CN1984618B

CN1984618B - Tooth implant

Info

Publication number: CN1984618B
Application number: CN2005800233871A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 斯特凡·诺伊迈尔
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-06-04
Filing date: 2005-06-02
Publication date: 2011-06-01
Anticipated expiration: 2025-06-02
Also published as: CN1984618A; DE102004061792A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a tooth implant having implant body, which comprises an intraosseous region which can be anchored in bone and a penetration region penetrating soft tissue, and a coronal region having retention pegs. The regions being adjacent in the longitudinal axis of the implant body. The intraosseous region has three partial regions which are also adjacent in the direction of the longitudinal axis and have different threads.

Description

Tooth implant

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of tooth implant.

Background technology

Tooth implant is well known in the prior art, for example EP0388576B1 or EP0668751B1 the disclosed embodiments.Tooth implant must be anchored in patient's the jawbone usually best, bears the mechanical stress of height simultaneously, and is reaching sufficient anchorage stability before the healing fully.In addition, but need with biofacies perhaps the metal of tissue compatible make this implantation body.For this reason, suitable material for example is titanium or titanium alloy, perhaps also can be pottery, as a kind of special zirconia ceramics.But, also can adopt some different materials; For example can be this sample loading mode, promptly the core area of implantation body be made by titanium or titanium alloy, and implantation body's outer surface or implantation body's main body are made by ceramic layer, are for example made by zirconium oxide.Can also contemplate that implantation body made by a plurality of parts.

Summary of the invention

In addition, need the design tooth implant that it can be inserted into, to substitute two interdental hypodontias that exist in patient's jawbone.

The objective of the invention is to propose a kind ofly can be fixed on tooth implant on patient's jawbone with minimum time and labour-saving mode, therefore, it has the anchorage stability of desired height, particularly after healing.

The invention discloses a kind of tooth implant with implantation body's main body, this tooth implant forms continuously at least one on its longitudinal axis can be anchored into bone inner region in the bone, that passes that soft tissue reveals appears the zone and has the crown zone of alignment pin, described bone inner region forms at least three screw thread subregions, described at least three screw thread subregions are most advanced and sophisticated subregion, teeth groove subregion and crown subregion, described most advanced and sophisticated subregion, teeth groove subregion and crown the subregion direction of axis along the longitudinal join continuously, wherein: in described most advanced and sophisticated subregion and described crown subregion, the core of implantation body's main body has in increased cross-section at least one sectional axis in crown zone, in the described teeth groove subregion between described most advanced and sophisticated subregion and described crown subregion, this core has substantially invariable cross section, the free end of screw thread or most advanced and sophisticated being positioned on the common enveloping surface that surrounds longitudinal axis, the transition part office of described enveloping surface between crown subregion and teeth groove subregion, and/or the transition part office between teeth groove subregion and the most advanced and sophisticated subregion, and/or in the core spacing distance maximum of teeth groove subregion place and implantation body's main body, at least one threaded zone has matsurface, and the degree of depth of this matsurface is along with appearing the increase of zone end distance farthest with distance and reducing.

The invention discloses a kind of tooth implant with implantation body's main body, this tooth implant forms continuously at least one on its longitudinal axis can be anchored into bone inner region in the bone, that passes that soft tissue reveals appears the zone and has the crown zone of alignment pin, described bone inner region forms at least three screw thread subregions, described at least three screw thread subregions are most advanced and sophisticated subregion, teeth groove subregion and crown subregion, described most advanced and sophisticated subregion, teeth groove subregion and crown the subregion direction of axis along the longitudinal join continuously, wherein: the outer surface of screw thread is positioned on the envelope curve of surrounding longitudinal axis, envelope curve in most advanced and sophisticated subregion and crown subregion have along towards the direction in crown zone at least radially in one of longitudinal axis axially on increased cross-section, and in the teeth groove subregion between described most advanced and sophisticated subregion and described crown subregion, has substantially invariable cross section, at least one threaded zone has matsurface, and the degree of depth of this matsurface is along with appearing the increase of zone end distance farthest with distance and reducing.

Description of drawings

The present invention is described in detail based on exemplary below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 shows the simplified side view according to tooth implant of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the enlarged partial view that appears the transition portion between zone and adjacent corona part or the alignment pin of Fig. 1 implantation body;

Fig. 3 shows I-I along the line and appears the sectional view that the zone is cut open from implantation body;

Fig. 4-6 shows the shape that stylizes of alignment pin;

Fig. 7 is illustrated in the sketch of lip alignment pin of Anterior Implant body in view;

Fig. 8 shows alignment pin shown in Figure 7;

Fig. 9 shows cheek and is used for the alignment pin of premolar teeth implantation body to (palatinal) or tongue to/palate in view;

Figure 10 shows the side view of alignment pin shown in Figure 9;

Figure 11 show cheek to/palate to or tongue in view, be used for the alignment pin of molar implantation body;

Figure 12 shows the side view of therefrom seeing alignment pin shown in Figure 11 in the past at a distance;

The top view that Figure 13-14 shows the side view that is similar to Fig. 1 and another of implantation body may embodiment according to the present invention;

Figure 15-20 shows the various threaded portions of implantation body shown in Figure 13;

Figure 21-27 shows the various threaded portions of comparing the implantation body of its alteration of form with implantation body shown in Figure 13.

The specific embodiment

In shown embodiment, tooth implant generally is labeled as 1 in the accompanying drawings, it is the blocks of being made by at least a suitable material that is used for tooth implant, as using titanium and/or zirconium oxide, tooth implant comprises the elongated area 2 that is anchored in patient's jawbone substantially, in connection with the zone line of implantation body 1 or appear zone 3, utilize this zone line or appear the zone, implantation body 1 passes soft tissue and reveals after implantation and healing, tooth implant also comprise substantially by alignment pin 5 constitute crown regional 4, for example, it can be the form of lid, by what can prepare, the pottery that maybe can not prepare that is difficult to preparation is made, perhaps make by other suitable material, its is with dashed lines 6 expression in Fig. 1, and this crown regional 4 is fixed on the alignment pin 5, as the supporter of final prosthese (as corona or bridge shape prosthese etc.).

In described embodiment, (enossal) zone 2 comprises three sub regions in the bone, they are implantation body's axis L adjacency longitudinally, each all has external screw thread, this three sub regions is promptly from crown regional 4 farthest most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1, adjacent sheaves subregion 2.2 and adjacent crown subregions 2.3, this crown subregion 2.3 is adjacent to and appears zone 3 then, and the described zone that appears increases towards the direction of alignment pin 5 in the upper edge, cross section that is truncated cone shape.

Formed the core of implantation body in this bone inner region 2, made this core be truncated cone shape substantially in most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1, and have a circular cross-section, described core enlarges towards the direction of alignment pin 5, and its free end 7 is rounded.In described embodiment, cone angle alpha approximately is 2 to 5 ° along the angle that the surface line that is parallel to the vertical axis L of implantation body extension forms promptly.

In the subregion of most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1, the core of implantation body is cylindrical or cylindrical substantially with respect to vertical axis L of implantation body, promptly has a substantially invariable cross section, and it is circular in described embodiment.

In the crown subregion 2.3 of teeth groove subregion 2.2, the core of implantation body has slight truncated cone shape once more, promptly make core diameters increase along the direction of alignment pin 5, cone angle beta is promptly along being parallel to angle that imaginary surface line that the vertical axis L of implantation body extends forms in the illustrated embodiment less than the coning angle that appears zone 3, be approximately equal to cone angle alpha, be that β is 2 to 5 °, the wherein said zone that appears increases with the form of the truncated cone direction towards alignment pin 5.

Core or core diameters refer to position, the bottom surface cross section thereon of screw thread in subregion 2.1,2.2 and 2.3.

In Fig. 1,8 are labeled as the surface line of outer enveloping surface, and this outer enveloping surface is expressed as the surface of revolution of surface line 8 on the vertical axis L of implantation body, and the free end of the screw thread of subregion 2.1,2.2 and 2.3 or end points are positioned on this outer enveloping surface.Consistent by the surfaces of revolution that surface line 8 forms with the anatomical shape of root of the tooth.For this reason, the surface line 8 or the surfaces of revolution are crooked projectedly towards the outside away from vertical axis L of implantation body, promptly in the embodiment of described implantation body core, the depth of thread or thread depth increase with respect to the core of 7 beginnings of the end from most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1 at first among the subregion 2.1-2.3, next the transitional region between most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1 and teeth groove subregion 2.2 begins the degree for maximum, and at teeth groove subregion 2.2 and the transitional region between teeth groove subregion 2.2 and crown subregion 2.3 also is maximum degree, reduces in crown subregion 2.3 then.

The embodiment of described implantation body and bone inner region 2 is characterized in that having following advantage, the bottom that core truncated cone shape design has separately realized implantation body's main body is anchored on securely bone in for example most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1 and the crown subregion 2.3, on the transitional region between top area and bone and the soft tissue, screw thread towards the transition part office of crown subregion 2.3 in the teeth groove subregion 2.2 and in the osseous tissue has the bigger degree of depth, and the transition portion between bone and the soft tissue has enough distances, this has just realized the especially effectively grappling to implantation body, has therefore guaranteed that implantation body is fixed on the supporting zone in the bone.

When implantation body 1 being inserted or screwing in the hole for preparing in the jawbone, reduce screw thread in most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1 and the crown subregion 2.3 especially can prevent bone than the mechanical stress peak value occurring in deep layer and the periosteum zone.

Equally, the depth of thread in the most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1 for example between 0.3-0.8mm, in the crown subregion 2.3 to the depth of thread of the transition portion that appears zone 3 greatly between 0.3-0.4mm.The maximum depth of thread of transition portion between subregion 2.1-2.2 and the 2.2-2.3 and teeth groove subregion 2.2 is for example between 0.3-2.5mm.

In described embodiment, implantation body's main body is made coarsely at the outer surface of bone inner region 2 at least, but preferably in that to appear the zone 3 also coarse, promptly coarse at the end points and the bottom section of screw thread.For example carry out surperficial roughing by machining and/or etching and/or coating and/or suitable nanotechnology.

For the cross sectional shape and/or pitch of screw thread, can also be designed so that usually each sub regions 2.1,2.2 is different with 2.3 screw thread.

Shown among Fig. 1 8.1, the surface line of outer enveloping surface also can be more suitable for the shape of nature root of the tooth.

8.2 be labeled as the notch of screw thread, promptly, be convenient to like this utilize screw thread that tooth implant is inserted in the osseous tissue along the recess of the longitudinal extension of tooth implant.

Especially as shown in Figure 2, appearing zone 3 is designed at the transitional region place towards alignment pin 5, its side is away from bone inner region 2, this appears the zone and has a groove 9, described groove with corolla shape round vertical axis L of implantation body, promptly consistent with the outline of jawbone section, the bottom of groove 9 be positioned at two with respect to the longitudinal axes L of implantation body 1 in the grooved area respect to one another on the imaginary datum level BE that extends perpendicular to longitudinal axes L, and be spaced a distance with this datum level, promptly be offset on the direction of round nose 7, the maximum axial distance between groove 9 bottoms and the datum level BE is 0.5-3.5mm.Groove 9 is designed to along its whole track, thereby on external margin 10, be transited into the peripheral surface or the side 11 that appear part 3 with respect to longitudinal axes L, the surface of the groove 9 in external margin 10 these zones and longitudinal axes L form the angle γ less than 90 °, for example this angle is greatly between 40 °-90 °, and described angle is towards the direction opening of alignment pin 5, thereby when being fastened to lid 6 on the alignment pin, unnecessary binding agent or cement be subjected to groove 9 shapes-consistent with the arrow A among Fig. 2-extruding, outwards, therefore can not enter into the zone between implantation body and the soft tissue 12 away from jawbone.Can on the outer surface of soft tissue 12, remove unnecessary binding agent or cement easily thus by proper implements.

In described embodiment, screw thread on crown subregion 2.3 transition portions and appear the screw thread on 3 the transition portion of zone or appear screw thread on the zone 3 and all be designed to corolla shape track along groove 9, be that screw thread is incomplete on these zones, therefore only at the corolla shape track of groove 9 apart from the less distance of datum level BE or be positioned at this datum level place and just have screw thread, the bigger place of distance is then omitted gradually between the corolla shape track of groove 9 and datum level.

On the transition portion between teeth groove subregion 2.2 and the crown subregion 2.3 and the depth of thread that increases on the teeth groove subregion 2.2 increased the lateral total surface of screw thread, consequently in the supporting zone of implantation body, the grappling of implantation body in osseous tissue strengthened.

Utilize constant pitch, for example the different tooth side angle by screw thread and/or realize the degree of depth difference of screw thread by the different in width of the bottom of thread.Certainly, also can combine these measures.

In shown embodiment, although the core of the bone inner region 2 of implantation body's main body appears zone 3 and has plurality of stepped serrations with respect to longitudinal axes L rotation symmetry, wherein sectional dimension 13 is less than sectional dimension 14.Sectional dimension 13 and cheek to/contiguous cheek is consistent to axis, the zone of the groove 9 corolla shape tracks among sectional dimension 14 and datum level BE axis thereon is consistent.

In order to cover multiple application best, implantation body 1 can have different patterns and size, particularly bone inner region 2 with appear the zone and 3 can have different diameters, wherein in described embodiment, the cross section that appears zone 3 is not with respect to longitudinal axes L rotation symmetry, but one-tenth ellipse roughly, corresponding to Fig. 3, it has less sectional axis 13 and bigger sectional axis 14, this less sectional axis 13 is cheeks to/contiguous cheek to axle, and sectional axis 14 is the axis at regional place of corolla shape track that are arranged in the groove 9 of datum level BE.For the implantation body 1 of different application, the length difference D of sectional axis 14 and sectional axis 13 also is different.Express the sample difference D of implantation body down with different application:

Table 1

The use position of implantation body	The maximum gauge of bone inner region 2 (mm)	The maximum gauge (mm) that appears zone 3	D(mm)
				Lower front tooth	2.8-4.0	3.0-5.0	0.3-1.2
Canine tooth, on/mandibular bone	3.6-6.0	3.7-6.6	0.2-1.8
				Intermediary cutting, upper jaw bone	3.6-5.4	3.7-6.4	0.3-1.6
Premolar teeth, on/mandibular bone	3.5-4.7	3.6-5.6	0.3-1.2
				Molar, on/mandibular bone	5.0-10.0	5.2-13.2	0.8-4.8

In addition, depend on the purposes of implantation body, the corolla shape track of groove 9 is also inequality.Express down at different implantation bodys, with the track of the side spacing distance x of datum level BE.

Table 2.1 and datum level apart from x (mm)

Upper jaw bone	The 1st	The 2nd	The 3rd	The 4/5th	The 6/7/8th
						Maximum	3.7	3.7	3.5	1.6	1.4
Minima	1.6	1.5	1.7	0.4	0.1
						Meansigma methods	2.538	2.223	2.13	1.011	0.7
Standard deviation	0.54	0.56	0.62	0.36	0.3
						Preferred value	2.6	2.3	2.2	1.0	0.7
Correction value ^*	0.9-2.0	0.7-1.9	0.6-1.8	0.2-1.5	0.5-1.2

^*Relevant with the knuckle-tooth platform of conversion

Table 2.2 and datum level apart from x (mm)

Mandibular bone	The 1/2nd	The 3rd	The 4/5th	The 6/7/8th
					Maximum	4.6	4.4	2.1	2.6
Minima	1.4	1.8	0.5	0.5
					Meansigma methods	2.782	2.611	0.944	0.983
Standard deviation	0.967	0.704	0.338	2.563
					Preferred value	2.8	2.6	1.0	0.9
Correction value ^*	0.9-2.0	0.8-2.1	0.2-1.5	0.1-1.8

^*Knuckle-tooth platform by conversion

The shape of alignment pin preferably depends on the various uses of implantation body 1.In a word, alignment pin 5 should have the cross section of departing from circle, so that proper implements can clamp described alignment pin to insert implantation body.

Fig. 3 shows a kind of possible cross section that appears the zone.Perhaps, this cross section also can be the square of band fillet or be entirely circle.

For example, shown in Fig. 4-6, alignment pin has the shape that stylizes that is fit to replaced teeth patterning, wherein:

Fig. 4 has illustrated the shape that stylizes of the alignment pin 5 that is used for front tooth in front view.This alignment pin has the taper by curve 5.2 expressions, perhaps has the pancake by curve 5.3 expressions.Fig. 1 in side view promptly along the shape that stylizes that axially shows alignment pin perpendicular to Fig. 4 view.

Fig. 5 shows the shape that stylizes of the alignment pin 5 in the implantation body that is used for premolar teeth.Alignment pin 5 in this embodiment has at the free end corresponding to line 5.4 and substantially be the circular design of pin shape, and perhaps free end has the approximate rod that is the truncated cone shape cross section and designs on corresponding to line 5.5.Cheek to the shape of view corresponding to shape shown in Figure 5.

Fig. 6 shows the shape of the alignment pin 5 in the implantation body that is used for molar.This alignment pin is pin shaped substantially, but has the tip on its top free end, and is corresponding with track or line 5.6.Can also replace described tip with the slope.

In order to realize being used to insert the sealed connection of shape of implantation body by means of instrument separately, the cross section of each alignment pin all is designed to depart from circle, is ellipse or approximate ellipsoidal.

Concerning the implantation body 1 that is used for front tooth, cheek to/or contiguous cheek in view, alignment pin has the flame-shaped design, it is suitable for cross section promptly corresponding to the shape of line 5.1 upper teeth, thereby on this cross section, alignment pin 5 thins down to a bit at its free end, tongue side in promptly the outline of the alignment pin that is made of two inclined-planes is formed on, these two inclined-planes have formed angle less than 90 ° with respect to datum level BE, the opening of described angle is a bit larger tham the respective angles of the adjacently situated surfaces 16 that will carry out the transition to tip 17 this moment towards longitudinal axes L along the respective angles on the surface 15 that appears zone 3.Most advanced and sophisticated 17 are arranged in the zone of longitudinal axes L.On the other hand, the inclined-plane 18 that protrudes a little in the outside has also formed the profile of alignment pin 5.Perpendicular to cheek to/or contiguous cheek on planar cross section, the alignment pin 5 that is used for front tooth has the basic trapezoid cross section that is.The alignment pin that is used for premolar teeth and molar in addition also has the trapezoid cross section.

The described shape that is used for the alignment pin of front tooth implantation body can design the lid that is fixed together with this alignment pin 5, and it is consistent with the shape of dissecting, and has also kept preparation property fully simultaneously.

In general, also can it be flattened at the free end of alignment pin, shown in line 17.1 like that.

Can also make the shape of alignment pin 5 consistent with the anatomical shape of tooth own, for example, described alignment pin has size listed in the following table.

In one embodiment of the invention, the starting point of alignment pin 5 shapes is exactly the shape of tooth own.Silhouette contrast with teeth patterning own, alignment pin can dwindle certain size, for example between 0.1-5.5mm, however, this size should be no more than the thickness that alignment pin 5 adds the common material of single corona, bridge shape element, sleeve pipe shells such as (telescope).Following table has been listed detailed size

Table 3

Describe the embodiment that relates to the alignment pin shape in addition with reference to Fig. 7-12 and table 4-15, the shape of wherein said alignment pin approaches the anatomical shape of tooth more.In these accompanying drawings, marked out the size of each alignment pin; Following marginal data is applicable to accompanying drawing and table 4-15:

In the A1=lip view, the top of alignment pin or most advanced and sophisticated diameter;

The A2=diameter that alignment pin is highly located in the beginning of tubercle of tooth (Tuberculum dentis) in side view;

B=concerning the implantation body that is used for front tooth and premolar teeth, the diameter that alignment pin is located therebetween; Concerning the implantation body that is used for molar, alignment pin is at the diameter of cusp to alignment pin main body/body transition position;

The diameter of C=alignment pin on substrate stage or zone;

The D=alignment pin is at the diameter on the largest circumference that appears regional 3 transition positions;

E0=in the lip side or the cheek side, the tongue side and the view palate side, concerning the implantation body that is used for front tooth and premolar teeth, the height of the alignment pin of between the top of the minimum point of corolla connected in star 9 and alignment pin or tip, measuring;

F=is at the peak of corolla connected in star 9 height to the alignment pin of measuring between the alignment pin top;

G1=sees cusp spacing in the past from cheek side-palate side/tongue side concerning the implantation body that is used for molar;

G2=is concerning the implantation body that is used for premolar teeth and molar, near-distally sees cusp spacing in the past;

H1=concerning the implantation body that is used for premolar teeth, the degree of depth of the saddle that constitutes by cusp at the alignment pin top;

Especially for being used for the implantation body of premolar teeth:

The height of the cheek side cusp that E1=sees from side view;

The height of the cusp of the palate side that E2=sees from side view;

Especially for being used for the implantation body of molar:

Cheek is to view:

E3=to appear zone 3 transition portion and near in-height of the alignment pin measured between the cheek side cusp;

E4=to appear zone 3 transition portion and far away in the height measured between the cusp of cheek;

Tongue is to view:

E7=to appear zone 3 transition portion and near in-palate to/tongue to cusp between the height of the alignment pin measured;

E8=to appear zone 3 transition portion and far away-palate to/tongue to cusp between the height of the alignment pin measured;

Intermediary approximate view:

E5=to appear zone 3 transition portion and near in-cheek to cusp between the height measured;

E6=to appear zone 3 transition portion and near in-palate to/tongue to cusp between the height measured;

Cheek is to view in far away:

E9=to appear zone 3 transition portion and far away in the height measured between the cusp of cheek;

E10=is to appearing zone 3 transition portion and far away-palate to the height of measuring between/tongue the cuspad;

H2=at cheek to view or palate the degree of depth to/tongue saddle in view;

The degree of depth of H3=saddle in middle and distal part view;

Especially for being used for the implantation body of cutting:

The beginning height of I=tubercle of tooth;

The terminal height of L=tubercle of tooth;

All numerical value units that list among the table 4-15 are millimeter.In the present embodiment, the deviation of the listed numerical value of table 4-15 is approximately 0-3mm.

Figure 13 is similar to Fig. 1, show another feasible embodiment according to the 1a of implantation body of the present invention, described implantation body is made by the material that is suitable for tooth implant, and for example metal or pottery are as titanium and/or zirconium oxide and/or aluminium oxide, it comprises bone inner region 2, the zone line of adjacency or appear zone 3, crown regional 4, utilize this to appear the zone, the 1a of implantation body passes soft tissue and reveals after implantation and healing, crown regional 4 are made of alignment pin 5 equally substantially.

In the present embodiment, bone inner region 2 also is made of three sub regions of L adjacency along the longitudinal, that is from crown regional 4 farthest top terminals zones 2.1, next successively in connection with teeth groove subregion 2.2 and crown subregion 2.3, they have essentially identical axial length L, and each all has external screw thread, and crown subregion 2.3 also is adjacent to and appears zone 3 in the present embodiment, and the described zone that appears has the diameter that increases gradually that is truncated cone shape on the direction of alignment pin.As shown in figure 13, at crown subregion 2.3 with appear on the transition portion of zone between 3 and be provided with screw thread, and part is provided with screw thread appearing on the zone 3 also, therefore shown in Figure 13 can observable side and its opposite flank (interdental zone) on still have screw thread, be that the corolla shape bottom surface of groove 9 and the place of the interval ultimate range between the datum level BE are threaded, and extend to both sides (preceding and back).In addition, the screw thread that appears on the zone that increases gradually gradually changes into coarse surface.

Recess is also used 20.4 labellings.

As shown in figure 13, the special core that does not design bone inner region 2 that is characterised in that of the 1a of this implantation body, but have envelope curve 20, the free end of screw thread is positioned on the described jacket, so, envelope curve 20 is made of the truncated cone shape subregion 20.1 that increases towards alignment pin 5 directions in most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1, in teeth groove subregion 2.2,, in crown subregion 2.3, constitute by the subregion envelope curve section 20.3 that increases towards alignment pin 5 directions equally by cylindrical or constitute for columniform most advanced and sophisticated subregion 20.1 substantially.In addition, screw thread has the shape that changes along the bone inner region, the screw thread that promptly for example has constant pitch.Figure 15 schematically shows the design of the threaded portion 21 in most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1 bottoms.As shown in the figure, screw thread is designed to have the dihedral profile, promptly with the end of slightly pointed taper and straight substantially side.Figure 16 shows on most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1 tops, promptly to the design of the threaded portion 21 of the transition part office of part 2.2 transition, has the maximum degree of depth at this position screw thread.Usually, the degree of depth of screw thread is approximately 0.3-0.8mm in the most advanced and sophisticated subregion 2.1.

When being screwed into the 1a of implantation body in the jawbone, this point of thread contour be that the design of similar blade can prevent tension force.

Figure 17 shows the design of threaded portion 21 in the teeth groove subregion 2.2.Described screw thread is compared with screw thread shown in Figure 16 has small depth.Equally, the also slightly pointed conical design of tool of these screw threads.But, the bottom section between the screw thread is more flat.

Figure 18 shows the zone line threaded portion 21 that also is arranged in teeth groove subregion 2.2.As shown in the figure, the free end of screw thread is positioned on the cylindrical subregion 20.2 of envelope curve 20, promptly the free end of each screw thread all with the consistent at interval radial distance of the longitudinal axis of implantation body.Along with the distance with subregion 2.1 increases gradually, radial distance between the bottom that forms between the screw thread and implantation body's axis is also increasing, the bottom that is screw thread is positioned on the imaginary conical surface, and this imaginary cone has been surrounded the axis of implantation body with one heart, and its circular cone radius increases towards alignment pin 5.Figure 18 also show with screw thread between intermediate space compare, the volume of screw thread increases along the direction of alignment pin 5, promptly screw thread broadens vertically, intermediate space then diminishes.

Figure 19 shows the design of threaded portion 21 in the crown subregion 2.3.As mentioned above, the flat free end of screw thread is positioned on the truncated cone shape envelope curve section 20.3 of envelope curve 20 increases in this subregion.The bottom of screw thread is positioned on the imaginary conical surface equally in the present embodiment, and the circular cone radius of this conical surface is along with increasing with moving closer to of alignment pin 5.

Figure 20 shows and appears zone 3 and crown subregion 2.3 and appear in the transition portion of zone between 3 design of threaded portion 21 in the promptly still screwed place.Figure 20 also shows the transition portion of screw thread to matsurface 23.

The free end of screw thread and rough surface all are positioned on the conical surface that has surrounded implantation body's longitudinal axis concentrically, shown in thorn shape surface line 24.The bottom of threaded portion 21 is positioned on the imaginary cone equally, and this imaginary cone has the diameter that increases along alignment pin 5 directions, shown in line 25; But, the coning angle of the conical surface 25 is greater than the coning angle of the conical surface 24, so the degree of depth of screw thread reduces along the direction of alignment pin 5.

Especially as shown in figure 18, threaded regional 21 on its whole length or partial-length, and screw thread and bottom can be coarse.The same with matsurface 23, described coarse surface can be created by various technology, as by machining and/or chemical treatment and/or by applying the granule that can produce matsurface, for example by applying the nano-particle that forms by aluminium oxide or zirconium oxide, for example injection.

Implantation body 1 and the 1a of implantation body can both be on the outer surface coated, promptly have the creamy white coating corresponding to creamy white A2-A4, for example have the coating or the coating that are formed by zirconium oxide accordingly.Can also use fully corresponding to material such as the zirconium oxide of creamy white A2-D4 and make

implantation body

1 or 1a respectively.

In foregoing, suppose that the bone inner region 2 of

implantation body

1 or 1a has with respect to the rotational symmetric design of longitudinal axes L, promptly have the cross section of circle or taper.In general, also this zone design can be become oval or square.

Figure 21-27 shows the profile of screw thread 26 corresponding to threaded area 21 (promptly the distance with the rounded ends 7 of implantation body increases gradually) or the simplification view in cross section respectively.Show in detail the profile in 7 zones, end among Figure 21.Described screw thread has the cross section of subtriangular profile, and extend along the diagonal in implantation body cross section its side 27, and be connected with each other at radially outer top end surface taper or conglobate a little 28 places.

Figure 22 shows the profile of the threaded area 26 far away slightly apart from end 7.Described screw thread is straight at apex zone 28, has so formed the trapezoid cross section of screw thread.

Figure 23 show than shown in Figure 22 apart from end 7 more farther threaded regional 26.Screw thread 26 still is trapezoidal, however the screw thread radially-outer surface between screw thread and with end 7 distance gradually the threaded portion 26 of increase place all have matsurface 29 (Figure 24).

Along with the distance with end 7 increases gradually, for example be labeled as in 20.1 the envelope curve section shown in Figure 13, the degree of depth of screw thread 26 and matsurface 29 all reduces to some extent, therefore in appearing zone 3, only the screw thread in the subregion 26 has minimum height, and, only there are molding or matsurface 29 along with the distance with end 7 increases gradually.Matsurface extends on the part outer surface region that appears zone 3 at least.

The degree of depth of matsurface is for example between 0.18-0.38mm.In the embodiment shown in Figure 21-27, form matsurface 29 by multi-turn threaded portion or the helical by this threaded portion.

The distinguishing characteristics of this embodiment of the present invention for example is that screw thread 26 has consistent pitch all the time, promptly the distance between two adjacent threads on the whole length of implantation body is constant or substantially invariable, and described from end 7 threaded portion 26 that begins of a certain distance at interval, for example the screw thread of 20.2 beginnings has matsurface or forming surface 29 from zone shown in Figure 13, its size or the degree of depth equal the height of screw thread just, and along with the increase of end 7 distances, its size or the degree of depth reduce.

In the upper end that appears the zone, coarse profile links to each other with screw thread 26, and its roughness is between 0.05-0.38 μ m, in order to support soft tissue.

More than invention has been described based on exemplary.Certainly, do not abandon the present invention based on the situation of basic invention aim under, can carry out multiple modification or improvement.

More than imagination is that tooth implant is designed to an integral body; But it also can have the design of a plurality of parts, as has the design of two parts.

For example, along with towards the reducing of the degree of depth of crown end, screw thread and/or rough region have waveform trace and also are fine.

Reference numeral

1 planting body

2 bone inner regions

2.1 top terminals zone

2.2 teeth groove subregion

2.3 crown subregion

3 appear the zone

4 crown zones

5 alignment pins

5.1 be used for the given shape of the alignment pin of front tooth planting body

6 lids

7 rounded ends

8 surface line

9 grooves

10 external margins

11 appear the side in zone 3

12 soft tissues

13,14 sectional axis

15,16 surfaces

17 tips

17.1 flat tip

18 front surfaces

20 envelope curve

20.1,20.2,20.3 envelope curve sections

21 threaded portions

22 jackets

23 matsurfaces

24,25 jackets

26 screw threads

27 screw thread sides

The outside tip end surface in the footpath of 28 screw threads

29 matsurfaces or structure

The longitudinal axis of L implantation body

α, the beta, gamma angle

Claims

1. the tooth implant that has implantation body's main body, at least one can be anchored into the bone inner region (2) in the bone to this tooth implant in the upward continuous formation of its longitudinal axis (L), that passes that soft tissue reveals appears zone (3) and has the crown zone of alignment pin (5), described bone inner region (2) forms at least three screw thread subregions, described at least three screw thread subregions are most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1), teeth groove subregion (2.2) and crown subregion (2.3), described most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1), teeth groove subregion (2.2) and crown subregion (2.3) direction of axis (L) along the longitudinal join continuously

It is characterized in that: in described most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and described crown subregion (2.3), the core of implantation body's main body has in increased cross-section at least one sectional axis of crown zone (4), in the described teeth groove subregion (2.2) between described most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and described crown subregion (2.3), this core has substantially invariable cross section, the free end of screw thread or tip are positioned on the common enveloping surface (8) that surrounds longitudinal axis (L), the transition part office of described enveloping surface (8) between crown subregion (2.3) and teeth groove subregion (2.2), and/or the transition part office between teeth groove subregion (2.2) and the most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1), and/or locate core spacing distance maximum with implantation body's main body at teeth groove subregion (2.2)

At least one threaded zone (26) has matsurface (29), and

The degree of depth of this matsurface is along with appearing the increase of zone (3) end (7) distance farthest with distance and reducing.

2. implantation body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the outer surface of screw thread (21) is positioned on the envelope curve of surrounding longitudinal axis (L), envelope curve in most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and crown subregion (2.3) have along towards the direction of crown zone (4) at least radially in the axial increased cross-section of longitudinal axis (L), and have substantially invariable cross section in the teeth groove subregion (2.2) between described most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and described crown subregion (2.3).

3. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the core of the implantation body's main body in most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and the crown subregion (2.3) has the cross section that increases with the truncated cone form along the direction towards crown zone (4).

4. implantation body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, envelope curve (20) in most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and crown subregion (2.3) by the envelope curve section (20.1 that increases with the truncated cone form, 20.3) constitute, envelope curve is to be made of columniform envelope curve section (20.2) in teeth groove subregion (2.2).

5. implantation body as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, envelope curve is crooked projectedly on away from the outer surface of implantation body's main body core.

6. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the subregion of bone inner region (2) all has identical or essentially identical axial length.

7. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the cross section of implantation body's main body of bone inner region (2) is with respect to longitudinal axis (L) rotation symmetry.

8. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the maximum gauge in the bone inner region is the 2.8-9 millimeter.

9. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, implantation body's main body is coarse in bone inner region (2) at least.

10. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described implantation body main body all is coarse on its whole length.

11. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the depth of thread in the most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) is between 0.4-0.8mm.

12. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the crown subregion (2.3) and the depth of thread that appears the transition part office of zone between (3) are 0.3-0.4mm.

13. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the diameter that appears zone (3) increases towards the direction of alignment pin (5) form with truncated cone.

14. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, appear zone (2) and have and depart from circular elliptic cross-section, wherein less cross-sectional axis be cheek to/contiguous cheek to axis.

15. implantation body as claimed in claim 14, it is characterized in that, be used for difference between the cross-sectional axis of implantation body of front tooth between 0.3-1.2mm, be used for difference between the cross-sectional axis of implantation body of canine tooth between 0.3-1.6mm, be used for difference between the cross-sectional axis of implantation body of premolar teeth between 3.8-4.7mm, be used for difference between the cross-sectional axis of implantation body of molar between 0.3-8mm.

16. implantation body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in appearing on the zone (3) to the transition part office of alignment pin (5), formation surrounds the groove (9) of the longitudinal axis (L) of implantation body, promptly be used as the marginal branch support body of the lid that is positioned at alignment pin (5), the angle that described groove (9) constitutes between last surface that forms of its external margin (10) and longitudinal axis (L) is less than 90 °, and the opening of this angle is towards alignment pin (5).

17. implantation body as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, groove (9) is transited into the side (11) that appears zone (3) via external margin (10).

18. as claim 16 or 17 described implantation bodys, it is characterized in that, groove (9) has corolla shape track, promptly be such form: groove is located on the datum level (BE) that intersects vertically with implantation body axis (L) in the inter-proximal areas of implantation body, and groove on away from the direction of alignment pin (5) with the side spacing distance (x) of datum level (BE).

19. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described implantation body is formed by the metal manufacturing.

20. implantation body as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described metal is a titanium.

21. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described implantation body is by nonmetal manufacturing.

22. implantation body as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described nonmetal be zirconium oxide.

23. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the free end of the degree of depth of screw thread (21) towards the transition portion between most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and the teeth groove subregion (2.2) from most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) increases.

24. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the screw thread in the most advanced and sophisticated subregion is sharp-pointed screw thread.

25. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, screw thread (21) is formed by flat thread at least in part.

26. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the width of screw thread is along with increasing with the close gradually of crown subregion (2.3) in teeth groove subregion (2.2).

27. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the bottom of screw thread (21) is located on the conical surface of widening on the direction of alignment pin (5) in teeth groove subregion (2.2).

28. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the screw thread (21) in the crown subregion (2.3) has flat thread.

29. implantation body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also has threaded portion (21) on (3) appearing the zone, described free end or the tip that appears the screw thread of the threaded portion (21) on the zone (3) is positioned on the surface line (24) that limits the thorn shape that appears zone (3), the bottom of thread is positioned on another conical surface, and wherein the coning angle of this another conical surface is greater than the coning angle that appears zone (3).

30. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is appearing on the zone (3), threaded portion is transited into matsurface (23).

31. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, by machinery and/or chemical surface treatment and/or produce the rough surface of implantation body by coating material.

32. implantation body as claimed in claim 31 is characterized in that, the material of coating is a nano-particle.

33. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is designed to creamy white on outer surface at least in appearing zone (3) and/or alignment pin (5) zone at least.

34. implantation body as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described creamy white is corresponding to creamy white A2-D4.

35. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, bone inner region (2) is with respect to longitudinal axis (L) rotation symmetry.

36. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the cross section ovalize of bone inner region (2) or ovalize slightly.

37. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, at least one threaded zone (26) has constant or substantially invariable pitch on the whole length of implantation body or most of length.

38. implantation body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, along with apart from appear the zone (3) end (7) distance farthest increase, the screw thread at least one threaded zone (26) becomes pancake or circle gradually on its radially-outer surface.

39. implantation body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, near distance appears (3) end (7) farthest, zone, the cross section that the screw thread at least one threaded zone (26) has triangle or is generally triangular, and in distance farther place, described end, this screw thread has the trapezoid cross section.

40. have the tooth implant of implantation body's main body, at least one can be anchored into the bone inner region (2) in the bone to this tooth implant in the upward continuous formation of its longitudinal axis (L), that passes that soft tissue reveals appears zone (3) and has the crown zone of alignment pin (5), described bone inner region (2) forms at least three screw thread subregions, described at least three screw thread subregions are most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1), teeth groove subregion (2.2) and crown subregion (2.3), described most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1), teeth groove subregion (2.2) and crown subregion (2.3) direction of axis (L) along the longitudinal join continuously, it is characterized in that:

The outer surface of screw thread (21) is positioned on the envelope curve of surrounding longitudinal axis (L), envelope curve in most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and crown subregion (2.3) has along radially axially going up increased cross-section in of longitudinal axis (L) at least towards the direction of crown zone (4), and has substantially invariable cross section at the teeth groove subregion (2.2) that is arranged between described most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and the described crown subregion (2.3)

At least one threaded zone (26) has matsurface (29), and

41. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the core of the implantation body's main body in most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and the crown subregion (2.3) has the cross section that increases with the truncated cone form along the direction towards crown zone (4).

42. implantation body as claimed in claim 40, it is characterized in that, envelope curve (20) in most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and crown subregion (2.3) by the envelope curve section (20.1 that increases with the truncated cone form, 20.3) constitute, envelope curve is to be made of columniform envelope curve section (20.2) in teeth groove subregion (2.2).

43. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, envelope curve is crooked projectedly on away from the outer surface of implantation body's main body core.

44. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the subregion of bone inner region (2) all has identical or essentially identical axial length.

45. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the cross section of implantation body's main body of bone inner region (2) is with respect to longitudinal axis (L) rotation symmetry.

46. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the maximum gauge in the bone inner region is the 2.8-9 millimeter.

47. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, implantation body's main body is coarse in bone inner region (2) at least.

48. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described implantation body main body all is coarse on its whole length.

49. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the depth of thread in the most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) is between 0.4-0.8mm.

50. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the crown subregion (2.3) and the depth of thread that appears the transition part office of zone between (3) are 0.3-0.4mm.

51. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the diameter that appears zone (3) increases towards the direction of alignment pin (5) form with truncated cone.

52. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, appear zone (2) and have and depart from circular elliptic cross-section, wherein less cross-sectional axis be cheek to/contiguous cheek to axis.

53. implantation body as claimed in claim 52, it is characterized in that, be used for difference between the cross-sectional axis of implantation body of front tooth between 0.3-1.2mm, be used for difference between the cross-sectional axis of implantation body of canine tooth between 0.3-1.6mm, be used for difference between the cross-sectional axis of implantation body of premolar teeth between 3.8-4.7mm, be used for difference between the cross-sectional axis of implantation body of molar between 0.3-8mm.

54. implantation body as claimed in claim 40, it is characterized in that, in appearing on the zone (3) to the transition part office of alignment pin (5), formation surrounds the groove (9) of the longitudinal axis (L) of implantation body, promptly be used as the marginal branch support body of the lid that is positioned at alignment pin (5), the angle that described groove (9) constitutes between last surface that forms of its external margin (10) and longitudinal axis (L) is less than 90 °, and the opening of this angle is towards alignment pin (5).

55. implantation body as claimed in claim 54 is characterized in that, groove (9) is transited into the side (11) that appears zone (3) via external margin (10).

56. as claim 54 or 55 described implantation bodys, it is characterized in that, groove (9) has corolla shape track, promptly be such form: groove is located on the datum level (BE) that intersects vertically with implantation body axis (L) in the inter-proximal areas of implantation body, and groove on away from the direction of alignment pin (5) with the side spacing distance (x) of datum level (BE).

57. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described implantation body is formed by the metal manufacturing.

58. implantation body as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described metal is a titanium.

59. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described implantation body is by nonmetal manufacturing.

60. implantation body as claimed in claim 59 is characterized in that, described nonmetal be zirconium oxide.

61. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the free end of the degree of depth of screw thread (21) towards the transition portion between most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) and the teeth groove subregion (2.2) from most advanced and sophisticated subregion (2.1) increases.

62. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the screw thread in the most advanced and sophisticated subregion is sharp-pointed screw thread.

63. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, screw thread (21) is formed by flat thread at least in part.

64. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the width of screw thread is along with increasing with the close gradually of crown subregion (2.3) in teeth groove subregion (2.2).

65. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the bottom of screw thread (21) is located on the conical surface of widening on the direction of alignment pin (5) in teeth groove subregion (2.2).

66. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the screw thread (21) in the crown subregion (2.3) has flat thread.

67. implantation body as claimed in claim 40, it is characterized in that, also has threaded portion (21) on (3) appearing the zone, described free end or the tip that appears the screw thread of the threaded portion (21) on the zone (3) is positioned on the surface line (24) that limits the thorn shape that appears zone (3), the bottom of thread is positioned on another conical surface, and wherein the coning angle of this another conical surface is greater than the coning angle that appears zone (3).

68., it is characterized in that appearing on the zone (3), threaded portion is transited into matsurface (23) as the described implantation body of claim 67.

69. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, by machinery and/or chemical surface treatment and/or produce the rough surface of implantation body by coating material.

70., it is characterized in that the material of coating is a nano-particle as the described implantation body of claim 69.

71. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, it is designed to creamy white on outer surface at least in appearing zone (3) and/or alignment pin (5) zone at least.

72., it is characterized in that described creamy white is corresponding to creamy white A2-D4 as the described implantation body of claim 71.

73. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, bone inner region (2) is with respect to longitudinal axis (L) rotation symmetry.

74. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, the cross section ovalize of bone inner region (2) or ovalize slightly.

75. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, at least one threaded zone (26) has constant or substantially invariable pitch on the whole length of implantation body or most of length.

76. implantation body as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, along with apart from appear the zone (3) end (7) distance farthest increase, the screw thread at least one threaded zone (26) becomes pancake or circle gradually on its radially-outer surface.

77. implantation body as claimed in claim 40, it is characterized in that, near distance appears (3) end (7) farthest, zone, the cross section that the screw thread at least one threaded zone (26) has triangle or is generally triangular, and in distance farther place, described end, this screw thread has the trapezoid cross section.