CN1551788A - 用于提高吸入器性能的转接器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于DPI或者MDI的儿童型转接器。还提供了一种用于发出信号和/或教病人适当地使用吸入器的病人反馈装置。
Description
本发明通常涉及吸气装置领域,尤其是,涉及一种接口转接器和用于一种吸入器的病人的反馈装置。本发明作为吸气装置的一个接口转接器以及病人的反馈装置具有特殊的实用性,例如便于小孩,老人以及遭到损害的病人使用的干粉吸入器(DPIs)将联系该实用性进行描述,虽然其它的实用性也是可以预料的,例如用于可计量剂量的吸入器(MDIs)以及喷雾器。
可计量剂量的吸入器(MDIs)取决于把适当数量的药物输送到肺部的输送技巧。一个适当输送的MDI药物取决于灵巧度,协调度,时间的调配以及实践经验。当病人年纪很小,或者存在协调性问题,或者尤其是具有急躁的个性时,这会成为一个很实际的问题。
MDIs的一个代替物是干粉吸入器装置(DPIs),该装置通过病人的吸力激发,使得协调性不再成为一个问题,虽然吸入技巧仍然还是很重要。通过一个由病人吸气所激发的DPI使得药物在空气流下成烟雾状。DPI装置操作容易,因而适用于最多年龄段的人。新型的多剂型粉装置上具有电子装置,该电子装置包括剂量计数器,该计数器使病人可以检查他们是否服用了一个剂量并且当吸入器剂量用完时通过精确地显示还剩下多少剂量来提醒他们。Abrams等人申请的美国专利US6142146公开了这种类型的装置。然而,干粉吸入器需要病人较快地吸气从而吸入干粉,因此这些装置不适于年幼的小孩和婴儿。此外,即使年幼的小孩和婴儿可以满足使用这些装置的条件,当前的装置具有对于这些病人而言太笨重的接口。
当治疗小孩和婴儿的支气管疾病时,要使病人适当地吸入对治疗所必须的有效物质是困难的。当婴儿和年幼的小孩,通常从八个月到两岁,哮喘病初次发作时,要使小孩或者婴儿以适当的方式吸入定量的物质尤为困难。小孩和婴儿具有有限的肺部容量并且在吸气过程(吸入气流)中小孩或者婴儿呼吸的力度因此也是有限的。当小孩或者婴儿具有哮喘病或者其它的支气管疾病时这变得更加明显。当以一种可以允许婴儿适当地吸气的方式来定位吸入器是很困难的时候,父母总是希望用于吸气的装置可以尽可能的灵活。
对于具有有限的或者受损的吸气能力的病人而言,吸气治疗可以通过使用吸气室来获得。一个吸气室通常包括一个入口和用于固定药剂分配器的固定装置,例如,一个MDI,以及一个扩张的中空体,在吸入器技术领域中通常称之为一个“隔离腔”或者吸气室,并具有一个远离进口端的出口。一个通常靠近该出口设置的吸入/呼出阀,例如,一个单向阀,以及具有一个位于该出口上的接口。当这样的一个装置被较大的孩子或者成年人使用时,接口插入到牙齿之间,嘴唇被接口环绕包围。然而,对于年幼的小孩和婴儿来说在他们嘴唇之间保持这样的一个接口是不可能的。此外,这些装置的结构适于那些具有较大的肺部容量以及可以比较有力地吸气的较大的小孩。所提供的吸入/呼出阀通常需要一定的吸入气流才可以适当地打开,这样的气流对于一个小孩或者婴儿来说是不可能产生的。因此,为了使年幼的小孩和婴儿可以获得满意的吸气,吸气装置经常具有一个面罩。
然而,一些年幼的小孩和婴儿害怕使用具有面罩的标准呼吸装置,因此,他们抵制使用这些装置。面对孩子的强烈反抗,许多有责任照看小孩用药的护理员宣称,使用这种在通常情况下具有面罩的标准吸气装置来提供气流携带的药物时会受到抵制。此外,护理员还宣称,即使尝试把雾状/气态药物喂给小孩通常也是不乐观的,因为在药物适当地服下之前,小孩会叫喊和/或用力地把面罩从他们的脸上移开。
许多不能使用即使带有吸气室的MDIs或DPIs的病人被迫使用喷雾器。喷雾器通过向药物溶液喷射压缩空气(喷射喷雾器)或者通过把药物溶液滴到一个高频振动的板上(超声波喷雾器)从而产生一种雾状药物。因为协调度变得不重要,所以喷雾器具有可以被所有年龄段的病人使用的优点,包括年幼的婴儿。然而,喷雾器的缺点在于它们是笨重的,昂贵的(包括装置和药物)并且具有噪音;需要一个电源,典型的直流电(AC),治疗需要一个较长的时间,过程大约需要十分钟;并且年幼的病人需要戴上一个面罩。送入肺部的药量主要取决于病人的呼吸模式。所有的这些因素都限制了病人和护理员。
因为喷雾器具有上述的问题,装置被改进用来诱导或者教导小孩如何使用MDIs或者DPIs,因此喷雾器不是必须的。但是,这些设计成适用于年幼的小孩使用的装置需要一个用于MDI或者DPI的面罩转接器。申请人为Watt的PCT专利申请995398以及Minar等人申请的欧洲专利667168公开了这种类型的诱导系统。
与前述的不一样,传统的MDIs和DPIs(为此还包括吸气室)具有适用于成人人群尺寸的接口。因此,传统的MDIs,DPIs和吸气室具有相对于年幼的小孩和婴儿舒适的使用而显得太大的接口。此外,传统的MDIs、DPIs以及隔离腔的接口主要为矩形形状,这尤其对于年幼的小孩而言是比较笨拙的,或者至少是陌生的。
本发明尝试去解决现有技术中的这些问题,从而允许年幼的小孩、老人和妥协的病人可以使用不带面罩的DPIs,MDIs和吸气室。本发明的另一个方面是尝试去解决小孩、老人或者活动不便的(physicallychallenged)病人的连续而有耐心的(consistent patient)吸气的问题。本发明的另一个方面是尝试解决年幼病人的有耐心的顺从的问题,从而使他们能够使用他们原来所不能使用的装置。本发明的又一个方面是尝试允许生病的或者身体虚弱的病人可以通过接口的一个延伸段来获得药物剂量,从而允许病人在使用一个吸入器接收药物时可以斜倚着。
本发明的其它特征和优点可以从下面详细的描述并结合附图得出,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件,并且其中:
图1是一个示例的用于吸入器的转接器的纵向视图,该转接器连接在根据本发明的一个实施例的吸入器上;
图2是一个示例的用于吸入器的转接器的纵向视图,该转接器连接在根据本发明的另一实施例的吸入器上;
图3是一个示例的用于吸入器的转接器的纵向视图,该转接器连接在根据本发明的又一实施例的吸入器上;
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的用于吸入器的示例的转接器以及用于该转接器的接口的前视图;
图5是根据本发明另一个实施例的用于吸入器的示例的转接器以及用于该转接器的接口的前视图;
图6是用于吸入器的示例的转接器的纵向视图,该转接器连接在根据本发明又一实施例的吸入器上;
图7是根据本发明一个实施例的光/声传感器装置的功能简图;
图8是使用了图7中所示的光/声传感器装置的示例的转接器的纵向视图;以及
图9是根据图8中所示实施例的带有光/声传感器装置的示例的转接器的前视图。
优选实施例的详细描述解释了MDIs和DPIs的转接器的使用。然而,每个所描述实施例的转接器还可以用于隔离腔和喷雾器。
图1示出了一个示例的转接器的实施例,其中转接器1连接在一个吸入器5的接口10上。转接器从连接侧2通过一个形成了气密封的连接装置连接在吸入器接口10上。在该实施例中,转接器连接侧设计成与吸入器接口形成一个摩擦配合。摩擦配合是通过使转接器连接侧的内尺寸刚好比所要连接的吸入器接口的外尺寸稍大一点,并且把转接器滑到吸入器的接口上,从而形成一个气密封。
转接器1还包括一个位于接口侧3和连接侧2之间的过渡部4。过渡部4从转接器的连接侧2逐渐变细从而形成一个儿童型的(child-sized)接口侧。在吸入装置的适当激励下充气颗粒从吸入器接口进入并立即通过连接装置。连接装置不是作为一个停留腔。在此,连接装置为一个烟囱状的锥形从而在使用转接器的过程中减小紊流并且防止充气颗粒的凝集,这有助于保持吸入器的效率。
接口为儿童型的,截面上的尺寸与吸管相似,也就是说,具有1mm到15mm的直径范围,并且为环形或者椭圆形,如图4所示。环形的接口侧优选地适用于已经对该形状熟悉的小孩,也就是说,通过使用吸管。也就是说,小孩已经熟悉使用吸管,并且显示他们具有适当的吸气压力。因此,接口侧的吸管状尺寸和形状不仅有助于病人顺从地配合治疗,并且提供了一个熟悉的,不太恐怖的替代物来取代面罩。
图2示出了接口转接器4的第二实施例。该实施例如同第一实施例一样,包括一个连接侧21,一个过渡部6以及一个接口侧3。与第一实施例中相似,连接侧21必须有利于形成一个气密封。如图2所示,通过固定一个塑料或者金属夹子20来获得该密封,该夹子位于接口转接器的连接侧21上。在此,接口转接器的连接侧21的内尺寸比吸入器接口10的外尺寸大,并且允许转接器可以容易地滑到吸入器接口10上。一旦接口转接器21滑到吸入器接口10上,夹子20夹紧从而获得所需的气密封。
图2中所示的接口转接器包括一个位于连接侧21和接口侧3之间的烟囱状区域,该区域包括一个形成在吸入器接口对面的倾斜壁7。一个金属箔6附着在倾斜壁上,用于连接MDI或者DPI的电路并通过MDI或者DPI的电源带有电荷,该电荷到与颗粒所带的电荷相同。这导致在倾斜壁和颗粒之间产生一个排斥力,因而阻止颗粒聚集在壁上或者与壁相碰撞,并且从而阻止颗粒在转接器的内壁上凝集。此外,如图1中所示的转接器一样,在吸气装置的适当激励下充气颗粒仅仅进入和通过图2中所示的转接器,也就是说,连接装置没有作为一个停留腔。
图2中所示的转接器的接口侧,如图5所示,是通过作为吸入器接口的一个复制件制造而成。如图1中所示的转接器的接口侧一样,图2中的转接器的接口侧为儿童型的,也就是说,具有1mm2至200mm2的截面面积。这种环形的或者圆筒形的接口侧的设计也是有利的。因为接口侧的形状是吸入器接口的形状,空气流可以在最小的紊流下集中在一起。
本发明的第三实施例显示在图3中。第三实施例,如同第一和第二实施例一样,包括一个连接侧2,一个过渡部4以及一个接口侧3。在此,连接侧2通过一个连接装置安装在吸入器接口10上,该连接装置利用一个橡胶环来获得一个气密封。连接侧2的尺寸比吸入器接口10的尺寸稍大一点,并且在远端处包括一个张紧的安装在连接侧2上的橡胶环25。连接侧2可在接口10上滑动,并且在吸入器接口10上从转接器连接侧2的顶端推动橡胶环。此外,连接侧内部与吸入器接口端部连接在一起从而形成了一个密封,连接侧内部是一个内圆锥形的连接面9。因此,在转接器和吸入器接口10之间不会存在由于颗粒凝集所形成的脊。
此外,图3中一个圆锥形壁8形成在过渡部4的内侧。该壁形成了一个在吸入器接口和转接器之间的光滑的过渡部,因此允许颗粒可以以最小的紊流通过吸入器接口。在前述的实施例中,当吸入器被激励通过药物时,充气颗粒仅仅进入和通过转接器。因此,转接器不能起到停留药物流的作用。
图3中所示的转接器的接口侧可以被成形,例如根据第一或者第二实施例所述的方式。
本发明的第四实施例显示在图6中。与其它的实施例一样,第四实施例由一个连接侧2,一个过渡部4以及一个接口侧3组成。然而,在图6所示的实施例中,过渡部4包括一个细长的,弯曲的,并连续变窄的通常为管状的截面。过渡部4的截面形状优选地机翼形,从而使紊流最小并从而阻止充气颗粒的相互碰撞和凝集。此外,延伸段应该足够的长从而允许一个护理员可以实现从吸入器到一个俯卧或者半俯卧姿势的人的药物管理,也就是说,病人不用坐起或者握住吸入器。最后,如同其它的实施例一样,连接装置有利于在吸入器接口与转接器的接口接触装置之间形成的直接通道或者药物通道,而不是作为药物的一个停留腔。
在本发明的又一个实施例中,如图7-9所示,接口转接器或者MDI或者DPI本身包括一个用于教病人重新获得一个适当呼吸模式的电子装置。这样的电子装置包括一个传感器14,一个闭合/切断开关15,一个电源16,一个操作控制器17,声音或者光发生装置18,一个灯12以及一个可选择的扬声器13。如图7中所示,仅仅当传感器14检测到病人在吸气并且电源开关处于闭合状态时,操作控制器17才给声音和光发生装置18提供电源。当接通电源时,声音或者光发生装置18决定吸气的强度和频率,并且在这些值的基础上产生光和声音。如果病人没有从一个特殊的装置上获得适当的呼吸模式,声音和光发生装置18使灯12变红,这就向病人发出应该改变他的或者她的呼吸模式来与装置的条件相一致的信号。相应的声音也可以通过光/声音发生装置18产生并且输出到扬声器13上。一旦获得适当的呼吸模式,转接器上的灯12从红色变为绿色,并且/或者声音/光发生装置18提示病人他们已经获得了适当的呼吸模式。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,用于教病人适当吸气的电子装置与吸入器为一整体。
应该理解的是虽然参照优选实施例和使用方法进行了前面的详细描述,本发明并不限于这些优选的实施例以及使用方法。相反,本发明具有一个较宽的范围并且试图仅限定在附属的权利要求中所描述的范围内。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于一个吸入器的接口转接器,包括:
一个连接在吸入器的接口上的连接侧;
一个相对于吸入器的接口具有较小尺寸的接口侧;以及
一个在所述连接侧和接口侧之间的过渡部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的转接器,还包括用于把接口转接器固定在一个吸入器的接口上的连接装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的转接器,其中所述连接装置是一个夹子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的转接器,其中所述吸入器是一个干粉吸入器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的转接器,其中所述吸入器是一个可计量剂量的吸入器。
6.根据权利要求2所述的转接器,其中连接装置采用摩擦配合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的转接器,其中连接部为烟囱形。
8.根据权利要求3所述的转接器,其中接口侧具有环形的截面。
9.根据权利要求3所述的转接器,其中连接部的至少一部分被一个箔片覆盖。
10.根据权利要求2所述的转接器,其中所述连接装置是一条橡胶带。
11.根据权利要求1所述的转接器,其中过渡部是弯曲的。
12.根据权利要求11所述的转接器,其中所述过渡部的一部分为机翼形。
13.根据权利要求1所述的转接器,其中所述转接器包括一个流量传感器。
14.根据权利要求13所述的转接器,还包括一个可操作地连接在所述流量传感器上的声音发生器。
15.根据权利要求13所述的转接器,还包括一个或者多个可操作地连接在所述流量传感器上的灯。
16.一种用于把药物输送到呼吸系统的吸入器,包括一个用于检测吸气速率的流量传感器以及一个把该信号传递给病人的反馈装置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的病人反馈装置本质上是听觉的,视觉的或者发光的。
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2002
- 2002-09-06 CA CA2459867A patent/CA2459867C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 KR KR10-2004-7003223A patent/KR20040039327A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-09-06 PL PL373584A patent/PL203183B1/pl unknown
- 2002-09-06 WO PCT/US2002/030308 patent/WO2003022332A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-09-06 DE DE60236011T patent/DE60236011D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 DK DK02761817.2T patent/DK1446172T3/da active
- 2002-09-06 ES ES02761817T patent/ES2343239T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 KR KR1020097007106A patent/KR100998394B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-06 CN CNB028174704A patent/CN100374171C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 AU AU2002327052A patent/AU2002327052B2/en not_active Expired
- 2002-09-06 JP JP2003526459A patent/JP4846976B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 MX MXPA04001859A patent/MXPA04001859A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-06 EP EP02761817A patent/EP1446172B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 IL IL16062802A patent/IL160628A0/xx unknown
- 2002-09-06 PT PT02761817T patent/PT1446172E/pt unknown
- 2002-09-06 US US10/236,155 patent/US7343914B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 NZ NZ531614A patent/NZ531614A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-09-06 CN CNA2008100012821A patent/CN101239212A/zh active Pending
- 2002-09-06 AT AT02761817T patent/ATE464083T1/de active
-
2008
- 2008-01-25 US US12/020,407 patent/US20080228099A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2010
- 2010-06-29 CY CY20101100599T patent/CY1110147T1/el unknown
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102159268A (zh) * | 2008-08-25 | 2011-08-17 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 提供音频指令的呼吸药物输送装置 |
CN102695535A (zh) * | 2010-01-07 | 2012-09-26 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 包括反馈及顺从装置的呼吸药物输送装置 |
CN102695535B (zh) * | 2010-01-07 | 2016-03-30 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 包括反馈及顺从装置的呼吸药物输送装置 |
CN106132466A (zh) * | 2014-04-07 | 2016-11-16 | 勃林格殷格翰国际有限公司 | 供患者练习吸入过程的吸入训练装置及系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20090038043A (ko) | 2009-04-17 |
WO2003022332A3 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
ATE464083T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
CY1110147T1 (el) | 2015-01-14 |
DE60236011D1 (de) | 2010-05-27 |
PT1446172E (pt) | 2010-05-06 |
JP2005501664A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
US20030041859A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
EP1446172A2 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
EP1446172B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
AU2002327052B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
CN101239212A (zh) | 2008-08-13 |
CA2459867A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
CA2459867C (en) | 2012-03-13 |
MXPA04001859A (es) | 2004-06-15 |
KR20040039327A (ko) | 2004-05-10 |
KR100998394B1 (ko) | 2010-12-03 |
PL203183B1 (pl) | 2009-09-30 |
WO2003022332A2 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
EP1446172A4 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
NZ531614A (en) | 2006-07-28 |
CN100374171C (zh) | 2008-03-12 |
IL160628A0 (en) | 2004-07-25 |
WO2003022332B1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
ES2343239T3 (es) | 2010-07-27 |
DK1446172T3 (da) | 2010-08-02 |
US7343914B2 (en) | 2008-03-18 |
PL373584A1 (en) | 2005-09-05 |
JP4846976B2 (ja) | 2011-12-28 |
US20080228099A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
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