CN1194544C - Video encoding method based on prediction time and space domain conerent movement vectors - Google Patents
Video encoding method based on prediction time and space domain conerent movement vectors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a video encoding method based on the prediction of time and spatial domain coherent motion vectors, which belongs to the field of computer digital video encoding technology. The present invention is characterized in that a motion vector predicting method combining the coherence of motion vectors on time domains and spatial domains is proposed, and a method for describing motion coherence between adjacent macro blocks is proposed. The method comprises the following steps in sequence: a video camera converts the state of a target object into video signals which are converted into digital video sequences through a capture card and are stored in a video buffer memory to be used as a system input for compression; a computer enters a hybrid encoding subprogram for finishing encoding the original video frame based on motion compensation/DCT in order to carry out video compression and generate a code stream file. The emphasis of the present invention lies in motion vector predicting subprograms, the predicting method mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, judging the motion coherence between adjacent macro blocks, and then executing a macro block motion vector predicting program according to the judgment result. The system effectively improves the motion vector predicting accuracy and the video encoding efficiency.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the computer digit technical field of video coding, at be video coding system, as application such as HDTV, HD-DVD, streaming media servers.
Background technology:
The data volume of video information is big, and in order effectively to utilize bandwidth, video information must be through efficient compression before storage or transmission.Code efficiency is one of important indicator that characterizes coded system, and under the meaning of rate distortion, code efficiency is meant under the situation of certain reconstruction video quality, the bit rate of coded system output; Or under the situation of certain bit rate of exporting, the quality of the reconstruction video of acquisition.
In the hybrid coding method based on motion compensation/DCT, estimation obtains motion vector needs coding, and forms compressed bit stream together with texture information, so that can correct reconstruction video image when decoding.According to statistics, the code stream of motion vector output can account for about 10～40% usually in whole output code flow.Motion vector encoder generally includes prediction and entropy coding two parts of motion vector.Motion vector can effectively reduce entropy, thereby improve its code efficiency after predicting by certain method.In addition, when adopting based on H.264 coding framework, the prediction of motion vector also can have influence on the final selection of motion vector and reference frame.Therefore motion-vector prediction is significant to improving video coding efficient.
In existing method for video coding, as H.264, H.263 with MPEG-4 etc., motion vector encoder has all adopted the method for median prediction.Promptly as shown in Figure 1, E represents current coding macro block, and A, B, C and D represent it respectively in spatial domain upper left side, upside, upper right side and upper left side adjacent macroblocks, and the predictive factor of macro block E motion vector is got the intermediate value of A, B, three macroblock motion vectors of C.Should, the median prediction method is a kind of simple, efficient method of motion vector prediction, its major defect is: (1) does not utilize the correlation of motion vector on time-domain.(2) its code efficiency of video sequence for complicated movement can greatly reduce usually.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of method of motion vector prediction in the current encoder system, improve the code efficiency of motion vector effectively, designed a kind of method of motion vector prediction in conjunction with motion vector correlation on time-domain and spatial domain.Its technical thought is characterised in that:
1. fully utilized the correlation of motion vector on time-domain and spatial domain, and adopted different Forecasting Methodologies, improved the precision of prediction of motion vector according to the difference of motion relevance between macro block;
2. a kind of video sequence that is suitable for has been proposed at the describing method of motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks on the time-space domain.This method is to describe its motion relevance by the absolute difference of time-space domain adjacent macroblocks motion vector.
Technical scheme of the present invention is referring to Fig. 3-Fig. 6.This method for video coding based on time-space domain correlation motion-vector prediction is by video camera (1), becomes vision signal to place capture card (2) the object state exchange; Capture card converts vision signal to digital video sequences, and leave in the video cache, these digital video sequences or leave video data in the hard disc of computer in the video sequence file form all are called as original video sequence, are used for compression as the input of this system; Computer (3) is deposited original video sequence and is carried out the video coding subprogram, and generates the compressed code flow file, the invention is characterized in:
Computer is encoded to this frame by carrying out the video coding subprogram at first from the video memory of capture card or leave in the video sequence file on the hard disc of computer and read one-frame video data in the buffering area of computer; The time interval of computer reading video data is generally 1/30 second.
The video coding subprogram has adopted the hybrid coding method based on motion compensation/DCT, except that this part of motion-vector prediction subprogram, has adopted the H.264 coding framework of JM6.0 of international video encoding standard.
The video coding subprogram is when video coding, and the video sequence frame of an input is divided into 16 * 16 macro block, and cataloged procedure is that unit carries out with the macro block; After computer begins to carry out the video coding subprogram, at first coding is carried out initialization, these initial work mainly comprise the setting to coding parameter and buffering area.
Then computer according to from top to bottom, from left to right order takes exercises to first macro block earlier and estimates and compensation; Obtain the motion vector and the residual image of this macro block after the motion estimation and compensation,, at first carry out the motion vector subprogram and predict, then prediction difference is carried out the variable-length encoding (CAVLC) of context-adaptive motion vector wherein; Residual image is then at first carried out dct transform, then the DCT coefficient is quantized to encode with CAVLC; The compressed bit stream of exporting this macro block is afterwards put into the buffering area of computer; Decode, generate corresponding reference macroblock at last; After this macroblock coding finishes, above-mentioned cataloged procedure is carried out in all macro block circulations of current encoded frame, finished coding a video sequence frame; Loop coding next frame after the one frame end-of-encode to the last frame end-of-encode to video sequence, and generates the compressed code flow file, and system executive finishes.
In above-mentioned video coding subprogram, the Forecasting Methodology that is adopted in the motion-vector prediction subprogram is the difference according to motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks, and the correlation that has fully utilized on time and the spatial domain is carried out predictive coding to it.
In its described motion-vector prediction subprogram, its Forecasting Methodology is as follows:
(1) at first carries out the judgement of motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks; For macro block shown in Figure 2 neighbouring relations on time-domain and spatial domain, establish E
iBe the coded macroblocks of present frame i, A
i, B
i, C
i, D
i, G
i, H
iBe respectively the adjacent macroblocks of its left side, upside, upper right side, upper left side, right side and downside, the macro block on former frame (i-1) correspondence position is expressed as E respectively
I-1, A
I-1, B
I-1, C
I-1, D
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1
Here establish B={C
1C
2C
3C
4C
5Be E
iAdjacent macroblocks A
i, B
i, E
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1The set formed of motion vector.
(a) if for i, i ∈ [1,5] satisfies
|C
i-C
3|≤TH
E then
iMotion relevance between adjacent macroblocks is high.
(b) if for i, i ∈ [1,5] satisfies
|C
i-C
3|＞TH
E then
iMotion relevance between adjacent macroblocks is low.
(2) according to the judged result of (1), the Forecasting Methodology of the motion vector of current coding macro block is as follows:
In order to utilize the correlation on time, the spatial domain, the present invention chooses A
i, B
iAnd C
iMotion vector as the candidate predictive factor on the spatial domain, E
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1Motion vector as the candidate predictive factor on the time-domain, the specific algorithm of motion-vector prediction is as follows:
(1) works as E
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1When not existing, then with A
i, B
i, C
iAs the candidate predictive factor;
(2) when the motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks when being high, then choose A
i, B
iAnd E
I-1Be the candidate predictive factor;
(3) when the motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks when low, then choose A
i, B
i, G
I-1And H
I-1Be the candidate predictive factor;
(4) as any one A
i, B
i, C
iAnd D
iWhen adopting intraframe coding, if exist at the motion vector of (i-1) frame and its correspondence position macro block, then the motion vector of this macro block is chosen at (i-1) frame motion vector and the reference frame identical with its correspondence position piece, otherwise the motion vector of this piece is changed to (0,0);
(5) if at A
i, B
i, C
i, E
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1The middle existence and E
iMacro block with same reference frame, then predictive factor is chosen the identical motion vector of this macro block, otherwise predictive factor is chosen the intermediate value of candidate predictive factor;
Predictive factor is the predicted value of the motion vector of current coding macro block; Motion vector component in the horizontal and vertical directions all adopts above-mentioned Forecasting Methodology.
According to a large amount of experiment test results, we choose TH=8.
Video coding system of the present invention has designed a kind of method of motion vector prediction in conjunction with motion vector correlation on time-domain and spatial domain.This Forecasting Methodology has fully utilized the correlation on time and the spatial domain according to the difference of motion relevance between macro block, has improved the accuracy of predicting of motion vector effectively, has finally improved the code efficiency of system.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment is elaborated.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the neighbouring relations of macro block on spatial domain;
Fig. 2 is the neighbouring relations of macro block on time-domain and spatial domain;
Fig. 3 is the video coding system block diagram;
Fig. 4 is the video coding system main program block diagram;
Fig. 5 is a video coding subprogram block diagram;
Fig. 6 is the subprogram block diagram of method of motion vector prediction.
Embodiment:
The purpose of video coding system of the present invention is: obtaining under the prerequisite of certain video reconstruction quality, the data volume of compression of video sequence as much as possible is so that the storage of video information or transmission.In video coding system block diagram shown in Figure 3, video camera and capture card are commercially available, are used for converting destination object to computer manageable digital video sequences.Video sequence file among the figure represent also can the obtaining of this system input by other equipment, and leave on the hard disc of computer in advance in digital video sequences.These digital video sequences are exactly original video sequence, are used for compression as the input of this system.Carry out the video coding subprogram on computers, the original video preface is compressed, the result of compression is that the form with the generated code stream file leaves on the hard disc of computer.Compare with the original video sequence of input, the data volume of the ASCII stream file ASCII of generation is very little, thereby this system has reached the purpose to video information compression.
Shown in Figure 4 is the The general frame of this system executive.In Fig. 4, the video coding subprogram has adopted the hybrid coding method based on motion compensation/DCT.Except that this part of motion-vector prediction subprogram, the present invention has adopted the H.264 basic coding framework of JM6.0 of international video encoding standard, and its program circuit as shown in Figure 5.Be noted that when video coding, the video sequence frame of an input is divided into 16 * 16 macro block, cataloged procedure is that unit carries out with the macro block.After computer begins to carry out the video coding subprogram, at first coding is carried out initialization, these initial work comprise the setting to the number of the hunting zone of video sequence formats, frame per second, quantization parameter, motion vector, reference frame, each buffering area and output code flow filename etc.Then computer according to from top to bottom, from left to right order reads in buffering area with the data of first macro block earlier, this macro block taken exercises estimate and compensation, obtain the motion vector and the residual image of this macro block after the motion estimation and compensation, to motion vector wherein, at first the motion vector subprogram of carrying out is as shown in Figure 6 predicted, then prediction difference is carried out the variable-length encoding (CAVLC) of context-adaptive; Residual image is then at first carried out dct transform, then the DCT coefficient is quantized and CAVLC coding, export the compressed bit stream of this macro block afterwards and leave in the buffering area.For the needs of next frame coding, decode, generate corresponding reference macroblock at last, leave in the calculator memory.After this macroblock coding finishes, above-mentioned cataloged procedure is carried out in all macro block circulations of current encoded frame, finished coding a video sequence frame.
For video coding subprogram shown in Figure 5, its flow chart of wherein motion-vector prediction subprogram part as shown in Figure 6, this method of motion vector prediction is a core of the present invention, and is different with method of motion vector prediction in the present international video encoding standard.This Forecasting Methodology is according to the difference of motion degree of correlation between adjacent macroblocks, and the correlation that has fully utilized on time and the spatial domain is carried out the prediction of motion vector.Its concrete implementation is as described below.In initial procedure shown in Figure 5, two length be set all be:
Buffering area, wherein W is the width of picture frame, the height of H picture frame is used to deposit the motion vector of former frame and all 4 * 4 sub-pieces of present frame.
Enter the motion-vector prediction subprogram of Fig. 6 at computer after, at first to current coding macro block E
iCarry out the judgement of motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks, the algorithm routine of execution as previously mentioned.Executing E
iAfter the judgement of motion relevance,, begin to carry out macro block E between adjacent macroblocks according to this judged result
iMotion-vector prediction program, the program step of execution are also as previously mentioned.
At last, the motion vector of current coding macro block and prediction obtain prediction difference because of subtracting each other.
Should be noted that computer need carry out said procedure separately to motion vector component in the horizontal and vertical directions, finish the prediction of motion vector.
In order to verify actual coding efficient of the present invention, carried out following contrast experiment.To identical video sequence, here with Bus (352 * 288,150 frames, 30fps) sequence is an example, carries out (1) coded program of the present invention on coded system of the present invention; (2) the international code standard basic coding program of JM6.0 H.264, table 2 are the present invention and the H.264 comparison of code efficiency.Coding method of the present invention and H.264 unique difference are the different of the method for motion vector prediction selected for use, and wherein the present invention has adopted the method for motion vector prediction based on the time-space domain correlation.The coding parameter both is provided with by coding configuration file as shown in table 1, and quantization parameter QP gets 20,28,34 and 40 4 values respectively and experimentizes.
Table 1 is the configuration file of coded system.Configuration file is used to the coding parameter of the system that is provided with, and wherein mainly comprises: the precision of estimation is 1/4 pixel, and the hunting zone is ± 32 pixels; The number of reference frame is 2 frames; Entropy coding adopts the variable-length encoding (CAVLC) of context-adaptive; Forbid block size adaptive transformation (ABT); Must carry out Hadamard conversion and R-D optimization; The structure of image sets is that first frame is the I frame, all is later on the P frame;
PSNR represents the Y-PSNR of reconstruction video image in the table 2.Bit rate is meant the bit number of per second output.Save code check and be defined as regularly, carry out H.264 the encode difference and the percentage of carrying out the bit rate output of H.264 encoding of bit rate output with the present invention at quantization parameter one.The average code check of saving is defined as the average of saving code check under different quantization parameter conditions.
Table 2 code efficiency result's comparison is for both when adopting same quantization parameter, under the identical condition of reconstruction video quality (PSNR), and output bit rate result's comparison.The bright code efficiency of novel is high more more for output bit rate.The present invention is better than adopting the H.264 code efficiency of coded system as can be seen.
Table 1 is the configuration file of coded system:
| Coding parameter | State |
| The estimation precision | 1/4 pixel |
| The estimation scope | ±32 |
| Reference frame | 2 |
| Entropy coding | CAVLC |
| ABT | 0ff |
| The Hadamard conversion | 1 |
| R-D optimizes | 1 |
| Gop structure | IPP |
Table 2 is coding result examples:
| Cycle tests | The present invention | H.264 | Save code check (%) | |||
| PSNR(db) | Bit rate (kbps) | PSNR(db) | Bit rate (kbps) | |||
| Bus | 20 | 41.06 | 3222.31 | 41.06 | 3227.51 | 0.16 |
| 28 | 34.75 | 1134.94 | 34.75 | 1142.13 | 0.63 | |
| 34 | 30.30 | 464.99 | 30.30 | 472.58 | 1.61 | |
| 40 | 26.42 | 191.84 | 26.42 | 197.46 | 2.85 | |
| The average code check of saving | 1.31 | |||||
Claims (3)
1. based on the method for video coding of time-space domain correlation motion-vector prediction, be, become vision signal to place capture card the object state exchange by video camera; Capture card converts vision signal to digital video sequences, and leaves in the video cache, and these digital video sequences or leave video data in the hard disc of computer in the video sequence file form are used for compression as the input of this system; Computer is deposited original video sequence and is carried out video coding program, and generates the compressed code flow file, the invention is characterized in:
Computer is encoded to this frame by carrying out the video coding subprogram at first from the video memory of capture card or leave in the video sequence file on the hard disc of computer and read one-frame video data in the buffering area of computer;
The video coding subprogram is when video coding, and the video sequence frame of an input is divided into 16 * 16 macro block, and cataloged procedure is that unit carries out with the macro block; After computer begins to carry out the video coding subprogram, at first coding is carried out initialization; Then computer according to from top to bottom, from left to right order takes exercises to first macro block earlier and estimates and compensation; Obtain the motion vector and the residual image of this macro block after the motion estimation and compensation,, at first carry out the motion vector subprogram and predict, then prediction difference is carried out the variable-length encoding (CAVLC) of context-adaptive motion vector wherein; Residual image is then at first carried out dct transform, then the DCT coefficient is quantized to encode with CAVLC; The compressed bit stream of exporting this macro block is afterwards put into the buffering area of computer; Decode, generate corresponding reference macroblock at last; After this macroblock coding finishes, above-mentioned cataloged procedure is carried out in all macro block circulations of current encoded frame, finished coding a video sequence frame; Loop coding next frame after the one frame end-of-encode to the last frame end-of-encode to video sequence, and generates the compressed code flow file, and system executive finishes;
In above-mentioned video coding subprogram, the motion-vector prediction subprogram has adopted a kind of method of motion vector prediction based on the time-space domain correlation.This method synthesis has utilized the correlation of motion vector on time-domain and spatial domain, and adopts different Forecasting Methodologies according to the difference of motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks.
2. the method for video coding based on time-space domain correlation motion-vector prediction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the video coding subprogram has adopted the hybrid coding method based on motion compensation/DCT, except that this part of motion-vector prediction subprogram, adopted the H.264 coding framework of JM6.0 of international video encoding standard.
3, the method for video coding based on time-space domain correlation motion-vector prediction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the difference that adopted in the described motion-vector prediction subprogram according to motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks, the method of motion vector prediction of comprehensive utilization motion vector correlation on time-domain and spatial domain, its Forecasting Methodology is as follows:
(1) at first carries out the judgement of motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks; To current arbitrary coded macroblocks, the describing method of motion relevance is between its adjacent macroblocks:
If E
iBe the coded macroblocks of present frame i, A
i, B
i, C
i, D
i, G
i, H
iBe respectively the adjacent macroblocks of its left side, upside, upper right side, upper left side, right side and downside, the macro block on former frame i-1 correspondence position is expressed as E respectively
I-1, A
I-1, B
I-1, C
I-1, D
I-1, g
I-1And H
I-1
Here establish B={C
1C
2C
3C
4C
5Be E
iAdjacent macroblocks A
i, B
i, E
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1The set formed of motion vector;
(a) if for i, i ∈ [1,5] satisfies
|C
i-C
3|≤TH
E then
iMotion relevance between adjacent macroblocks is high;
(b) if for i, i ∈ [1,5] satisfies
|C
i-C
3|＞TH
E then
iMotion relevance between adjacent macroblocks is low;
(2) according to the judged result of (1), the Forecasting Methodology of the motion vector of current coding macro block is as follows:
In order to utilize the correlation on time, the spatial domain, the present invention chooses A
i, B
iAnd C
iMotion vector as the candidate predictive factor on the spatial domain, E
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1Motion vector as the candidate predictive factor on the time-domain, the specific algorithm of motion-vector prediction is as follows:
(a) work as E
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1When not existing, then with A
i, B
i, C
iAs the candidate predictive factor;
(b) when the motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks when being high, then choose A
i, B
iAnd E
I-1Be the candidate predictive factor;
(c) when the motion relevance between adjacent macroblocks when low, then choose A
i, B
i, G
I-1And H
I-1Be the candidate predictive factor;
(d) as any one A
i, B
i, C
iAnd D
iWhen adopting intraframe coding, if exist at the motion vector of i-1 frame and its correspondence position macro block, then the motion vector of this macro block is chosen at i-1 frame motion vector and the reference frame identical with its correspondence position piece, otherwise the motion vector of this piece is changed to (0,0);
(e) if at A
i, B
i, C
i, E
I-1, G
I-1And H
I-1The middle existence and E
iMacro block with same reference frame, then predictive factor is chosen the identical motion vector of this macro block, otherwise predictive factor is chosen the intermediate value of candidate predictive factor;
Predictive factor is the predicted value of the motion vector of current coding macro block; Motion vector component in the horizontal and vertical directions all adopts above-mentioned Forecasting Methodology; Computer need be carried out said procedure separately to motion vector component in the horizontal and vertical directions, finishes the prediction of motion vector.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102611881A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-07-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and module for obtaining reference motion vector, encoding and decoding device |
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| KR101204788B1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2012-11-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method of and apparatus for predictive video data encoding and/or decoding |
| WO2006057182A1 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Decoding circuit, decoding device, and decoding system |
| EP2983370A1 (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2016-02-10 | Matthias Narroschke | Adaptive coding of the prediction error in hybrid video coding |
| CN100409690C (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2008-08-06 | 北京工业大学 | Video interframe compression method based on space-time correlation |
| CN100452882C (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2009-01-14 | 清华大学 | Data buffer storage method of variable size block motion compensation and implementing apparatus thereof |
| CN101137065A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Image coding method, decoding method, encoder, decoder, coding/decoding method and encoder/decoder |
| CA2692782C (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2013-09-24 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Video encoding apparatus and method, video encoding program, and storage medium which stores the program |
| CN101404773B (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2011-03-30 | 江苏大学 | Image encoding method based on DSP |
| CN102413323B (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2014-03-12 | 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司中山分公司 | H.264-based video compression method |
| KR101522850B1 (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2015-05-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for encoding/decoding motion vector |
| KR20120016991A (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-02-27 | 오수미 | Inter prediction process |
| CN104539966B (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Image prediction method and relevant apparatus |
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| CN102611881A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-07-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and module for obtaining reference motion vector, encoding and decoding device |
| CN102611881B (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2014-06-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and module for obtaining reference motion vector, encoding and decoding device |
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