CN214898553U - Early safety early warning device of automobile power battery based on hydrogen is surveyed - Google Patents
Early safety early warning device of automobile power battery based on hydrogen is surveyed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of safety detection of power batteries of electric vehicles, and discloses an early safety early warning device of a power battery of an automobile based on hydrogen detection, which comprises the power battery which is a lithium ion battery, the power battery is arranged in a battery compartment of the electric automobile, the battery compartment also comprises a compartment body, a hydrogen detector is arranged in the compartment body, the hydrogen detector comprises a hydrogen sensor and a data processing unit, the hydrogen detector is connected with an alarm device, the hydrogen detector is arranged in the cabin body to detect the hydrogen concentration in a target area, the target area is the inner area of the battery cabin, the battery thermal runaway releases hydrogen in the early stage, according to the hydrogen concentration of the hydrogen detector, whether the state of the power battery is abnormal or not is judged, and then early safety early warning is carried out to ensure the safety of personnel in and around the vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety detection of power batteries of electric automobiles, in particular to an early safety early warning device of an automobile power battery based on hydrogen detection.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high output voltage, high energy density, long cycle life and the like, is widely applied to the field of electric automobiles, and promotes the rapid development of the electric automobiles. However, the lithium ion battery used as a power battery in an electric vehicle is prone to be subjected to severe working environments (such as high temperature, over-discharge, overcharge, impact, etc.); and metal dendrite generated during the cycle of the lithium ion battery and crystallization of the binder may cause internal short circuit of the battery. Once the lithium ion battery encounters such abnormal conditions, a series of chain side reactions such as SEI film decomposition, lithium-embedded negative electrode and electrolyte reaction, separator melting, electrolyte self-decomposition, electrolyte and positive electrode reaction, and positive electrode decomposition may occur, and these side reactions are called thermal runaway, resulting in a rapid increase in battery temperature and release of combustible gas, which may cause combustion and explosion accidents. Therefore, there is a need to develop a simple and effective method to detect the abnormal state of the lithium ion battery in advance, perform early safety precaution of the lithium ion battery, and prevent the occurrence of fire or explosion and other safety accidents, thereby protecting the safety of the driver and passengers and people near the automobile and reducing property loss.
The existing safety early warning system of the power battery of the electric automobile mainly depends on a Battery Management System (BMS). The current battery management system can detect the surface temperature, terminal voltage and state of charge (SOC) of the power battery, so that the charging and discharging behaviors of the power battery can be restrained according to the parameters, and an alarm signal is sent out when the surface temperature of the power battery exceeds a normal range. However, up to now, the occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery cannot be well predicted only by the battery management system, for example, lithium dendrite generated during the cycling of the power battery cannot be detected by the BMS, and an internal short circuit occurs over time to cause a fire or explosion accident (tesla electric vehicle battery ignition, samsung cell phone ignition and explosion, korean energy storage power station safety accident).
Therefore, in view of the above technical problems, an apparatus is designed to sense the abnormality of the power battery of the automobile in advance before the thermal runaway of the power battery occurs, so that a sufficient time is allowed as much as possible for preventive measures such as evacuation of people and disconnection of the power battery from an external circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method and the device can sense the abnormity of the battery in advance before the thermal runaway of the automobile power battery occurs, monitor the state of the automobile power battery in real time, can monitor the battery at the early stage of the thermal runaway of the battery, and send out an alarm signal, thereby providing enough time for people evacuation and subsequent treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
early safety precaution device of car power battery based on hydrogen is surveyed, power battery is lithium ion battery, power battery is in electric automobile battery compartment, the battery compartment still includes the cabin body, the internal hydrogen detector that is equipped with of cabin, the hydrogen detector includes hydrogen sensor and data processing unit, the hydrogen detector is connected with alarm device, will the hydrogen detector is settled inside the cabin body, surveys the regional hydrogen concentration in the target, and the target area is the inside region in battery compartment.
The working principle is as follows: because the lithium ion battery can generate a series of side reactions in the early stage of thermal runaway and the thermal runaway process to generate combustible gases such as hydrogen (for example, the negative electrode lithium dendrite reacts with the PVDF binder to generate hydrogen in the early stage of thermal runaway), the molecular volume of the hydrogen is small and the hydrogen can easily escape from the battery shell, so that the state of the power battery can be judged according to the hydrogen concentration of the hydrogen detector, early safety warning can be performed, and the safety of personnel in and around the vehicle can be ensured.
Further, the power battery comprises a cylindrical lithium ion battery, a square lithium ion battery and a soft package lithium ion battery.
Further, the hydrogen detector includes a hydrogen sensor and a data processing unit.
Furthermore, the hydrogen sensor can be an electrochemical sensor, a semiconductor sensor, a catalytic combustion sensor, an optical sensor and the like, the electric signals output by the several types of hydrogen sensors are approximately in direct proportion to the hydrogen concentration, and the electric signals refer to one of current signals, voltage signals and resistance signals.
Further, the hydrogen detector is arranged at the air outlet of the battery cabin or at the upper part of a vacant area in the cabin body.
Further, the alarm device comprises a judgment submodule and an alarm, wherein the judgment submodule is used for comparing the hydrogen concentration signal with a preset concentration signal value, and when the hydrogen concentration signal is greater than the preset concentration signal value, the power battery can be considered to be in an abnormal state at present, and thermal runaway can occur along with the lapse of time; when the hydrogen concentration signal is smaller than a preset concentration signal, the power battery is not considered to be in an abnormal state at present, and thermal runaway cannot occur along with the lapse of time;
and the alarm is used for carrying out early safety early warning when the judgment submodule judges that the battery is abnormal. The early-stage safety early warning method comprises at least one of automobile fault lamp warning, sound warning and fault information pushing warning, wherein the automobile fault lamp warning means that an indicator lamp indicating the fault of the power battery is turned on by an automobile instrument panel, the sound warning means that sound containing the fault content of the battery is sent out from the inside and the outside of the automobile, and the fault information pushing warning means that fault information is displayed on equipment such as a computer, a mobile phone and a tablet in a software message pushing mode, a short message pushing mode and the like.
Further, the alarm comprises at least one of an automobile fault lamp alarm, a sound alarm, a fault information pushing alarm and a short message alarm.
Further, the hydrogen sensor has a self-test module to ensure that the presence of hydrogen in the battery compartment can be detected normally.
Further, the data processing unit includes:
the amplification sub-module is used for amplifying the trace electric signals generated by the hydrogen sensing module;
the filtering submodule is used for filtering the micro electric signals generated by the hydrogen sensing module and eliminating the interference of the noise of the hydrogen sensing module;
the analog-to-digital conversion submodule is used for converting the electric signal after amplification and filtering processing into a digital signal;
and the calibration submodule is used for mapping the digital signals and the standard hydrogen concentration one by one so as to convert the digital signals into hydrogen concentration signals.
Furthermore, the alarm device is connected with an automatic processing submodule and used for disconnecting the power battery in the whole battery compartment or part of abnormal power batteries from an external circuit when the alarm submodule works.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the use environment of the electric automobile is severe, the power battery may suffer from extreme conditions such as electric abuse, thermal abuse, mechanical abuse and the like; and lithium dendrite will be generated on the surface of the negative electrode when the power battery is charged and discharged rapidly or overcharged. These factors will lead power battery to take place thermal runaway, and the emergence of combustible gas such as hydrogen is along with, because hydrogen emergence time is earlier, can be through hydrogen detector's hydrogen signal, in time reflect power battery's abnormal conditions, therefore, when carrying out early safety precaution to power battery based on hydrogen signal, can foresee power battery's dangerous condition in advance, can take the means to kill the dangerous factor in the battery cabin at the bud stage as early as possible, avoid because accidents such as conflagration that power battery thermal runaway leads to even explosion, the inside and surrounding personal safety of protection electric automobile and reduction property loss.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an early safety warning device for an automotive power battery based on hydrogen detection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen gas detector of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an early safety warning method for an automotive power battery based on hydrogen detection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
reference numerals
1-power battery, 101-cabin body, 102-cabin cover, 200-hydrogen detector, 201-hydrogen sensor, 210-data processing unit, 211-amplification submodule, 212-filtering submodule, 213-analog-digital conversion submodule, 214-calibration submodule, 220-alarm device, 221-judgment submodule, 222-alarm and 223-automatic processing submodule.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following examples.
Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. They are merely examples of methods and apparatus consistent with certain aspects detailed in the claims below.
For ease of understanding, before explaining the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail, an application scenario of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.
At present, lithium ion batteries are applied to the field of electric vehicles as power batteries due to the advantages of high output voltage, high energy density, long cycle life, environmental protection and the like and the lower and lower cost, however, vehicles are inevitably used in severe environments, once the power batteries are subjected to extreme environments such as electric abuse, thermal abuse, mechanical abuse and the like, a series of side reactions are easily generated inside the power batteries, thermal runaway is developed, and further ignition and even explosion are caused. Therefore, the method of the hydrogen detector arranged in the battery compartment is adopted to early warn thermal runaway of the power battery in advance, prevent personnel in and around the automobile from being injured, and avoid property loss to a certain extent.
For example, there are many fast charging piles at present and can carry out the fast charge to electric automobile, make the deposit that has lithium dendrite in the relatively poor battery of quality control like this, especially the lithium dendrite is produced most easily in the shortest kink of distance between positive negative pole, causes the interior short circuit of battery easily when lithium dendrite grows great, leads to the fire or even explosion accident. Therefore, the hydrogen detector can be arranged in the battery compartment to carry out early safety early warning, and when hydrogen is generated, an alarm signal can be sent out, the charging process is interrupted, further deterioration of thermal runaway is avoided, the safety of personnel is protected, and property loss is reduced.
For example, when an electric vehicle runs on a road for various reasons, a traffic accident may occur, a power battery in a battery compartment may be damaged by extrusion or puncture, the thermal runaway of the power battery may occur, the thermal runaway process caused by the situation is extremely rapid, a fire or explosion accident may be caused, and if two parties of the accident compete at the vehicle side and even cause people to watch the accident, the result is unreasonable. Therefore, after the hydrogen detector is placed in the battery compartment, the occurrence of thermal runaway of the power battery can be early warned, and the main automobile driver and surrounding personnel are reminded to evacuate in time, so that the safety of the personnel is guaranteed.
For example, in summer, an electric automobile is exposed to the sun in an outdoor place, the temperature in the automobile is easily overhigh, the power battery is easily out of control due to thermal runaway at high temperature, and if an automobile owner starts the automobile or even opens an air conditioner in the automobile, the power battery works to generate heat, so that the temperature of the power battery is further increased, and the thermal runaway is easily caused. Therefore, an early warning device based on hydrogen warning is needed to be arranged in the battery compartment, so that the thermal runaway of the power battery is early warned, and the safety of the electric automobile is improved.
Of course, the embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to not only the above three application scenarios, but also other application scenarios in practical application.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the early safety early warning device for the automobile power battery based on hydrogen detection is characterized in that the power battery is a lithium ion battery, the power battery is arranged in a battery compartment of the electric automobile, the battery compartment further comprises a compartment body, a hydrogen detector is arranged in the compartment body, the hydrogen detector comprises a hydrogen sensor and a data processing unit, the hydrogen detector is connected with an alarm device, and the power battery is a square lithium ion battery.
The hydrogen detector 200 is configured to convert a hydrogen concentration in a target region into an electrical signal, where the target region is inside the cabin, and the hydrogen concentration is a hydrogen amount generated by a side reaction inside the power battery in an abnormal state; the power battery comprises a single battery, a battery module and a battery cluster, and the hydrogen sensor 201 is arranged at an air outlet of the battery compartment or in the upper region in the battery compartment; the hydrogen sensing module outputs an electrical signal 202; the hydrogen sensing module has a self-checking function so as to ensure normal operation and prevent misoperation;
the data processing unit 210 is configured to amplify and filter the electrical signal, and then perform a series of processing to obtain a hydrogen concentration signal, where the data processing unit 210 includes a signal amplification sub-module 211 configured to amplify a trace electrical signal generated by the hydrogen sensing module; the signal filtering submodule 212 is used for filtering the micro electric signals generated by the hydrogen sensing module and eliminating the interference of the noise of the hydrogen sensing module; the analog-to-digital conversion sub-module 213 is configured to convert the amplified and filtered electrical signal into a digital signal; the gas calibration submodule 214 is configured to map the digital signal with a standard hydrogen concentration one by one, and further convert the digital signal into a hydrogen concentration signal;
and the alarm device 220 is used for judging whether an alarm signal needs to be sent or not based on the hydrogen concentration signal, controlling the work of an in-vehicle alarm if the alarm signal needs to be sent, and uploading a fault signal of the battery compartment to the communication equipment of the vehicle owner.
The abnormality judgment submodule 221 is configured to compare the hydrogen concentration signal with a preset concentration signal value, and when the hydrogen concentration signal is greater than the preset concentration signal value, it may be considered that the power battery is in an abnormal state at present, and thermal runaway may occur over time; when the hydrogen concentration signal is smaller than a preset concentration signal, the power battery is not considered to be in an abnormal state at present, and thermal runaway cannot occur along with the lapse of time;
and the alarm 222 is used for carrying out early safety warning when the judgment submodule judges that the battery is abnormal. The early-stage safety early warning alarm comprises at least one of an automobile fault lamp alarm, a sound alarm and a fault information pushing alarm, wherein the automobile fault lamp alarm is that an indicator lamp indicating the fault of the power battery is turned on by an automobile instrument panel, the sound alarm is that sound containing the fault content of the battery is sent out from the inside and the outside of the automobile, and the fault information pushing alarm is that fault information is displayed on a computer, a mobile phone, a tablet and other equipment in a software message pushing mode, a short message pushing mode and the like.
The use principle is as follows: as shown in fig. 1, in step 101, monitoring hydrogen concentration in a target area, wherein the target area refers to an internal area of a battery compartment, and the hydrogen concentration refers to characteristic gas generated when a power battery is in thermal runaway;
in step 102, judging whether the state of the power battery is abnormal or not according to the hydrogen concentration signal of the hydrogen detector, wherein thermal runaway may occur if the state is abnormal;
in step 103, whether to perform early safety warning is determined according to whether the state of the power battery is abnormal.
The hydrogen concentration signal of the hydrogen detector comprises:
the fault degree of the power battery in the battery compartment can be characterized based on the hydrogen concentration, and the greater the fault degree, the more easily the battery compartment is ignited and even explodes. If a power battery is in the battery compartment and thermal runaway occurs, a small amount of hydrogen can escape from the battery shell in the early stage, the degree of thermal runaway is low, the concentration of the released hydrogen is low, and a long period of time can be left after the power battery is on fire or explodes; when the thermal runaway degree is higher, the side reaction in the power battery is more violent, the concentration of the released hydrogen is higher, and the time for getting out of fire or exploding is relatively shortened. If only one power battery in the battery compartment is out of control due to heat, the released combustible gas is low in content and not easy to combust or explode, and the detected hydrogen concentration is low; when a plurality of power batteries are out of control due to heat at the same time, the accumulated release of hydrogen by the plurality of batteries is large, the concentration of corresponding combustible gas is also high, and the batteries are easy to catch fire or explode.
Based on the hydrogen concentration signal in the target area, whether the state of the power battery in the battery compartment is abnormal is judged, so that whether the risk of thermal runaway exists is judged, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the hydrogen concentration signal in the target area reaches a preset threshold value, if the threshold value is set to 0.1ppm, the state of a battery in the battery compartment can be considered to be abnormal when the value on the hydrogen detector is 1ppm, and the risk of thermal runaway exists;
when the hydrogen concentration signal in the target area does not reach a preset threshold value, if the threshold value is set to 0.1ppm, the state of all the batteries in the battery compartment can be considered as a syndrome when the numerical value on the hydrogen detector is 0ppm, and the risk of thermal runaway does not exist;
and early safety early warning is carried out based on the state of the battery in the battery compartment, and when the battery in the battery compartment is in an abnormal state, early safety early warning is carried out.
The early-stage safety early warning is carried out based on the state of the battery in the battery compartment, the early-stage safety early warning is carried out in a mode of at least one of automobile fault lamp warning, sound warning and fault information pushing warning, the automobile fault lamp warning means that an indicator lamp of an automobile instrument panel for indicating the fault of the power battery is turned on, the sound warning means that sound containing the fault content of the battery is sent out inside and outside the automobile, and the fault information pushing warning means that fault information is displayed on a computer, a mobile phone, a tablet and other equipment in a mode of pushing software messages, pushing short messages and the like.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, by monitoring the hydrogen signal in the target area, that is, the hydrogen concentration in the battery compartment, the hydrogen signal in the hydrogen detector can be changed significantly in the early stage of thermal runaway of the power battery, so as to determine whether the operation condition of the power battery is abnormal, and then perform early safety warning according to the determination result. Therefore, the early safety early warning of the power battery can be carried out based on hydrogen detection, the crisis in the battery can be found as early as possible, then personnel are reminded to avoid risks, corresponding measures are taken to avoid further deterioration of thermal runaway of the power battery, and property loss is reduced.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 4, in order to enable early warning to be performed more timely, the embodiment is further improved on the basis of embodiment 1, specifically: the device also includes:
the alarm device 220 is connected with an automatic processing submodule 223, and the automatic processing submodule 223 is used for disconnecting the power battery in the whole battery compartment or part of abnormal power batteries from an external circuit when the alarm device works.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the hydrogen sensing module may convert the hydrogen concentration in the target area into an electrical signal, the data processing module amplifies and filters the electrical signal, and then performs a series of processing to obtain a hydrogen concentration signal, the battery compartment safety pre-warning module is configured to determine whether to send an alarm signal based on the hydrogen concentration signal, and if so, control the operation of the in-vehicle alarm device and upload a signal indicating that the battery compartment is faulty to the communication device of the vehicle owner. Therefore, the device carries out early safety early warning of the power battery based on hydrogen detection, can discover the crisis in the battery as soon as possible, further reminds personnel to avoid risks, takes corresponding measures to avoid further deterioration of thermal runaway of the power battery, and reduces property loss.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all equivalent structural changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art using the description of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Early safety precaution device of car power battery based on hydrogen is surveyed, power battery (1) are lithium ion battery, power battery (1) are in electric automobile battery compartment, the battery compartment still includes cabin body (101) and cabin cover (102), its characterized in that: the hydrogen gas detector (200) is arranged in the cabin body (101), the hydrogen gas detector (200) comprises a hydrogen gas sensor (201) and a data processing unit (210), and the hydrogen gas detector (200) is connected with an alarm device (220).
2. The early safety warning device for the power battery of the automobile based on the hydrogen detection of claim 1, wherein: the power battery (1) comprises a cylindrical lithium ion battery, a square lithium ion battery and a soft package lithium ion battery.
3. The early safety warning device for the power battery of the automobile based on the hydrogen detection of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen sensor (201) comprises one of an electrochemical sensor, a semiconductor sensor, a catalytic combustion sensor, an optical sensor.
4. The early safety warning device for the power battery of the automobile based on the hydrogen detection of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen detector (200) is arranged at the air outlet of the cabin body (101) or at the upper part of the idle area in the cabin body (101).
5. The early safety warning device for the power battery of the automobile based on the hydrogen detection of claim 1, wherein: the alarm device (220) comprises a judgment submodule (221) and an alarm (222).
6. The early safety warning device for automobile power batteries based on hydrogen detection according to claim 5, characterized in that: the alarm comprises one or more of automobile fault lamp alarm, sound alarm, fault information pushing alarm and short message alarm.
7. The early safety warning device for the power battery of the automobile based on the hydrogen detection of claim 1, wherein: the data processing unit (210) comprises:
the amplification sub-module (211) is used for amplifying the micro electric signal generated by the hydrogen sensing module;
the filtering submodule (212) is used for filtering the micro electric signals generated by the hydrogen sensing module and eliminating the interference of the noise of the hydrogen sensing module;
the analog-to-digital conversion submodule (213) is used for converting the electric signal after amplification and filtering processing into a digital signal;
and the calibration submodule (214) is used for mapping the digital signal and the standard hydrogen concentration one by one so as to convert the digital signal into a hydrogen concentration signal.
8. The early safety warning device for the power battery of the automobile based on the hydrogen detection of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises an automatic processing submodule (223) connected to the alarm device (220).
9. The early safety warning device for the power battery of the automobile based on the hydrogen detection of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen sensor (201) is internally provided with a self-checking module.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114361614A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-15 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Method and system for preventing thermal runaway of battery cell based on detection of escaping gas |
| CN114783152A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-22 | 郑州熙禾智能科技有限公司 | Energy storage power station fire alarm method and system based on gas-sound information fusion |
| CN116759682A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-09-15 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery, power utilization device and gas detection method of battery |
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- 2021-04-07 CN CN202120710272.6U patent/CN214898553U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114361614A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-15 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Method and system for preventing thermal runaway of battery cell based on detection of escaping gas |
| CN114783152A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-22 | 郑州熙禾智能科技有限公司 | Energy storage power station fire alarm method and system based on gas-sound information fusion |
| CN116759682A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-09-15 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery, power utilization device and gas detection method of battery |
| CN116759682B (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2024-02-27 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery, power utilization device and gas detection method of battery |
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