CN117487113A - 一种水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117487113A CN117487113A CN202311548405.4A CN202311548405A CN117487113A CN 117487113 A CN117487113 A CN 117487113A CN 202311548405 A CN202311548405 A CN 202311548405A CN 117487113 A CN117487113 A CN 117487113A
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- aqueous polyurethane
- polyurethane emulsion
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Classifications
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- C08G18/288—Compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
本发明提供一种水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法和应用,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的原料包括第一预聚体、第二预聚体、羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂、二元肼和中和剂,所述第一预聚体的原料包括第一聚合多元醇、第一异氰酸酯、羟基环氧树脂、氨基硅氧烷、含酮羰基的小分子醇和第一亲水扩链剂,所述第二预聚体的原料包括第二聚合多元醇、第二异氰酸酯、多元醇扩链剂和第二亲水扩链剂;通过选用亲水含量不同的第一预聚体和第二预聚体进行搭配,辅以羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂和二元肼三者搭配进行扩链,有效提高了聚氨酯树脂的交联度,得到了兼具优异耐擦性、耐热性、耐候性及机械强度的水性聚氨酯乳液。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及一种水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
水性聚氨酯广泛应用涂料、胶粘剂、油墨、合成革等领域。目前,水性聚氨酯较为成熟的工业生产方法为预聚体法和丙酮法;丙酮法一般是由多元醇、多异氰酸酯、小分子二醇或者二元胺等反应制备预聚体,同时加入大量丙酮稀释溶解降粘,继而中和并加水进行分散,随后通过蒸馏脱除丙酮,制得水性聚氨酯产品;预聚体法一般是指在无溶剂或者少量溶剂下先制得预聚物,预聚物基本不扩链,将其分散到水溶液中后,再以脂肪胺或肼进行扩链制得水性聚氨酯产品。
其中,丙酮法需要使用大量丙酮作为溶剂,在合成和脱溶回收过程中需要消耗大量能耗,同时丙酮沸点低,易挥发,回收率很难达到99%以上,会造成大量碳排放和能源浪费;而预聚体法面临预聚体粘度大,难以乳化等困难,无法大范围推广,且制备得到的水性聚氨酯树脂分子量小,基本不含交联结构,应用范围窄。
目前,常用的解决办法主要是通过使用特殊的异氰酸酯、特殊的多元醇、少量高沸点溶剂,或者丙烯酸酯类活性单体稀释等手段,降低预聚体的粘度,进而合成聚氨酯分散体,但是由于预聚体的粘度限制,无法合成高交联度、高强度、性能优异的产品,且生产乳化需要使用大功率乳化设备,操作难度大,产品稳定性差;同时基于环保和性能要求,采用预聚体法制备高交联度的水性聚氨酯分散体是必然趋势,也是行业难点。
因此,急需开发一种适用于预聚体法的水性聚氨酯乳液,以解决上述技术问题中的至少一个。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法和应用,通过选用亲水含量不同的第一预聚体和第二预聚体进行搭配作为水性聚氨酯乳液的主要制备原料,以所述第一预聚体作为稀释剂,可以有效降低体系的粘度,辅以羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂和二元肼三种原料进行后扩链,大幅度提高了聚氨酯树脂的交联度,得到了兼具优异耐擦性、耐热性、耐候性及机械强度的水性聚氨酯乳液。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种水性聚氨酯乳液,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料包括第一预聚体、第二预聚体、羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂、二元肼和中和剂;
所述第一预聚体的制备原料包括第一聚合多元醇、第一异氰酸酯、第一亲水扩链剂、羟基环氧树脂、氨基硅氧烷和含酮羰基的小分子醇;
所述第二预聚体的制备原料包括第二聚合多元醇、第二异氰酸酯、第二亲水扩链剂和多元醇扩链剂。
本发明提供的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料包括第一预聚体、第二预聚体、羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂、二元肼和中和剂,上述第一预聚体和第二预聚体具有不同的亲水含量,限定所述第一预聚体的制备原料包括第一聚合多元醇、第一异氰酸酯、羟基环氧树脂、氨基硅氧烷、含酮羰基的小分子醇和第一亲水扩链剂,上述制备原料中的羟基环氧树脂、氨基硅氧烷、含酮羰基的小分子醇均可以作为封端剂,使得到所述第一预聚体为酮羰基、硅氧烷和环氧共同封端的聚氨酯预聚体,同时通过上述制备原料进行搭配,使得到所述第一预聚体还具有低分子量、低粘度以及可后交联的特点,进而可以作为稀释剂,将第一预聚体和第二预聚体混合后,可有效降低第二预聚体的粘度;其次,在第一预聚体和第二预聚体混合后,添加羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂和二元肼三种原料作为扩链剂,可在第二预聚体的分子链段上引入羟基、肼基和胺基,使得到的乳液在保温加热的条件下,乳液中的硅氧烷和羟基在胶束内部交联,而酮羰基和肼基,环氧基团和氨基则能够在乳液成膜烘干过程中发生交联反应,进而可以大幅度提高聚氨酯树脂的交联度,得到兼具优异耐磨性、耐热性、耐候性及机械强度的水性聚氨酯乳液;
具体而分析如下:
(1)对于硅氧烷和羟基的交联反应而言,常规的丙酮法水性聚氨酯合成方法中,一般在预聚阶段加入氨基硅氧烷,并分散形成水性聚氨酯分散体,水性聚氨酯分散体在干燥成膜过程中,硅氧烷会发生水解生成硅羟基并迅速缩合形成交联,但是该方法的缺点为水性聚氨酯分散体中的硅氧烷在含丙酮的乳液中并不能稳定存在,水分极易溶胀到胶束内部导致硅氧烷水解失效,进而导致乳液易凝胶,储存稳定性差;而本发明通过在第一预聚体的制备原料中添加氨基硅氧烷,并将添加羟基二元胺对第二预聚体进行扩链,进而在第一预聚体和第二预聚体中分别引入了硅氧烷和羟基,同时第一预聚体中亲水基团的含量低于第二预聚体,使得二者混合并乳化后第一预聚体被包裹在胶束内部,可以有效避免硅氧烷基团遇水发生水解,而乳化后进行加热即可使第一预聚体中的硅氧烷和第二预聚体中的羟基在胶束内部发生交联反应,且由于硅氧烷已经与羟基反应,因此不会影响聚氨酯乳液的存储稳定性,使得到的聚氨酯乳液可以兼具优异的储存稳定性、优异耐磨性、耐热性、耐候性及机械强度;
其中,上述硅氧烷和羟基发生交联反应式具体为:R1-Si-(OR)3+H2N-R’→R1-Si-(OR’)3+3R-OH,因为硅氧烷反应后会生成甲醇或者乙醇,通过监控甲醇或者乙醇含量即可确定反应终点;
(2)对于酮羰基和肼基的交联反应而言,在第一预聚体的制备原料中添加含酮羰基的小分子醇,并引入二元肼作为后扩链剂,进而在第一预聚体中引入了酮羰基,在第二预聚体的分子链段上引入了肼基,二者在弱酸性条件下室温即可发生交联反应,即在聚氨酯乳液烘干的过程中,随着水分和中和剂的挥发,聚氨酯乳液逐渐呈现弱酸性,酮羰基和肼基会发生交联反应,形成自交联树脂;
其中,所述酮羰基和肼发生交联反应结构式具体如下所示:
(3)对于环氧基团和胺基的交联反应而言,在第一预聚体的制备原料中添加羟基环氧树脂,其可以在成膜烘干过程中与第二预聚体中残留的氨基发生交联反应;
综上,本发明通过在预聚体法中引入上述三种交联体系,既可以降低预聚体的粘度,又可以制备出高交联度的水性聚氨酯乳液,有效地扩大了预聚体法的应用范围。
需要说明的是,本发明所述“多元胺扩链剂”指的是除去羟基二元胺外的官能度不低于2的胺类扩链剂;所述“多元醇扩链剂”指的是官能度不低于2的醇类扩链剂。
优选地,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料按照重量份包括如下组分:
其中,所述第一预聚体可以为120重量份、140重量份、160重量份、180重量份、205重量份、210重量份、215重量份、220重量份、225重量份、230重量份、235重量份、240重量份或245重量份等。
所述第二预聚体可以为300重量份、500重量份、800重量份、1000重量份、1300重量份、1500重量份、1700重量份或1900重量份等。
所述羟基二元胺可以为1重量份、2重量份、3重量份、4重量份、5重量份、6重量份、7重量份、9重量份、11重量份、13重量份、15重量份、17重量份或19重量份等。
所述多元胺扩链剂可以为0.5重量份、1重量份、1.5重量份、2重量份、2.5重量份、4重量份、6重量份、8重量份、10重量份、12重量份或14重量份等。
所述二元肼包括7重量份、9重量份、11重量份、13重量份、15重量份、17重量份、19重量份、21重量份或23重量份等。
所述中和剂可以为4重量份、6重量份、8重量份、10重量份、12重量份、14重量份、15重量份、20重量份、25重量份、30重量份或35重量份等。
优选地,所述第一预聚体的粘度低于5000cps,例如4500cps、4000cps、3500cps、3000cps、2500cps、2000cps、1500cps、1000cps、500cps、300cps、200cps或100cps等,所述粘度的测试条件为25℃下,3#转子,30rpm。
优选地,所述第一预聚体的数均分子量为2500~15000,例如3000、5000、7000、9000、11000或13000等。
优选地,所述第一预聚体按照重量份包括如下组分:
其中,所述第一聚合多元醇可以为130重量份、135重量份、140重量份、145重量份、150重量份、155重量份、160重量份、165重量份、170重量份、175重量份、200重量份、250重量份、300重量份或350重量份等。
所述第一异氰酸酯可以为15重量份、20重量份、25重量份、30重量份、35重量份、40重量份、45重量份、50重量份或55重量份等。
所述羟基环氧树脂可以为2重量份、4重量份、6重量份、8重量份、10重量份、12重量份、14重量份、16重量份或18重量份等。
所述氨基硅氧烷可以为2重量份、4重量份、6重量份、8重量份、10重量份、12重量份、14重量份、16重量份或18重量份等。
所述含酮羰基的小分子醇可以为2重量份、4重量份、6重量份、8重量份、10重量份、12重量份、14重量份、16重量份或18重量份等。
所述第一亲水扩链剂可以为2重量份、3重量份、4重量份、5重量份、6重量份、7重量份、8重量份、9重量份、10重量份、12重量份或14重量份等。
优选地,所述第二预聚体的制备原料按照重量份包括如下组分:
其中,所述第二聚合多元醇可以为200重量份、220重量份、240重量份、260重量份、280重量份、300重量份、320重量份、340重量份、400重量份、500重量份、600重量份、700重量份、800重量份或900重量份等。
所述第二异氰酸酯可以为30重量份、40重量份、50重量份、60重量份、70重量份、80重量份、90重量份、100重量份、110重量份、120重量份或130重量份等。
所述多元醇扩链剂可以为1重量份、2重量份、3重量份、4重量份、5重量份、6重量份或7重量份等。
所述第二亲水扩链剂可以为6重量份、8重量份、10重量份、12重量份、14重量份、16重量份、18重量份、20重量份、22重量份、24重量份或26重量份等。
需要说明的是,上述第一亲水扩链剂的质量要低于第二亲水扩链剂质量为75%。
优选地,所述第一聚合多元醇和第二聚合多元醇的数均分子量各自独立地为500~4000,例如1000、1500、2000、2500、3000或3500等。
优选地,所述第一聚合多元醇和第二聚合多元醇各自独立地包括聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚环氧丙烷醚二醇、聚环氧丙烷/环氧乙烷醚二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚己内酯二醇、聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇或聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述第一异氰酸酯和第二异氰酸酯各自独立地包括1,6-已二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二苯基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、双环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)或甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、双环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述第一亲水扩链剂和第二亲水扩链剂各自独立地包括二羟甲基丙烷(DMPA)和/或二羟甲基丁烷(DMBA)。
优选地,所述羟基环氧树脂包括环氧树脂E-44、环氧树脂E-12或环氧树脂E-51中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述氨基硅氧烷包括γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH540)和/或γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)。
本发明进一步优选所述γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(商品名为KH540),其中的氨基与异氰酸酯反应接入到聚氨酯链段上,甲氧基硅烷可以与羟基在60~70℃下反应交联。
优选地,所述含酮羰基的小分子醇包括5-羟基-2,5-二甲基-3-己酮、4-羟基-3,3-二甲基环己酮或5-羟基-2-己酮中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为4-羟基-3,3-二甲基环己酮和/或5-羟基-2-己酮。
优选地,所述多元醇扩链剂包括乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇或3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述第一预聚体和第二预聚体的制备原料中均还包括催化剂。
优选地,所述催化剂可以选择美国领先化学品公司的BICAT 8118。
优选地,以所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为100%计,所述催化剂的添加量为0.02~0.2%,例如0.04%、0.06%、0.08%、0.1%、0.12%、0.14%、0.16%或0.18%等。
优选地,所述羟基二元胺包括羟基乙二胺。
优选地,所述多元胺扩链剂包括乙二胺、异氟尔酮二胺、二乙烯三胺或三乙烯四胺中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述二元肼包括水合肼和/或己二酸二酰肼。
优选的,所述中和剂包括三乙胺和/或N,N-二甲基乙醇胺。
优选地,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料还包括水。
优选地,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为30~50%,例如32%、34%、36%、38%、40%、42%、44%、46%或48%等。
第二方面,本发明提供一种如第一方面所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将第一聚合多元醇、第一异氰酸酯和第一亲水扩链剂进行反应,加入羟基环氧树脂和含酮羰基的小分子醇进行反应,再加入任选地催化剂进行反应,最后加入氨基硅氧烷进行反应,得到第一预聚体;
将第二聚合多元醇和第二异氰酸酯进行反应,加入第二亲水扩链剂、多元醇扩链剂和任选地催化剂进行反应,得到第二预聚体;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体和第二预聚体进行混合,加入中和剂进行混合,再加入水进行分散,最后加入羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂和二元肼进行扩链,保温反应,得到所述水性聚氨酯乳液。
上述制备方法中,步骤(1)中,首先将第一聚合多元醇、第一异氰酸酯和第一亲水扩链剂进行反应,然后采用羟基环氧树脂和含酮羰基的小分子醇作为扩链剂进行部分封端,最后加入氨基硅氧烷进行完全封端,即可得到第一预聚体;将第二聚合多元醇、第二异氰酸酯进行反应和第二亲水扩链剂进行反应,并采用小分子醇进行扩链,得到第二预聚体;步骤(2)中,首先将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体和第二预聚体进行混合,降低了预聚体的整体粘度,随后加入水进行乳化分散,并添加羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂和二元肼三者进行后扩链,后扩链完成后进行保温反应促进第一预聚体中的硅氧烷与第二预聚体中的羟基发生交联反应,并通过测试甲醇/乙醇含量确定反应终点,可制备得到不同交联度的水性聚氨酯乳液。
优选地,步骤(2)所述扩链结束后乳液的pH值为7.5~11,例如8、8.5、9、9.5、10或10.5等。
优选地,所述保温反应的温度为50~70℃,例如52℃、54℃、56℃、58℃、60℃、62℃、64℃、66℃或68℃等。
优选地,所述保温反应的时间不低于2h,例如2.1h、2.2h、2.3h、2.4h、2.5h、2.6h、2.7h、2.8h或2.9h等。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将第一聚合多元醇和第一异氰酸酯在50~60℃(例如51℃、52℃、53℃、54℃、55℃、56℃、57℃、58℃或59℃等)下混合均匀,升温至80~90℃(例如81℃、82℃、83℃、84℃、85℃、86℃、87℃、88℃或89℃等)下进行反应,使体系的-NCO含量不高于6%,降温至60~80℃(例如62℃、64℃、66℃、68℃、70℃、72℃、74℃、76℃或78℃等),加入羟基环氧树脂、含酮羰基的小分子醇和第一亲水扩链剂反应2~3h(例如2.1h、2.2h、2.3h、2.4h、2.5h、2.6h、2.7h、2.8h或2.9h等),再加入任选地催化剂继续反应2~3h(例如2.1h、2.2h、2.3h、2.4h、2.5h、2.6h、2.7h、2.8h或2.9h等),测试体系的-NCO的含量不高于2%,将体系降温至不高于40℃(例如38℃、36℃、34℃、32℃或30℃等),加入氨基硅氧烷反应20~40min(例如22min、24min、26min、28min、30min、32min、34min、36min或38min等),得到第一预聚体;
将第二聚合多元醇和第二异氰酸酯在80~90℃(例如81℃、82℃、83℃、84℃、85℃、86℃、87℃、88℃或89℃等)下反应至体系的-NCO含量不高于18%,降温至70~80℃(例如71℃、72℃、73℃、74℃、75℃、76℃、77℃、78℃或79℃等),加入第二亲水扩链剂、多元醇扩链剂和任选地催化剂反应2~3h(例如2.1h、2.2h、2.3h、2.4h、2.5h、2.6h、2.7h、2.8h或2.9h等),测定体系的-NCO含量小于11%,得到第二预聚体;
(2)在不高于40℃(例如38℃、36℃、34℃、32℃或30℃等)下,将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体和第二预聚体进行混合,加入中和剂进行混合,再加入水进行乳化分散,最后加入羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂和二元肼进行扩链,扩链后乳液的pH值为7.5~11(例如8、8.5、9、9.5、10或10.5等),最后在50~70℃下保温反应不低于2h,得到所述水性聚氨酯乳液。
第三方面,本发明提供一种如第一方面所述的水性聚氨酯乳液在制备涂料、胶粘剂、油墨或合成革中的应用。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料中不包含有机溶剂,在制备过程中不使用有机溶剂,属于完全环保型产品;
(2)本发明提供的水性聚氨酯乳液通过限定制备原料包括第一预聚体、第二预聚体、羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂、二元肼和中和剂,并进一步限定第一预聚体的制备原料包括第一聚合多元醇、第一异氰酸酯、羟基环氧树脂、氨基硅氧烷、含酮羰基的小分子醇和第一亲水扩链剂,以及第二预聚体的制备原料包括第二聚合多元醇、第二异氰酸酯、多元醇扩链剂和第二亲水扩链剂;在体系中引入了酮-肼反应、胺-环氧反应和硅氧烷-羟基反应三种交联反应体积,既可以降低预聚体的粘度,又可以使得到的水性聚氨酯乳液具有较高的交联度,提高了所述聚氨酯乳液成膜后的致密度、耐磨性、耐热性、耐候性及机械强度;
(3)本发明提供的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法属于预聚体法,使用氨基硅烷、环氧和酮羰基类醇封端,有效降低了预聚体的分子量,解决了常规预聚体法合成粘度高、原料适应性差、难以分散的技术问题,提高了水性聚氨酯合成反应过程中的稳定性,并扩大了预聚体法的适用范围。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将170g聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(数均分子量为2000)和2.6g的DMPA共同投入玻璃反应釜中,将反应釜升温至55℃,搅拌均匀,加入13g的HDI和19.5g的IPDI,控制反应温度为85℃,反应3h后测试体系的-NCO含量小于2.5%;将体系降温至65℃,投入11g的羟基环氧树脂E-44和10.5g的4-羟基-3,3-二甲基环己酮,保温反应2.5h后,加入0.4g催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温2.5h后,测定体系的-NCO含量小于1%;将体系降温至40℃以下,投入10g的KH540反应30min,得到在25℃下粘度为120cps的第一预聚体;
将160g聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(数均分子量为2000)和160g聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二醇(数均分子量为2000)投入另外一个反应釜混合,在55℃下搅拌均匀,加入50g的TDI和30g的MDI,控制反应温度为85℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于5.1%;将体系降温至75℃,投入6.8g的DMPA、5g的1,4-丁二醇和0.77g的催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT8118),保温2.5h后,测定体系的NCO含量小于3.0%,停止加热,得到第二预聚体;
(2)将第二预聚体的反应釜冷却至40℃以下,将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体与步骤(1)得到的第二预聚体中进行混合,混合后预聚体的粘度为2200cps(25℃下),加入7.08g的三乙胺进行混合,再加入667g去离子水进行高速乳化分散,最后加入10g羟乙基乙二胺、1.5g乙二胺和12g己二酸二酰肼进行扩链,扩链后乳液的pH值为8.2,最后在60℃下保温反应2h,降至常温,得到50%固含的水性聚氨酯乳液。
实施例2
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将100g聚环氧丙烷醚二醇(数均分子量为2000)和65g聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇(数均分子量为2000)共同投入玻璃反应釜中,将反应釜升温至55℃搅拌均匀,加入14g的HMDI、40g的IPDI和11.2g的DMPA,控制反应温度为85℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于2.5%;将体系降温至70℃,投入11g的羟基环氧树脂E-51、10g的5-羟基-2-己酮,保温反应2.5h后,加入0.4g催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温2.5h后,测定体系的-NCO含量小于0.1%;将体系降温至40℃以下,投入10g的KH550反应30min,得到在25℃下粘度为1000cps的第一预聚体;
将100g聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(数均分子量为2000)和40g聚碳酸酯二醇(数均分子量为2000)投入另外一个反应釜,在55℃下搅拌均匀,加入90g的TDI和15g的MDI,控制反应温度为80℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于17.4%;将体系降温至60℃,投入21.3g的DMPA、0.5g的1,4-丁二醇和0.3g的催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温反应2.5h后,测定体系的NCO含量小于10.7%,停止加热,得到第二预聚体;
(2)将第二预聚体的反应釜冷却至40℃以下,将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体与步骤(1)得到的第二预聚体进行混合,混合后预聚体的粘度为5200cps(25℃下),加入31.3g的三乙胺进行混合,再加入800g的去离子水进行高速乳化分散,最后加入6g羟乙基乙二胺、8.6g乙二胺和6.6g水合肼进行扩链,扩链后乳液的pH值为9.5,最后在50℃下保温反应3h,降低至常温,得到40%固含的水性聚氨酯乳液。
实施例3
(1)将360g聚环氧丙烷醚二醇(数均分子量为3000)投入玻璃反应釜中,将玻璃反应釜升温至60℃搅拌均匀,加入15g的HDI、15g的IPDI和2g的DMPA,控制反应温度为90℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于3.69%;将体系降温至60℃,投入1.1g的羟基环氧树脂E-44、5g的4-羟基-3,3-二甲基环己酮,保温反应3h后,加入0.4g催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温反应2.5h后,测定体系的-NCO含量小于0.1%;将体系降温至40℃以下,投入2g的KH540反应30min,得到在25℃下粘度为500cps的第一预聚体;
将600g聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(数均分子量为4000)投入另外一个反应釜中,在55℃下搅拌均匀,加入27g的IPDI和30g的HDI,控制反应温度为90℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于1.9%;将体系降温至80℃,投入10g的DMPA、1g的1,4-丁二醇和0.77g的催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温2.5h后,测定体系的NCO含量小于0.1%,停止加热,得到第二预聚体;
(2)将第二预聚体的反应釜冷却至40℃以下,将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体与步骤(1)得到的第二预聚体进行混合,混合后预聚体的粘度为5100cps(25℃下),加入13.5g的三乙胺进行混合,再加入1058g的去离子水进行高速乳化分散,最后加入1g羟乙基乙二胺、1.5g乙二胺和5g己二酸二酰肼进行扩链,扩链后乳液的pH值为8.7,最后在50℃下保温反应2h,降低至常温,得到50%固含的水性聚氨酯乳液。
实施例4
(1)将150g聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(数均分子量为2000)投入玻璃反应釜中,将反应釜升温至60℃搅拌均匀,加入12g的HDI、27g的IPDI和2.6g的DMPA,控制反应温度为80℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于5.2%;将体系降温至60℃,投入20g的羟基环氧树脂E-44、15g的5-羟基-2,5-二甲基-3-己酮,保温反应3h后,加入0.2g催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温2.5h后,测定体系的-NCO含量小于1.7%;将体系降温至40℃以下,投入20g的KH550反应30min,得到在25℃下粘度为300cps的第一预聚体;
将300g聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(数均分子量为2000)投入反应釜混合,在55℃下搅拌均匀,加入69g的TDI和15g的HDI,控制反应温度为90℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于6.7%;将体系降温至80℃,投入8g的DMPA、4g的1,6-己二醇和0.8g的催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温2.5h后,测定体系的NCO含量小于4.5%,停止加热,得到第二预聚体;
(2)将第二预聚体的反应釜冷却至40℃以下,将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体与步骤(1)得到的第二预聚体进行混合,混合后预聚体的粘度为2600cps(25℃下),加入7.8g的三乙胺进行混合,再加入655g的去离子水进行高速乳化分散,最后加入10g羟乙基乙二胺、2g异氟尔酮二胺和15g己二酸二酰肼进行扩链,扩链后乳液的pH值为8.9,最后在50℃下保温反应2h,降低至常温,得到50%固含的水性聚氨酯乳液。
实施例5
(1)将150g聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(数均分子量为4000)投入玻璃反应釜中,将反应釜升温至60℃搅拌均匀,加入12g的HDI、12g的IPDI和2.6g的DMPA,控制反应温度为80℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于2.44%;将体系降温至60℃,投入1.1g的羟基环氧树脂E-44、8g的5-羟基-2,5-二甲基-3-己酮,保温反应3h后,加入0.2g催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温2.5h后,测定体系的-NCO含量小于0.1%,降温至40℃以下,投入2g的KH540反应30min,得到在25℃下粘度为1200cps的第一预聚体;
将300g聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(数均分子量为2000)投入反应釜混合,在55℃下搅拌均匀,加入43g的TDI和18g的HDI,控制反应温度为90℃,反应3h,测试体系的-NCO含量小于3.9%;将体系降温至80℃,投入8.5g的DMPA、4g的1,3-丙二醇和0.6g的催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温2.5h后,测定体系的NCO含量小于1.19%,停止加热,得到第二预聚体;
(2)将第二预聚体的反应釜冷却至40℃以下,将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体与步骤(1)得到的第二预聚体进行混合,混合后预聚体的粘度为2300cps(25℃下),加入8.1g的三乙胺进行混合,再加入560g的去离子水进行高速乳化分散,最后加入1g羟乙基乙二胺、2g二乙烯三胺和5g己二酸二酰肼进行扩链,扩链后乳液的pH值为9.5,最后在50℃下保温反应2h,降低至常温,得到50%固含的水性聚氨酯乳液。
实施例6
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,采用KH550替换KH540,其他物质、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例1
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其制备方法包括:将450g聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(数均分子量为3000)投入反应釜混合,在55℃下搅拌均匀,加入27g的IPDI和30g的HDI,控制反应温度在85℃,反应3小时后测试-NCO含量小于2.49%,降温至70℃,投入10g的DMPA、1g的1,4-丁二醇,保温2.5小时后,加入0.6g催化剂(美国领先化学品公司BICAT 8118),保温2.5个小时后,测定-NCO含量<1.1%,停止加热,冷却至40℃以下,测试粘度9000cps(25℃下),投入7.5g的三乙胺,混合均匀后,加入514g去离子水高速分散,投入2.5g的乙二胺后扩链,即可制备得到50%固含的水性聚氨酯乳液。
对比例2
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,步骤(2)中未添加羟乙基乙二胺,其他物质、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例3
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,步骤(2)中未添加乙二胺,其他物质、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例4
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,步骤(2)中未添加己二酸二酰肼,其他物质、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例5
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,步骤(1)中未添加羟基环氧树脂E-44,其他物质、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例6
一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其与实施例1的区别仅在于,步骤(1)中未添加4-羟基-3,3-二甲基环己酮,其他物质、用量和制备方法均与实施例1相同。
性能测试:
1、对水性聚氨酯乳液的测试
(1)乳液外观:直接观察;
(2)粘度:使用旋转粘度计,在25℃下,3#转子,30转测试;
(3)交联度:指交联剂(羟基环氧树脂、氨基硅氧烷和含酮羰基的小分子醇)的总质量占聚氨酯固体总量的百分比;
2、对水性聚氨酯膜的测试:
将100g水性聚氨酯乳液,经增稠剂(市售产品)增稠至粘度为5000cps左右(25℃),用洗衣机脱泡30min,在离型纸上刮涂约0.2mm,通过100℃左右烘箱干燥10min后,得到水性聚氨酯膜;
(4)机械强度:按照国标GB/T1040-92“塑料拉伸性能试验方法”提供的测试方法进行测试;
(5)耐热性:把制得的水性聚氨酯胶膜裁剪成2×2cm的正方形片,放置在不同温度的烘箱中,烘烤15min,观察涂层透明度和外观发生变化的温度;
(6)耐乙醇擦性:使用特定的刷子蘸取乙醇溶液后,在制得的水性聚氨酯膜上往返擦拭,直至胶膜损坏,记录擦拭次数。
按照上述测试方法对实施例1~6和对比例1~6提供的水性聚氨酯乳液进行测试,测试结果如表1所示:
表1
根据表1的数据可以看出:
(1)实施例1~6提供的水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为50%,粘度为108~300cps,交联度为1.0~8.3%,进一步制成的水性聚氨酯膜的机械强度为14~32MPa,耐热温度高达120~170℃,耐乙醇擦拭性高达40~200次;
(2)与实施例1相比,对比例1提供的水性聚氨酯乳液因为完全不含有交联结构,因此制成聚氨酯膜后的机械强度、耐热温度及耐乙醇擦均较差;对比例2提供的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料中不含羟基乙二胺,进而缺少了硅氧烷和羟基进行交联,导致密度偏低,因此制成聚氨酯膜后的耐擦拭性和耐热温度明显下降,机械强度略有下降;对比例3和对比例5提供的水性聚氨酯乳液的中无胺-环氧交联结构,因此制成聚氨酯膜后的耐擦拭性和机械强度大幅下降,耐热性能略有下降;而对比例4和对比例6提供的水性聚氨酯乳液不含酮-肼交联结构,因此制成聚氨酯膜后的耐热温度和机械强度大幅下降;
综上可以看出,只有当聚氨酯中同时含有胺-环氧、酮-肼以及硅氧烷-羟基三种交联结构,才能使得进一步制成的聚氨酯膜同时兼具高机械强度、高耐热性及高耐擦拭性效果。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明一种水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法和应用,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述实施例才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料包括第一预聚体、第二预聚体、羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂、二元肼和中和剂;
所述第一预聚体的制备原料包括第一聚合多元醇、第一异氰酸酯、第一亲水扩链剂、羟基环氧树脂、氨基硅氧烷和含酮羰基的小分子醇;
所述第二预聚体的制备原料包括第二聚合多元醇、第二异氰酸酯、第二亲水扩链剂和多元醇扩链剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料按照重量份包括如下组分:
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述第一预聚体的粘度不高于5000cps;
优选地,所述第一预聚体的数均分子量为2500~15000;
优选地,所述第一预聚体按照重量份包括如下组分:
优选地,所述第二预聚体的制备原料按照重量份包括如下组分:
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述第一聚合多元醇和第二聚合多元醇的数均分子量各自独立地为500~4000;
优选地,所述第一聚合多元醇和第二聚合多元醇各自独立地包括聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、聚环氧丙烷醚二醇、聚环氧丙烷/环氧乙烷醚二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚己内酯二醇、聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇或聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
优选地,所述第一异氰酸酯和第二异氰酸酯各自独立地包括1,6-已二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、双环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、双环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷-4,4-二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
优选地,所述第一亲水扩链剂和第二亲水扩链剂各自独立地包括二羟甲基丙烷和/或二羟甲基丁烷;
优选地,所述羟基环氧树脂包括羟基环氧树脂E-44、羟基环氧树脂E-12或羟基环氧树脂E-51中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
优选地,所述氨基硅氧烷包括γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和/或γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷;
优选地,所述含酮羰基的小分子醇包括5-羟基-2,5-二甲基-3-己酮、4-羟基-3,3-二甲基环己酮或5-羟基-2-己酮中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,进一步优选为4-羟基-3,3-二甲基环己酮和/或5-羟基-2-己酮;
优选地,所述多元醇扩链剂包括乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇或3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述第一预聚体和第二预聚体的制备原料中均还包括催化剂;
优选地,以所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为100%计,所述催化剂的添加量为0.02~0.2%。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述羟基二元胺包括羟基乙二胺;
优选地,所述多元胺扩链剂包括乙二胺、异氟尔酮二胺、二乙烯三胺或三乙烯四胺中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
优选地,所述二元肼包括水合肼和/或己二酸二酰肼;
优选的,所述中和剂包括三乙胺和/或N,N-二甲基乙醇胺。
7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备原料还包括水;
优选地,所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为30~50%。
8.一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将第一聚合多元醇、第一异氰酸酯和第一亲水扩链剂进行反应,加入羟基环氧树脂和含酮羰基的小分子醇进行反应,再加入任选地催化剂进行反应,最后加入氨基硅氧烷进行反应,得到第一预聚体;
将第二聚合多元醇和第二异氰酸酯进行反应,加入第二亲水扩链剂、多元醇扩链剂和任选地催化剂进行反应,得到第二预聚体;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的第一预聚体和第二预聚体进行混合,加入中和剂进行混合,再加入水进行乳化分散,最后加入羟基二元胺、多元胺扩链剂和二元肼进行扩链,保温反应,得到所述水性聚氨酯乳液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述扩链结束后乳液的pH值为7.5~11;
优选地,步骤(2)所述保温反应的温度为50~70℃;
优选地,步骤(2)所述保温反应的时间不低于2h。
10.一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述的水性聚氨酯乳液在制备涂料、胶粘剂、油墨或合成革中的应用。
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