CN117802497B - Laser plating anti-splashing device and plating system - Google Patents
Laser plating anti-splashing device and plating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117802497B CN117802497B CN202410225361.XA CN202410225361A CN117802497B CN 117802497 B CN117802497 B CN 117802497B CN 202410225361 A CN202410225361 A CN 202410225361A CN 117802497 B CN117802497 B CN 117802497B
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 111
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a laser plating anti-splashing device and a plating system, which belong to the technical field of laser plating, wherein the anti-splashing device comprises: the longitudinal air duct assembly is used for forming longitudinal protective air flow by inert gas introduced by the air inlet channel, so that splashes are prevented from entering the light channel; the transverse air duct assembly is arranged below the longitudinal air duct assembly, an air inlet, a longitudinal air duct communicated with the air inlet and a multistage wind shielding structure sleeved on the main body of the transverse air duct assembly are arranged at multiple stages along the laser transmission direction, the outer diameter of the wind shielding structure is sequentially reduced, laser holes corresponding to the light holes and the light channels are formed in the wind shielding structure, the wind shielding structure is provided with the transverse air duct, high-pressure air introduced by the air inlet is in the wind shielding structure through the transverse air duct to form transverse air flow, the splashing direction of splashes is changed, and the splashes are transversely blown out.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a laser plating anti-splashing device and a plating system, and belongs to the technical field of laser plating.
Background
The laser plating technology is a novel technology which combines the laser technology with the surface plating technology to prepare a novel plating layer and changes the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the surface of the part according to the requirements.
Such as a laser cladding technology, a laser welding technology and the like, wherein the laser cladding forms a molten pool on a metal substrate by utilizing a high-energy laser beam, metal powder conveyed to the molten pool through a powder conveying device and a powder nozzle or a coating which is pre-arranged on the substrate is melted, and a metallurgical bonding surface coating is formed with the substrate after rapid solidification, so that the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the surface of a machine body material are remarkably improved, but the powder conveying nozzle for the laser cladding lacks the splash prevention function of molten pool slag, and a protective lens of a laser processing head is easily damaged; meanwhile, the laser welding has the advantages of small heat input, high depth-to-width ratio of welding seams, high welding precision, strong adaptability and the like, is widely applied to metal plate welding in the industries of automobiles, ships, machinery manufacturing and the like, but for laser welding, particularly in the high-power laser welding process, welding slag is extremely easy to splash, and splash is ejected to an optical channel to cause damage to optical components such as a welding head lens, thereby influencing welding quality, seriously causing production interruption and increasing maintenance cost.
Accordingly, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a laser plating anti-splash device and a plating system.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the application, a laser plating splash-proof device is provided, which effectively prevents splash from being ejected in a plating process, avoids damage to optical components and the like, prolongs the service life of a plating spray head, and further improves the processing efficiency.
A laser cladding splash guard, comprising:
The longitudinal air duct assembly comprises a first longitudinal air assembly and a second longitudinal air assembly, wherein the first longitudinal air assembly and the second longitudinal air assembly are arranged up and down and are provided with a first feeding channel penetrating along a central shaft, at least two light holes and air inlet channels are arranged on the first longitudinal air assembly, the light holes and the air inlet channels are staggered, the light holes are distributed at equal intervals along the circumference of the first feeding channel and are arranged in an inclined manner, the light holes are laser channels, and the air inlet channels are used for introducing inert gas;
The second longitudinal air component is provided with an optical channel corresponding to the optical hole, an annular groove is formed in the contact position of the second longitudinal air component and the first longitudinal air component, and the annular groove is respectively communicated with the air inlet channel and the optical channel and is used for forming longitudinal protective air flow by inert gas introduced by the air inlet channel so as to prevent splashes from entering the optical channel;
the transverse air duct assembly is arranged below the second longitudinal air assembly and is provided with a second feeding channel penetrating along a central shaft, and the second feeding channel and the first feeding channel are positioned on the same axis; the device is characterized in that an air inlet, a longitudinal air passage communicated with the air inlet and a multistage wind shielding structure are arranged on the transverse air passage assembly in a sleeved mode, the outer diameter of the wind shielding structure is sequentially reduced along the laser transmission direction in a multistage mode, laser holes corresponding to the light holes and the light passages are formed in the wind shielding structure, the wind shielding structure is provided with the transverse air passage, high-pressure air introduced from the air inlet forms transverse air flow below the wind shielding structure through the transverse air passage, the splashing direction of splashes is changed, and the splashes are transversely blown out.
Further, the number of the light holes, the number of the light channels and the number of the laser holes are the same;
the light hole, the light channel and the laser hole are positioned on the same axis and are intersected with the extension lines of the central axes of the first feeding channel and the second feeding channel.
Further, the multistage wind shielding structure comprises a first baffle, a second baffle, a third baffle and a fourth baffle which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and laser holes penetrating through the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle are formed in the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle;
The first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle are all of disc structures and are sleeved on the main body of the transverse air duct assembly, the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle are of coaxial design, and the axle center is overlapped with the axes of the first feeding channel and the second feeding channel;
Gaps are formed in the upper surfaces of the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle, the gaps are air passing grooves used for generating transverse air flow, the positions of the air passing grooves correspond to the laser holes in the corresponding baffle, the number of the air passing grooves is consistent with that of the laser holes in the corresponding baffle, and the width of the air passing grooves is not smaller than the diameter of the laser holes;
The air inlet is positioned above the first baffle, the air passing groove is communicated with the longitudinal air passage, and is used for enabling high-pressure air introduced by the air inlet to pass through the air passing groove to form transverse air flow, and splashing matters ejected by the molten pool are transversely blown out, so that the direction of the splashing matters is changed, and the splashing matters are prevented from entering the optical channel.
Further, the outer diameter of the fourth baffle is larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the laser hole of the third baffle, the outer diameter of the third baffle is larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the laser hole of the second baffle, and the outer diameter of the second baffle is larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the laser hole of the first baffle;
the outer diameter of the first baffle is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the light channel.
Further, a baffle fastener is further arranged at the bottom of the transverse air duct assembly main body, and the baffle fastener is fixed at the bottom of the fourth baffle and used for fixing the multi-stage wind shielding structure.
Further, the second longitudinal air component is further provided with an air knife, the upper part of the optical channel is provided with an inverted conical space, the air knife is installed in the inverted conical space, the outer wall of the air knife is circumferentially provided with a plurality of ventilation grooves, and the annular grooves are communicated with the optical channel through the ventilation grooves and are used for forming longitudinal protective air flow for inert gas introduced by the air inlet channel so as to prevent splashes from entering the optical channel;
The outer diameter of the contact position of the air knife and the optical channel is the same as the inner diameter of the inlet of the optical channel.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a laser cladding system using a laser cladding anti-splash device, characterized by comprising:
The laser cladding equipment is provided with a laser cladding head for adding cladding materials on the surface of the substrate and fusing the cladding materials and the thin layer on the surface of the substrate together by utilizing a plurality of laser beams with high energy density, and the laser cladding head is provided with a splash preventing device for preventing splashes in the cladding process from entering a laser channel;
The laser cladding equipment comprises a surface thin layer detection module, a laser cladding module and a laser cladding module, wherein the surface thin layer detection module is used for detecting cladding quality of a surface thin layer formed on a substrate;
The surface thin layer detection module includes:
the first data acquisition unit is used for acquiring surface thin layer information;
The surface thin layer is divided into a plurality of first feature blocks by the first feature extraction unit, and the serial number of each first feature block is recorded;
a first information analysis unit that compares information of the first feature block having a specific number with a set first threshold;
The first instruction issuing unit marks a first characteristic block lower than a set threshold value, inputs a repairing instruction to a controller of the laser cladding equipment, and carries out cladding action of repairing a region corresponding to the first characteristic block.
Further, the setting of the first threshold includes:
The bath temperature, dilution rate, and overlap rate of adjacent melts covered way for each of the first feature blocks.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser welding system using a laser plating splash prevention device, comprising:
a laser welding apparatus having a laser welding head for performing precision welding using a plurality of laser beams with high energy density as a heat source, the laser welding head having a splash preventing device to prevent a splash in a welding process from entering into a laser passage;
the laser welding equipment comprises a welding line detection module and a welding line detection module, wherein the welding line detection module is used for detecting the welding quality of a welding line of a welding workpiece;
the weld detection module includes:
the second data acquisition unit is used for acquiring welding information of a welding seam of the welding workpiece;
the second feature extraction unit divides a welding seam of the welding workpiece into a plurality of second feature blocks and records the number of each second feature block;
a second information analysis unit comparing the information of the second feature block having a specific number with a set second threshold;
And the second instruction issuing unit marks a second characteristic block which is not in the set threshold range, inputs a repairing instruction to a controller of the laser welding equipment and performs a welding action of repairing a region corresponding to the block.
Further, the second threshold setting basis includes:
the molten pool temperature, the dilution rate and the deformation of the welding workpiece of each second characteristic block.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1) The application provides a laser plating anti-splashing device, which is provided with a longitudinal air duct component and a transverse air duct component, wherein the longitudinal air duct component is used for forming longitudinal protective air flow by inert gas introduced into an air inlet channel so as to prevent splashes from entering an optical channel; the transverse air duct component is used for enabling high-pressure air introduced from the air inlet to form transverse air flow below the wind shielding structure through the transverse air duct, changing the splashing direction of splashes and transversely blowing out the splashes.
2) The laser cladding system provided by the application has the advantages that the laser cladding head with the anti-splashing device effectively avoids splashes in the cladding process from entering the laser channel; meanwhile, a surface thin layer detection module is arranged to detect the cladding quality of the surface thin layer formed on the substrate, so that the cladding quality is improved.
3) The laser welding system provided by the application has the advantages that the laser welding head with the anti-splashing device effectively avoids splashes in the welding process from entering the laser channel; and meanwhile, a welding line detection module is arranged to detect the welding quality of the welding line of the welding workpiece, so that the welding quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a laser plating anti-splashing device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a laser plating anti-splashing device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of a longitudinal air duct assembly of a laser plating anti-splash device according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a windshield structure of a laser plating anti-splash device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a knife in a laser plating anti-splash device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a wind shielding structure in a laser plating anti-splash device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a laser cladding system according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a cladding result of a laser cladding system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a second schematic diagram of a cladding result of a laser cladding system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a laser welding system in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;
list of parts and reference numerals: 1-a first longitudinal wind assembly; 2-a second longitudinal wind assembly; 3-a first feed channel; 4-a light hole; 5-an intake passage; 6-optical channels; 7-an annular groove; 8-a transverse air duct assembly; 9-a second feed channel; 10-air inlet; 11-longitudinal airways; 12-laser holes; 13-a first baffle; 14-a second baffle; 15-a third baffle; 16-fourth baffle; 17-passing air tank; 18-a baffle fastener; 19-an air knife; 20-vent grooves.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1-6, a laser plating splash guard, comprising:
The longitudinal air duct assembly comprises a first longitudinal air assembly 1 and a second longitudinal air assembly 2, wherein the first longitudinal air assembly 1 and the second longitudinal air assembly 2 are arranged up and down and are provided with a first feeding channel 3 penetrating along a central shaft, at least two light holes 4 and an air inlet channel 5 are arranged on the first longitudinal air assembly 1, the light holes 4 and the air inlet channel 5 are staggered, the light holes 4 are distributed at equal intervals along the circumference of the first feeding channel 3 and are obliquely arranged, the light holes 4 are laser channels, and the air inlet channel 5 is used for introducing inert gas;
the light holes are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the longitudinal air duct assembly, and an included angle between the axes of the light holes and the central axis of the first feeding channel is 8-30 degrees.
The second longitudinal air component 2 is provided with an optical channel 6 corresponding to the optical hole 4, the contact position of the second longitudinal air component 2 and the first longitudinal air component 1 is provided with an annular groove 7, the annular groove 7 is respectively communicated with the air inlet channel 5 and the optical channel 6, a first air channel is formed on the lower surface of the annular groove and the lower surface of the first longitudinal air component, and the first air channel is used for forming longitudinal protective air flow by inert gas introduced by the air inlet channel 5 so as to prevent splashes from entering the optical channel;
the application is characterized in that a plurality of lasers are sprayed, the lasers enter through the light holes and pass through the light channels, meanwhile, inert gas is introduced into the air inlet channels, and the inert gas passes through the annular grooves to form longitudinal protective air flow along the light channels so as to prevent splashes from entering the light channels;
A transverse air duct assembly 8 disposed below the second longitudinal air assembly 2, the transverse air duct assembly 8 having a second feed channel 9 extending therethrough along a central axis, the second feed channel 9 being co-axially located with the first feed channel 3; the transverse air duct assembly 8 is provided with an air inlet 10, a longitudinal air duct 11 communicated with the air inlet 10, and a multistage wind shielding structure sleeved on the main body of the transverse air duct assembly 8, the outer diameter of the wind shielding structure is sequentially reduced along the laser transmission direction in multiple stages, the wind shielding structure is provided with laser holes 12 corresponding to the light holes 4 and the light channels 6, the wind shielding structure is provided with a transverse air duct, high-pressure gas introduced by the air inlet 10 forms transverse air flow below the wind shielding structure through the transverse air duct, the splashing direction of splashes is changed, and the splashes are transversely blown out.
Meanwhile, the device is also provided with a multi-stage wind shielding structure, and the device is characterized in that the device is further provided with a protective air flow which is introduced into the air inlet, enters the longitudinal air channels and reaches the positions of each transverse air channel, and high-pressure air transversely flows out through the transverse air channels to form transverse air flow, so that the splashing direction of splashes is changed, and the splashes are transversely blown out, wherein the number of the air inlet and the number of the longitudinal channels can be one or a plurality.
Furthermore, the wind shielding structure is provided with a laser hole, and a plurality of lasers enter the laser hole after passing through the laser hole and the optical channel, so as to perform laser plating action.
Specifically, by arranging the transverse air duct component and the longitudinal air duct component, transverse air ducts and longitudinal air ducts are correspondingly generated in the plating process, so that the generated splashes change the splashing direction, and the splashes are effectively prevented from entering the laser channel, thereby improving the plating quality.
It is worth to say that, in order to guarantee the sealed effect of whole structure, first longitudinal wind subassembly and second longitudinal wind subassembly junction and need sealed department to be provided with many sealing washer.
The number of the light holes 4, the light channels 6 and the laser holes 12 is the same;
the optical aperture 4, the optical channel 6 and the laser aperture 12 are located on the same axis and intersect with the extension lines of the central axes of the first feed channel 3 and the second feed channel 9.
Specifically, most laser beams are emitted through the light hole, the light channel and the laser hole, and laser plating action is performed at the intersection point of the axis and the central axis.
The multistage wind shielding structure comprises a first baffle 13, a second baffle 14, a third baffle 15 and a fourth baffle 16 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein laser holes 12 penetrating through the first baffle 13, the second baffle 14, the third baffle 15 and the fourth baffle 16 are formed;
The first baffle 13, the second baffle 14, the third baffle 15 and the fourth baffle 16 are all in disc structures and are sleeved on the main body of the transverse air duct assembly 8, the first baffle 13, the second baffle 14, the third baffle 15 and the fourth baffle 16 are coaxially designed, and the axle centers are overlapped with the axle centers of the first feeding channel 3 and the second feeding channel 9;
Gaps are arranged on the upper surfaces of the second baffle plate 14, the third baffle plate 15 and the fourth baffle plate 16, the gaps are air passing grooves 17 used for generating transverse air flow, the positions of the air passing grooves 17 correspond to the positions of the laser holes 12 on the corresponding baffle plates, the number of the air passing grooves 17 is consistent with the number of the laser holes 12 on the corresponding baffle plates, and the width of the air passing grooves 17 is not smaller than the diameter of the laser holes 12;
the air inlet 10 is located above the first baffle 13, the air passing groove 17 is communicated with the longitudinal air passage 11, and is used for enabling high-pressure air introduced by the air inlet to form transverse air flow through the air passing groove 17, transversely blowing out splashes ejected by a molten pool, changing the direction of the splashes, and preventing the splashes from entering the optical channel.
Specifically, the first baffle is disc structure, overlaps on horizontal wind channel subassembly main part, is equipped with the unthreaded hole the same with the quantity on the vertical wind channel subassembly, and the unthreaded hole of equipment corresponds with the optical channel one by one, and the center of laser hole is located the axis of unthreaded hole, and the external diameter of first baffle 13 is greater than the circumscribed circle diameter of optical channel 6, and one is in order to prevent that vertical air current from blowing to the molten bath from influencing welding quality, and its second has blockked below splash entering optical channel.
The second baffle is sleeved on the transverse air duct assembly main body as well and is in contact with the lower surface of the first baffle, the second baffle is provided with laser holes with the same quantity as the longitudinal air duct assembly, the laser holes and the optical channels are in one-to-one correspondence after assembly, and the centers of the laser holes are positioned on the axes of the optical holes.
The upper surface of second baffle is equipped with the air passing groove in the position corresponding with the laser hole, the air passing groove forms horizontal air flue with the lower surface of first baffle, and communicates with vertical air flue, and the air current in the ring channel can blow out through horizontal air flue.
The third baffle and the fourth baffle are similar to the second baffle in structure and are sequentially sleeved on the main body of the transverse air duct assembly.
The third baffle and the fourth baffle are respectively provided with laser holes with the same quantity as the longitudinal air duct assemblies, the laser holes and the optical channels after assembly are in one-to-one correspondence, and the centers of the laser holes are positioned on the axes of the optical holes.
The upper surfaces of the third baffle and the fourth baffle are also provided with air passing grooves at the positions of the unthreaded holes, respectively form transverse air passages with the lower surface of the previous baffle and are communicated with the longitudinal air passages, and air flow in the annular grooves can be blown out through the corresponding transverse air passages.
The outer diameter of the fourth baffle 16 is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the laser hole of the third baffle 15, the outer diameter of the third baffle 15 is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the laser hole of the second baffle 14, and the outer diameter of the second baffle 14 is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the laser hole of the first baffle 13;
the outer diameter of the first baffle 13 is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the light channel 6.
The bottom of the main body of the transverse air duct assembly 8 is further provided with a baffle fastener 18, and the baffle fastener 18 is fixed at the bottom of the fourth baffle 16 and is used for fixing the multi-stage wind shielding structure.
Specifically, the baffle plate fastener is fixed at the bottom of the fourth baffle plate through threads and is used for fastening all baffle plates.
The second longitudinal air component 2 is further provided with an air knife 19, the upper part of the air channel 6 is provided with an inverted conical space, the air knife 19 is installed in the inverted conical space, the outer wall of the air knife 19 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of ventilation grooves 20, and the annular groove 7 is communicated with the air channel 6 through the ventilation grooves 20 and is used for forming longitudinal protective air flow for inert gas introduced by the air inlet channel 5 so as to prevent splashes from entering the air channel;
The outer diameter of the contact position of the air knife 19 and the optical channel 6 is the same as the inner diameter of the inlet of the optical channel 6.
Furthermore, in order to better improve the plating quality and reduce the splashing, the parameters of related equipment, such as power and the like, can be properly adjusted in the plating process, so that the bottoms of the first baffle plate, the second baffle plate, the third baffle plate and the fourth baffle plate are respectively provided with a film pressure plate, and the film pressure plates are positioned outside the outlets of the laser holes, namely, the edge positions of the bottoms of the first baffle plate, the second baffle plate, the third baffle plate and the fourth baffle plate, thereby avoiding influencing the transmission path of laser;
It is worth to say that, the bottom of each baffle is provided with a film pressure plate, on one hand, parameters of related equipment can be adjusted according to the pressure of each film pressure plate, and on the other hand, parameters of related equipment can be adjusted according to the ejection height and width of splashes (the film pressure plate of which baffle is ejected to and the pressure of the film pressure plate);
in particular, the membrane pressure plate may be a flexible membrane sensing element.
Example 2: referring to fig. 7-9, a laser cladding system utilizing a laser cladding anti-splash device, comprising:
The laser cladding equipment is provided with a laser cladding head for adding cladding materials on the surface of the substrate and fusing the cladding materials and the thin layer on the surface of the substrate together by utilizing a plurality of laser beams with high energy density, and the laser cladding head is provided with a splash preventing device for preventing splashes in the cladding process from entering a laser channel;
The first feeding channel and the second feeding channel are powder feeding channels, and alloy powder is selected from powder, specifically iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder XS-320;
specifically, when cladding is performed, laser cladding conditions are ensured: the laser power is 1000-8000W;
the scanning speed is 0.2-10 m/min;
The light spot size is 3-6 mm;
The powder feeding amount is 8-40 g/min;
argon (inert gas) protects a molten pool in the cladding process, and the gas supply pressure is as follows: 0.05 And (5) MPa.
In the cladding process, the cladding head is provided with an anti-splashing structure, so that the influence on cladding quality is reduced, but the cladding process is a process which changes dynamically along with time, fluctuation of technological parameters or disturbance of external environment can lead to change of the appearance of a molten pool, and as cladding is carried out, the temperature of a substrate and a formed part is continuously accumulated, the heat dissipation condition is poor, the size of the molten pool is increased, so that the quality problem of a cladding surface is necessarily caused, and therefore, a thin surface layer after laser cladding needs to be detected;
the laser cladding equipment is provided with a surface thin layer detection module for detecting cladding quality of a surface thin layer formed on the substrate;
The surface thin layer detection module includes:
the first data acquisition unit is used for acquiring surface thin layer information;
The surface thin layer is divided into a plurality of first feature blocks by the first feature extraction unit, and the serial number of each first feature block is recorded;
a first information analysis unit that compares information of the first feature block having a specific number with a set first threshold range;
The first instruction issuing unit marks a first characteristic block which is not in a set threshold range, inputs a repairing instruction to a controller of the laser cladding equipment, and carries out cladding action of repairing a region corresponding to the first characteristic block.
The first threshold setting basis comprises:
The bath temperature, dilution rate, and overlap rate of adjacent melts covered way for each of the first feature blocks.
The dilution ratio is the degree of change in the composition of the clad alloy due to the mixing of the melted base material in the laser cladding, and is expressed as a percentage of the base material alloy to the total clad layer, see fig. 8:
η=A2/(A1+A2)=h/(H+h)
Wherein A2 represents the cladding volume of the substrate;
a1 represents the volume of the cladding layer;
H represents the height of the cladding layer;
h represents the penetration of the substrate;
W represents the width of the cladding layer.
When cladding, if not carrying out overlap joint, the effective thickness of cladding layer of different times junction is 0, and surface roughness is poor, when carrying out the multichannel cladding, overlap joint rate is the ratio of overlap joint width between adjacent cladding covered way and single-channel cladding layer width: r 0=D0/W100%, see fig. 9.
It is worth noting that the division of the surface of the thin layer is divided longitudinally or transversely according to the formation of a single fuse covered way, and meanwhile, each fuse covered way is divided into a plurality of first characteristic blocks in the length direction;
The temperature of the molten pool is detected by a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) high-temperature detection technology, so that the temperature range of the molten pool of each first characteristic block is ensured to be between 1580 ℃ and 1960 ℃.
The related information of the surface thin layer is collected through the photoelectric sensor, so that the dilution rate eta of each first characteristic block is ensured to be less than 10%, the dilution rate is low, the heat affected zone is small, and the structure is compact and the cladding effect is good.
The lap joint rate is ensured to be between 35 and 85 percent, and the adjacent melts covered way are identical in height.
When the difference is not within the threshold value range, the reason of the difference is clearly generated, the first instruction issuing unit gives corresponding instructions, and corresponding parameters or conditions of the laser cladding equipment are changed to perform repairing actions; or the first instruction issuing unit gives the cladding instruction to directly carry out corresponding cladding action.
Example 3: referring to fig. 10, a laser welding system using a laser plating splash guard, comprising:
A laser welding apparatus having a laser welding head for performing precision welding using a plurality of laser beams of high energy density as a heat source, the laser welding head having a splash preventing device to prevent a splash during welding from entering into a laser passage;
wherein the first feed channel and the second feed channel are welding material channels.
In the welding process, the welding head is provided with an anti-splashing structure, so that the influence on welding quality is reduced, but the microstructure of each part can also show different characteristics due to the fact that the welding process is complex and the hot working degrees of different parts are different, and the performances of rigidity, toughness and the like of a weldment can be influenced. Therefore, the effective acquisition of the micro information of the laser welding seam for relevant detection is a key for improving the quality of the weldment.
Welding a workpiece: 10-12mm stainless steel;
Ensuring laser welding conditions:
A gas laser is selected: continuous working mode, power is 2000-6000W;
argon (inert gas) protects the molten pool during welding, and the flow is about 20L/min.
The laser welding equipment comprises a welding line detection module and a welding line detection module, wherein the welding line detection module is used for detecting the welding quality of a welding line of a welding workpiece;
the weld detection module includes:
the second data acquisition unit is used for acquiring welding information of a welding seam of the welding workpiece;
the second feature extraction unit divides a welding seam of the welding workpiece into a plurality of second feature blocks and records the number of each second feature block;
The second information analysis unit is used for comparing the information of the second characteristic block with the specific number with a set second threshold range and determining the welding condition with a problem;
And the second instruction issuing unit marks a second characteristic block which is not in the set threshold range, inputs a repairing instruction to a controller of the laser welding equipment and performs a welding action of repairing a region corresponding to the block.
The second threshold setting basis comprises:
the molten pool temperature, the dilution rate and the deformation of the welding workpiece of each second characteristic block.
The temperature of a molten pool of laser welding is detected by a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) high-temperature detection technology, and meanwhile, in the process of forming a welding line by laser welding, charges are generated when a laser beam irradiates on the surface of a welding piece, so that a bright field and a dark field exist simultaneously, the resolution of an image is reduced, and in order to reduce the defects, when an incident laser beam irradiates on the surface of the welding piece, an ion sputtering instrument is utilized to enable the surface of the welding piece to have conductivity, so that deposited charges can be effectively eliminated, the imaging environment is uniform in brightness, and the detail information of the welding line is more obvious. Ensuring that the bath temperature of each second feature block lies in the range 1800-2500 ℃.
The dilution ratio of laser welding is the degree to which the metal to be welded is diluted during metal overlay welding, and is expressed as a percentage of the metal of the base metal or the pre-overlay metal in the weld metal.
The weld joint related information is collected through the photoelectric sensor, so that the dilution rate eta=20-40% of each second characteristic block is ensured, the heat affected zone is reduced, and welding defects are avoided.
The deformation of the welded workpiece can be represented by the transverse shrinkage and the longitudinal shrinkage, and the higher the welding line energy is, the larger the plate thickness is, and the smaller the transverse shrinkage is, so that the welding line energy and the plate thickness directly influence the transverse deformation; the greater the weld line energy, the greater the longitudinal shrinkage deformation, and the stresses induced by the weld are non-uniform when the weld is positioned asymmetrically in the component, which shortens the component while bending the component to produce flexural deformation. Under the condition, ensuring that the transverse shrinkage and the longitudinal shrinkage meet the welding deformation standard specification;
When the difference is not within the threshold value range, the reason of the difference is clearly generated, the second instruction issuing unit gives corresponding instructions, and corresponding parameters or conditions of the laser welding equipment are changed to perform repairing actions; or the second instruction issuing unit gives the welding instruction to directly perform corresponding welding actions.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the application, and it is intended that the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed.
Claims (7)
1. A laser cladding splash guard, comprising:
The longitudinal air duct assembly comprises a first longitudinal air assembly and a second longitudinal air assembly, wherein the first longitudinal air assembly and the second longitudinal air assembly are arranged up and down and are provided with a first feeding channel penetrating along a central shaft, at least two light holes and air inlet channels are arranged on the first longitudinal air assembly, the light holes and the air inlet channels are staggered, the light holes are distributed at equal intervals along the circumference of the first feeding channel and are arranged in an inclined manner, the light holes are laser channels, and the air inlet channels are used for introducing inert gas;
The second longitudinal air component is provided with an optical channel corresponding to the optical hole, an annular groove is formed in the contact position of the second longitudinal air component and the first longitudinal air component, and the annular groove is respectively communicated with the air inlet channel and the optical channel and is used for forming longitudinal protective air flow by inert gas introduced by the air inlet channel so as to prevent splashes from entering the optical channel;
The transverse air duct assembly is arranged below the second longitudinal air assembly and is provided with a second feeding channel penetrating along a central shaft, and the second feeding channel and the first feeding channel are positioned on the same axis; the device comprises a transverse air duct assembly, a transverse air duct assembly and a multi-stage wind shielding structure, wherein the transverse air duct assembly is provided with an air inlet, a longitudinal air duct communicated with the air inlet, the multi-stage wind shielding structure is sleeved on a main body of the transverse air duct assembly, the outer diameters of the wind shielding structure are sequentially reduced along the laser transmission direction, the wind shielding structure is provided with laser holes corresponding to the light holes and the light channels, the wind shielding structure is provided with the transverse air duct, high-pressure gas introduced by the air inlet forms transverse air flow below the wind shielding structure through the transverse air duct, the splashing direction of splashes is changed, and the splashes are transversely blown out;
The multistage wind shielding structure comprises a first baffle, a second baffle, a third baffle and a fourth baffle which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and laser holes penetrating through the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle are formed in the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle;
The first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle are all of disc structures and are sleeved on the main body of the transverse air duct assembly, the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle are of coaxial design, and the axle center is overlapped with the axes of the first feeding channel and the second feeding channel;
Gaps are formed in the upper surfaces of the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle, the gaps are air passing grooves used for generating transverse air flow, the positions of the air passing grooves correspond to the laser holes in the corresponding baffle, the number of the air passing grooves is consistent with that of the laser holes in the corresponding baffle, and the width of the air passing grooves is not smaller than the diameter of the laser holes;
The air inlet is positioned above the first baffle, the air passing groove is communicated with the longitudinal air passage and is used for enabling high-pressure air introduced by the air inlet to form transverse air flow through the air passing groove, transversely blowing out splashes ejected by the molten pool, changing the direction of the splashes and avoiding the splashes from entering the optical channel;
The outer diameter of the fourth baffle is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the laser hole of the third baffle, the outer diameter of the third baffle is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the laser hole of the second baffle, and the outer diameter of the second baffle is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the laser hole of the first baffle;
The outer diameter of the first baffle is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the optical channel;
The second longitudinal air component is further provided with an air knife, the upper part of the optical channel is provided with an inverted cone-shaped space, the air knife is installed in the inverted cone-shaped space, the outer wall of the air knife is circumferentially provided with a plurality of ventilation grooves, and the annular grooves are communicated with the optical channel through the ventilation grooves and are used for forming longitudinal protective air flow for inert gas introduced by the air inlet channel so as to prevent splashes from entering the optical channel;
the outer diameter of the contact position of the air knife and the optical channel is the same as the inner diameter of the inlet of the optical channel;
The bottoms of the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle are respectively provided with a film pressure plate, the film pressure plates are positioned at the outer sides of the laser hole outlets, the outer sides of the laser hole outlets are the edge positions of the bottoms of the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle, the influence on the transmission path of laser is avoided, and the film pressure plates are flexible film sensing elements;
The laser splash-proof device is applied to laser cladding and laser welding.
2. The laser plating anti-splash device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the light holes, the number of the light channels and the number of the laser holes are the same;
the light hole, the light channel and the laser hole are positioned on the same axis and are intersected with the extension lines of the central axes of the first feeding channel and the second feeding channel.
3. The laser plating splash guard of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the transverse air duct assembly body is further provided with a baffle fastener, and the baffle fastener is fixed to the bottom of the fourth baffle for fixing the multi-stage wind shielding structure.
4. A laser cladding system utilizing the laser cladding anti-spatter device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
The laser cladding equipment is provided with a laser cladding head for adding cladding materials on the surface of the substrate and fusing the cladding materials and the thin layer on the surface of the substrate together by utilizing a plurality of laser beams with high energy density, and the laser cladding head is provided with a splash preventing device for preventing splashes in the cladding process from entering a laser channel;
the laser cladding equipment is provided with a surface thin layer detection module for detecting cladding quality of a surface thin layer formed on the substrate;
The surface thin layer detection module includes:
the first data acquisition unit is used for acquiring surface thin layer information;
The surface thin layer is divided into a plurality of first feature blocks by the first feature extraction unit, and the serial number of each first feature block is recorded;
a first information analysis unit that compares information of the first feature block having a specific number with a set first threshold range;
The first instruction issuing unit marks a first characteristic block which is not in a set threshold range, inputs a repairing instruction to a controller of the laser cladding equipment, and carries out cladding action of repairing a region corresponding to the first characteristic block.
5. The laser cladding system of claim 4, wherein the first threshold setting is based on:
The bath temperature, dilution rate, and overlap rate of adjacent melts covered way for each of the first feature blocks.
6. A laser welding system utilizing the laser plating anti-spatter device of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
A laser welding apparatus having a laser welding head for performing precision welding using a plurality of laser beams of high energy density as a heat source, the laser welding head having a splash preventing device to prevent a splash during welding from entering into a laser passage;
the laser welding equipment comprises a welding line detection module and a welding line detection module, wherein the welding line detection module is used for detecting the welding quality of a welding line of a welding workpiece;
the weld detection module includes:
the second data acquisition unit is used for acquiring welding information of a welding seam of the welding workpiece;
the second feature extraction unit divides a welding seam of the welding workpiece into a plurality of second feature blocks and records the number of each second feature block;
A second information analysis unit comparing the information of the second feature block having a specific number with a set second threshold range;
And the second instruction issuing unit marks a second characteristic block which is not in the set threshold range, inputs a repairing instruction to a controller of the laser welding equipment and performs a welding action of repairing a region corresponding to the block.
7. The laser welding system of claim 6, wherein the second threshold setting is based on:
the molten pool temperature, the dilution rate and the deformation of the welding workpiece of each second characteristic block.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201049965Y (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-04-23 | 北京工业大学 | Semiconductor laser melting and coating working head |
| CN110449735A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-11-15 | 包头市三泰激光科技有限公司 | Back flushing type laser protector and its application method |
| CN112570886A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Laser welding air knife protection device and use method thereof |
| CN115056239A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-16 | 山东大学 | Film wall robot laser cladding method and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9352420B2 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2016-05-31 | Ronald Peter Whitfield | Laser cladding device with an improved zozzle |
| US20090291197A1 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-11-26 | Fraunhofer Usa | Laser cladding of tubes |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201049965Y (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-04-23 | 北京工业大学 | Semiconductor laser melting and coating working head |
| CN110449735A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-11-15 | 包头市三泰激光科技有限公司 | Back flushing type laser protector and its application method |
| CN112570886A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Laser welding air knife protection device and use method thereof |
| CN115056239A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-16 | 山东大学 | Film wall robot laser cladding method and system |
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