DE102007000241B4 - Improved construction for securing system made of columnar parent jaws on vertical reinforced concrete ship lifts - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides, the enormous forces acting in an accident on the individual mother baking elements (1), not by very long and costly anchorages horizontally in the solid reinforced concrete (3) to initiate, but through the entire, superimposed mother baking elements ( 1) to receive a composite package of mother baking elements (1) and diverted from there either directly into the foundation, or distributed over the entire adjacent to the mother baking column large area, in the laterally adjacent reinforced concrete (3). For this purpose, the mother baking elements (1) by means of continuous or surrounding tendons (2) tensile and pressure-tight connected to each other. The mother baking column is statically self-supporting. The mother baking elements (1) have thereby almost no or a much smaller and thus more cost-effective lateral attachment to the reinforced concrete (3).

Description

Technical area

The The invention relates to a security system for breakdown cases in vertical ship lifts, the mostly made of reinforced concrete. Specifically, it relates to a system based on Mother baking is based in which the lifting operation without contact with Game a screw-like thread (rotary latch) is performed.

State of the art

each river system has a specific catchment area, which means that all the effluent water over tributaries eventually gets into the main river. The boundary between two catchment areas represents the watershed To turn from a flow system To get into the other with ships must overcome this watershed become.

• 1.) Vertikal-Schiffshebewerke befördern die Schiffe senkrecht nach oben oder unten. Bei einer Variante hängt der Trog dabei an Seilen und wird von Gegengewichten ausbalanciert, also nicht anders als ein gewöhnlicher Aufzug. Bei der anderen Variante ruht der Trog auf Schwimmern, die in tief in den Boden eingelassenen Wassertanks (sogenannten Tauchschächten oder Brunnen) schwimmen. Eine dritte Variante ist das hydraulische Hebewerk (z. B. in Belgien oder in England), bei dem immer zwei Tröge durch Hydraulikleitungen miteinander verbunden sind.
• 2.) Schräg-Schiffshebewerke transportieren die Schiffe über eine schiefe Ebene, wobei der Trog auf Schienen läuft und durch Gegengewichte ausgeglichen wird. Der Trog kann dabei längs oder quer befördert werden. Es gibt neben dem Transport der Schiffe in einem wassergefüllten Trog auch die Möglichkeit der Trockenförderung, bei der das Schiff mittels Transportwagen aus dem Wasser gezogen wird (geneigte Ebenen), auch Schiffseisenbahn genannt (z. B. Kanal Elbing-Osterode oder Oberländischer Kanal (polnisch: Kanal Elblaski), Ostpreußen, ebenso die "Big Chute Marine Railway" im Trent-and-Severn-Waterway in Kanada).

Ship lifts serve this purpose. There are three basic types of ship lifts (source Wikipedia):

• 1.) Vertical ship lifts transport ships vertically up or down. In one variant, the trough hangs on ropes and is balanced by counterweights, not unlike an ordinary elevator. In the other variant, the trough rests on floats that float in deeply embedded in the ground water tanks (so-called diving shafts or wells). A third variant is the hydraulic hoist (eg in Belgium or England) where two troughs are always connected by hydraulic lines.
• 2.) Oblique ship lifts transport the ships over an inclined plane, whereby the trough runs on rails and is compensated by counterweights. The trough can be transported longitudinally or transversely. In addition to the transport of ships in a water-filled trough, there is also the possibility of dry transport, in which the ship is pulled out of the water by means of transport vehicles (inclined planes), also called a ship's railway (eg Elblag-Osterode or Oberlandischer Kanal (Polish) : Canal Elblaski), East Prussia, as well as the "Big Chute Marine Railway" in the Trent and Severn Waterway in Canada).

• 3.) Rotations-Schiffshebewerke transportieren die Schiffe mittels zweier Gondeln, die um die Mittelachse rotieren.

A special variant of the inclined lifts with wet conveying is the Wasserkeilhebewerk, in which the ship is not transported in a trough, but floating in the water an inclined plane is pushed up together with this "water wedge." There are two such lifts in the south of France in the Canal du Midi (Lock staircase of Fonserannes) or in the Canal latéral à la Garonne (Garonne side channel) at Montech.

• 3.) Rotary ship lifts transport the ships by means of two gondolas which rotate about the central axis.

The The weight of the trough is during wet conveying with or without a ship always the same size, because a ship displaces exactly its own weight at water (Archimedisches Principle). Therefore, the counterweight or the buoyancy force the floats are adjusted precisely so that the drive power in relation to to the moving weight is very low. So z. B. the ship lift Scharnebeck near Lüneburg only four 160 kW electric motors, So together around 870 hp to the trough with about 5,800 tons to lift.

Some Ship lifts come without any external drive, by the Trough at the upper lock gate moves slightly lower than at the bottom lock gate. The trough is therefore filled a bit more up and is therefore heavier as the counterweight, after leveling at the bottom lock gate In turn, he is lighter than the counterweight.

The The invention relates to vertical ship lifts.

at this drives a ship from the upper or underwater into a trough. Of the Trough is closed and then perpendicular to the opposite Move end position.

At constant water level in the trough, the ship's weight has no influence on the fraudulent nature due to the Archimedean principle. But to keep the applied energy for the lifting or lowering low, counterweights are mounted, which correspond practically to the full trough weight. (Schematic sketch s. 1 )

It There are vertical ship lifts, which are mostly made of steel, and those, for the most part from low-maintenance Reinforced concrete exist. In the latter to which the invention relates, be the total loads from trough and counterweights on pulley support in one Solid construction derived from reinforced concrete.

For one Incident case, so error the balance of trough and counterweights by z. B. larger water filling or Water loss in the trough, trough security systems are provided.

Such trough securing systems are z. B. in the magazine "water management" 1-2 / 2005, pp 83-89., There is a backup system based on mother baking columns described which composed of several sections, each of which is attached to a mother jaw carrier, which is continuously supported on solid construction.

An embodiment of this system consists z. B. from a combination of rotary latch and mother baking column (see 2 ), consisting of cast steel parent cheeks consist of individual elements (usually 4-5 m in length), which are arranged one above the other and each one is so strongly anchored in the adjacent reinforced concrete that it will absorb all the force occurring in the event of an accident and the concrete can pass on.

Of the Rotary bolt (or spindle) provides, so to speak, the screw and the nut jaws are the thread, but in normal operation contactless run into each other (snail with game). This is done via a Control, in sync with the lifting the rotary latch always like that far that turns that Game to the thread of the nut cheek is preserved. A meaningful vertical game are z. B. 30 millimeters.

in the Incident case, a mechanical device ensures that the game between rotary latch and nut jaws is lifted and the rotary latch deposited on the mother's cheek or (in case of becoming lighter of the trough) is pushed up against the nut jaw thread.

The then forces to be absorbed can per parent jaw up to 10,000 KN and also more.

An overload the trough causes a downward force on the nut shoe.

A Emptying the trough causes an upward force because the counterweights want to pull up the trough.

To State of the art, these enormous forces in vertical ship lifts made of reinforced concrete over the mother cheek in the underlying reinforced concrete structure initiated.

• – der Drehriegel sich in jedem einzelnen Mutterbackensegment absetzen kann und die gesamte Last dann von diesem einzelnen Segment in die Stahlbetonkonstruktion eingeleitet werden muß
• – die Überleitung der Schubkräfte von Mutterbacke zu Stahlbeton nur durch Verzahnung oder Schubnocken erfolgen kann
• – das „Krempelmoment" (Absetzlast auf Mutterbackengewinde x Hebelarm bis Stahlbeton) durch z. B. Verspannen der Mutterbacke mit dem Stahlbeton aufzunehmen ist
• – die in den Stahlbeton eingeleiteten Lasten dort mittels schlaffer und vorgespannter Bewehrung in die Sohle zurückgehängt werden müssen
• – aufgrund der extremen Genauigkeitsanforderungen der Einbau der Mutterbacken in den Erstbeton nicht möglich ist und einen Zweitbeton bedingen, der am Erstbeton ausgerichtet wird
• – die engen Platzverhältnisse die Arbeiten ungemein erschweren.

This is very expensive since

• - The rotary latch can settle in each mother jaw segment and the entire load must then be initiated by this single segment in the reinforced concrete structure
• - The transfer of shear forces from mother shoe to reinforced concrete can only be done by toothing or push cam
• - the "carding moment" (Absetzlast on parent jaw thread x lever arm to reinforced concrete) by, for example, bracing the parent jaw with the reinforced concrete is to be included
• - The loads introduced into the reinforced concrete there must be hung back into the sole by means of limp and prestressed reinforcement
• - Due to the extreme accuracy requirements of the installation of the mother baking in the primary concrete is not possible and cause a secondary concrete, which is aligned on the primary concrete
• - The tight space makes the work immensely difficult.

in addition comes that the ultimately the load-bearing reinforced concrete components over years subject to a shrinkage and creep process and the compliance with the extreme demands on dimensional tolerances almost impossible do. A readjustment of the parent jaws is because of the teeth with the reinforced concrete only with great effort possible (prying out of complete secondary concrete necessary).

something similar applies to the replacement of a single mother baking element.

Object of the invention

task The invention is therefore to provide a trough securing system which arranged on top of each other Mutterbackenelementen and therein rotating latch is based, which avoids the disadvantages described.

Presentation of the invention

The The object is specified by that in the characterizing part of claim 1 Characteristics solved.

For this purpose, the invention provides, the enormous forces not by very long and costly anchoring of each nut member horizontal element in the massive reinforced concrete ( 3 ), but the superimposed mother baking elements ( 1 ) to connect to a statically effective total unit that absorbs the forces occurring in the event of an accident as a whole package and then forwards only. When forwarded horizontally into the concrete then much less complex anchors are necessary because the forces are distributed over a larger area and more anchor. However, it is even preferable for the vertical forces occurring in the event of an accident to consist of the superimposed mother baking elements ( 1 ) derive composite mother baking column directly into the foundation.

For this purpose, the mother baking column is carried static self-supporting: The mother baking elements are tension and pressure resistant together to form a total package. The mother baking elements ( 1 ) have in this case at most a conventional attachment to reinforced concrete ( 3 ), but no Ver tikalkräfte receives.

A first embodiment of the invention provides for this purpose by means of a bias of the individual, superimposed on contact, mother baking elements ( 1 ) by means of tendons ( 2 ) for external bias. The prestressed nut baking elements ( 1 ), in this variant no vertical forces absorbing composite to reinforced concrete ( 3 ), are designed for the maximum occurring accident load.

The reinforced concrete ( 3 ) is only used for fixing and adjusting the individual mother baking elements ( 1 ) as well as for the absorption of stabilization forces as a result of imperfection of the components and even lower shares of "carding moments".

In the following, a particularly preferred embodiment of this variant, which is shown in the figures, is described:
To a central bias of the mother baking elements ( 1 ), they are open to the rear (to reinforced concrete ( 3 ) so far that the center of gravity of the excavations ( 4 ) extending bias with the mother baking elements ( 1 ) ideally coincides. This causes a change in the mother shoe element geometry and thus has an influence on the clear distance of the adjacent to them reinforced concrete structure ( 3 ).

Below the mother baking elements ( 1 ) assumes a steel construction ( 6 . 5 . 13 ) the forwarding of the load to the foundation.

The head plate ( 6 ) of the steel structure is used during assembly as a support for the lowermost mother baking element ( 1 ) and as an abutment for the fixed anchor ( 7 ) of the bias voltage. The tension anchors ( 8th ) are at the upper end of the top nut baking element ( 1 ) over a top plate serving as an anchor plate ( 10 ) arranged.

The forwarding of the load from the steel structure ( 6 . 5 . 13 ) in the foundation can z. B. by means of GEWI ^® steels ( 11 ), to which the steel construction with leveling mortar bed ( 12 ) and foot plate ( 13 ) is screwed.

In the reinforced concrete structure adjacent to the parent jaws ( 3 ) are used for later attachment of the mother baking elements ( 1 ) flush with the outer edge-concrete steel anchoring plates ( 14 ) as built-in parts respectively in the joint area of the mother baking elements ( 1 ) with concrete.

To these built-in parts ( 14 ) after aligning steel structures ( 15 welded, which are designed so that the mother baking elements ( 1 ) in the impact area laterally pincers ( 16 ) and horizontally in the x and y direction by means of wedges ( 17 ), o. Ä. Can be adjusted and fixed so that the required tolerances for the installation of the mother jaw elements ( 1 ) can be safely met.

The fixing and adjusting means ( 15 . 16 . 17 ) are designed so that they absorb the only small loads from stabilization and "carding moment" and over the weld ( 18 ) to the installation part ( 14 ) in the reinforced concrete ( 3 ) can derive.

Of the Lever arm for the "Krempelmoment" reduced to the measure of the bearing of the turning-tooth on the nut-jaw to the center of gravity the bias. additionally the mother's jaw is pushed forward, so that the resultant of the forces remains within the cross section of the nut shoe.

After fixation, the gap between the trailing edge of the parent jaw element ( 1 ) and the steel structure ( 15 ) closed in the area of the nut jaw joints, z. B. with grout ( 19 ) or steel wedges.

In the prestressing of the mother baking elements ( 1 ) these are compressed by only a few millimeters. This can be determined very accurately in advance due to the known material properties of cast steel, so that this by thin sheets ( 20 ) can be partially compensated in the nut jaw element bumps.

The compression changes the pitch of the thread of the mother baking elements ( 1 ), so that the game of ungestauchten rotary stick thread ( 9 ) to the compressed nut jaw from one end of the nut jaw element ( 1 ) changed to another. This change is on the length of a parent jaw element ( 1 ) or the length of the rotary knob thread ( 9 ) practically negligible and should therefore actually not be compensated.

The sheets ( 20 ) but allow the height of the mother baking elements ( 1 ) readjust later.

For this purpose, only the preload and the adjusting and fixing ( 16 . 17 ) are solved. This allows the parent jaws to stretch back in the vertical direction, without forces on the weak anchorages in the concrete ( 3 ) be transmitted.

The same applies to the replacement of a single master jaw element ( 1 ), then because of the cavities open to the rear ( 4 ) can be easily pulled out and replaced with a new one.

The lining sheets ( 20 ) between the nut jaw element shocks are thereby pulled out first, which facilitates the disassembly considerably. When upsetting by a few millimeters when preloading the mother baking elements ( 1 ) slide these within the pliers-like enclosure ( 16 ) of the steel structure on the nut shoe element bumps.

Of the Influence of the external load on the deformation behavior of the preloaded system is inherent negligible low. deformation increases creep and shrinkage are eliminated, only a minimal proportion remains from relaxation of the steel, which is insignificant.

While maintaining the aforementioned principle, in a slight modification, the tendons ( 2 ) Also (instead of inside) are arranged laterally outside the parent jaws in their center of gravity. Then, in each case at the upper and lower end of the nut-jaw element package to put cross-over these, the bias in the mother jaw elements ( 1 ) conduct.

A second embodiment is, as described above, the entire mother jaw elements together by external bias tension, but derive the vertical forces in the underlying concrete, if a direct dissipation by a steel structure below the bottom nut member in the foundation for some reasons should not be possible , Then, in principle, with a second concrete, as in 2 shown to be worked.

The advantage over the prior art in this variant, however, is that the forces acting in the event of an accident on all mother baking elements ( 1 ) and thus more evenly in the concrete ( 3 ) and not, as in the prior art, each individual mother baking element ( 1 ) must be able to transfer the total load alone. This reduces the effort for power transmission in the concrete ( 3 ) by a factor equal to the number of mother baking elements ( 1 ) corresponds. This applies in principle also for the derivation of the "carding moment".

The Figures are to be understood schematically.

1 shows a schematic diagram of a vertical ship lift of the prior art, for which the invention is suitable.

2 shows the usual attachment of the individual mother baking elements ( 1 ) on the concrete ( 3 ) according to the prior art.

3 shows in contrast in cross-section through the mother baking column (in the region of the joints) an embodiment of the invention with prestressed mother baking elements ( 1 ).

4a shows a longitudinal section through the mother baking column including load transfer construction. The rotary bolt ( 9 ) is omitted for clarity.

4b shows a view from above on the upper head plate ( 10 ).

4c shows a view from below of the lower head plate ( 6 ).

4d shows a cross section through the steel structure for force transmission ( 5 )

4e shows a cross section through the foot plate ( 13 ), which derives the burdens in the event of an accident into the foundation.

1

Mother jaw element

2

tendon

3

reinforced concrete

4

recess

5

steel construction for force transmission

6

headstock for festival anchors

7

fixed anchorages

8th

turnbuckles

9

Spagnolet

10

headstock (Anchor plate) for turnbuckles

11

Gewi ^® steel

12

Leveling mortar bed

13

footplate

14

Steel anchor plate

15

Steel holding part for guide rail / part 16

16

Guide rail / part

17

wedge

18

Weld

19

grout

20

balance sheet

21

Lantern Head

22

anchoring (unbonded against concrete)

23

With Secondary concrete toothed nut baking element

24

trough

25

rope

26

Cable compensation chain

27

counterweight

28

pulley

29

primary concrete

30

second concrete

Claims (4)

Security system for breakdowns in vertical ship lifts, mainly made of reinforced concrete ( 3 ) arranged on a column on top of each other, mutually opposed mother baking elements ( 1 ), between which a screw-like thread (rotary latch, 9 ) is guided, which only in case of accident in contact with the thread of the mother baking elements ( 1 ), characterized in that the individual superimposed mother baking elements ( 1 ) by tendons ( 2 ) under tension and pressure-resistant but releasably connected to a self-supporting mother baking column, which receives the pressure or tensile forces occurring in the event of an accident as a unit and dissipates uniformly. Securing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the lowermost mother baking element ( 1 ) of the mother baking column with its lower end frictionally ( 5 ) is connected to a foundation, which completely absorbs all the forces that suddenly occur in the event of an accident on the mother baking column as downward or upward vertical forces, and dissipates into the foundation, without horizontally into the surrounding concrete structure ( 3 ) transferred to. Safety system according to claim 2, characterized in that the tensioning members ( 2 ) held together mother baking elements ( 1 ) of the mother baking column through recesses ( 4 ) within the mother baking elements ( 1 ) or the mother baking elements ( 1 ) externally. Securing system according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for each mother baking column at least one clamping anchor ( 8th ) above a top plate ( 10 ) of the top nut baking element ( 1 ) of the column, and at least one fixed anchor ( 7 ) below the lowermost mother baking element ( 1 ), the forces occurring in the top plate ( 6 ) of the lower steel structure ( 5 . 6 . 13 ) and that the top plate ( 6 ) by means of the connecting parts ( 5 ) frictionally with a foot plate ( 13 ), which removes the vertical pressure or tensile forces occurring in the event of an accident into the underlying foundation.