CN118027091A - 一种曲前列环素及其中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种曲前列环素及其中间体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118027091A CN118027091A CN202410171330.0A CN202410171330A CN118027091A CN 118027091 A CN118027091 A CN 118027091A CN 202410171330 A CN202410171330 A CN 202410171330A CN 118027091 A CN118027091 A CN 118027091A
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- allyl
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229960005032 treprostinil Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- PAJMKGZZBBTTOY-ZFORQUDYSA-N treprostinil Chemical compound C1=CC=C(OCC(O)=O)C2=C1C[C@@H]1[C@@H](CC[C@@H](O)CCCCC)[C@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2 PAJMKGZZBBTTOY-ZFORQUDYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005937 allylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 143
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 allyl halohydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- WLHPCEJPGLYEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyltin Chemical compound [Sn]CC=C WLHPCEJPGLYEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical group N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- YLGRTLMDMVAFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(prop-2-enyl)stannane Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CC=C YLGRTLMDMVAFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005103 alkyl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC=C BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005104 aryl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007832 transition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical group [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- CCZVEWRRAVASGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methanidylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[CH2-] CCZVEWRRAVASGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;bromide Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[Br-] NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- CCERQOYLJJULMD-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;chloride Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[Cl-] CCERQOYLJJULMD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- LVKCSZQWLOVUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;propane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].C[CH-]C LVKCSZQWLOVUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HHBZZTKMMLDNDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butan-2-yloxybutane Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)CC HHBZZTKMMLDNDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- RBYGDVHOECIAFC-UHFFFAOYSA-L acetonitrile;palladium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].CC#N.CC#N RBYGDVHOECIAFC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- HFEHLDPGIKPNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl iodide Chemical compound ICC=C HFEHLDPGIKPNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- DBTNVRCCIDISMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium;magnesium;propane;dichloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-].C[CH-]C DBTNVRCCIDISMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 22
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 206010064911 Pulmonary arterial hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical group [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 208000020193 Pulmonary artery hypoplasia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MNOILHPDHOHILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylthiourea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)N(C)C MNOILHPDHOHILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 4
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 108060000200 adenylate cyclase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N (S)-camphorsulfonic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASHGTJPOSUFTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 ASHGTJPOSUFTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IVOMOUWHDPKRLL-KQYNXXCUSA-N Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Chemical compound C([C@H]1O2)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2N1C(N=CN=C2N)=C2N=C1 IVOMOUWHDPKRLL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006646 Dess-Martin oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006647 Pauson-Khand annulation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000011016 Type 5 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010037581 Type 5 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002308 endothelin receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUBDGKVDJUIMQQ-UBFCDGJISA-N endothelin-1 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]2CSSC[C@@H](C(N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CSSC1)C1=CNC=N1 ZUBDGKVDJUIMQQ-UBFCDGJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001123 epoprostenol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KAQKFAOMNZTLHT-VVUHWYTRSA-N epoprostenol Chemical compound O1C(=CCCCC(O)=O)C[C@@H]2[C@@H](/C=C/[C@@H](O)CCCCC)[C@H](O)C[C@@H]21 KAQKFAOMNZTLHT-VVUHWYTRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- IUYHWZFSGMZEOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;propane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].C[CH-]C IUYHWZFSGMZEOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FIYYMXYOBLWYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ortho-iodylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1I(=O)=O FIYYMXYOBLWYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride Chemical group CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)Cl BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 108090000312 Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 206010039163 Right ventricular failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVJORGWKNPGCDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoboron Chemical compound N[B] TVJORGWKNPGCDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004872 arterial blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WNTGVOIBBXFMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound C1CCC2CCCC1C2 WNTGVOIBBXFMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UWTDFICHZKXYAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;oxolane Chemical compound [B].C1CCOC1 UWTDFICHZKXYAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001891 dimethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
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- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl formate Chemical compound CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000035474 group of disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;palladium Chemical group C.[Pd] UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Pd]O NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036593 pulmonary vascular resistance Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- FEQPHYCEZKWPNE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororhodium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound Cl[Rh](Cl)Cl.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FEQPHYCEZKWPNE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种曲前列环素及其中间体的制备方法,属于药物化学领域。中间体3‑烷氧基‑2‑烯丙基苯甲醛以
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一种曲前列环素及其中间体的制备方法。
背景技术
肺动脉高压(Pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是由多种致病因素引起,最终导致肺血管阻力持续增加的一组疾病,临床表现为劳累性呼吸困难,活动耐力降低,最终发展为右心室肥厚、右心衰竭。目前PAH的诊断标准为:在海平面静息状态下,通过右心导管方法测量平均肺动脉高压(mean pulmonary arterialpressure,mPAP)>25mmHg,且肺毛细血管锲压<15mmHg。
PAH患者致死率和致残率极高,目前为止尚无特效治疗方案,药物治疗仍然是主要的治疗手段。例如针对PAH发病机制相对应的不同的PAH治疗靶点:前列环素及其类似物、内皮素受体拮抗剂(ERA)、磷酸二酯酶-5(Phosphodiesterases 5,PDE5)抑制剂及钙离子拮抗剂(Caleium Channel Bloeker,CCB),分别针对腺苷酸环化酶(Adenylate cyclase,AC)途径、内皮素(Endothelin,ET)途径、一氧化氮(NO)途径、和钙通道途径。其中前列环素类药物曲前列环素能激活体内腺苷酸环化酶,促进环磷酸腺苷(Cyclic adenosinemonophosphate,cAMP)生成,起到舒张血管的作用。
针对曲前列环素的合成方法,CN1283184A公开了如下制备方法:
该合成策略以间甲氧基苯酚为原料,通过claisen重排、氧化及侧链的亲核加成、不对称还原、Pauson-Khand环化反应来构建曲前列尼尔的骨架结构,再通过氢化还原脱掉手性控制基团、硼氢化钠还原、脱保护等步骤合成曲前列环素。该策略中的关键中间体3-烷氧基-2-烯丙基苯甲醛的制备方法复杂,产率低,重现性差,且用到丁基锂等危险试剂,极大限制了工业化放大生产展开。
目前,文献报道中涉及3-烷氧基-2-烯丙基苯甲醛的制备除上述方法外,还包括如Org.Lett.2021,23,20,7900–7904报道的应用溴代苯甲醛缩醛化合物进行烷基化的例子。但在试剂应用中发现,条件苛刻,技术复杂,二甲氧基缩醛化底物存在不稳定性,在储存和反应过程中均易发生降解。
因此,针对关键中间体3-烷氧基-2-烯丙基苯甲醛开发出简洁高效的合成方法,缩短反应路线,提高收率是解决工业化非常关键的要点。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题,提供了一种曲前列环素及关键中间体3-烷氧基-2-烯丙基苯甲醛的制备方法,缩短了合成路线,反应条件温和,操作简便,提高了反应收率,适合工业化生产。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明一方面提供了一种式(4)化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将下式(2)的化合物通过烯丙基化反应,或自由基烯丙基化反应,或过渡金属催化的偶联反应得到式(3)化合物;
S2:将下式(3)化合物水解得到式(4)化合物;
反应式如下:
其中,R1表示烷基、烷氧基、环氧烷基、烷氧基烷基、烷基硅基、芳基硅基、中的任意一种;n和m独立地表示1-6的整数,例如n和m独立地为1,2,3,4,5或6;R2独立地表示烷基或芳基。
优选地,所述烷基为碳原子数为1-6的直链或支链烷基;所述烷氧基为碳原子数为1-6的直链或支链烷氧基;所述环氧烷基为碳原子数为3-10的环氧烷基;所述烷氧基烷基为碳原子数为1-6且含1-3个氧原子的烷氧基烷基;所述芳基为碳原子数为6-10的单环或稠环芳基。
进一步优选地,所述烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基或叔丁基;所述烷氧基为甲氧基、乙氧基或丙氧基;所述环氧烷基为环氧丙基、环氧丁基、环氧戊基或环氧己基;所述烷氧基烷基为 所述芳基为苯基。
更进一步优选地,R1表示甲基、乙基、 中的任意一种。
X表示卤素,例如氟、氯、溴、碘;X优选为溴。
Pg表示R3独立地表示烷基,n1表示1-6的整数,例如n1为1,2,3,4,5或6。
优选地,R3独立地表示碳原子数为1-6的直链或支链烷基,n1表示2-4的整数。
进一步优选地,R3独立地表示甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基或叔丁基;n1为2或3。
在本发明一种实施方式中,步骤S1采用方法1合成化合物(3):
方法1:将式(2)化合物在金属试剂作用下,在低温、非质子溶剂中转变为相应的格氏试剂,再与烯丙基卤代烃反应,得到式(3)化合物;
进一步的,所述金属试剂为甲基溴化镁、甲基氯化镁、异丙基溴化镁、异丙基氯化镁、异丙基氯化镁-氯化锂复合物、正丁基锂、异丁基锂、叔丁基锂中的任意一种;优选正丁基锂;
进一步的,所述低温为-80~0℃;
进一步的,所述非质子溶剂包括但不限于四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、乙醚、异丙醚、2-丁醚、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯中的一种或几种;优选四氢呋喃;
进一步的,所述烯丙基卤代烃为X为氟、氯、溴或碘;进一步优选地,所述烯丙基卤代烃为烯丙基氯、烯丙基溴、烯丙基碘;更优选烯丙基溴;
进一步的,式(2)化合物与金属试剂、烯丙基卤代烃摩尔比例为1:1~1.5:1~1.5。
在本发明另一种实施方式中,步骤S1采用方法2合成化合物(3):
将式(2)化合物在自由基引发剂作用下与三烷基烯丙基锡,在溶剂和加热条件下得到式(3)化合物;
进一步的,所述自由基引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN);
进一步的,所述三烷基烯丙基锡试剂包括但不限于三甲基烯丙基锡、三乙基烯丙基锡、三正丁基烯丙基锡中的任意一种;优选三正丁基烯丙基锡;
进一步的,所述溶剂为烷烃类溶剂、苯类溶剂或醚类溶剂;优选地,所述烷烃类溶剂为环己烷;所述苯类溶剂为甲苯;所述醚类溶剂为四氢呋喃;
进一步的,所述反应温度为30℃~100℃;优选60-80℃;
进一步的,所述偶氮二异丁腈与式(2)化合物的摩尔比为0.2~0.5:1.0;
进一步的,所述三烷基烯丙基锡与式(2)化合物的摩尔比为1.0~2.0:1.0。
在本发明再一种实施方式中,步骤S1采用方法3合成化合物(3):
式(2)化合物与过渡金属催化剂、配体作用,与三烷基烯丙基锡试剂在无氧、溶剂和加热条件下生成式(3)化合物;
进一步的,所述过渡金属催化剂为钯催化剂,包括但不限于四(三苯基膦)钯、PdCl2(PPh3)2、PdCl2(MeCN)2、Pd2(dba)3等;优选四(三苯基膦)钯;
进一步的,所述配体为有机膦配体,优选三苯基膦;
进一步的,所述溶剂为苯类溶剂、醚类溶剂或酰胺类溶剂;苯类溶剂优选甲苯;醚类溶剂优选1,4-二氧六环;酰胺类溶剂优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);
进一步的,所述反应温度为30℃~150℃,优选80-120℃;
进一步的,所述三烷基烯丙基锡试剂包括但不限于三甲基烯丙基锡、三乙基烯丙基锡、三正丁基烯丙基锡中的任意一种;优选三正丁基烯丙基锡;
进一步的,所述过渡金属催化剂与式(2)化合物摩尔比为0.05~0.2:1;所述三烷基烯丙基锡与式(2)化合物的摩尔比为1.0~2.0:1.0。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S2中式(3)化合物在酸和溶剂条件下,水解得到式(4)化合物;
进一步的,所述酸包括但不限于盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸等;优选对甲苯磺酸;
进一步的,所述溶剂为水、丙酮、乙酸、四氢呋喃、1,4二氧六环以及上述溶剂的任意比例混合所得的溶剂;优选水-四氢呋喃混合溶剂;
进一步的,所述酸与式(3)化合物的摩尔比例为0.05~0.2:1.0。
本发明另一方面提供了一种式(1)化合物曲前列环素的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将下式(2)的化合物通过烯丙基化反应,或自由基烯丙基化反应,或过渡金属催化的偶联反应得到式(3)化合物;
S2:将下式(3)化合物水解得到式(4)化合物;
S3:将下式(5)化合物在金属试剂作用下与式(4)化合物反应得式(6)化合物;
S4:将下式(6)化合物进行羟基氧化得到式(7)化合物;
S5:将下式(7)化合物进行不对称还原得到式(8)化合物;
S6:将下式(8)的化合物进行羟基保护得式(9)的化合物;
S7:将下式(9)的化合物在过渡金属催化剂和一氧化碳氛围下发生合环反应得到下式(10)的化合物;
S8:将下式(10)的化合物进行催化氢化,得到下式(11)的化合物;
S9:将下式(11)的化合物进行羰基还原得到下式(12)的化合物;
S10:将下式(12)的化合物进行保护基脱除,得到下式(13)的化合物;
S11:将下式(13)的化合物进行乙酸基团取代得到式(1)的化合物,即曲前列环素。
反应式如下:
其中,R1与Pg的定义与上文相同。
Pg2和Pg3独立地表示烷基、烷氧基、环氧烷基、烷氧基烷基、烷基硅基、芳基硅基、中的任意一种;n和m独立地表示1-6的整数,例如n和m独立地为1,2,3,4,5或6;R2独立地表示烷基或芳基。
优选地,所述烷基为碳原子数为1-6的直链或支链烷基;所述烷氧基为碳原子数为1-6的直链或支链烷氧基;所述环氧烷基为碳原子数为3-10的环氧烷基;所述烷氧基烷基为碳原子数为1-6且含1-3个氧原子的烷氧基烷基;所述芳基为碳原子数为6-10的单环或稠环芳基。
进一步优选地,所述烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基或叔丁基;所述烷氧基为甲氧基、乙氧基或丙氧基;所述环氧烷基为环氧丙基、环氧丁基、环氧戊基或环氧己基;所述烷氧基烷基为 所述芳基为苯基。
更进一步优选地,Pg2和Pg3独立地表示甲基、乙基、 中的任意一种;优选/>
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S3中式(5)化合物在金属试剂作用下发生去质子化,再与式(4)化合物在无水、无氧条件下发生加成反应,得到式(6)化合物;
进一步的,所述金属试剂为正丁基锂、异丁基锂、叔丁基锂、甲基溴化镁、甲基氯化镁、异丙基溴化镁或异丙基氯化镁及其络合物;优选正丁基锂;
进一步的,所述反应溶剂为醚类溶剂,优选四氢呋喃;
进一步的,所述去质子化的反应温度为-80~0℃,优选-80~-60℃;
进一步的,所述加成反应温度为20-40℃,优选20-30℃;
进一步的,式(4)化合物与式(5)化合物的摩尔比为1:1~1.5;
进一步的,式(5)化合物与金属试剂的摩尔比为1:1~1.5。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S4中式(6)化合物中的羟基经过氧化反应得到式(7)化合物;
进一步的,所述氧化条件为现有技术中已知的方法,包括但不限于PCC、PDC氧化,DMSO介导的氧化,IBX或Dess-Martin氧化;优选IBX或Dess-Martin氧化;
进一步的,式(6)化合物与氧化剂的摩尔比为1:1~2。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S5中式(7)化合物在手性还原试剂存在下进行不对称羰基还原,得到式(8)化合物;
进一步的,所述手性还原试剂为:(-)-二异松蒎基氯硼烷、(R or S)-CBS-Me/硼烷、或(R)-B-异松蒎基-9-硼烷双环[3.3.1]壬烷;优选(R)-CBS-Me/硼烷组合;
进一步的,反应温度为-80~0℃,优选-30~-10℃;
进一步的,式(7)化合物与手性还原试剂摩尔比为1~2:1。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S6中式(8)化合物在碱和羟基保护剂的作用下,进行羟基保护反应,得到式(9)化合物;
进一步的,所述羟基保护剂为二甲基叔丁基氯硅烷(TBDMSCl)或叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯(TBDMSOTf),优选叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯;
进一步的,所述碱为有机碱,包括三乙胺,二异丙基乙胺,吡啶,2,6-二甲基吡啶,4-N,N-二甲氨基吡啶;优选2,6-二甲基吡啶;
进一步的,反应温度为0~40℃,优选20~30℃;
进一步的,式(8)化合物、碱、羟基保护剂的摩尔比为1:1~5:1~2。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S7中式(9)化合物在金属催化剂、一氧化碳气氛、添加剂作用下,发生Pauson-Khand反应得到式(10)化合物;
进一步的,所述催化剂选自Co2(CO)8、Mo2(CO)6、[RhCl(CO)2]2或Mo(CO)3(DMF)3;优选Co2(CO)8;
进一步的,所述添加剂为胺N-氧化物,如吗啡啉N-氧化物(NMO)、三甲基胺N-氧化物(TMNO)或四甲基硫脲(TMTU);优选四甲基硫脲;
进一步的,反应温度为20℃~110℃,优选60-90℃;
进一步的,式(9)化合物与催化剂、添加剂的摩尔比为1:0.1~0.5:0.2~1.0。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S8中式(10)化合物在催化剂和一定压力下进行氢化反应,得到式(11)化合物;
进一步的,所述催化剂为钯炭、氢氧化钯、二氧化铂、三(三苯基膦)氯化铑等;优选钯炭;
进一步的,反应温度为0~80℃,优选20~50℃;
进一步的,反应压力为1~10bar,优选5~10bar。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S9中式(11)化合物与还原剂发生羰基还原得到式(12)化合物;
进一步的,所述还原剂为硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾、硼氢化锂、氢化铝锂、三乙基硼氢化锂、二异丁基氢化铝、三乙基氢化铝锂、三叔丁基氢化铝锂或氨基硼烷;优选硼氢化钠;
进一步的,反应温度为-80~10℃,优选-10~0℃。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S10中式(12)化合物在含氟试剂或酸性条件下发生脱保护反应,得到式(13)化合物;
具体的,在含氟试剂条件中,所述含氟试剂选自四丁基氟化铵、氢氟酸、氢氟酸-三乙胺复合物、四丁基氟化铵-叔丁醇复合物或氟化钾;优选四丁基氟化铵;
进一步的,上述反应温度为-40~120℃;优选0~30℃;
具体的,在酸性条件下,所述酸为无机酸或有机酸,所述无机酸选自盐酸、硫酸或磷酸;优选硫酸;所述有机酸选自三氟乙酸、对甲基苯磺酸、甲基磺酸、樟脑磺酸、三氟甲磺酸或三氟化硼乙醚;优选对甲苯磺酸;
进一步的,反应温度为0~100℃,优选20~80℃。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤S11中,在碱作用下,式(13)化合物与卤代乙酸反应,得到式(1)化合物;
进一步的,所述碱为无机碱或有机碱,包括但不限于氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、三乙胺,二异丙基乙胺或DBU;优选碳酸钠、碳酸钾或DBU;
进一步的,反应温度为0~100℃,优选20~40℃。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明所述制备方法,缩短了合成路线,反应条件温和,操作简便;原料便宜易得,减少了废料的生成;最终产品收率显著提高,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。另外,值得说明的是,本发明所涉及的原料如无特殊说明均为普通市售产品。
实施例1:
S1:式(3)化合物的合成
在氮气氛围,-78℃环境下,向式(2)化合物(50g,128.5mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(320mL)溶液中缓慢滴加正丁基锂(1.6M,89mL),滴加完毕后继续搅拌至原料消耗,随后滴加烯丙基溴(13.5mL),滴加完毕后,继续搅拌并缓慢升至室温,TLC监测反应完全。反应液倒入饱和氯化铵中,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,经饱和食盐水洗后,干燥浓缩,得粗产物(NMR纯度76%),直接用于下一步。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.27(dt,J=7.6,0.9Hz,1H),7.11(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.85(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),5.91(m,1H),5.49(s,1H),5.16(d,J=16.7Hz,2H),4.95(s,2H),3.91(m,4H),3.60(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),3.55(d,J=10.2Hz,2H),1.97(m,2H),0.93(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),0.04(s,7H)。
S2:式(4)化合物的合成
将式(3)化合物(30g,85.7mmol)溶于四氢呋喃-水的混合溶剂中(150/50mL),加入对甲苯磺酸(10mol%),室温下搅拌至反应完全。加饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭反应,浓缩除去四氢呋喃后,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,经浓缩得到式(4)化合物(24.5g,98%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.99(s,1H),7.60(dd,J=8.1,1.4Hz,1H),7.34–7.27(m,1H),6.96(dd,J=7.5,1.3Hz,1H),5.83(tt,J=11.2,10.0Hz,1H),5.18(d,J=11.1Hz,2H),4.96(s,2H),3.633.55(m,5H),0.98–0.90(m,2H),0.05(s,8H)。
S3:式(6)化合物的合成
将式(5)化合物(8.14g,30.3mmol)溶于60mL无水四氢呋喃中,氩气保护下,-80℃下滴加正丁基锂(33.3ml,33.3mmol),-80℃反应1h。然后将式(4)化合物(8.04g,27.55mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液(10mL)加入反应液中,缓慢升温至室温。待TLC监测到反应完全后,0℃下滴加饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯和水萃取三次,盐洗,干燥。经柱层分离纯化得到式(6)化合物(11.6g,75%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.327.23(m,2H),6.85(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),5.91(tt,J=16.6,10.2Hz,1H),5.76–5.70(m,1H),5.17–5.04(m,3H),4.95(s,1H),3.70(p,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.64–3.50(m,4H),2.51(td,J=8.7,2.0Hz,2H),1.841.68(m,2H),1.641.54(m,2H),1.441.31(m,4H),1.341.27(m,1H),0.970.86(m,5H),0.84(s,6H),0.05(d,J=5.9Hz,14H)。
S4:式(7)化合物的合成
将式(6)化合物(11.6g,20.7mmol)溶于40mL乙腈溶剂中,0℃下加入碘酰基苯甲酸(IBX)(8.9g,31.79mmol),80℃下回流。待TLC监测到反应结束后,冷却至室温,过滤除去氧化剂,减压旋去溶剂。经柱层析分离纯化得到式(7)化合物(10.6g,91%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.93(dd,J=7.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.95(dd,J=8.0,1.7Hz,1H),5.88(tt,J=16.7,9.9Hz,1H),5.12(m,2H),4.96(s,1H),3.773.67(m,3H),3.60(td,J=9.3,0.8Hz,2H),2.642.51(m,2H),1.75(m,2H),1.58(m,2H),1.44–1.36(m,1H),1.40–1.27(m,4H),0.93(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),0.92–0.86(m,3H),0.84(s,6H),0.05(d,J=5.9Hz,14H)。
S5:式(8)化合物的合成
将硼烷四氢呋喃络合物(31mL,31mmol)溶于200mL无水二氯甲烷中,氩气保护下,-20℃下滴加1M(R)-CBS-Me/硼烷组合物的甲苯溶液(32mL,32mmoL),搅拌30分钟左右。然后将式(7)化合物(11.54g,20.68mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(80mL)滴加至反应液中,-20℃下反应。待TLC监测到反应结束后,加水淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取,经柱层析分离纯化得到式(8)化合物(9.63g,83%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.3–7.23(m,2H),6.85(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),5.91(tt,J=16.6,10.2Hz,1H),5.76–5.70(m,1H),5.175.04(m,3H),4.95(s,1H),3.70(p,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.643.50(m,4H),2.51(td,J=8.7,2.0Hz,2H),1.841.68(m,2H),1.641.54(m,2H),1.44–1.31(m,4H),1.34–1.27(m,1H),0.97–0.86(m,5H),0.84(s,6H),0.05(d,J=5.9Hz,14H)。
S6:式(9)化合物的合成
将式(8)化合物(5.93g,10.57mmol)溶于无水二氯甲烷中,在0℃下依次加入2,6-二甲基吡啶(6.2mL,52.85mmol),叔丁基二甲硅基三氟甲磺酸酯(5.97ml,22.3mmol),室温反应。待TLC检测到反应结束后,水洗,二氯甲烷萃取,经柱层析分离纯化得到式(9)化合物(9.21g,96%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28–7.23(m,1H),7.19(dd,J=8.0,7.2Hz,1H),6.85(dd,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),5.95–5.83(m,1H),5.45(td,J=2.0,0.7Hz,1H),5.175.09(m,2H),4.95(s,2H),3.70(p,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.643.56(m,4H),2.542.47(m,2H),1.811.68(m,2H),1.58(m,2H),1.43–1.27(m,6H),0.97–0.88(m,3H),0.910.85(m,2H),0.83(d,J=2.4Hz,17H),0.06–0.00(m,17H)。
S7:式(10)化合物的合成
将式(9)化合物(9.2g,13.6mmol),Co2(CO)8(1.4g,4.08mmol),TMTU(0.54g,4.08mmol)溶于130mL无水甲苯中,在一氧化碳氛围下80℃搅拌至反应完全。反应完毕后冷却至室温,浓缩柱层析纯化得到式(10)化合物(8.2g,86%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.22–7.13(m,2H),6.78(dd,J=7.4,1.9Hz,1H),5.51(m,1H),4.95(s,2H),3.803.70(m,1H),3.60(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),3.28–3.18(m,1H),3.07(dd,J=12.9,8.9Hz,1H),3.00(dd,J=13.0,11.8Hz,1H),2.51(m,2H),2.34(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.22(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),1.77(td,J=9.7,8.2Hz,2H),1.56(m,2H),1.42–1.33(m,2H),1.371.27(m,4H),0.970.87(m,5H),0.84(d,J=7.0Hz,18H),0.05(d,J=6.4Hz,21H)。
S8:式(11)化合物的合成
将式(10)化合物(8.0g,11.4mmol),10%Pd/C(20%w/w),无水碳酸钾(5%w/w)溶于乙醇(100mL)中,置换氢气并加压至6bar,并于40℃下搅拌至反应完全。反应完毕后,冷却至室温,缓慢泄压,过滤后冷却至0℃,滴加5M氢氧化钠水溶液(23mL),搅拌半小时后,过滤浓缩。经柱层析纯化后得式(11)化合物(5.5g,85%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.13(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.90(M,1H),6.75(dd,J=8.1,1.1Hz,1H),4.95(s,1H),3.71(p,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.60(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),3.00(dd,J=13.0,8.9Hz,1H),2.78(dd,J=13.0,11.4Hz,1H),2.722.59(m,2H),2.562.32(m,4H),2.30–2.18(m,1H),1.76–1.55(m,4H),1.59–1.47(m,2H),1.431.27(m,6H),0.97–0.86(m,5H),0.84(s,6H),0.05(d,J=5.9Hz,14H)。
S9:式(12)化合物的合成
将式(11)化合物(5.0g,8.7mmol)溶于乙醇(55mL)中,0℃下分批加入硼氢化钠(1.0g),搅拌至反应完全。反应液用醋酸淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用1M稀盐酸和水洗涤后,经无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩后柱层析纯化,得到式(12)化合物(4.5g,90%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.15(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.83(m,1H),6.76(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),4.95(s,2H),3.96–3.87(m,1H),3.79(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.723.61(m,1H),3.60(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),2.84(dd,J=13.0,8.6Hz,1H),2.75(dd,J=13.0,11.0Hz,1H),2.652.52(m,2H),2.152.03(m,1H),2.031.92(m,2H),1.90(m,1H),1.70(m,1H),1.66–1.27(m,12H),0.970.88(m,3H),0.89(dt,J=4.5,1.2Hz,2H),0.84(s,7H),0.05(d,J=5.9Hz,15H)。
S10:式(13)化合物的合成
将式(12)化合物(4.0g,6.93mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(25mL)中,0℃下滴加四丁基氟化铵溶液(1.0M,17.3mL),室温下搅拌至反应完全。加饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相后,浓缩柱层析纯化,所得产物经重结晶得到式(13)化合物(1.9g,83%)。
1H NMR(MeOH,300MHz)δ0.89(t,3H,J)6Hz),1.1-2.30(m,19H),2.41-2.45(m,2H),2.64-2.78(m,2H),3.45-3.54(m,1H),3.55-3.81(m,1H),6.65(d,1H,J=8Hz),6.73(d,1H,J=8Hz),6.99(t,1H,J=8Hz)。
S11:式(1)化合物的合成
将式(13)化合物(1.9g,5.72mmol)溶于无水乙腈(20mL),0℃下加入无水碳酸钾(1.18g,8.58mmol)和溴乙酸,室温下搅拌至反应完全,过滤后,加入乙酸乙酯,有机相用4M盐酸调酸后浓缩,经柱层析/重结晶纯化得到式(1)化合物(2.0g,90%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ0.87(t,3H,J=6Hz),1.21-1.86(m,13H),2.02-2.44(m,4H),3.42-3.76(m,3H),3.81(s,2H),3.82-3.94(m,1H),4.63-4.68(m,1H),4.88-4.92(m,1H),4.94-4.98(m,1H),4.99-5.02(m,1H),5.60(s,1H),5.92-6.06(m,1H),6.85(d,1H,J=6Hz),7.20-7.27(m,1H),7.31-7.37(m,1H)。
实施例2:
S1:式(3)化合物的合成
在氮气氛围下,向式(2)化合物(50g,128.5mmol)的无水甲苯(210mL)溶液中加入偶氮二异丁腈(5.8g,35.3mmol),随后滴加三丁基烯丙基锡(109.5mL),滴加完毕后,置于80℃下反应,TLC监测反应完全。加入乙腈(600mL)、水(60mL),再加入氟化钾(40g)搅拌过夜,硅藻土过滤,旋干甲苯,加入乙腈、正己烷萃取三次,收集乙腈相,经饱和食盐水洗后,干燥浓缩,粗产物(NMR纯度80%),直接用于下一步。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.27(dt,J=7.6,0.9Hz,1H),7.11(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.85(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),5.91(m,1H),5.49(s,1H),5.16(d,J=16.7Hz,2H),4.95(s,2H),3.91(m,4H),3.60(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),3.55(d,J=10.2Hz,2H),1.97(m,2H),0.93(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),0.04(s,7H)。
本实施例中S2-S11步骤与实施例1完全相同。
实施例3:
S1:式(3)化合物的合成
将式(2)化合物(50g,128.5mmol),四三苯基膦钯(14.8g,12.9mmol)加入100mL无水甲苯中,在氩气保护下,加入三丁基烯丙基锡试剂(44mL,141.8mmol)并于120℃下回流反应,待TLC监测到反应完全后,冷却至室温,抽滤除去催化剂,乙酸乙酯和水萃取滤液,收集有机相,经柱层分离纯化(PE:EA 40:1-20:1)得到化合物(3)(41g,90%)。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.27(dt,J=7.6,0.9Hz,1H),7.11(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.85(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,1H),5.91(m,1H),5.49(s,1H),5.16(d,J=16.7Hz,2H),4.95(s,2H),3.91(m,4H),3.60(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),3.55(d,J=10.2Hz,2H),1.97(m,2H),0.93(t,J=9.3Hz,2H),0.04(s,7H)。
本实施例中S2-S11步骤与实施例1完全相同。
最后应当说明的是,以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换,均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种式(4)化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:将下式(2)的化合物通过烯丙基化反应,或自由基烯丙基化反应,或过渡金属催化的偶联反应得到式(3)化合物;
S2:将下式(3)化合物水解得到式(4)化合物;
反应式如下:
其中,R1表示烷基、烷氧基、环氧烷基、烷氧基烷基、烷基硅基、芳基硅基、中的任意一种;n和m独立地表示1-6的整数;R2独立地表示烷基或芳基;
X表示卤素;
Pg表示R3独立地表示烷基,n1表示1-6的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烷基为碳原子数为1-6的直链或支链烷基;所述烷氧基为碳原子数为1-6的直链或支链烷氧基;所述环氧烷基为碳原子数为3-10的环氧烷基;所述烷氧基烷基为碳原子数为1-6且含1-3个氧原子的烷氧基烷基;所述芳基为碳原子数为6-10的单环或稠环芳基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述烯丙基化反应包括如下步骤:将式(2)化合物在金属试剂作用下,在低温、非质子溶剂中转变为相应的格氏试剂,再与烯丙基卤代烃反应,得到式(3)化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述金属试剂为甲基溴化镁、甲基氯化镁、异丙基溴化镁、异丙基氯化镁、异丙基氯化镁-氯化锂复合物、正丁基锂、异丁基锂、叔丁基锂中的任意一种;优选正丁基锂;
所述低温为-80~0℃;
所述非质子溶剂为四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、乙醚、异丙醚、2-丁醚、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯中的一种或几种;优选四氢呋喃;
所述烯丙基卤代烃为X为氟、氯、溴或碘;优选地,所述烯丙基卤代烃为烯丙基氯、烯丙基溴、烯丙基碘;更优选地,所述烯丙基卤代烃为烯丙基溴。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述自由基烯丙基化反应包括如下步骤:将式(2)化合物在自由基引发剂作用下与三烷基烯丙基锡反应得到式(3)化合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述自由基引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈;
所述三烷基烯丙基锡为三甲基烯丙基锡、三乙基烯丙基锡、三正丁基烯丙基锡中的任意一种;优选三正丁基烯丙基锡;
所述反应使用的溶剂为烷烃类溶剂、苯类溶剂或醚类溶剂;优选地,所述烷烃类溶剂为环己烷;所述苯类溶剂为甲苯;所述醚类溶剂为四氢呋喃;
反应温度为30℃~100℃;优选60-80℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述过渡金属催化的偶联反应包括如下步骤:式(2)化合物与过渡金属催化剂、配体作用,与三烷基烯丙基锡试剂在无氧条件下生成式(3)化合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述过渡金属催化剂为钯催化剂;优选四(三苯基膦)钯、PdCl2(PPh3)2、PdCl2(MeCN)2或Pd2(dba)3;更优选四(三苯基膦)钯;
所述配体为有机膦配体;优选三苯基膦;
所述三烷基烯丙基锡试剂为三甲基烯丙基锡、三乙基烯丙基锡、三正丁基烯丙基锡中的任意一种;优选三正丁基烯丙基锡;
所述反应使用的溶剂为苯类溶剂、醚类溶剂或酰胺类溶剂;苯类溶剂优选甲苯;醚类溶剂优选1,4-二氧六环;酰胺类溶剂优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
反应温度为30℃~150℃,优选80-120℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中式(3)化合物在酸和溶剂条件下,水解得到式(4)化合物。
10.一种用式(4)所示化合物制备曲前列环素的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:将下式(5)化合物在金属试剂作用下与式(4)化合物反应得式(6)化合物;
S2:将下式(6)化合物进行羟基氧化得到式(7)化合物;
S3:将下式(7)化合物进行不对称还原得到式(8)化合物;
S4:将下式(8)的化合物进行羟基保护得式(9)的化合物;
S5:将下式(9)的化合物在过渡金属催化剂和一氧化碳氛围下发生合环反应得到下式(10)的化合物;
S6:将下式(10)的化合物进行催化氢化,得到下式(11)的化合物;
S7:将下式(11)的化合物进行羰基还原得到下式(12)的化合物;
S8:将下式(12)的化合物进行保护基脱除,得到下式(13)的化合物;
S9:将下式(13)的化合物进行已酸化修饰反应得到式(1)的化合物,即曲前列环素;
反应式如下:
其中,R1与Pg的定义如权利要求1所述;
Pg2和Pg3独立地表示烷基、烷氧基、环氧烷基、烷氧基烷基、烷基硅基、芳基硅基、中的任意一种;n和m独立地表示1-6的整数;R2独立地表示烷基或芳基。
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