CN209044062U - For measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile - Google Patents
For measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN209044062U CN209044062U CN201821664045.9U CN201821664045U CN209044062U CN 209044062 U CN209044062 U CN 209044062U CN 201821664045 U CN201821664045 U CN 201821664045U CN 209044062 U CN209044062 U CN 209044062U
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of for measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile, the laser radar system isolates the first spectral line group for temperature retrieval and the second spectral line group for humidity retrieval using light-splitting processing device from focus signal, and then temperature profile and moisture profile are finally inversed by according to first spectral line group and the second spectral line group, that is, it realizes and is measured while temperature profile and moisture profile；Furthermore, by adjusting photoelectric processing device sample frequency and guarantee that it can acquire enough returned photon numbers within the unit sampling time, the system can be according to preset spatial resolution temperature collection and humidity data, to realize that high-spatial and temporal resolution measures temperature humidity profile.
Description
Technical field
It is this application involves laser radar technique field, in particular to a kind of for measuring the laser radar of temperature humidity profile
System.
Background technique
Human survival in atmospheric boundary layer, atmosphere change in time and space Real Time Effect the normal life of the mankind.The temperature of atmosphere
Degree and humidity are characterization most important two parameters of atmosphere dynamic and thermodynamic structure physical state.It is obtained with high-spatial and temporal resolution big
The temperature and humidity parameter of gas, and then establish accurate Atmospheric models as benchmark, to synoptic analysis forecast, Contamination Evolution,
Climatic study, military mission guarantee etc. have great importance and are worth.
The traditional technology method for detecting boundary layer atmospheric temperature moisture profile is meteorological gradient tower method and radiosonde
Method.Meteorological gradient tower method arranges temperature and moisture sensors by high uniformity on tower, so that it is below to obtain tower height in real time
Temperature and humidity data, however this detection method is limited by tower height, detection altitude range is typically not greater than hundred meters.Radio
Sonde method is using the sounding balloon for being equipped with sensing element, conversion circuit, code device, radio transmitter, to atmosphere
Temperature and humidity is detected, and sounding balloon is influenced that preset ascending path can be deviateed by wind during rising,
The offset for generating position, thus will lead between detection data and actual position profile that there is a certain error, and from economy
Angle considers, is difficult to realize type discharge ball, and the temporal resolution of temperature and humidity data acquisition is lower.
Therefore, now urgently it is a kind of can be realized high-spatial and temporal resolution measurement temperature humidity profile system.
Utility model content
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, this application provides a kind of for measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile
System can be realized with the temperature humidity profile of high-spatial and temporal resolution measurement atmosphere.
The embodiment of the present application discloses following technical solution:
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of for measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile, the system packet
It includes: laser, laser beam expander, receiving telescope, optical fiber, light-splitting processing device and photoelectric processing device；
The laser beam expander, the laser for issuing to the laser carry out expanding processing, and generation is sent to atmosphere
Transmitting light beam；
The receiving telescope, the scatter echo signal generated for receiving the transmitting light beam and atmospheric interaction,
The scatter echo signal focus is generated into focus signal in the corresponding focal zone of mirror surface of the receiving telescope；
The optical fiber, for the focus signal to be transmitted to the light-splitting processing device；
The light-splitting processing device, for isolating the first spectral line group and use for temperature retrieval from the focus signal
In the second spectral line group of humidity retrieval；
The photoelectric processing device, for first spectral line group and second spectral line group to be uploaded to Inversion Software, with
Complete the Inversion Software to temperature profile and moisture profile Inversion Calculation.
Optionally, the laser is the Nd:YAG pulse laser of ultraviolet band, and the laser uses the hair of 355nm
Ejected wave is long.
Optionally, the light-splitting processing device includes: primary spectrophotometric unit, double grating spectrophotometric unit and single grating beam splitting list
Member；
The primary spectrophotometric unit, for isolating the pure rotary Raman letter for temperature sensing from the focus signal
Number and for humidity detection vibration rotary Raman signal；
The double grating spectrophotometric unit exports first spectral line for handling the pure rotary Raman signal
Group；
The monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit exports second spectrum for handling the vibration rotary Raman signal
Line group.
Optionally, the cutoff wavelength of the primary spectrophotometric unit is 364nm；
The linear dispersion of the double grating spectrophotometric unit is 0.54nm/mm；
The linear dispersion of the monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit is 1.38nm/mm.
Optionally, the photoelectric processing device is also used to:
By the way of photon counting and analog acquisition, the spatial discrimination of the temperature profile and the moisture profile is set
Rate.
Optionally, the receiving telescope includes: the first receiving telescope and the second receiving telescope；
First receiving telescope, for receiving the scatter echo signal, by the scatter echo signal focus in
The corresponding focal zone of mirror surface of first receiving telescope generates the first focus signal；The mirror of first receiving telescope
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the corresponding focal zone in face and first receiving telescope is arranged to that overlay region is not present
Domain；The scatter echo signal range of receiving of first receiving telescope is arranged to exist with the range of exposures of the transmitting light beam
There are overlapping regions in low latitude；
Second receiving telescope, for receiving the scatter echo signal, by the scatter echo signal focus in
The corresponding focal zone of mirror surface of second receiving telescope generates the second focus signal；Second receiving telescope dissipates
Penetrate echo-signal range of receiving be arranged to it is described transmitting light beam range of exposures in high-altitude, there are overlapping regions；
Then the optical fiber includes: the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber；
First optical fiber is used for transmission first focus signal to the light-splitting processing device；
Second optical fiber is used for transmission second focus signal to the light-splitting processing device.
Optionally, the bore of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope is less than the mouth of the mirror surface of second receiving telescope
Diameter；
Horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam
For the first pre-determined distance；First pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope；
Horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of second receiving telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam
For the second pre-determined distance；Second pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of second receiving telescope；It is described
First pre-determined distance is less than second pre-determined distance.
Optionally, when first receiving telescope has multiple, first receiving telescope includes that at least one is blind
Area's telescope and at least one near field telescope；The bore of the mirror surface of the blind area telescope is less than the mirror of the near field telescope
The bore in face；
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the blind area telescope and the range of exposures of the transmitting light beam are blind in low latitude
Area there are overlapping region, between the center of the mirror surface of the blind area telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam it is horizontal away from
From for third pre-determined distance, the third pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the blind area telescope；
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the near field telescope and the range of exposures of the transmitting light beam are close in low latitude
There are overlapping region, between the center of the mirror surface of the near field telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam it is horizontal away from
From for the 4th pre-determined distance, the 4th pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the near field telescope；Described
Three pre-determined distances are less than the 4th pre-determined distance；
When second receiving telescope has multiple, second receiving telescope includes at least one midfield telescope
With at least one far field telescope；The bore of the mirror surface of the midfield telescope is less than the mouth of the mirror surface of the far field telescope
Diameter；
The range of exposures of the scatter echo signal range of receiving of the midfield telescope and the transmitting light beam is high aerial
There are overlapping region, between the center of the mirror surface of the midfield telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam it is horizontal away from
From for the 5th pre-determined distance, the 5th pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the midfield telescope；
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the far field telescope and the range of exposures of the transmitting light beam are remote in high-altitude
There are overlapping region, between the center of the mirror surface of the far field telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam it is horizontal away from
From for the 6th pre-determined distance, the 6th pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the far field telescope；Described
Five pre-determined distances are less than the 6th pre-determined distance.
Optionally, the blind area telescope is cemented doublet, and the near field telescope is off-axis parabolic reflecting mirror；It is described
Midfield telescope and the far field telescope are parabolic mirror.
Optionally, the bore of the blind area telescope is 12.5mm, and the third pre-determined distance is 70mm；
The bore of the near field telescope is 50mm, and the 4th pre-determined distance is 90mm；
The bore of the midfield telescope is 200mm, and the 5th pre-determined distance is 180mm；
The bore of the far field telescope is 500mm, and the 6th pre-determined distance is 330mm.
It is provided by the embodiments of the present application for measuring the laser thunder of temperature humidity profile it can be seen from above-mentioned technical proposal
It include laser, laser beam expander, receiving telescope, optical fiber, light-splitting processing device and photoelectric processing device up to system；Wherein, laser
Device is used to carry out expanding processing to the laser that laser emits for emitting laser, laser beam expander, and generation is sent to atmosphere
Emit light beam, the transmitting light beam and atmospheric interaction generate scatter echo signal；Receiving telescope receives dissipating from atmosphere
Echo-signal is penetrated, and received scatter echo signal focus is generated into focus signal in the corresponding focal zone of mirror surface of itself；Light
The focus signal is transmitted to light-splitting processing device by fibre, which correspondingly isolates from focus signal anti-for temperature
The first spectral line group and the second spectral line group drilled；In turn, first spectral line group and the second spectral line group are uploaded to instead by photoelectric processing device
Software is drilled, so that Inversion Software completes the inverting to temperature profile and moisture profile according to first spectral line group and the second spectral line group
It calculates.
Above-mentioned laser radar system isolates the first spectrum for temperature retrieval using light-splitting processing device from focus signal
Line group and the second spectral line group for humidity retrieval, and then temperature profile is finally inversed by according to first spectral line group and the second spectral line group
And moisture profile, that is, it realizes and is measured while temperature profile and moisture profile；In addition, by adjusting the sampling frequency of photoelectric processing device
Rate and guarantee that it can acquire enough returned photon numbers within the unit sampling time, which can be according to preset space
Resolution acquisition temperature and humidity data, to realize that high-spatial and temporal resolution measures temperature humidity profile.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of application without any creative labor, may be used also for those of ordinary skill in the art
To obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of structure for measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of primary spectrophotometric unit provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of double grating spectrophotometric unit provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 5 is provided by the embodiments of the present application another for measuring the structure of the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile
Schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand application scheme, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present application
Attached drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only this
Apply for a part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art exist
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
The description and claims of this application and term " first ", " second ", " third ", " in above-mentioned attached drawing
The (if present)s such as four " are to be used to distinguish similar objects, without being used to describe a particular order or precedence order.It should manage
The data that solution uses in this way are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so as to embodiments herein described herein can in addition to
Here the sequence other than those of diagram or description is implemented.In addition, term " includes " and " having " and their any deformation,
Be intended to cover it is non-exclusive include, for example, containing the process, method of a series of steps or units, system, product or setting
It is standby those of to be not necessarily limited to be clearly listed step or unit, but may include be not clearly listed or for these mistakes
The intrinsic other step or units of journey, method, product or equipment.
Through applicants have found that, it is in the prior art for measuring temperature profile and the system of moisture profile generally cannot
Enough with high-spatial and temporal resolution, realizes in gamut and measured while temperature profile and moisture profile.
In order to solve above-mentioned the technical problems existing in the prior art, this application provides one kind for measuring temperature humidity
The laser radar system of profile, the laser radar system can be realized with high-spatial and temporal resolution while measuring temperature profile humidity exterior feature
Line.
Below by the mode of embodiment to provided by the present application for measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile
It is introduced.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of atmospheric remote sensing laser radar system provided by the embodiments of the present application.This is big
Gas remote sensing laser radar system includes: laser 101, laser beam expander 102, receiving telescope 103, optical fiber 104, light-splitting processing
Device 105 and photoelectric processing device 106.
The laser that laser 101 issues generates the transmitting light beam for being sent to atmosphere after the processing of laser beam expander 102, should
Scatter echo signal is generated after emitting light beam and atmospheric interaction.
Since the laser irradiation that laser 101 issues is limited in scope, usually using laser beam expander 102 to laser
The laser that device 101 issues generates the biggish transmitting light beam of range of exposures, the transmitting light beam and atmospheric interaction into processing is expanded
Scatter echo signal will be generated afterwards.
It should be noted that since the location of laser 101 is not usually in the underface of laser beam expander 102, i.e.,
The actually located position of laser 101 may usually not can guarantee the Laser emission of itself generation to laser beam expander directly
102, therefore, usually it is also possible to that electronic mirror holder is arranged in the lower section of laser beam expander 102, to set the anti-of installing using electronic mirror holder
The optical path that mirror changes the laser that laser 101 generates is penetrated, by Laser emission into laser beam expander 102.
It should be noted that usually being selected to guarantee measure temperature and humidity profile in day and night
It uses Nd:YAG pulse laser as the laser 101 in laser radar system provided by the embodiments of the present application, and it is set
Launch wavelength is 355nm.Since 355nm wavelength is that ultraviolet band has the characteristics that day is blind, i.e., the 355nm noise light in the atmospheric background
Signal can reduce the ambient noise signal of daytime observation by atmosphere basic absorption, therefore, realize at night and daytime
Temperature and humidity profile can be measured.
When specific implementation, 1064nm can be set by the fundamental wavelength of Nd:YAG pulse laser, emitted after frequency tripling
The transmitted wave that pulse energy is 200mJ, wavelength is 355nm.It is of course also possible to use other modes emit laser 101
The transmitted wave of ultraviolet band does not do any restriction to the specific acquisition modes of transmitted wave herein.
Above-mentioned laser beam expander 103 can be to constitute Galileo structure by two vitreous silica lens, and expanding multiple can
To be configured according to actual needs, it can will usually expand multiple and be set as 10.Laser 10 issue launch wavelength from swash
The concave mirror of light beam expander 103 is injected, and is exported from the aspherical plano lens of laser beam expander 103, and two lens are coated with and subtract
Anti- film expands efficiency with improve beam expander.
Scatter echo signal is generated after emitting light beam and atmospheric interaction, receiving telescope 103 is next arrogant for receiving
The scatter echo signal of gas, and itself received scatter echo signal focus is generated poly- in the focal zone of receiving telescope 103
Burnt signal.
In order to guarantee that scatter echo signal, receiving telescope generally include receiving telescope 103 with capable of receiving gamut
First receiving telescope and the second receiving telescope.Wherein, the first receiving telescope is for receiving the scatter echo from low latitude
Signal, and by itself received scatter echo signal focus in the corresponding focal zone of mirror surface of the first receiving telescope generates the
One focus signal；The scattering of the corresponding mirror surface of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope corresponding focal zone and the first receiving telescope
Overlapping region is not present in echo signal reception range, and the scatter echo signal range of receiving and laser of first receiving telescope expand
There are overlapping regions in low latitude for the range of exposures for the transmitting light beam that beam device 102 generates.
It should be noted that in order to guarantee that the first receiving telescope can receive the scatter echo signal from low latitude,
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of first receiving telescope, which needs to exist with the range of exposures of transmitting light beam in low latitude, to be overlapped
Region.Low latitude herein is commonly referred to as the range of atmosphere 5m to 300m.Due to the mirror surface pair of first receiving telescope 203
There is no overlapping regions for the scatter echo signal range of receiving of the focal zone answered and first receiving telescope 203, i.e., this first
Receiving telescope 203 finally focuses the scatter echo letter that the first aggregation signal generated is not at first receiving telescope 203
In number range of receiving, correspondingly, no setting is required receives model in scatter echo signal for device for receiving first focus signal
In enclosing, thus, there is no any parts to block the generation of the first receiving telescope received scatter echo signal, correspondingly, should
First receiving telescope can be efficiently received the scatter echo signal from low latitude.
In order to guarantee that the first receiving telescope can be efficiently received the scatter echo signal from low latitude, usually by
One receiving telescope is put into before practical application, and the measurement of correlation parameter of the first receiving telescope is first arranged according to actual needs,
The distance between launching centre such as the bore of the first receiving telescope, the first receiving telescope and transmitting light beam, first receive
The optical axis of the received field of telescope, the field of view of receiver angle of the first receiving telescope and the first receiving telescope and transmitting light beam
Angle etc. between optical axis, calculates the geometric overlap factor of first receiving telescope according to these parameters, and by the geometry weight
The folded factor substitutes into laser radar equation, calculates first receiving telescope in the scatter echo signal receiving strength of different height.
If first receiving telescope within the scope of low latitude scatter echo signal receiving strength coincidence measurement requirement, using this first
Receiving telescope receives the scatter echo signal from low latitude；Conversely, if first receiving telescope dissipating within the scope of low latitude
It is emitted back towards wave signal receiving strength and does not meet measurement request, then change the measurement of correlation parameter of first receiving telescope, continue to see
Survey first receiving telescope can coincidence measurement requirement, until the measurement of correlation parameter of the first receiving telescope enables to this
After first receiving telescope coincidence measurement requires, according to these the first receiving telescopes of measurement of correlation parameter setting.
Scatter echo signal is generated after emitting light beam and atmosphere interaction, the second receiving telescope is for receiving from high
Empty scatter echo signal, and itself received scatter echo signal focus is corresponding poly- in the mirror surface of the second receiving telescope
Jiao Qu generates the second focus signal.The scatter echo signal range of receiving and laser beam expander 102 of second receiving telescope produce
There are overlapping regions in high-altitude for the range of exposures of raw transmitting light beam.
It should be noted that in order to guarantee that the second receiving telescope can receive the scatter echo signal from high-altitude,
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of second receiving telescope, which needs to exist with the range of exposures of transmitting light beam in high-altitude, to be overlapped
Region.High-altitude herein is commonly referred to as the range of atmosphere 120m to 3000m.
In order to guarantee that the second receiving telescope can be efficiently received the scatter echo signal from low latitude, usually by
Two receiving telescopes are put into before practical application, by it is above-mentioned test the first receiving telescope to be come into operation in the way of to the
Two receiving telescopes are tested.Specifically, the measurement of correlation parameter of the second receiving telescope is first arranged according to actual needs, such as
The distance between launching centre of the bore of second receiving telescope, the second receiving telescope and transmitting light beam, second, which receive, to be hoped
The optical axis of the remote received field of mirror, the field of view of receiver angle of the second receiving telescope and the second receiving telescope and the light of transmitting light beam
Angle etc. between axis calculates the geometric overlap factor of second receiving telescope according to these parameters, and the geometry is overlapped
The factor substitutes into laser radar equation, calculates second receiving telescope in the scatter echo signal receiving strength of different height.If
Scatter echo signal receiving strength coincidence measurement requirement of second receiving telescope within the scope of high-altitude, then second connect using this
It receives telescope and receives the scatter echo signal from high-altitude；Conversely, if the scattering of second receiving telescope within the scope of high-altitude
Echo signal reception intensity does not meet measurement request, then changes the measurement of correlation parameter of second receiving telescope, continue to observe
Second receiving telescope can coincidence measurement requirement, until the measurement of correlation parameter of the second receiving telescope enable to this
After two receiving telescope coincidence measurements require, according to these the second receiving telescopes of measurement of correlation parameter setting.
Correspondingly, optical fiber 104 includes the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber；Wherein, the first optical fiber is for collectiong focusing in first
First focus signal of the focal zone of receiving telescope, and first focus signal is transmitted to light-splitting processing device 105；Second light
Fibre is transmitted to for collectiong focusing in the second focus signal of the focal zone of the second receiving telescope, and by second focus signal
Light-splitting processing device 105.
After light-splitting processing device 105 receives the focus signal of the transmission of optical fiber 104, isolated from the focus signal for temperature
The first spectral line group and the second spectral line group for humidity retrieval for spending inverting, and by the first spectral line group isolated and the second spectral line
Group is transmitted to photoelectric processing device 106.
It should be understood that when receiving telescope includes the first receiving telescope and the second receiving telescope, light-splitting processing device 105
The first focus signal from the first receiving telescope, and the second focus signal from the second receiving telescope are received, and
Light-splitting processing is carried out to the first focus signal and the second focus signal.
Specifically, light-splitting processing device includes: primary spectrophotometric unit, double grating spectrophotometric unit and monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit.Its
In, primary spectrophotometric unit is used to isolate the pure rotation drawing for temperature sensing from the focus signal that light-splitting processing device receives
Graceful signal and the vibration rotary Raman signal detected for humidity.
As shown in Fig. 2, as a kind of structural schematic diagram of illustrative primary spectrophotometric unit.The primary spectrophotometric unit is by two
Near ultraviolet achromatic lens 201 and 202 and one long logical edge filter 203 form；Wherein, long logical edge filter
203 cutoff wavelength can be set to 364nm, by the pure rotary Raman signal for being used for temperature sensing and can be used for humidity
The vibration rotary Raman Signal separator of detection；The wave-length coverage of pure rotary Raman signal for temperature sensing is 355 ± 2nm,
Nitrogen N for humidity detection2Vibration rotary Raman signal wavelength be 387nm, water H2The vibration rotary Raman signal wavelength of O
For 407nm；The output end of primary spectrophotometric unit is respectively the output optical fiber 204 and 205, and the output optical fiber 204 is temperature channel, defeated
It is used for the pure rotary Raman signal of temperature sensing out, the output optical fiber 205 to be humidity channel, vibration of the output for humidity detection
Rotary Raman signal, i.e. N2Vibration rotary Raman signal and H2The vibration rotary Raman signal of O.In order to guarantee preferably to separate
Effect, the cutoff wavelength of the primary spectrophotometric unit are normally provided as 364nm, i.e., the cutoff wavelength of long logical edge filter 203
It is arranged to 364nm.
Wherein, double grating spectrophotometric unit exports the first spectral line group for handling pure rotary Raman signal；I.e. double light
Grid spectrophotometric unit is for handling the pure rotary Raman signal for temperature sensing that temperature channel exports, and output is for anti-
Drill the first spectral line group of temperature profile.
As shown in figure 3, as a kind of structural schematic diagram of illustrative double grating spectrophotometric unit.The double grating spectrophotometric unit
It is made of two identical achromatic doublets 301 and two identical balzed grating,s 302；The double grating spectrophotometric unit
Input is temperature channel 204, after the achromatic doublet 301 of Fig. 3 top half and balzed grating, 302 are handled, is obtained
The Stokes signal and Anti-Stokes signal of low frequency, the Stokes signal of high frequency and Anti-Stokes signal and elasticity
Signal 305；Using the achromatic doublet 301 and balzed grating, 302 of the lower half portion Fig. 3, the Stokes of low frequency is believed
Number and the Stokes signal and Anti-Stokes signal of Anti-Stokes signal and high frequency carry out coupling processing respectively, obtain
The pure rotary Raman signal 303 of high frequency and the pure rotary Raman signal 304 of low frequency after to coupling；The final double grating spectrophotometric unit is defeated
The pure rotary Raman signal 303 of high frequency, the pure rotary Raman signal 304 of low frequency and elastomer signal 305 out.
It should be noted that above-mentioned double grating spectrophotometric unit usually selects two identical achromatic doublets 301
Identical grating 302 forms with two, and linear dispersion 0.54nm/mm works in first-order diffraction.Achromatic doublet
301 for collimating and being imaged, and grating 302 works in the confocal face form of input and output.
Wherein, monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit is used to handle vibration rotary Raman signal, exports the second spectral line group；It is i.e. single
Grating beam splitting unit be used for primary spectrophotometric unit humidity channel export for humidity detect vibration rotary Raman signal into
Row processing, output are used for the second spectral line group of inverting moisture profile.
As shown in figure 4, as a kind of structural schematic diagram of illustrative monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit.The monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit
It is made of an achromatic doublet 401 and a balzed grating, 402, linear dispersion 1.38nm/mm, work
In second-order diffraction.For achromatic doublet 401 for collimating and being imaged, grating 402 works in the confocal face form of input and output.
The input of the monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit is humidity channel 205, i.e. N2Vibration rotary Raman signal and H2The vibration rotary Raman of O
Signal exports to vibrate rotary Raman signal 403 and steam vibration rotary Raman signal 404 for the nitrogen of humidity retrieval.By
This, can calculate the humidity of atmosphere according to the ratio of nitrogen and the vibration rotary Raman signal of steam by way of calibration.
Thus the pure rotary Raman signal of high frequency double grating spectrophotometric unit exported, the pure rotary Raman signal of low frequency and elasticity
Signal, as the first spectral line group, by the nitrogen vibration rotary Raman signal of monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit input and steam vibration rotation
Raman signal is input to photoelectric processing device 106 as the second spectral line group.
First spectral line group and the second spectral line group are uploaded to Inversion Software by photoelectric processing device 106, and correspondingly, Inversion Software is
The Inversion Calculation to temperature profile and moisture profile can be completed according to first spectral line group and the second spectral line group.The photoelectric processing device
106 are usually made of photoelectric detection unit and data acquisition unit, and wherein photoelectric detection unit by multichannel photomultiplier tube and is put
Big device composition, is usually made of 10 road photomultiplier tubes and amplifier；Data acquisition unit is completed signal in a particular manner and is adopted
Data are uploaded to Inversion Software, to complete the Inversion Calculation of temperature profile and moisture profile by collection.
It should be noted that in order to guarantee the spatial resolution of temperature profile and moisture profile that final inverting obtains compared with
Height, above-mentioned data acquisition unit generally use the mode of photon counting and analog acquisition, and temperature profile and moisture profile is arranged
Spatial resolution.In order to make temperature profile and moisture profile reach preset spatial resolution, data acquisition unit is generally required
Meet following two condition, first is that data acquisition unit there are enough sample frequencys, and second is the energy within the unit sampling time
Enough returned photon numbers samples are enough acquired, the required precision of statistics is reached and meet.
By taking need spatial resolution to be achieved is 5m as an example, from the time t for transmitting a light beam to reception scatter echo signal are as follows:
T=2d/c=2*5/ (3*108)=3.33 × 10-8s
Correspondingly, analog signal sample frequency are as follows:
F=1/t=30MHz
In order to which enough returned photon numbers samples can be acquired within the unit sampling time, reach and meet the precision of statistics
It is required that monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit four pure rotational Raman scattering spectral lines of separation and Extraction, the respectively Stokes signal of low frequency, low
The Anti-Stokes signal of the Anti-Stokes signal of frequency, the Stokes signal of high frequency and high frequency, by the symmetrical of low amounts subnumber
Signal is combined into a channel:
The symmetric signal of high quantum number is combined into a channel:
Wherein, N2 subscript indicates that nitrogen, O2 subscript indicate oxygen；N indicates signal value；Subscript indicates low amounts subnumber channel；
+ subscript indicates high quantum number channel；Δ v indicates Raman frequency shift.
It realizes to receive within the unit time and handles double returned photon numbers, the pure rotation of temperature merged in two channels is drawn
The relational expression of graceful scattering spectral line is as follows:
N[-]=n[-]Δt,
N[+]=n[+]Δt,
Wherein, the Δ t cumulative time.
In order to meet statistical accuracy requirement, in cumulative time Δ t, the height quantum number channel of following temperature sensing is realized
Signal ratio.
Wherein, KiFor system factor, βiFor Raman backscattering coefficient, α (vi, x) and it is that the atmosphere that frequency is v at x height disappears
Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio.
After data acquisition unit is in the manner described above handled the signal of light-splitting processing device output, processing is obtained
Data are uploaded to Inversion Software, so that Inversion Software completes the Inversion Calculation of temperature profile and moisture profile.
Above-mentioned laser radar system isolates the first spectrum for temperature retrieval using light-splitting processing device from focus signal
Line group and the second spectral line group for humidity retrieval, and then temperature profile is finally inversed by according to first spectral line group and the second spectral line group
And moisture profile, that is, it realizes and is measured while temperature profile and moisture profile；In addition, by adjusting the sampling frequency of photoelectric processing device
Rate and guarantee that it can acquire enough returned photon numbers within the unit sampling time, which can be according to preset space
Resolution acquisition temperature and humidity data, to realize that high-spatial and temporal resolution measures temperature humidity profile.
It should be noted that in order to guarantee that above-mentioned first receiving telescope can be efficiently received being scattered back from low latitude
Wave signal, and first receiving telescope is enabled to receive scatter echo signal in range as big as possible guarantees the
Overlapping region between the range of receiving of one receiving telescope and the range of exposures for emitting light beam is as big as possible, usually selection bore
Lesser telescope by the center of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope and emits light beam as the first receiving telescope
Horizontal distance between launching centre is set as the first pre-determined distance, and first pre-determined distance is smaller, however, to ensure that first
Receiving telescope does not block transmitting light beam, which is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the first receiving telescope.
In order to guarantee that above-mentioned second receiving telescope can be efficiently received the scatter echo signal from high-altitude, and make
Second receiving telescope can guarantee connecing for the second receiving telescope in range reception scatter echo signal as big as possible
The overlapping region received between range and the range of exposures for emitting light beam is as big as possible, usually chooses the biggish telescope conduct of bore
Second receiving telescope, the bore of the mirror surface of second receiving telescope are greater than the bore of the mirror surface of the first receiving telescope；And
And second is set by the horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of second receiving telescope and the launching centre of transmitting light beam
Pre-determined distance, second pre-determined distance is larger, and greater than the half of the bore of the second receiving telescope, which is greater than
First pre-determined distance.
Under normal conditions, above-mentioned first receiving telescope can have one, can also have multiple；Analogously, above-mentioned
Two receiving telescopes can have one, can also have multiple.
When the first receiving telescope has multiple, in these first receiving telescopes include at least one blind area telescope and
At least one near field telescope.Since the range of the lower space of silence is less than the range in low latitude near field, blind area is hoped under normal conditions
The bore of the mirror surface of remote mirror is less than the bore of the mirror surface of near field telescope.
In order to guarantee that blind area telescope can receive the scatter echo signal from the lower space of silence, blind area telescope dissipates
Penetrate echo-signal range of receiving need with transmitting light beam range of exposures in the lower space of silence, there are overlapping region, the blind area telescopes
Mirror surface center and emit light beam launching centre between horizontal distance be normally provided as third pre-determined distance, the third
Pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of above-mentioned blind area telescope.The range of blind area is commonly referred to as atmosphere 5m herein
To the range of 40m.
In order to guarantee that near field telescope can receive the scatter echo signal from low latitude near field, near field telescope dissipates
Penetrate echo-signal range of receiving need with transmitting light beam range of exposures in low latitude near field, there are overlapping region, the near field telescopes
Mirror surface center and emit light beam launching centre between horizontal distance be normally provided as the 4th pre-determined distance, the 4th
Pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of above-mentioned near field telescope, and is greater than above-mentioned third pre-determined distance.Near field herein
Range be commonly referred to as the range of atmosphere 30m to 300m.
It should be noted that the mirror surface of above-mentioned blind area telescope generallys use cemented doublet, above-mentioned near field telescope
Mirror surface generallys use off-axis parabolic reflecting mirror.
The blind area telescope is cemented doublet, and the near field telescope is off-axis parabolic reflecting mirror.Experiment shows will
The bore of the mirror surface of above-mentioned blind area telescope is set as 12.5mm, sets 70mm for third pre-determined distance, by near field telescope
Bore be set as 50mm, when setting 90mm for the 4th pre-determined distance, the reception of the scatter echo signal from low latitude
Preferably.
When the second receiving telescope has multiple, in these second receiving telescopes include at least one midfield telescope and
At least one far field telescope.Since the range of high-altitude midfield is less than the range in high-altitude far field, midfield is hoped under normal conditions
The bore of the mirror surface of remote mirror is less than the bore of the mirror surface of far field telescope.
In order to guarantee that midfield telescope can receive the scatter echo signal from high-altitude midfield, midfield telescope dissipates
Penetrate echo-signal range of receiving need with transmitting light beam range of exposures in high-altitude midfield, there are overlapping region, the midfield telescopes
Mirror surface center and emit light beam launching centre between horizontal distance be normally provided as the 5th pre-determined distance, the 5th
Pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of above-mentioned midfield telescope.The range of midfield is commonly referred to as atmosphere herein
The range of 120m to 1100m.
In order to guarantee that far field telescope can receive the scatter echo signal from high-altitude far field, far field telescope dissipates
Penetrate echo-signal range of receiving need with transmitting light beam range of exposures in high-altitude far field, there are overlapping region, the far field telescopes
Mirror surface center and emit light beam launching centre between horizontal distance be normally provided as the 6th pre-determined distance, the 6th
Pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of above-mentioned far field telescope, and is greater than above-mentioned 5th pre-determined distance.Near field herein
Range be commonly referred to as the range of atmosphere 500m to 3000m.
The midfield telescope and the far field telescope are usually parabolic mirror.Experiment shows will among the above
The bore of the mirror surface of field telescope is set as 200mm, 180mm is set by the 5th pre-determined distance, by the bore of far field telescope
Be set as 500mm, when setting 3300mm for the 6th pre-determined distance, the reception of the scatter echo signal from high-altitude compared with
It is good.
Referring to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is provided by the embodiments of the present application for measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile again
One structural schematic diagram.As shown in figure 5, including above-mentioned blind area telescope, near field telescope, midfield telescope and far field in the system
Telescope, each telescope is each responsible for receiving the scatter echo signal from atmosphere different height, and its own is received
Scatter echo signal light-splitting processing device is transmitted to by itself corresponding optical fiber, light-splitting processing device generates the first spectral line group and the
After two spectral line groups, then the first spectral line group and the second spectral line group be transmitted to photoelectric processing device, photoelectric processing device is composed described first
Line group and second spectral line group are uploaded to Inversion Software, so that Inversion Software completion is anti-to temperature profile and moisture profile
Drill calculating.
It should be noted that all the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment it
Between same and similar part may refer to each other, each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
For equipment and system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so describe fairly simple,
The relevent part can refer to the partial explaination of embodiments of method.Equipment and system embodiment described above is only schematic
, wherein unit may or may not be physically separated as illustrated by the separation member, it is shown as a unit
Component may or may not be physical unit, it can and it is in one place, or may be distributed over multiple networks
On unit.Some or all of the modules therein can be selected to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment according to the actual needs.
Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without creative efforts.
The above, only a kind of specific embodiment of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto,
Within the technical scope of the present application, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
Should all it cover within the scope of protection of this application.Therefore, the protection scope of the application should be with scope of protection of the claims
Subject to.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of for measuring the laser radar system of temperature humidity profile, which is characterized in that the system comprises: laser,
Laser beam expander, receiving telescope, optical fiber, light-splitting processing device and photoelectric processing device；
The laser beam expander, the laser for issuing to the laser carry out expanding processing, generate the hair for being sent to atmosphere
Irradiating light beam；
The receiving telescope, the scatter echo signal generated for receiving the transmitting light beam and atmospheric interaction, by institute
It states scatter echo signal focus and generates focus signal in the corresponding focal zone of mirror surface of the receiving telescope；
The optical fiber, for the focus signal to be transmitted to the light-splitting processing device；
The light-splitting processing device, for being isolated from the focus signal for the first spectral line group of temperature retrieval and for wet
Spend the second spectral line group of inverting；
The photoelectric processing device, for first spectral line group and second spectral line group to be uploaded to Inversion Software, so that institute
Inversion Software is stated to complete to temperature profile and moisture profile Inversion Calculation.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser is the Nd:YAG pulse laser of ultraviolet band
Device, the laser use the launch wavelength of 355nm.
3. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light-splitting processing device includes: primary spectrophotometric unit, double light
Grid spectrophotometric unit and monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit；
It is described primary spectrophotometric unit, for isolated from the focus signal for temperature sensing pure rotary Raman signal and
Vibration rotary Raman signal for humidity detection；
The double grating spectrophotometric unit exports first spectral line group for handling the pure rotary Raman signal；
The monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit exports second spectral line group for handling the vibration rotary Raman signal.
4. system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the cutoff wavelength of the primary spectrophotometric unit is 364nm；
The linear dispersion of the double grating spectrophotometric unit is 0.54nm/mm；
The linear dispersion of the monochromatic light grid spectrophotometric unit is 1.38nm/mm.
5. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photoelectric processing device is also used to:
By the way of photon counting and analog acquisition, the spatial resolution of the temperature profile and the moisture profile is set.
6. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the receiving telescope include: the first receiving telescope and
Second receiving telescope；
First receiving telescope, for receiving the scatter echo signal, by the scatter echo signal focus in described
The corresponding focal zone of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope generates the first focus signal；The mirror surface pair of first receiving telescope
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the focal zone and first receiving telescope answered is arranged to that overlapping region is not present；Institute
The scatter echo signal range of receiving for stating the first receiving telescope is arranged to the range of exposures with the transmitting light beam in low latitude
There are overlapping regions；
Second receiving telescope, for receiving the scatter echo signal, by the scatter echo signal focus in described
The corresponding focal zone of the mirror surface of second receiving telescope generates the second focus signal；Second receiving telescope is scattered back
Wave signal range of receiving be arranged to it is described transmitting light beam range of exposures in high-altitude, there are overlapping regions；
Then the optical fiber includes: the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber；
First optical fiber is used for transmission first focus signal to the light-splitting processing device；
Second optical fiber is used for transmission second focus signal to the light-splitting processing device.
7. system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the bore of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope is less than institute
State the bore of the mirror surface of the second receiving telescope；
Horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam is the
One pre-determined distance；First pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of first receiving telescope；
Horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of second receiving telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam is the
Two pre-determined distances；Second pre-determined distance is greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of second receiving telescope；Described first
Pre-determined distance is less than second pre-determined distance.
8. system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that when first receiving telescope has multiple, described
One receiving telescope includes at least one blind area telescope and at least one near field telescope；The mirror surface of the blind area telescope
Bore is less than the bore of the mirror surface of the near field telescope；
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the blind area telescope and the range of exposures of the transmitting light beam are deposited in the lower space of silence
In overlapping region, the horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of the blind area telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam is
Third pre-determined distance, the third pre-determined distance are greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the blind area telescope；
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the near field telescope and the range of exposures of the transmitting light beam are deposited in low latitude near field
In overlapping region, the horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of the near field telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam is
4th pre-determined distance, the 4th pre-determined distance are greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the near field telescope；The third is pre-
If distance is less than the 4th pre-determined distance；
When second receiving telescope has multiple, second receiving telescope includes at least one midfield telescope and extremely
A few far field telescope；The bore of the mirror surface of the midfield telescope is less than the bore of the mirror surface of the far field telescope；
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the midfield telescope and the range of exposures of the transmitting light beam are deposited in high-altitude midfield
In overlapping region, the horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of the midfield telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam is
5th pre-determined distance, the 5th pre-determined distance are greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the midfield telescope；
The scatter echo signal range of receiving of the far field telescope and the range of exposures of the transmitting light beam are deposited in high-altitude far field
In overlapping region, the horizontal distance between the center of the mirror surface of the far field telescope and the launching centre of the transmitting light beam is
6th pre-determined distance, the 6th pre-determined distance are greater than the half of the bore of the mirror surface of the far field telescope；Described 5th is pre-
If distance is less than the 6th pre-determined distance.
9. system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the blind area telescope is cemented doublet, the near field
Telescope is off-axis parabolic reflecting mirror；The midfield telescope and the far field telescope are parabolic mirror.
10. system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the bore of the blind area telescope is 12.5mm, described the
Three pre-determined distances are 70mm；
The bore of the near field telescope is 50mm, and the 4th pre-determined distance is 90mm；
The bore of the midfield telescope is 200mm, and the 5th pre-determined distance is 180mm；
The bore of the far field telescope is 500mm, and the 6th pre-determined distance is 330mm.
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| CN114152930A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-08 | 武汉大学 | Light scattering receiving element and application thereof in laser radar system |
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