CN212062582U - Pole piece, battery core and battery - Google Patents
Pole piece, battery core and battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN212062582U CN212062582U CN202020877469.4U CN202020877469U CN212062582U CN 212062582 U CN212062582 U CN 212062582U CN 202020877469 U CN202020877469 U CN 202020877469U CN 212062582 U CN212062582 U CN 212062582U
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 401
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 401
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 8
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery, especially, relate to a pole piece, including the mass flow body and be formed at the mass flow body is at least a diaphragm coating on the surface, the diaphragm coating includes first coating district and is located the second coating district of first coating district both sides, the compaction density in second coating district is greater than the compaction density in first coating district. Additionally, the utility model discloses still relate to an electricity core and a battery. Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a pole piece sets up the first coating district that compaction density is relatively less in the middle zone to make electric core middle zone can store more electrolyte, consequently, when the middle zone of electric core received the extrusion because of the inflation, the phenomenon that local electrolyte is not enough can not appear, and then has improved the cyclicity ability of electric core and battery.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery, especially, relate to a pole piece, electric core and battery.
Background
Along with the popularization of electric vehicles and the improvement of the endurance mileage of the electric vehicles, square hard-shell battery cells with high grouping efficiency and good reliability are increasingly popular in the market.
The current cathode material of the square lithium ion battery is usually graphite or a mixed material of graphite and silicon or an oxide of silicon, and the material expands and contracts due to the intercalation/adsorption of lithium ions during the charging and discharging processes, which is represented by the phenomenon that the pole piece becomes thick (during charging) or thin (during discharging) at the pole piece level. Because the inflation and the shrink phenomenon when the pole piece charges and discharges, when square lithium ion battery designs usually, some clearances can be reserved between the naked electric core in the shell and the shell of the square lithium ion battery of compaction density direction top shape lithium ion battery, this clearance is in order to prevent square lithium ion battery group module back, because the pole piece inflation causes naked electric core to receive excessively to extrude electrolyte and appear the not enough problem of local electrolyte, the not enough can cause electric core circulation performance to descend rapidly of electrolyte, seriously still can cause the problem of local lithium analysis. In particular, the center of the cell is most affected by the weakest liquid-absorbing capacity, and thus, it is likely to be a region where local electrolyte shortage occurs first.
However, as the energy density of the current square lithium ion battery is higher, in order to meet the higher energy density, the gap between the square lithium ion battery shell and the bare cell inside the square lithium ion battery shell in the direction of the compaction density is smaller and smaller, so that the cycle life of the cell is further shortened, and greater potential safety hazards are brought.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a pole piece, electric core and battery to solve not enough among the prior art.
A pole piece comprising a current collector and a membrane coating formed on at least one surface of the current collector, the membrane coating comprising a first coating region and second coating regions on either side of the first coating region, the second coating region having a compaction density greater than the first coating region.
As an improvement to the pole piece of the present invention, the compaction density ratio of the first coating region to the second coating region is 1: (1.001-1.5).
As an improvement on the pole piece, at least one side of the first coating area is provided with a plurality of the second coating area, a plurality of the compaction density of the second coating area is different, and is closer to the first coating area, the compaction density of the second coating area is smaller.
As an improvement of pole piece, at least one side of first coating district is provided with a plurality ofly the second coating district, two adjacent compaction densities are lower be provided with the compaction density between the second coating district higher the second coating district, perhaps two adjacent compaction densities are higher be provided with the compaction density between the second coating district lower the second coating district. Wherein the second coating region having a lower compacted density is a second coating region having a lower compacted density than the average compacted density of the plurality of second coating regions and the second coating region having a higher compacted density is a second coating region having a higher compacted density than the average compacted density of the plurality of second coating regions.
As an improvement to the pole piece, the compaction density of the first coating zone is 5-95% of the compaction density of the diaphragm coating. When the compaction density of the first coating area is too small, the film coating with small porosity is too small, so that more electrolyte cannot be stored, when the battery cell is extruded due to expansion, too much electrolyte cannot be reserved, the problem of local liquid shortage can still be caused, and the effect of improving the cycle performance of the battery cell cannot be achieved. When the first coating region has too high a compaction density, it may lower the energy density of the battery, affecting other properties of the battery.
As an improvement of the pole piece, the compacted density of the first coating area is 0.9-4.7 g/cm3The compaction density of the second coating area is 1.0-4.8 cm3. The compacted densities of the first and second coated regions may be adjusted according to the material of the film coating actually applied, provided that the compacted density of the first coated region is less than that of the second coated region, and the porosity of the pole piece is low and sufficient liquid storage capacity is provided. Specifically, for the positive pole piece of the ternary battery, the compaction density of the first coating area ranges from 2.9 to 4.7g/cm3The second coating zone has a compaction density in the range of 3.0 to 4.8g/cm3(ii) a For the positive pole piece of the cobalt acid lithium battery, the compaction density of the first coating area ranges from 3.2 to 5.0g/cm3The second coating zone has a compaction density in the range of 3.3 to 5.1g/cm3(ii) a For the positive pole piece of the lithium iron phosphate battery, the compaction density of the first coating area ranges from 2.9 to 4.1g/cm3The second coating zone has a compaction density in the range of 3.0 to 4.2g/cm3(ii) a For the positive pole piece of the lithium manganate battery, the compaction density of the first coating area ranges from 1.9 to 3.5g/cm3Range of compaction density of the second coating zoneIs 2.0 to 3.6g/cm3(ii) a For graphite negative pole pieces, the compacted density of the first coating zone ranges from 1.0 to 1.7g/cm3The second coating zone has a compaction density in the range of 1.1 to 1.8g/cm3(ii) a For graphite-silicon/silicon oxide negative pole pieces, the compacted density of the first coating area ranges from 0.9 to 1.7g/cm3The second coating zone has a compaction density in the range of 1.0 to 1.8g/cm3(ii) a For the lithium titanate negative pole piece, the compaction density range of the first coating area is 1.3-3.0g/cm3The second coating zone has a compaction density in the range of 1.4 to 3.1g/cm3。
An electric core comprises a positive plate, a negative plate and a diaphragm which is arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate at intervals, wherein at least one of the positive plate and the negative plate is the plate in any section of the specification.
As an improvement of the electric core, the diaphragm comprises a substrate and a functional coating formed on at least one surface of the substrate, the functional coating comprises a coating area a and a coating area b located on two sides of the coating area a, and the compaction density of the coating area b is greater than that of the coating area a. When the diaphragm is designed to be the same as the pole piece, the liquid storage capacity of the battery cell is better, and the cycle performance of the battery cell can be further improved.
As an improvement of the electric core, the electric core is a coiling type electric core or a laminated type electric core.
A battery comprises a shell and a battery cell packaged in the shell, wherein the battery cell is described in the specification.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model include but are not limited to:
1) the utility model provides a pole piece, pole piece include the mass flow body and be formed at the mass flow body is the diaphragm coating on the at least surface, the diaphragm coating includes first coating district and is located the second coating district of first coating district both sides, the compaction density in second coating district is greater than the compaction density in first coating district. That is, the compacted density of the film coating layer in the middle region is relatively lower, and the corresponding void ratio is higher, so that more electrolyte can be stored, and the problem of the reduction of the cycle performance of the battery caused by the extrusion of the electrolyte due to the excessive expansion force is solved.
2) The utility model provides an electric core contains foretell pole piece, owing to store sufficient electrolyte, consequently, when the extrusion that electric core middle zone received because of the inflation, even there is partial electrolyte to be extruded, can not cause local electrolyte not enough yet, has improved the life cycle of electric core, avoids electric core local lithium analysis.
3) The utility model provides a battery contains foretell electric core, because the long cycle life of electric core to make the long cycle life of battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole piece according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole piece according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole piece according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing the cycle curves of example 1 and the comparative example of the present invention.
Wherein: 11-first coating zone, 12-second coating zone, 21-first coating zone, 22-second coating zone, 23-second coating zone, 31-first coating zone, 32-second coating zone, 33-second coating zone, 34-second coating zone.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the pole piece includes a current collector and a membrane coating formed on at least one surface of the current collector, the membrane coating includes a first coating area 11 and a second coating area 12 located at two sides of the first coating area 11, and the compacted density of the second coating area 12 is greater than that of the first coating area 11.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the compaction density ratio of the first coating zone 11 and the second coating zone 12 is 1: (1.01-1.2).
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the width of the first coating region 11 is 5 to 95% of the width of the film coating layer.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the compacted density of the first coating region 11 is 0.9 to 4.7g/cm3The compacted density of the second coating area 12 is 1.0-4.8 cm3. Provided that the compacted density of the first coated region 11 is less than that of the second coated region 12 and that the porosity of the pole piece is made small enough to have sufficient liquid storage capacity. The compaction density of the first coating zone 11 and the second coating zone 12 can be adjusted depending on the material contained in the film coating actually applied. Specifically, for the positive electrode plate of the ternary battery, the compacted density of the first coating area 11 ranges from 2.9 to 4.7g/cm3The second coating zone 12 has a compaction density in the range of 3.0 to 4.8g/cm3(ii) a For a positive electrode plate of a lithium cobalt oxide battery, the compacted density of the first coating region 11 ranges from 3.2 to 5.0g/cm3The second coating zone 12 has a compaction density in the range of 3.3 to 5.1g/cm3(ii) a For the positive pole piece of the lithium iron phosphate battery, the compaction density of the first coating area 11 ranges from 2.9 to 4.1g/cm3The second coating zone 12 has a compaction density in the range of 3.0 to 4.2g/cm3(ii) a For the positive pole piece of a lithium manganate battery, the compaction density of the first coating region 11 ranges from 1.9 to 3.5g/cm3The second coating zone 12 has a compaction density in the range of 2.0 to 3.6g/cm3(ii) a For graphite negative pole pieces, the compacted density of the first coating zone 11 ranges from 1.0 to 1.7g/cm3The second coating zone 12 has a compaction density in the range of 1.1 to 1.8g/cm3(ii) a For graphite-silicon/silicon oxide negative electrode sheets, the compacted density of the first coating zone 11 ranges from 0.9 to 1.7g/cm3The second coating zone 12 has a compaction density in the range of 1.0 to 1.8g/cm3(ii) a For lithium titanate negative pole pieces, the compaction density of the first coating area 11 ranges from 1.3 to 3.0g/cm3The second coating zone 12 has a compaction density in the range of 1.4 to 3.1g/cm3。
As shown in fig. 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, the pole piece includes a current collector and a membrane coating formed on at least one surface of the current collector, the membrane coating includes a first coating area 21 and a second coating area located on both sides of the first coating area 21, the second coating area includes a second coating area 22 and a second coating area 23, the compacted densities of the second coating area 22 and the second coating area 23 are both greater than the compacted density of the first coating area 21, and the compacted density of the second coating area 23 is greater than the compacted density of the second coating area 22. It should be noted that the number of the second coating regions on each side may be set to 2 or more, and the compacted density of the second coating region is smaller as it is closer to the first coating region 21.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the first coating zone 21 and the second coating zone 22/23 have a packing density ratio of 1: (1.001-1.5).
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the width of the first coating region 21 is 5 to 95% of the width of the film sheet coating layer.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the first coating region 21 has a compacted density of 0.9 to 4.7g/cm3The second coating area 22/23 has a compacted density of 1.0-4.8 cm3. Provided that the compacted density of the first coated region 21 is less than that of the second coated region 22/23 and that the porosity of the pole piece is made less with sufficient liquid storage capacity. The compaction density of the first coating zone 21 and the second coating zone 22/23 can be adjusted depending on the material of the film coating actually applied. Specifically, for the positive electrode plate of the ternary battery, the compacted density of the first coating area 21 ranges from 2.9 to 4.7g/cm3The second coating zone 22/23 has a compacted density in the range of 3.0-4.8g/cm3(ii) a For a positive electrode sheet of a lithium cobalt oxide battery, the compacted density of the first coating region 21 is in the range of 3.2-5.0g/cm3The second coating zone 22/23 has a compacted density in the range of 3.3 to 5.1g/cm3(ii) a For the positive pole piece of the lithium iron phosphate battery, the compaction density of the first coating area 21 ranges from 2.9 to 4.1g/cm3The second coating zone 22/23 has a compacted density in the range of 3.0-4.2g/cm3(ii) a For a positive electrode sheet of a lithium manganate battery, the compacted density of the first coating region 21 ranges from 1.9 to 3.5g/cm3The second coating zone 22/23 has a compacted density in the range of 2.0-3.6g/cm3(ii) a For graphite negative electrode sheets, the compacted density of the first coating zone 21 ranges from 1.0 to 1.7g/cm3The second coating zone 22/23 has a compacted density in the range of 1.1-1.8g/cm3(ii) a For graphite-silicon/silicon oxide negative electrode sheets, the compacted density of the first coating zone 21 ranges from 0.9 to 1.7g/cm3The second coating zone 22/23 has a compacted density in the range of 1.0-1.8g/cm3(ii) a For lithium titanate negative pole pieces, the compacted density of the first coating area 21 ranges from 1.3 to 3.0g/cm3The second coating zone 22/23 has a compacted density in the range of 1.4 to 3.1g/cm3。
As shown in FIG. 3, in another embodiment of the present invention, the pole piece comprises a current collector and a membrane coating formed on at least one surface of the current collector, the membrane coating comprises a first coating region 31 and second coating regions (including second coating regions 32-34) disposed on both sides of the first coating region 31, the compacted density of the second coating regions 32-34 is greater than that of the first coating region 31, and the compacted density of the second coating regions 32 and 34 is less than that of the second coating region 33, or the compacted density of the second coating regions 32 and 34 is greater than that of the second coating region 33.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the compaction density ratio of the first coating zone 31 and the second coating zones 32 to 34 is 1: (1.001-1.5).
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the width of the first coating region 31 is 5 to 95% of the width of the film sheet coating layer.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the first coating region 31 has a compacted density of 0.9 to 4.7g/cm3The second coating area 32-34 has a compacted density of 1.0-4.8 cm3. As long as the compacted density of the first coated region 31 is less than that of the second coated regions 32-34, and the porosity of the pole piece is small and has enough liquid storage capacity. The compaction density of the first 31 and second 32-34 coating zones can be adjusted depending on the material of the film coating actually applied. Specifically, for the positive electrode plate of the ternary battery, the compacted density of the first coating region 31 ranges from 2.9 to 4.7g/cm3The compaction density of the second coating area 32-34 is 3.0-4.8g/cm3(ii) a The compacted density range of the first coating region 31 for a positive electrode sheet of a lithium cobalt oxide batteryThe circumference is 3.2-5.0g/cm3The compaction density of the second coating area 32-34 is 3.3-5.1g/cm3(ii) a For the positive pole piece of the lithium iron phosphate battery, the compaction density of the first coating area 31 ranges from 2.9 to 4.1g/cm3The compaction density of the second coating area 32-34 is 3.0-4.2g/cm3(ii) a For a positive electrode sheet of a lithium manganate battery, the compacted density of the first coating region 31 ranges from 1.9 to 3.5g/cm3The compaction density of the second coating area 32-34 is 2.0-3.6g/cm3(ii) a For graphite negative electrode sheets, the compacted density of the first coating zone 31 ranges from 1.0 to 1.7g/cm3The compaction density of the second coating area 32-34 is 1.1-1.8g/cm3(ii) a For graphite-silicon/silicon oxide negative electrode sheets, the compacted density of the first coating zone 31 ranges from 0.9 to 1.7g/cm3The compaction density of the second coating area 32-34 is 1.0-1.8g/cm3(ii) a For lithium titanate negative pole pieces, the compacted density of the first coating area 31 ranges from 1.3g/cm to 3.0g/cm3The compaction density of the second coating area 32-34 is 1.4-3.1g/cm3。
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Preparing a positive pole piece:
1) taking a ternary material as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, and mixing the above materials according to the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material: carbon black: uniformly stirring and mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (96: 2.5: 1.5) to form anode slurry with the solid content of 70%;
2) using a squeeze coater, adjusting the gap of a squeeze head of the squeeze coater, and continuously coating the positive electrode slurry on the surface of a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil) with a compaction density of 12 μm to form a membrane coating, as shown in fig. 1, the membrane coating comprises a first coating area 11 and second coating areas 12 positioned at both sides of the first coating area 11, and the compaction density of the first coating area 11 is 3.8g/cm3The second coating zone 12 had a compacted density of 4.0g/cm3Film coatingThe overall width of the layer is 160mm, wherein the width of the first coated area 11 is 60mm and the width of the second coated area 12 is 50 mm;
3) and drying, rolling, die cutting and stripping the positive current collector coated with the diaphragm coating to prepare the positive pole piece.
Preparing a negative pole piece:
1) taking graphite as a negative electrode active substance, styrene butadiene rubber as a binder, carbon black as a conductive agent, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a dispersing agent, and distilled water as a solvent, and mixing the raw materials according to the weight ratio of graphite: styrene-butadiene rubber: carbon black: uniformly stirring and mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose (96: 1.5:1.5: 1) to form negative electrode slurry with the solid content of 45%;
2) coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a negative electrode current collector (copper foil) with the compaction density of 6 μm to form a negative electrode current collector with the width of 200mm and the compaction density of 1.5g/cm3The film coating of (1);
3) and drying, rolling, die cutting and stripping the negative current collector coated with the negative film coating to prepare the negative pole piece.
Preparing a lithium ion battery:
1) the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece prepared according to the process and the isolating film are as follows: coiling the negative electrode-diaphragm-positive electrode-diaphragm into a battery cell by winding;
2) and assembling and welding the wound battery cell with the top cover shell after hot pressing to complete the battery cell assembly. And finally, the battery core is subjected to processes of liquid injection, formation, exhaust, sealing and the like to finish the manufacture of the battery.
Example 2
Preparing a positive pole piece:
1) taking a ternary material as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, and mixing the above materials according to the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material: carbon black: uniformly stirring and mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (97: 1.5: 1.5) to form anode slurry with solid content of 70%;
2) continuously coating the positive electrode slurry on two sides of an aluminum foil of a positive electrode current collector with the compaction density of 12 mu m to form a positive electrode current collector with the width of 160mm and the compaction densityIs 4.0g/cm3The membrane region of (a);
3) and drying, rolling, die cutting and stripping the positive current collector coated with the diaphragm coating to prepare the positive pole piece.
Preparing a negative pole piece:
1) taking graphite as a negative electrode active substance, styrene butadiene rubber as a binder, carbon black as a conductive agent, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a dispersing agent, and distilled water as a solvent, and mixing the raw materials according to the weight ratio of graphite: styrene-butadiene rubber: carbon black: uniformly stirring and mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose 96.5:1.5:1:1 to form negative electrode slurry with solid content of 45%;
2) using a squeeze coater, adjusting the gap of a squeeze head of the squeeze coater, and continuously coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a negative electrode current collector (copper foil) with a compaction density of 6 μm to form a film coating, as shown in fig. 2, the film coating comprises a first coating area 21 and second coating areas positioned at both sides of the first coating area 21, each side of the first coating area 21 is provided with a second coating area 22 and a second coating area 23, and the compaction density of the first coating area 21 is 1.3g/cm3The second coating zone 22 has a compacted density of 1.4g/cm3The second coating zone 23 has a compacted density of 1.5g/cm3The total width of the film coating is 200mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 21 is 80mm, the width of the second coating zone 22 is 30mm, and the width of the second coating zone 23 is 30 mm;
3) and drying, rolling, die cutting and splitting the negative current collector coated with the diaphragm coating to prepare the negative pole piece.
Preparing a lithium ion battery:
1) the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece prepared according to the process and the isolating film are as follows: coiling the negative electrode-diaphragm-positive electrode-diaphragm into a battery cell by winding;
2) and assembling and welding the wound battery cell with the top cover shell after hot pressing to complete the battery cell assembly. And finally, the battery is manufactured by the processes of liquid injection, formation, exhaust, sealing and the like of the battery core.
Example 3
Preparing a positive pole piece:
1) taking a ternary material as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, and mixing the above materials according to the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material: carbon black: uniformly stirring and mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (96: 2.5: 1.5) to form anode slurry with the solid content of 70%;
2) using a squeeze coater, adjusting the gap of a squeeze head of the squeeze coater, and continuously coating the positive electrode slurry on the surface of a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil) with a compaction density of 12 μm to form a membrane coating, as shown in fig. 1, the membrane coating comprises a first coating area 11 and second coating areas 12 positioned at both sides of the first coating area 11, and the compaction density of the first coating area 11 is 3.8g/cm3The second coating zone 12 had a compacted density of 4.0g/cm3The total width of the film coating is 160mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 11 is 60mm and the width of the second coating zone 12 is 50 mm;
3) and drying, rolling, die cutting and stripping the positive current collector coated with the diaphragm coating to prepare the positive pole piece.
Preparing a negative pole piece:
1) taking graphite as a negative electrode active substance, styrene butadiene rubber as a binder, carbon black as a conductive agent, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a dispersing agent, and distilled water as a solvent, and mixing the raw materials according to the weight ratio of graphite: styrene-butadiene rubber: carbon black: uniformly stirring and mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose 96.5:1.5:1:1 to form negative electrode slurry with solid content of 45%;
2) using a squeeze coater, adjusting the gap of a squeeze head of the squeeze coater, and continuously coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a negative electrode current collector (copper foil) with a compaction density of 6 μm to form a film coating, as shown in fig. 2, the film coating comprises a first coating area 21 and second coating areas positioned at both sides of the first coating area 21, each side of the first coating area 21 is provided with a second coating area 22 and a second coating area 23, and the compaction density of the first coating area 21 is 1.3g/cm3The second coating zone 22 has a compacted density of 1.4g/cm3The second coating zone 23 has a compacted density of 1.5g/cm3The total width of the film coating is 200mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 21 is 80mm and the width of the second coating zone 22 is 80mm30mm, the width of the second coating zone 23 is 30 mm;
3) and drying, rolling, die cutting and splitting the negative current collector coated with the diaphragm coating to prepare the negative pole piece.
Preparing a lithium ion battery:
1) the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece prepared according to the process and the isolating film are as follows: coiling the negative electrode-diaphragm-positive electrode-diaphragm into a battery cell by winding;
2) and assembling and welding the wound battery cell with the top cover shell after hot pressing to complete the battery cell assembly. And finally, the battery is manufactured by the processes of liquid injection, formation, exhaust, sealing and the like of the battery core.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that:
preparing a positive pole piece: lithium cobaltate is used as the positive electrode active material, and the compacted density of the first coating region 11 is 4.0g/cm3The second coating zone 12 had a compacted density of 4.2g/cm3。
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that:
preparing a positive pole piece: lithium iron phosphate is used as a positive electrode active material, and the compacted density of the first coating area 11 is 3.5g/cm3The second coating zone 12 had a compacted density of 3.6g/cm3。
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 in that:
preparing a positive pole piece: the first coating region 11 had a compacted density of 2.7g/cm using lithium manganate as a positive electrode active material3The second coating zone 12 had a compacted density of 3.0g/cm3。
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 7
This example differs from example 1 in that:
preparing a positive pole piece: as shown in FIG. 2, the film sheet coating comprises a first coating region 21 and second coating regions on both sides of the first coating region 21, the first coating region 21 is provided on each side with a second coating region 22 and a second coating region 23, and the first coating region 21 has a compacted density of 3.8g/cm3The second coating zone 22 had a compacted density of 3.9g/cm3The second coating zone 23 had a compacted density of 4.0g/cm3The total width of the film web coating is 160mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 21 is 60mm, the width of the second coating zone 22 is 30mm and the width of the second coating zone 23 is 20 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 8
This example differs from example 1 in that: as shown in fig. 3, the film sheet coating includes a first coating region 31 and second coating regions on both sides of the first coating region 31, the first coating region 31 is provided on each side with a second coating region 32, a second coating region 33 and a second coating region 34, and the first coating region 31 has a compacted density of 3.8g/cm3The second coating zone 32 had a compacted density of 3.9g/cm3The second coating zone 33 had a compacted density of 4.0g/cm3The second coating zone 34 had a compacted density of 3.9g/cm3The total width of the film web coating is 160mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 31 is 60mm, the width of the second coating zone 32 is 15mm, the width of the second coating zone 33 is 20mm and the width of the second coating zone 34 is 15 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 9
This example differs from example 1 in that: as shown in fig. 3, the film sheet coating includes a first coating region 31 and second coating regions on both sides of the first coating region 31, the first coating region 31 is provided on each side with a second coating region 32, a second coating region 33 and a second coating region 34, and the first coating region 31 has a compacted density of 3.8g/cm3The second coating zone 32 has a compacted density of 4.0g/cm3The second coating zone 33 had a compacted density of 3.9g/cm3The second coating zone 34 has a compacted density of 4.0g/cm3The total width of the film coating is 160mm, wherein of the first coating zone 31The width is 60mm, the width of the second coating region 32 is 15mm, the width of the second coating region 33 is 20mm, and the width of the second coating region 34 is 15 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 10
This example differs from example 1 in that:
preparing a positive pole piece: the total width of the film web coating is 160mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 11 is 20mm and the width of the second coating zone 12 is 70 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 11
This example differs from example 1 in that:
preparing a positive pole piece: the total width of the film web coating is 160mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 11 is 80mm and the width of the second coating zone 12 is 40 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 12
This example differs from example 1 in that:
preparing a positive pole piece: the total width of the film web coating is 160mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 11 is 120mm and the width of the second coating zone 12 is 20 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 13
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing a negative pole piece: the first coating region 21 had a compacted density of 0.9g/cm using a mixed material of graphite and silicon/silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material3The second coating zone 22 had a compacted density of 0.95g/cm3The second coating zone 23 has a compacted density of 1.0g/cm3。
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Example 14
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing a negative pole piece: lithium titanate as negative electrodeThe compacted density of the first coating zone is 1.6g/cm3The second coating zone had a compacted density of 1.7g/cm3The second coating zone had a compacted density of 1.8g/cm3。
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Example 15
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing a negative pole piece: as shown in FIG. 1, the film sheet coating comprises a first coating region 11 and second coating regions 12 located on both sides of the first coating region 11, the first coating region 11 having a compacted density of 1.3g/cm3The second coating zone 12 has a compacted density of 1.5g/cm3The total width of the film coating is 200mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 11 is 80mm and the width of the second coating zone 12 is 60 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Example 16
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing a negative pole piece: as shown in fig. 3, the film sheet coating includes a first coating region 31 and second coating regions on both sides of the first coating region 31, the first coating region 31 is provided on each side with a second coating region 32, a second coating region 33 and a second coating region 34, and the first coating region 31 has a compacted density of 1.3g/cm3The second coating zone 32 has a compacted density of 1.4g/cm3The second coating zone 33 has a compacted density of 1.5g/cm3The second coating zone 34 has a compacted density of 1.4g/cm3The total width of the film web coating is 200mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 31 is 80mm, the width of the second coating zone 32 is 20mm, the width of the second coating zone 33 is 20mm and the width of the second coating zone 34 is 20 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Example 17
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing a negative pole piece: as shown in fig. 3, the film coating layer includes a first coating region 31 and second coating regions positioned at both sides of the first coating region 31, each of the first coating regions 31The sides are each provided with a second coating zone 32, a second coating zone 33 and a second coating zone 34, the first coating zone 31 having a compacted density of 1.3g/cm3The second coating zone 32 has a compacted density of 1.5g/cm3The second coating zone 33 has a compacted density of 1.4g/cm3The second coating zone 34 has a compacted density of 1.5g/cm3The total width of the film web coating is 200mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 31 is 80mm, the width of the second coating zone 32 is 20mm, the width of the second coating zone 33 is 20mm and the width of the second coating zone 34 is 20 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Example 18
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing a negative pole piece: the total width of the film web coating is 200mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 21 is 40mm, the width of the second coating zone 22 is 40mm and the width of the second coating zone 23 is 40 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Example 19
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing a negative pole piece: the total width of the film web coating is 200mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 21 is 100mm, the width of the second coating zone 22 is 30mm and the width of the second coating zone 23 is 20 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Example 20
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing a negative pole piece: the total width of the film web coating is 200mm, wherein the width of the first coating zone 21 is 140mm, the width of the second coating zone 22 is 20mm and the width of the second coating zone 23 is 10 mm.
The rest is the same as embodiment 2, and the description is omitted here.
Comparative example
Preparing a positive pole piece:
1) taking a ternary material as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, and mixing the above materials according to the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material: carbon black: uniformly stirring and mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (96: 2.5: 1.5) to form anode slurry with the solid content of 70%;
2) using an extrusion coating machine, adjusting the gap of an extrusion head of the extrusion coating machine, and continuously coating the positive electrode slurry on the surface of a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil) with the compaction density of 12 mu m to form a positive electrode current collector with the width of 160mm and the compaction density of 4.0g/cm3The film coating of (1);
3) and drying, rolling, die cutting and stripping the positive current collector coated with the diaphragm coating to prepare the positive pole piece.
Preparing a negative pole piece:
1) taking graphite as a negative electrode active substance, styrene butadiene rubber as a binder, carbon black as a conductive agent, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a dispersing agent, and distilled water as a solvent, and mixing the raw materials according to the weight ratio of graphite: styrene-butadiene rubber: carbon black: uniformly stirring and mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose (96: 1.5:1.5: 1) to form negative electrode slurry with the solid content of 45%;
2) coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a negative electrode current collector (copper foil) with the compaction density of 6 μm to form a negative electrode current collector with the width of 200mm and the compaction density of 1.5g/cm3The film coating of (1);
3) and drying, rolling, die cutting and stripping the negative current collector coated with the negative film coating to prepare the negative pole piece.
Preparing a lithium ion battery:
1) the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece prepared according to the process and the isolating film are as follows: coiling the negative electrode-diaphragm-positive electrode-diaphragm into a battery cell by winding;
2) and assembling and welding the wound battery cell with the top cover shell after hot pressing to complete the battery cell assembly. And finally, the battery core is subjected to processes of liquid injection, formation, exhaust, sealing and the like to finish the manufacture of the battery.
Performance testing
And (3) carrying out cycle performance test on the lithium ion batteries prepared in the examples 1-20 and the comparative example. Specifically, the test conditions were: under the condition of temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, applying initial pressure of 3000 +/-300N to the battery, charging the battery to 4.3V at the current of 1C, and then discharging the battery to 2.8V at the current of 1C, and cycling the batteries, and recording the capacity retention rate of the battery after 600 weeks and 1000 weeks of cycling. The test results are shown in table 1. In addition, a graph comparing the cycle curves of example 1 and the comparative example is shown in FIG. 4.
TABLE 1 test results
As can be seen from table 1, the utility model provides a diaphragm coating is including the second coating district that is located the first coating district of middle zone and first coating district both sides, and the compaction density in first coating district is less than the compaction density in second coating district, compares in the even structure of diaphragm coating compaction density in traditional pole piece, the utility model discloses a pole piece structure has improved the cycle performance of battery effectively. Specifically, as can be seen from comparison between example 1 and the comparative example, when the middle region of the positive electrode sheet is set as the first coating region having a relatively small compaction density, the capacity retention rate is slightly higher than that of the comparative example at 600 weeks, and when the cycle is 1000 weeks, the capacity retention rate is significantly higher than that of the comparative example. Also, as can be seen from fig. 4, the falling tendency of the cycle curve of example 1 is remarkably slowed down compared to that of the comparative example. That is, when the first coating region having a relatively small compaction density is provided in the middle region of the positive electrode sheet, it is effective in improving the cycle life of the battery. Similarly, as can be seen from the comparison of example 2 with the comparative example, when the middle region of the negative electrode tab is provided as the first coating region having a relatively small compaction density, it is also effective in improving the cycle performance of the battery. In addition, as can be seen from comparison of examples 1 to 3, when the first coating regions with relatively low compaction density are disposed in the middle regions of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, the improvement effect on the cycle performance of the battery is better.
In addition, as can be seen from the comparison of the embodiments 1, 7 to 9, 2 and 15 to 17, when the first coating region is provided with a plurality of second coating regions on one side and the compaction density of the second coating region closer to the first coating region is smaller, the capacity retention rate is higher than that of the second coating region, because the compaction density of the film coating is reasonably adjusted according to the difference of the local liquid absorption capacity of the battery, the problem of local electrolyte shortage of the battery caused by excessive extrusion of the battery due to expansion of the electrode plate is effectively improved, and the cycle performance of the battery is effectively improved. When the plurality of second coating areas are arranged on one side of the first coating area and are distributed among the plurality of coating areas at intervals of compaction density, the cycle performance of the battery can be improved, but the improvement effect is not good as the effect that the compaction density among the plurality of second coating areas is in descending relation.
Besides, as can be seen from the comparison between embodiments 1 and 10 to 12, and between embodiments 2 and 18 to 20, in the scope defined by the present invention, whether it is a positive electrode sheet or a negative electrode sheet, when the width of the first coating region is larger (the ratio of the total width of the film coating is larger), the capacity retention rate is higher, that is, the improvement effect on the cycle performance of the battery is better.
To sum up, the utility model discloses a set up the first coating district that compaction density is less relatively in the middle zone of pole piece to the width and the compaction density in the first coating district of reasonable adjustment and second coating district make more electrolyte can be stored to electric core middle zone, solve and cause naked electric core to receive excessive extrusion electrolyte to be extruded and the not enough problem of local electrolyte appears because of the pole piece inflation, thereby effectively improve the cyclicity performance of battery.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure and teachings of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any obvious modifications, replacements or variations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. A pole piece, including the mass flow body and form the diaphragm coating on at least a surface of the mass flow body, its characterized in that: the film coating includes a first coating region and second coating regions on opposite sides of the first coating region, the second coating regions having a densified density greater than that of the first coating region.
2. The pole piece of claim 1, wherein: the first and second coating zones have a compacted density ratio of 1: (1.001-1.5).
3. The pole piece of claim 1, wherein: at least one side of the first coating area is provided with a plurality of second coating areas, the compaction density of the second coating areas is different, and the compaction density of the second coating areas is smaller when the second coating areas are closer to the first coating area.
4. The pole piece of claim 1, wherein: at least one side of the first coating area is provided with a plurality of second coating areas, the second coating area with higher compaction density is arranged between two adjacent second coating areas with lower compaction density, or the second coating area with lower compaction density is arranged between two adjacent second coating areas with higher compaction density.
5. The pole piece of claim 1, wherein: the first coating area has a compacted density of 5-95% of the compacted density of the film coating.
6. The pole piece of claim 1, wherein: the first coating area has a compacted density of 0.9-4.7 g/cm3The second coatingThe compacted density of the region is 1.0-4.8 cm3。
7. The utility model provides an electricity core, includes positive plate, negative pole piece and interval in positive plate with diaphragm between the negative pole piece which characterized in that: at least one of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet is the electrode sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The cell of claim 7, wherein: the diaphragm comprises a substrate and a functional coating formed on at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the functional coating comprises a coating area a and coating areas b positioned on two sides of the coating area a, and the compacted density of the coating areas b is greater than that of the coating area a.
9. The cell of claim 7, wherein: the battery cell is a winding battery cell or a laminated battery cell.
10. The utility model provides a battery, includes casing and encapsulates in the inside electric core of casing which characterized in that: the cell is the cell of claim 7.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111540910A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-14 | 江苏塔菲尔新能源科技股份有限公司 | Pole piece, battery core and battery |
| CN112635717A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-09 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Pole piece, battery and manufacturing method of pole piece |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111540910A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-14 | 江苏塔菲尔新能源科技股份有限公司 | Pole piece, battery core and battery |
| CN112635717A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-09 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Pole piece, battery and manufacturing method of pole piece |
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