CN2718794Y - Fuel cell capable of raising utilization ratio of hydrogen - Google Patents
Fuel cell capable of raising utilization ratio of hydrogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN2718794Y CN2718794Y CNU2004200817175U CN200420081717U CN2718794Y CN 2718794 Y CN2718794 Y CN 2718794Y CN U2004200817175 U CNU2004200817175 U CN U2004200817175U CN 200420081717 U CN200420081717 U CN 200420081717U CN 2718794 Y CN2718794 Y CN 2718794Y
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a fuel cell capable of raising utilization ratio of hydrogen, comprising a fuel battery pile, a hydrogen storing device, a pressure reducing valve, an air filtrating device, an air compressing and supplying device, a hydrogen gas water steam separator, an air water steam separator, a water chamber, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen gas dampening device, an air dampening device, a hydrogen pressure maintaining valve and a constantly closed solenoid valve. The constantly closed solenoid valve is arranged at the outlet end of the hydrogen gas water steam separator, or is directly connected with a hydrogen gas outlet pipeline of the fuel battery pile. The hydrogen gas inlet of a hydrogen stream guiding plate of the fuel battery pile is arranged on the top part of the hydrogen gas outlet pipeline. The hydrogen gas outlet is arranged on the bottom part of the hydrogen gas outlet pipeline. The hydrogen gas flows in the hydrogen stream guide plate along the gravity direction from top to bottom. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, stable operation, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell especially relates to a can improve fuel cell of hydrogen utilization ratio.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guidethe fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a movable and fixed power generation device.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a vehicle power system, a ship power system or a mobile and fixed power station, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell must comprise a cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply system, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, an automatic control part and an electric energy output part.
Fig. 1 shows a fuel cell power generation system, in fig. 1, 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is a hydrogen storage bottle or other hydrogen storage device, 3 is a pressure reducing valve, 4 is an air filtering device, 5 is an air compression supply device, 6', 6 are water-vapor separators, 7 is a water tank, 8 is a cooling fluid circulating pump, 9 is a radiator, 10 is a hydrogen circulating pump, 11, 12 are humidification devices, and 13 is a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve.
In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the entire power generation system of the fuel cell, it is important to improve the hydrogen utilization rate of the power generation system of the fuel cell in addition to the electrode performance of the fuel cell. The supply and the cyclic utilization of hydrogen ions have key functions on improving the hydrogen utilization rate of the fuel cell power generation system and ensuring the operation stability of the fuel cell starting system. After pressure reduction and stabilization, the fuel hydrogen is conveyed into the fuel cell stack through the humidifying device and reacts with the oxidant on the other side of the electrode in an electrochemical way. Water is slowly generated as the reaction proceeds on the hydrogen supply side of the electrode. The water comes from two main aspects, namely, the humidified hydrogen carries part of water to enter a fuel cell stack, and the water is left after the hydrogen reacts; the other part is that the product water of the electrochemical reaction runs from the cathode side of the electrode to the anode side of the electrode through reverse osmosis of the electrode. In order to carry this portion of the water out of the fuel cell stack from the anode side of the electrodes, a hydrogen flow greater than 1.0 stoichiometric ratio must be supplied to the fuel cell stack, and excess hydrogen will leave the fuel cell stack, carrying this portion of the water out.
Therefore, the following technologies can be used for recycling excess hydrogen and taking out water in the fuel cell stack:
(1) the hydrogen circulating pump and the circulating device are utilized. As shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen circulation device uses the excess hydrogen to re-enter the fuel cell stack for reaction, and can take the two parts of water out of the fuel cell stack. For example, the patent technology "a hydrogen recycling device of fuel cell suitable for low-pressure operation", chinese patent No. 03255444.3.
(2) The ejection pump technology is adopted. For example, US Patent 5441821 (1995) mainly uses high pressure and high speed hydrogen to pass through a catapult pump, and then a vacuum state is generated in a cavity of the catapult pump, so that excessive hydrogen in the fuel cell stack is sucked back and enters the fuel cell stack again, and at the same time, the two parts of water can be taken out of the fuel cell stack.
Both of the above techniques have significant technical drawbacks:
(1) the hydrogen circulating pump is adopted, so that expensive devices are added in the whole fuel cell power generation system, the hydrogen circulating pump directly consumes power, and the power generation efficiency of the whole fuel cell power generation system is reduced, namely the fuel hydrogen conversion efficiency.
(2) The hydrogen circulating pump increases the integrated weight and volume of the whole fuel cell power generation system, unsafe factors are increased, and hydrogen is easy to leak in the hydrogen circulating pump body.
(3) By utilizing the ejection pump technology, high-pressure hydrogen must be input before the ejection pump, and the pressure of the ejection pump after the ejection pump sprays the hydrogen into the fuel cell stack is generally much lower than that of the front end of the ejection pump, so that the ejection pump cavity can be ensured to generate larger vacuum suction. However, when the fuel cell stops operating, the pressures at the front and rear ends of the ejector pump will equalize, causing the fuel cell stack to experience dangerously high hydrogen pressures. To prevent the above-mentioned dangerous situation from occurring, it is necessary to employ a very expensive and sensitive control system for controlling the hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell stack within the normal operating pressure range.
(4) When the output power of the fuel cell power generation system changes sharply, the catapult pump technology is difficult to ensure that the fuel cell stack is in a normal hydrogen pressure range. Particularly, when the high power output is suddenly changed into the low poweroutput, the fuel cell stack bears the pressure which is not much different from the high-pressure hydrogen pressure at the front end of the ejection pump at a certain moment because the reaction of the control system needs a certain time. And when the output power of the fuel cell power generation system changes frequently, the design of the same ejection pump is difficult to meet the requirement that the flow of the sucked excessive hydrogen can be in a narrow range, the flow change range of the sucked excessive hydrogen is large, and the stability of the fuel cell power generation system cannot be ensured.
(5) The ejector pump is difficult to manufacture and is expensive and adds bulk and weight to the fuel cell power system when integrated with the control system.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell with simple structure, low cost, stable operation and improved hydrogen utilization rate, which overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme: a fuel cell capable of improving the utilization rate of hydrogen comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a pressure reducing valve, an air filtering device, an air compression supply device, a hydrogen water-steam separator, an air water-steam separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen humidifying device, an air humidifying device and a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve.
The pressure of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell stack is the pressure of the hydrogen after passing through a pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve and a hydrogen humidifying device, and the pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure.
The working pressure of the hydrogen side of the electrode in the fuel cell stack is 0.1-1 atmospheric pressure higher than that of the air side of the electrode.
The normally closed electromagnetic valve is opened once every 5-600 seconds in the operation process of the fuel cell, and the opening duration time is 1-5 seconds.
The utility model discloses high pressure fuel hydrogen enters into the fuel cell stack behind humidification device behind decompression, voltage regulator device, and fuel cell stack fuel hydrogen is total to be exported with a water-vapour separator with the pipeline and is connected, has a normally closed solenoid valve on the water-vapour separator, is in the closed state under the general situation, also can link to each other this normally closed solenoid valve and fuel cell stack hydrogen total export pipeline. Thus, after hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell stack, there is no recirculation loop, and the hydrogen supply to the fuel cell stack is a dead end type supply. The utility model discloses the pressure that hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell stack is the pressure of hydrogen behind decompression, voltage regulator device, and is the same with the operating pressure of fuel cell stack. The output power of the fuel cell stack can be changed greatly, but the working pressure of the fuel cell stack can be ensured to be stable as long as the pressure reduction and stabilization device can ensure the pressure stabilization function in a large hydrogen flow variation range, and the working pressure is generally larger than the atmospheric pressure. The utility model discloses electrode hydrogen side operating pressure guarantees all the time than the high 0.1 ~ 1 atmospheric pressure of electrode oxidant side in the fuel cell stack to ensure that the difficult reverse osmosis to electrode hydrogen side of product water that fuel cell stack electrode oxidant side generated. The design of the hydrogen flow guiding field of the flow guiding plate in the fuel cell stack of the utility model is required to be along the direction of gravity, which is favorable for utilizing gravity to drain water. The utility model discloses along with in fuel cell power generation system's operation every certain time (5 ~ 600 seconds), normally closed (drainage) solenoid valve on hydrogen gas water-vapor separator or the hydrogen main outlet pipeline will open once in order to effectively discharge hydrogen side ponding in the fuel cell pile.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following:
(1) reduced complex, expensive hydrogen circulation devices or components throughout the fuel cell power generation system.
(2) Greatly improves the hydrogen utilization rate of the whole fuel cell power generation system. Since hydrogen is consumed with the fuel cell stack output power, it is not discharged and is a mustache supply.
(3) The design of a special hydrogen flow guiding field according to the gravity direction is adopted, which is beneficial to gravity drainage.
(4) The hydrogen operation pressure is stable, and the fluctuation is not large because of the power output change of the fuel cell stack.
Since the hydrogen operating pressure is higher than the electrode air side, product water reverse osmosis is greatly reduced. The hydrogen diversion trench is favorable to be smooth.
(5) The hydrogen operating pressure is at least higher than atmospheric pressure. It is possible to drain a small amount of water from the fuel cell stack when the water drain solenoid valve is opened, thereby ensuring the stability of the operation of the fuel cell power generation system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art fuel cell power generation system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen supply part of a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of the hydrogen supply unit of the fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen-guiding flow plate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen flow guiding plate according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2 and 4 in combination with fig. 1, a fuel cell capable of improving hydrogen utilization rate includes a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen storage device 2, a pressure reducing valve 3, an air filtering device 4, an air compression supply device 5, a hydrogen water-vapor separator 6, an air water-vapor separator 6', a water tank 7, a cooling fluid circulating pump 8, a radiator 9, a hydrogen humidifying device 11, an air humidifying device 12, a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve 13, and a normally closed solenoid valve 14, wherein the normally closed solenoid valve 14 is disposed at an outlet end of the hydrogen water-vapor separator 6, a hydrogen inlet 111 of a hydrogen guiding flow plate 11 of the fuel cell stack 1 is disposed at the top thereof, a hydrogen outlet 113 is disposed at the bottom thereof, a guiding groove 112 on thehydrogen guiding flow plate 11 is a straight groove from top to bottom, and hydrogen flows from top to bottom along a gravity P direction on the hydrogen guiding flow plate 11. The working pressure of the hydrogen side of the electrode in the fuel cell stack 1 is 0.1 atmospheric pressure higher than the working pressure of the air side of the electrode.
In the present example, a 10KW fuel cell stack was used, 100 cells, each cell having a hydrogen guide flow plate size of 206mm × 206 mm; the hydrogen guide field in the hydrogen guide flow plate flows in the gravity direction, as shown in figure 3; the high-pressure hydrogen is decompressed and input into the fuel cell stack after being stabilized, and the pressure is 0.5 atmosphere (relative pressure); the hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell power generation system is changed to 0.5-0.3 atmospheric pressure (relative pressure) from 0-10 KW output range; the fuel cell operating parameters are typically:
working temperature: the ambient temperature is 70 ℃;
the oxidant is atmospheric air;
the working pressure of the hydrogen is 0.5-0.3 atmospheric pressure;
the output power is 0-10 KW;
the normally closed (drainage) electromagnetic valve drains water once every 3 minutes, and the drainage time is 1-2 seconds.
The fuel cell power generation system can operate very stably.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2 and 5 in conjunction with fig. 1, in an embodiment of the fuel cell, the flow guiding grooves 112 on the hydrogen guiding flow plate 11 of the fuel cell stack are serpentine grooves from top to bottom, and hydrogen flows from top to bottom along the direction of gravity P in the hydrogen guiding flow plate 11. The electrode hydrogen-side operating pressure in the fuel cell stack 1 of the present embodiment is higher than the electrode air-side operating pressure by 1 atmosphere. The normally closed electromagnetic valve of the embodiment is opened once every 360 seconds in the operation process of the fuel cell, and the opening duration time is 2-5 seconds. Other structures and parameters of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3 and 4 in combination with fig. 1, a fuel cell capable of improving hydrogen utilization efficiency is provided, in this fuel cell embodiment, the hydrogen water-vapor separator 6 can be omitted, and the normally closed solenoid valve 14 is directly connected to the hydrogen main outlet pipe of the fuel cell stack 1, and the rest is the same as that of embodiment 1.
Claims (4)
1. A fuel cell capable of improving the utilization rate of hydrogen comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device, a pressure reducing valve, an air filtering device, an air compression supply device, a hydrogen water-steam separator, an air water-steam separator, a water tank, a cooling fluid circulating pump, a radiator, a hydrogen humidifying device, an air humidifying device and a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve.
2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell stack is a pressure of the hydrogen after passing through a pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen pressure maintaining valve and a hydrogen humidifying device, and the pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
3. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the working pressure of the hydrogen side of the electrode in the fuel cellstack is 0.1 to 1 atm higher than the working pressure of the air side of the electrode.
4. The fuel cell capable of improving the hydrogen utilization rate according to claim 1, wherein the normally closed electromagnetic valve is opened once every 5 to 600 seconds in the operation process of the fuel cell, and the opening duration is 1 to 5 seconds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2004200817175U CN2718794Y (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2004-08-11 | Fuel cell capable of raising utilization ratio of hydrogen |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2004200817175U CN2718794Y (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2004-08-11 | Fuel cell capable of raising utilization ratio of hydrogen |
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| CN2718794Y true CN2718794Y (en) | 2005-08-17 |
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| CNU2004200817175U Expired - Fee Related CN2718794Y (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2004-08-11 | Fuel cell capable of raising utilization ratio of hydrogen |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100414752C (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2008-08-27 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell capable of improving hydrogen utilization rate |
| CN103633355A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-03-12 | 济南开发区星火科学技术研究院 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell by use of air |
| CN106229528A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-14 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of fuel cell tail gas recycle device |
| CN113675423A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-11-19 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell, fuel cell bipolar plate and flow field structure of fuel cell bipolar plate |
-
2004
- 2004-08-11 CN CNU2004200817175U patent/CN2718794Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100414752C (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2008-08-27 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell capable of improving hydrogen utilization rate |
| CN103633355A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-03-12 | 济南开发区星火科学技术研究院 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell by use of air |
| CN106229528A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-14 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of fuel cell tail gas recycle device |
| CN106229528B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-01-08 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of fuel cell tail gas recycle device |
| CN113675423A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-11-19 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell, fuel cell bipolar plate and flow field structure of fuel cell bipolar plate |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20050817 Termination date: 20090911 |