipes, the suction fan sucks the air or possibly escaping gases of the absorption heat pump or exhaust gases of the combustion chamber, which this from other openings or leaks as the exhaust pipe escape, on, and gives over the fireplace to the outside.

at a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention The suction fan thus performs several functions. To the one he sucks air from the housing interior and thus also any gases coming from the absorption heat pump or could escape undesirably from the burner. On the other hand, he sucks the exhaust gases via the exhaust pipe From combustion chamber, which also in normal operation (ie without leaks of Combustion chamber) must be dissipated. At long last The suction fan also ensures the desired Negative pressure in the interior of the housing.

The Exhaust pipe of the combustion chamber and the exhaust pipe for pumping the housing interior open advantageously into a common suction line, which connects to the inlet of the suction fan communicates. This sucks thus a mixture of exhaust air and Exhaust and blow this mixture over the fireplace outward. To the ratio of exhaust gas and exhaust air, which fed to the suction fan or from this sucked in, to make adjustable, can be a shutter arrangement with variable orifice cross section in the exhaust duct be provided. Thus, by adjusting the addition of Exhaust air from the housing to the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber a desired ratio of gas flows set.

at a further preferred embodiment of the invention a burner fan is provided, by means of which the combustion chamber via a combustion air duct combustion air from the environment of the housing can be supplied in sufficient quantity. It will the interior of the combustion chamber is pressurized, the higher than the pressure inside the housing and possibly even higher than the ambient pressure outside of the housing. The thus the overpressure generating increased combustion air supply leads on the one hand to a better exhaust discharge in the direction of the suction fan and on the other hand to a better combustion in the combustion chamber, whereby the emergence of undesirable exhaust gases such as of nitrogen oxides, can be suppressed. The combustion chamber is preferably opposite the surrounding housing interior essentially gas-tight.

at a further preferred embodiment of the invention a heat exchanger is provided inside the housing, wherein the exhaust pipe to be configured out of the combustion chamber That can be alternative and switchable through the heat exchanger leads, or bypasses. The heat exchanger is stationary with a heating return of the hybrid air conditioning system in conjunction and in the heating mode of the hybrid air conditioning system, in which the exhaust pipe is connected so that the exhaust gases through passing through the heat exchanger provides the heat exchanger for heat dissipation out of the exhaust gases into the heating return, causing a heating fluid in the heating return already preheated can be before using the absorption heat pump brought back to the higher temperature of the heating flow becomes. This improves the overall system efficiency in heating mode become. In contrast, in the air conditioning mode, in which a building to be cooled, the exhaust pipe is connected, that it bypasses the heat exchanger so as to be as possible large proportion of the heat of the combustion chamber over lead the fireplace out of the building can.

at an embodiment with a heat exchanger is the suction fan preferably adjustable or dimensioned, that it reduces the pressure drop, which the exhaust gases of the combustion chamber in the heat exchanger experienced, compensated. This prevents in particular that through the heat exchanger exhaust backflow in the direction Combustion chamber is created.

In order to the suction fan work in continuous operation and Keep the housing at a desired negative pressure can, the housing has openings through which Ambient air can flow into the housing. The total cross-section of the opening is designed so that during operation of the suction fan of the desired Negative pressure in the interior of the housing opposite adjusts the ambient air, or via a corresponding selected suction power of the suction fan adjustable is.

at a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the hybrid air conditioning system is designed to be connected to a coaxial fireplace is connected or has such a fireplace. Under a coaxial fireplace is included to understand a fireplace, which has an interior and an interior surrounding outer space, which against each other and sealed against the environment (except for the inlets or outlets of the fireplace). Thus, a corresponding Fireplace two lines, preferably the interior of the actual Fire function perceives and through him gases from the plant or the Buildings are directed to the outside, and the outside space the supply of outside air into the building or guaranteed in the hybrid air conditioning system. Of course it is also possible that the outer one Room of the gas discharge and the interior of the fresh air supply is used. In the first alternative, therefore, with the outlet of the suction fan the interior of the fireplace in such a way that gases from the interior of the housing over the interior of the fireplace after can be led outside. Corresponding For example, the exterior of the fireplace is over an intake manifold with the interior of the housing in direct Connection (not via the suction fan), so Ambient air can flow into the housing. Thus, the hybrid air conditioning system is prevented from being larger Quantities of building air must suck in to a desired To maintain internal pressure in the housing.

Further preferred embodiments of the invention result from the fact that the combustion chamber has a housing made of stainless steel, and thus is particularly resistant to corrosion. As seals for the housing are preferably silico ned fiberglass seals used. Furthermore, preferably, individual or all elements of the system which have a hot surface, or are warmer than the ambient temperature (for example, lines, heat exchangers, combustion chamber), are provided with thermal insulation.

It can in further advantageous embodiments of the invention a control or regulating electronics be provided by means of which single or multiple elements of the hybrid air conditioning system can be controlled or regulated, such as the absorption heat pump, the burner, the suction fan, the burner fan, as well as the above-mentioned circuit the exhaust pipe (through the heat exchanger or this immediately). To prevent overheating of such a control bzw./oder control electronics to avoid, is preferably a cooling air supply provided which air from a relatively cooler Area inside the housing in which the electronics may be arranged, which supplies electronics.

The Hybrid air conditioning system with control electronics may also have an Internet connection, by means of which Parameters such as operating temperatures, alarm messages or other Information about the internet can be obtained. On the other hand, could have such an Internet connection also send commands to the control or such as B. the start of the heating or air conditioning mode.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the heat pump can not only heat from the burner, but also (or at a shutdown of the burner exclusively) Geothermal or waste heat, for example, a machine be supplied for use.

in the The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the FIGURE, showing:

1 a schematic representation of a hybrid air conditioning system according to the invention.

In the 1 is a hybrid air conditioning system according to the invention of a building 21 shown schematically. In a common housing 10 is an absorption heat pump 3 together with a combustion chamber 1 a burner, a heat exchanger 7 and a suction fan 12 accommodated. The absorption heat pump 3 has an absorption cycle 2 . 19 on. In a region of the schematically represented line 19 , which is connected to the combustion chamber 1 is thermally coupled, an unillustrated expeller is provided to drive, as known in absorption heat pumps, a refrigerant in the expeller from an incoming refrigerant solution. Refrigerant and depleted solution are each recycled separately into the absorption cycle. The absorption heat pump 3 Alternatively or additionally, geothermal heat, for example by means of a geothermal probe, or waste heat, for example from a production machine, can be supplied. Thus, as required, the burner power can be reduced and the proportion of other energy sources can be increased. The combustion chamber is via a fuel gas line 5 a fuel gas (eg, natural gas) from a fuel gas supply device outside the housing 10 or the building 21 fed. The air further required for combustion of the fuel gas is from an area outside the housing 10 (alternatively from an area outside the building 21 ) via a separate combustion air line 4 the combustion chamber 1 fed. The combustion air is passed through a burner fan 18 compressed to supply a sufficient amount of air, resulting in an overpressure within the combustion chamber 1 opposite the pressure in the housing 10 or the environment of the housing adjusts.

The resulting exhaust gases are from the combustion chamber 1 via an exhaust pipe 6 discharged and into a heat exchanger 7 initiated. The heat exchanger 7 serves a heating medium, which from a consumer via a heating return 8th to the heat pump 3 is returned, preheat. The heat exchanger thus improves the efficiency of the system. Typically, the exhaust gases before the heat exchanger at a temperature of 130 to 160 ° C, more preferably a temperature of about 145 ° C. After the heat exchanger, the exhaust gases are cooled to 25 to 50 ° C, more preferably a temperature of about 35 ° C. It can also be a branch of the exhaust pipe 6 be provided (not shown), which is not through the heat exchanger 7 leads, and a corresponding electric Umschaltklappe, so that the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber optionally through the heat exchanger 7 or can be led past him. Thus, in addition to the heating mode shown schematically, the system can also be operated in an air-conditioning mode in which the exhaust heat does not pass through the heat exchanger 7 sent, but directly through a fireplace explained below 16 can be dissipated.

After passing through the heat exchanger 7 (or after bypassing this heat exchanger), the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber through a further exhaust pipe 15 a suction line 17 fed, which input side to a suction fan 12 connected. The suction fan 12 sucks the exhaust gas through the tubular exhaust pipe 6 . 15 as well as via the suction line 17 from the combustion chamber 1 and give it to a fireplace 16 further, through which the exhaust gases the housing 10 and the building 21 in which the system is installed, being able to leave. Into the suction line 15 continues to lead an exhaust pipe 9 through which the suction fan 12 in addition to the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 1 also inside air from the housing 10 sucks. Due to the additional extraction of internal air from the housing 10 ensures that it is kept at a negative pressure relative to the environment outside the housing. This ensures that gases, such as coolant gases, that of the absorption pump 3 could escape and also exhaust gases or combustion gases from the combustion chamber 1 Do not pass these through the exhaust pipe 6 leave, but by any leaks, on the suction fan 12 in the fireplace 16 can be discharged and thus without danger to the user of the plant the building 21 leave. An intake area of the exhaust air line 9 is with a suction grille 13 provided by which prevents the suction fan 12 via the exhaust air line 9 Dirt or small parts can suck, which could clog the exhaust duct or the suction fan. In the exhaust duct is still a diaphragm device with a diaphragm 14 provided over the variable aperture cross section, the ratio of sucked exhaust air (through the exhaust duct 9 ) and extracted burner exhaust gases (via the exhaust pipe 15 ) can be adjusted. For this purpose, variable apertures or exchangeable apertures with different apertures can be provided. Thus it is achieved that by a single suction fan 12 both the interior of the case 10 as well as the interior of the combustion chamber 1 can be sucked off.

By an appropriate choice of the performance of the suction fan 12 and a corresponding choice of the flow cross sections of the exhaust pipe 6 . 15 and the exhaust duct 9 and the aperture of the aperture 14 can be a desired negative pressure within the housing 10 maintained against the environment. On the other hand, by the corresponding performance of the burner fan 18 an overpressure inside the combustion chamber 1 opposite the pressure inside the housing 10 or against the pressure of the environment outside the housing or the building 21 achievable. This can cause combustion within the combustion chamber 1 be optimized so that it is on the one hand as efficient as possible and on the other hand, the emission of harmful exhaust gases such as nitrogen oxides is as low as possible. To achieve continuous operation, the volume of gas flowing from the suction fan must be removed from the housing 10 is sucked off, be compensated accordingly. For this purpose, for example, be provided that the housing 10 is not hermetically gas-tight, but has corresponding openings (shown schematically by the dashed representation of the housing), so that fresh air from the outside into the housing 10 can be sucked. Another or alternative way to ventilate the housing 10 results from the use of a coaxial fireplace 16 , which on the one hand has an example lying inside chimney pipe through which sucked air or exhaust gases can be led to the outside, and on the other hand surrounding this chimney pipe outer tube, so between chimney pipe and outer tube fresh air from the area outside the building in the housing 10 can get. About the dimensioning of the openings of the housing 10 to the outside or when using a coaxial chimney 16 by its dimensioning or the use of apertures to adapt the cross section, on the fresh air into the housing 10 introduced and / or gases are discharged from the housing, the opening cross-sections for the supply of ambient air or outside air can be adjusted so that they in relation to the sucked amount of indoor air (through the suction fan 12 ) are so small that the desired negative pressure in the interior of the housing 10 established. Due to the suction effect of the suction fan 12 Furthermore, it is not only guaranteed that the inside air from the housing 10 is sucked, and exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 1 but it can also compensate for the pressure drop, which the exhaust gases through the passage through the heat exchanger 7 Experienced. This prevents backflow of exhaust gases into the combustion chamber.

1

combustion chamber

2

Absorption circuit

3

absorption heat pump

4

combustion air

5

fuel gas

6

exhaust pipe

7

heat exchangers

8th

Heating return

9

exhaust duct

10

casing

11

Hybrid Cooling System

12

aspirator

13

intake grille

14

cover

15

exhaust pipe

16

fireplace

17

suction

18

burner fan

19

absorption line

20

Surroundings

21

building

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 2807990 [0003]

Claims (20)

Hybrid air conditioning system for operation in a heating and / or an air conditioning mode, which includes a combustion chamber ( 1 ) and an absorption heat pump ( 3 ), characterized in that the absorption heat pump and the combustion chamber in the interior of a housing ( 10 ), wherein the interior is opposite the environment ( 20 ) can be acted upon by a negative pressure. Hybrid air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorption heat pump ( 3 ) has an expeller, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, wherein the expeller thermally to the combustion chamber ( 1 ) is coupled and heated by this. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a suction fan ( 12 ) is provided, which on the input side with the interior of the housing ( 10 ) and on the output side to a fireplace ( 16 ) is connectable so that the suction fan can suck in gases from the interior of the housing and dissipate through the fireplace to the outside, that the interior of the housing relative to the environment ( 20 ) is subjected to a negative pressure. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction fan ( 12 ) within the housing ( 10 ) is arranged. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber ( 1 ) via an exhaust pipe ( 6 . 15 ) with an inlet connection of the suction fan ( 12 ). Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the interior of the housing ( 10 ) an intake grille ( 13 ) is provided, via which by means of an exhaust duct ( 9 ) Sucked air and to the inlet connection of the suction fan ( 12 ). Hybrid air conditioning system according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in that the exhaust pipe ( 15 ) and the exhaust duct ( 9 ) in a common suction line ( 17 ), which communicate with the inlet connection of the suction fan ( 12 ). Hybrid air conditioning system according to claim 7, characterized in that a diaphragm arrangement ( 14 ) with variable orifice cross-section in the exhaust duct ( 9 ) is provided, by means of which the ratio of the flow rates of exhaust pipe ( 15 ) and exhaust duct ( 9 ) is adjustable. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a burner fan ( 18 ) is provided, by means of which the combustion chamber ( 1 ) via a combustion air line ( 4 ) Combustion air from an area outside the housing ( 10 ) can be supplied so that the interior of the combustion chamber is subjected to a pressure which is higher than the ambient pressure outside the housing. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inside the housing ( 10 ) a heat exchanger ( 7 ) is provided, and the exhaust pipe ( 6 . 15 ) has two alternative ways, between these can be switched so that the heat exchanger in the heating mode of the exhaust gases of the combustion chamber ( 1 ) and it can dissipate heat from the exhaust gases to a heating return of the hybrid air conditioning system, and in the air conditioning mode, the exhaust pipe bypasses the heat exchanger. Hybrid air-conditioning system according to claim 10, appended to claim 7, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 7 ) in a section of the exhaust pipe ( 6 . 15 ) is provided, which between the combustion chamber ( 1 ) and the suction line ( 17 ) is located. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction fan ( 12 ) is adjustable so that it reduces the pressure drop which the combustion chamber exhaust gases ( 1 ) in the heat exchanger ( 7 ), so can compensate that prevail within the combustion chamber, the same pressure conditions as without the downstream of the heat exchanger. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing ( 10 ) Has openings through which ambient air can flow into the housing, wherein the total cross section of the openings is designed so that during operation of the heating system, a negative pressure in the interior of the housing relative to the environment ( 20 ) is adjustable. Hybrid air-conditioning system according to claim 13, characterized in that the hybrid air-conditioning system is designed so that it is attachable to a coaxial fireplace with an interior space and an outer space surrounding the interior so that the suction fan ( 12 ) Gases from the interior of the housing ( 10 ) can lead to the outside over the interior of the fireplace, and the outside of the chimney communicates with the openings of the housing through which ambient air can flow into the housing. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber ( 1 ) has a housing made of stainless steel. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the elements exhaust air duct ( 9 ), Exhaust pipe ( 15 ), Suction line ( 17 ), Heat exchangers ( 7 ), have a thermal insulation. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control or regulating electronics is provided, by means of which the absorption heat pump ( 3 ), the burner ( 1 ) and the suction fan ( 12 ) can be controlled or regulated. Hybrid air conditioning system according to claim 17, characterized in that the control electronics within the housing ( 10 ) is arranged, and a cooling air supply is provided, which supplies air from a relatively cool area within the housing of the control or regulating electronics. Hybrid air conditioning system according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the control or regulating electronics has an internet connection, which can be connected to the Internet is and by means of its operating temperatures and / or alarms over The Internet can be retrieved, or commands to the tax or Control electronics can be sent. Hybrid air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system is designed so that the absorption heat pump in addition or alternatively to the heat from the combustion chamber ( 1 ) also geothermal heat or the waste heat of a machine can be supplied for use.