CN1595780A - Control method and apparatus for series resonance DC/DC converter - Google Patents
Control method and apparatus for series resonance DC/DC converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and device for controlling series resonant DC/DC converter, and the device includes a drive circuit, a series resonant circuit, a PI regulator, a discriminator, a PWM circuit and a variable-frequency control circuit. And the method: sampling a feedback signal from a load circuit, making PI conversion on the feedback signal, and determining the working state of a load according to the converted result; as the load is in a light- or no- load state, using a PWM signal at stable frequency and duty factor changing with the feedback signal as a driving pulse of the drive circuit so as to make the series resonant circuit work in a PWM control state; otherwise using a pulse signal at stable duty factor and frequency changing with the feedback signal as a driving pulse of the drive circuit so as to make the series resonant circuit work in a variable frequency state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the DC power supply converter technique, relate in particular to the control method and the device thereof of a kind of series-resonant direct-current/direct-current (DC/DC) converter.
Background technology
Miniaturization and high frequencyization are the trend of current power supply development, but the too high excessive problem of switching tube loss of having brought of switching frequency, and this is that traditional B UCK converter can't resolve, and series resonant converter can address this problem preferably.
Series resonance DC/DC converter using resonant transformation technology, because resonant element is operated in the sinusoidal resonance state, the voltage natural zero-crossing on the switching tube can realize that no-voltage is open-minded, the loss of power is very little.This topology adopts the Frequency-variable Modulation mode usually, comes regulated output voltage by changing operating frequency.Fig. 1 is the citation form of LLC series resonance DC/DC converter, and the pass of electric power output voltage gain M and operating frequency is:
Wherein, Lr is the resonant inductance value, and Lp is a main transformer magnetizing inductance value, and f is an operating frequency, and Cr is the resonant capacitance value, and Po is a power output,
Can find that from formula (1) operating frequency is big more, M is more little for voltage gain.
Main difficult point problem of series resonant converter is that output voltage is difficult to stablize under underloading and idle condition.The output voltage of series resonance topology raises along with switching frequency and descends, and when load was decreased to underloading or Light Condition, output voltage can rise a lot.For burning voltage, operating frequency need rise very highly like this, but the problem that the wide meeting of operating frequency range brings magnetic element to be difficult to optimize, and also operating frequency is high more, and circuit loss is also big more.In the power supply industry, there is the people to add fixing load at output, utilize this way regulated output voltage under underloading and idle condition, but can increase no-load loss like this, reduce power-efficient.
In a word, simple variable frequency control can cause operating frequency range wide, brings magnetic element to be difficult to optimize the problem excessive with circuit loss, so simple frequency modulation control is exported the requirement of voltage stabilizing in the time of can't satisfying underloading or zero load.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the control method and the device thereof of a kind of series-resonant direct-current/direct-current (DC/DC) converter, adopt frequency modulation control to exist magnetic element to be difficult to optimize the problem excessive in underloading or when unloaded with circuit loss to solve in the prior art loaded work piece.
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of control method of series-resonant direct-current/direct-current converter, described DC/DC converter comprises drive circuit and series resonant circuit, drive circuit produces control signal according to the driving pulse that receives, and this control signal control series resonant circuit provides power circuit and makes the output voltage of series resonant circuit keep stable to load; Described method is:
Sampling feedback voltage from load circuit;
Described feedback voltage is carried out the proportional integral computing;
Result according to the proportional integral computing judges whether load is operated in underloading or Light Condition;
If loaded work piece is at underloading or Light Condition, then pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal that duty ratio changes with feedback signal by frequency stabilization makes series resonant circuit be operated in the pulse width modulation controlled state as the driving pulse of described drive circuit; Otherwise the pulse signal that is changed with feedback signal by the stable and frequency of duty ratio makes series resonant circuit be operated in the variable frequency control state as the driving pulse of described drive circuit.
According to said method: the result and a reference signal of proportional integral computing are compared to judge whether load is operated in underloading or Light Condition, and this reference signal is determined according to the electrical characteristic of described load.
Frequency according to the control wave as a result of proportional integral computing; Control the duty ratio of pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal according to the difference of the result of proportional integral computing and described reference signal.
The pulse signal of duty ratio is stable and frequency change is as synchronizing signal, and the inversion signal of described difference is produced driving pulse as control signal; When loaded work piece during, produce the stable and frequency driving pulse identical of duty ratio with described synchronizing signal at underloading or Light Condition; Otherwise produce frequency stabilization and driving pulse that duty ratio changes with described difference signal.
A kind of series-resonant direct-current/direct-current (DC/DC) converter, comprise drive circuit and series resonant circuit, this drive circuit is exported control signal according to the driving pulse that receives to series resonant circuit, and series resonant circuit offers load circuit with the power supply after the conversion under the control of described control signal; Wherein said converter also comprises:
Proportional and integral controller will carry out proportional integral from the feedback signal of load circuit sampling;
Discriminator, input is connected with described proportional and integral controller, determines the load condition of load circuit according to the proportional and integral controller output signal;
Pulse-width modulation circuit is connected with described discriminator, produces frequency stabilization and the driving pulse of change in duty cycle and offer drive circuit according to the output signal of discriminator;
Frequency conversion control circuit is connected with drive circuit with described discriminator, produces the driving pulse of the stable and frequency change of duty ratio and exports to drive circuit according to the output signal of discriminator.
According to above-mentioned converter:
Described discriminator comprises: inverter, and the output signal of proportional and integral controller is anti-phase; Subtracter, with the signal of inverter output and a reference signal relatively and export control signal.
Also be connected with inverter between described proportional and integral controller and the subtracter, the input of described frequency conversion control circuit is connected with this reverse output, and the input of described pulse-width modulation circuit is connected with the output of subtracter.
Described frequency conversion control circuit comprises voltage-frequency shake device and triangular-wave generator.
The driving pulse output of frequency conversion control circuit is connected with the synchronous end of pulse-width modulation circuit, pulse-width modulation circuit produce duty ratio stable and driving pulse that frequency is identical with described synchronizing signal or frequency stabilization according to the output signal of the input signal of synchronous end and described subtracter and duty ratio with the driving pulse of control signal variation.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, can realize two kinds of control modes of frequency modulation and PWM, when the power work frequency is low, adopt variable frequency control, introduce the PWM control mode when power work frequency is too high, thereby solved the difficult point problem of series resonant converter, i.e. too high the and excessive problem of circuit loss of operating frequency during underloading and zero load;
2, two kinds of functional circuits of frequency modulation and PWM logically are relations in parallel, and implementation adopts series relationship, and the realization circuit has been avoided the use of many logic gating devices and multichannel pi regulator, and circuit is very simple; And two kinds of control switchings are level and smooth, and its reliability and dynamic characteristic are very good;
3, the present invention is suitable for the distortion topology of series resonances such as full-bridge LC, half-bridge LC and LLC, and stronger engineering significance is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the series resonant circuit schematic diagram of prior art;
Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B are the theory diagram of DC to DC converter of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of frequency conversion control circuit of the present invention and pwm control circuit;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of Fig. 3 frequency conversion control circuit and pwm control circuit;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that concerns of feedback signal of the present invention and frequency;
Fig. 6 is drive pulse waveform figure.
Embodiment
The present invention combines frequency modulation control and pulse-width modulation (PWM) control and controls series resonant circuit, when the power work frequency is low, adopt variable frequency control, introduce the PWM control mode when power work frequency is too high, with this avoid loaded work piece underloading or when unloaded frequency rise too high and the excessive problem of circuit loss.
Consult shown in Fig. 2 A, the DC/DC converter comprises drive circuit, series resonant circuit, pi regulator, discriminator, pulse-width modulation circuit and frequency conversion control circuit.Drive circuit is exported control signal according to the driving pulse that receives to series resonant circuit, and series resonant circuit offers load circuit after the DC power supply conversion of importing after with rectification under the control of described control signal.
The input of pi regulator is connected with load circuit, is used for carrying out the proportional integral computing from load circuit sampling feedback voltage and given voltage.
The input of discriminator is connected with the output of pi regulator, determines according to the proportional integral operation result of pi regulator whether load circuit is operated in underloading or Light Condition (promptly judging the load circuit state) and exports control signal corresponding.
Pulse-width modulation circuit is connected with drive circuit with discriminator, produces frequency stabilization and the driving pulse of change in duty cycle is exported to drive circuit according to the control signal of discriminator output.
Frequency conversion control circuit is connected with drive circuit with discriminator, produces the driving pulse of the stable and frequency change of duty ratio and exports to drive circuit according to the control signal of discriminator output.
The variation of frequency and duty ratio is controlled by feedback signal, promptly changes with feedback signal.
In the scheme shown in Fig. 2 A, variable frequency control and pulse width modulation controlled are relations in parallel and circuit realizes it being series relationship from logical relation.When discriminator was determined load circuit works at underloading or Light Condition, discriminator control pulse-width modulation circuit was exported driving pulse to crystal drive circuit, makes series resonant circuit be operated in the PWM control mode; Otherwise discriminator control of conversion control circuit is exported driving pulse to drive circuit, makes series resonant circuit be operated in the variable frequency control mode.
Consult shown in Fig. 2 B, variable frequency control and pulse width modulation controlled are relations in parallel in logic, but are series relationship on circuit is realized.The frequency conversion control circuit output is connected with the input of pwm control circuit, the signal of frequency conversion control circuit output is made the synchronizing signal of pwm control circuit, and the signal of discriminator output is as the comparison signal of pwm control circuit.When loaded work piece during at underloading or Light Condition, comparison signal makes pwm control circuit produce the stable and frequency driving pulse identical with described synchronizing signal of duty ratio; Otherwise produce frequency stabilization and driving pulse that duty ratio changes with control signal.
Below main be that example describes with the scheme shown in Fig. 2 B:
Consult (being the scheme shown in Fig. 2 B) shown in Figure 3, discriminator comprises inverter, and the subtracter that is connected with this reverser output.The proportional integral device is done the proportional integral computing with the sampled voltage of given voltage and input; Inverter is anti-phase with proportional integral computing (PI) result sizes; Subtracter with reference voltage Vref and anti-phase after the PI operation result subtract each other and obtain difference signal, and this difference signal is exported to pwm control circuit.Wherein reference voltage Vref is determined according to electrical characteristic and other parameter of load, to guarantee to distinguish underloading and the Light Condition and the normal load condition of load.
Frequency conversion control circuit comprises voltage-frequency oscillator and triangular-wave generator, and the input of voltage-frequency oscillator is connected with the output of inverter, is produced the pulse signal of frequency change by the signal controlling frequency conversion control circuit of pi regulator output.The voltage-frequency oscillator becomes the square-wave signal that output frequency changes with voltage signal, and triangular wave is sent out the square-wave signal that device receives this frequency change and produced the triangular signal of frequency change and export pwm control circuit to.
Pwm control circuit comprises PWM generator and phase lock circuitry, and the PWM generator is according to the duty ratio of comparative voltage signal deciding driving pulse, and phase lock circuitry is phase-locked to the driving pulse of PWM generator output.
When the difference of subtracter output during greater than the triangular wave peak value of PWM generator input, the no longer conversion of duty ratio of the driving pulse of control pwm control circuit output has only frequency change, promptly enters frequency modulation control; When described difference was lower than the triangular wave peak value of PWM, the frequency of driving pulse remained unchanged substantially, has only change in duty cycle, promptly entered PWM control.
Consult shown in Figure 4ly, voltage-frequency oscillator and triangular-wave generator are realized that by integrated circuit CD4046 PWM generator and phase lock circuitry realize that by integrated circuit SG3525 pi regulator, subtracter and discriminator are realized by operational amplifier LM358.
The operation result of pi regulator one the tunnel is given the voltage-frequency oscillating circuit after anti-phase, produces the sawtooth waveforms of frequency change; After another road and reference voltage Vref were done subtraction, voltage Vcomp as a comparison compared computing with the sawtooth waveforms of pwm circuit input.
When the output voltage of pi regulator during more than or equal to reference voltage Vref, illustrate that loaded work piece is at the state with a fixed load, be that circuit should be operated in the variable frequency control mode, the limit spoke is done in subtracter output handled the comparative voltage Vcomp of back as integrated circuit SG3525, because comparative voltage Vcomp (promptly limitting the spoke value) holds the triangular wave peak value of SYNC input synchronously greater than integrated circuit SG3525, pulse duty factor is 50%, and pulse is output as the square-wave signal of frequency change as driving pulse after phase-locked.
When the output voltage of pi regulator during less than reference voltage Vref, illustrate that loaded work piece is at underloading or Light Condition, be that circuit should be operated in the PWM control mode, the operating frequency of integrated circuit SG3525 is still synchronous with the output of integrated circuit CD4046, the subtracter output signal is as the comparison signal Vcomp of PWM generator SG3525, decide the variation of output duty cycle with the sawtooth waveforms comparison operation of synchronous end SYNC input, the pwm signal of change in duty cycle again behind phase lock circuitry output as driving pulse.
Consult shown in Figure 5ly, it has reflected the functional relation of pi regulator output voltage V and operating frequency f, and voltage V1 is a reference voltage, voltage V2 be pi regulator output maximum voltage (as, 12V), when V1＜V＜V2, V-f is linear corresponding relation, and converter is operated in the variable frequency control state; When 0＜V＜V1, operating frequency will be stabilized in f2, and PWM control begins to work, and the duty ratio size that will regulate driving pulse according to the output of voltage PI ring is stable until voltage.
In conjunction with Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, in Fig. 4, discriminator is made output V as a result after the PI computing with sampled voltage
PIV1 compares judgement with reference voltage, if V1＜V
PI＜V2 illustrates that converter is operated in non-light condition, and driving pulse is frequency change and the constant square wave of duty ratio, and converter utilizes the frequency conversion mode to come regulated output voltage; If 0＜V
PI＜V1 illustrates that converter is operated in underloading or Light Condition, and output pulse frequency is stabilized in f2, and power supply comes regulated output voltage by pulse PWM.
Consult shown in Figure 6ly, waveform a is 50% a duty ratio drive waveforms under the variable frequency control; Waveform b is the drive waveforms under the PWM control, and power supply can be regulated the width of duty ratio according to output voltage, is zero until duty ratio.
The present invention is when operating frequency is low, and converter is operated in the variable frequency control mode; And when operating frequency was higher, converter was operated in the PWM control mode, and operating frequency is constant, the duty ratio size that the result of the PI ring in the circuit will regulate driving pulse, stable until voltage, so just avoided under unloaded and the underloading condition problem that switching frequency is too high.It is relation in parallel in logic that variable frequency control is controlled at PWM, but is series relationship on circuit is realized.A PI computing just can be satisfied the needs of two kinds of controls, and this has just been avoided the corresponding two cover PI computing circuits of two cover control methods, and has avoided the use of a lot of logic gating devices and multichannel pi regulator, has simplified circuit structure greatly.Simultaneously as seen from Figure 4, because integrated circuit CD4046 is a Frequency Synchronization with SG3525, the two is the relation of series connection, and when circuit during in PWM and two states switchings of frequency modulation, switching is level and smooth like this, and this has just guaranteed the reliability of circuit working.
Series resonant circuit among the present invention can be series resonance and distortion topologys thereof such as full-bridge LC, half-bridge LC and LLC.
PWM of the present invention, variable frequency control and discriminator circuit can realize that also this part work is that those of ordinary skill in the art is easy to derive according to above-mentioned technical scheme by software.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of control method of series-resonant direct-current/direct-current converter, described DC-DC (DC/DC) converter comprises drive circuit and series resonant circuit, drive circuit produces control signal according to the driving pulse that receives, and this control signal control series resonant circuit provides power circuit and makes the output voltage of series resonant circuit keep stable to load; It is characterized in that described method is:
Sampling feedback voltage from load circuit;
Described feedback voltage is carried out the proportional integral computing;
Result according to the proportional integral computing judges whether load is operated in underloading or Light Condition;
If loaded work piece is at underloading or Light Condition, then pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal that duty ratio changes with feedback signal by frequency stabilization makes series resonant circuit be operated in the pulse width modulation controlled state as the driving pulse of described drive circuit; Otherwise the pulse signal that is changed with feedback signal by the stable and frequency of duty ratio makes series resonant circuit be operated in the variable frequency control state as the driving pulse of described drive circuit.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the result and a reference signal of proportional integral computing compared to judge whether load is operated in underloading or Light Condition, and this reference signal is determined according to the electrical characteristic of described load.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, according to the frequency of the control wave as a result of proportional integral computing; Control the duty ratio of pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal according to the difference of the result of proportional integral computing and described reference signal.
4, method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the pulse signal of duty ratio is stable and frequency change produces driving pulse with described difference as control signal as synchronizing signal; When loaded work piece during, produce the stable and frequency driving pulse identical of duty ratio with described synchronizing signal at underloading or Light Condition; Otherwise produce frequency stabilization and driving pulse that duty ratio changes with described difference signal.
5, a kind of series-resonant direct-current/direct-current converter, comprise drive circuit and series resonant circuit, this drive circuit is exported control signal according to the driving pulse that receives to series resonant circuit, and series resonant circuit offers load circuit with the power supply after the conversion under the control of described control signal; It is characterized in that described converter also comprises:
Proportional and integral controller will carry out proportional integral from the feedback signal of load circuit sampling;
Discriminator, input is connected with described proportional and integral controller, determines the load condition of load circuit according to the proportional and integral controller output signal;
Pulse-width modulation circuit is connected with described discriminator, produces frequency stabilization and the driving pulse of change in duty cycle and offer drive circuit according to the output signal of discriminator;
Frequency conversion control circuit is connected with drive circuit with described discriminator, produces the driving pulse of the stable and frequency change of duty ratio and exports to drive circuit according to the output signal of discriminator.
6, converter as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described discriminator comprises:
Inverter, the output signal of proportional and integral controller is anti-phase;
Subtracter, with the signal of inverter output and a reference signal relatively and export control signal.
As the described converter of claim 67, it is characterized in that 7, the input of frequency conversion control circuit is connected with the output of described inverter, the input of pulse-width modulation circuit is connected with the output of described subtracter.
8, converter as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described frequency conversion control circuit comprises voltage-frequency oscillator and triangular-wave generator, the voltage signal that described voltage-frequency oscillator is exported described inverter changes the square-wave signal of frequency change into, and described triangular wave is sent out square-wave signal generation and the output triangular signal of device according to the output of voltage-frequency oscillator.
9, as the arbitrary described converter of claim 5 to 8, its feature in, described pulse-width modulation circuit comprises pulse-width modulation generator and phase lock circuitry.
10, converter as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the driving pulse output of frequency conversion control circuit is connected with the synchronous end of pulse-width modulation circuit, pulse-width modulation circuit produce duty ratio stable and driving pulse that frequency is identical with described synchronizing signal or frequency stabilization according to the output signal of the input signal of synchronous end and described subtracter and duty ratio with the driving pulse of control signal variation.
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| CNB031404480A CN100541992C (en) | 2003-09-08 | 2003-09-08 | The control method of series-resonant direct-current/direct-current converter and device |
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| CNB031404480A CN100541992C (en) | 2003-09-08 | 2003-09-08 | The control method of series-resonant direct-current/direct-current converter and device |
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| CN100541992C CN100541992C (en) | 2009-09-16 |
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| WO2007076702A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-12 | Emerson Network Power Energy Systems Ab | A resonant dc/dc converter and its control method |
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| CN100464485C (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2009-02-25 | 深圳市欣锐特科技有限公司 | Method and device for controlling resonant transformer |
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