CN117420314A - 维生素k依赖蛋白z的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)的应用,具体涉及维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)作为自发性早产标志物的应用以及其在制备调节孕妇羊膜成纤维细胞功能的产品中的应用。本发明通过检测羊水中PROZ的表达作为辅助手段来预测孕妇早产的风险;针对有早产风险的孕妇,通过干预其维生素K依赖蛋白Z的表达,减缓成纤维细胞的迁移和增殖,改善其对羊膜成纤维细胞的影响,从而降低早产的风险,具有重要的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学领域,涉及维生素K依赖蛋白Z的应用,具体涉及孕妇羊水中维生素K依赖蛋白Z作为自发性早产风险筛查的标志物的应用以及其在制备调节孕妇羊膜成纤维细胞功能的产品中的应用。
背景技术
早产定义为妊娠<37周的分娩,被认为是一种多因素综合症,已严重威胁母婴生命健康。目前早产的发病机制仍未完全阐明。早产分为自发性早产和治疗性早产,自发性早产约占早产的75%。其发病机制涉及细胞因子、基质金属蛋白酶和细胞凋亡。有研究指出母胎界面的炎症失衡会导致促炎因子的过度分泌,并诱导细胞凋亡和细胞外基质降解,最终导致早产。一些重要的调控因子参与了早产的发生,如白细胞介素-37(Interleukin-37,IL-37)在早产胎膜组织中表达下降,其介导JAK2/STAT3信号通路调控羊膜上皮细胞的抗炎作用,提示其可能与早产的发生有关。中性粒细胞引诱剂/活化肽-1/白细胞介素-8是宿主对微生物侵袭羊膜腔反应的一部分,并且该细胞因子的羊水可增加早产的发生概率。免疫反应性MCP-1是羊水的生理成分,自发性早产发生时,免疫反应性MCP-1的羊水水平降低。有研究发现在羊膜腔中免疫反应性MCP-1巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α在羊水中的显著减少与早产显著相关。另外,微生物侵袭羊膜腔与足月和早产妊娠中免疫反应性羊水巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α浓度的增加有关。
胎膜早破是早产最为常见的原因之一。大约三分之一的早产是由胎膜过早破裂引起的。人类胎膜由羊膜和绒毛膜组成,其中羊膜层由于其细胞外基质(ECM)中丰富的胶原含量而被认为是更强的拉伸层。羊膜成纤维细胞是ECM成分的主要来源。羊膜胶原蛋白含量随着胎龄的增加而减少,足月时达到最低水平,这一过程被认为与分娩时羊膜破裂有关。妊娠中胎膜具有防止胎儿机械损伤、免疫排斥、微生物入侵、分泌激素和阻挡子宫收缩素到达子宫等作用。胎膜早破的主要影响因素是胎膜强度和弹性,羊膜成纤维细胞是维持强度和弹性的重要成分,羊膜成纤维细胞的提早或过度成熟会影响胎膜的稳定性。现有研究表明胶原蛋白丰度的下降主要是由于细胞外蛋白水解裂解的增加,I型胶原是决定羊膜拉伸强度的主要胶原类型之一。羊膜成纤维细胞是构成羊膜的重要成分,也是维持胎膜稳定的重要功能细胞。相关研究发现,羊膜成纤维细胞在分娩启动时稳定性下降,I型胶原蛋白、炎症因子等相关成熟标志物显著升高。
维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)是一种62kDa的维素K依赖性单链糖蛋,由360个氨基酸组成,其中包含有效分泌所需的N端γ-羧基氨酸(Gla)结构域。PROZ通过丝氨酸蛋酶抑制剂PZ依赖性蛋酶抑制剂(ZPI)抑制因复合形成PROZ-ZPI复合物,PROZ-ZPI复合物在调节理妊娠中的作用已得到证实,在妊娠前三个月PROZ水平逐渐升高,在分娩时稳步下降。血液中PROZ在凝血级联反应中发挥重要作用。由于妊娠结局在很大程度上取决于母体和胎儿血液循环的维持,以及凝血异常与不良妊娠结局相关,因此PROZ-PROZ蛋白酶抑制剂复合物在妊娠调节中的作用已被提出。据报道,血浆PROZ浓度改变与不良妊娠结局(反复流产、死胎、先兆子痫和胎盘早剥等)之间存在关联。研究证明体外研究支持PROZ蛋白具有抗凝作用。PROZ的缺乏可能会使止血系统失衡并产生血栓,这主要与抑制活化因子X、XI和IX有关。
然而,现有研究中没有有关羊水中PROZ蛋白与早产的关系的报道。而且更有意思的是本发明研究发现羊水中PROZ蛋白的高表达与早产相关,而现有技术中血液中的PROZ蛋白的缺乏被证明可能与反复早期自然流产有一定的关系。而现有技术中也没有关于PROZ对羊膜成纤维细胞功能影响的研究。
发明内容
基于上述技术问题,本发明拟提供维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)的应用,具体涉及检测孕妇羊水中维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)表达量的物质在制备用于早产风险筛查的产品中的应用以及其在调节孕妇羊膜成纤维细胞功能的产品中的应用。
本发明首先保护维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)作为自发性早产风险筛查的标志物的应用。
进一步地,保护检测孕妇羊水中维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)表达量的试剂在制备用于自发性早产风险筛查的产品中的应用。
进一步地,所述的产品为试剂盒。
进一步地,所述的检测检测孕妇羊水中维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)表达量的试剂为特异性扩增PROZ的引物。
本发明还保护维生素K依赖蛋白Z(PROZ)在制备调节孕妇羊膜成纤维细胞功能的产品中的应用。
进一步地,保护敲低PROZ或者PROZ抑制剂在制备调节孕妇羊膜成纤维细胞功能的产品中的应用。
本发明综合生物学信息,利用羊水蛋白组学分析证明PROZ为差异蛋白,羊水中PROZ的表达上调可作为监测早产的的标志物。
本发明证实了PROZ可以通过改变羊膜成纤维细胞的生物学功能来加速羊膜成熟,这些作用是通过PROZ促进成纤维细胞的迁移、增殖来实现的,并且影响Collagen-Ⅰ水解改变胎膜稳定性。在细胞实验中,PROZ干预后羊膜成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移速度明显加快,浓度越高,效果越明显呈现为浓度依赖性。这一结果在通过慢病毒改变了PROZ在羊膜成纤维细胞中的表达后表现相同,过表达PROZ的组别增殖与迁移速度显著快于抑制PROZ的组别。这些生物学功能的改变表明PROZ具有促羊膜成纤维细胞成熟的作用。另外我们发现PROZ干预后的羊膜成纤维细胞更加容易发生早期凋亡,同样呈现为浓度依赖性,这与羊膜成纤维细胞的过度成熟有关。
在细胞实验中不同浓度PROZ干预下的羊膜成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的分泌显著变化,表现为干预浓度越高表达量越少。实验还证明,还发现与单纯添加PROZ干预相比慢病毒干预后的羊膜成纤维细胞增殖与迁移情况趋势相同,但凋亡和胶原蛋白分泌情况并未有显著变化,这提示胶原蛋白的水解也许与羊膜成纤维细胞的早期凋亡之间存在联系。
在羊水样本中分析了其表达情况,PROZ的早产孕妇羊水中显著增加;细胞实验中,PROZ可以促进成纤维细胞的迁移和增殖,从而促进了羊膜成纤维细胞的成熟。作用于表面受体时影响Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的水解,以上发现可能是促进胎膜早破发生早产的关键因素。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
1.羊水中PROZ的表达上调可作为监测早产的的标志物,本发明通过羊水中PROZ的表达,作为辅助手段预测孕妇的早产风险,从而对患者进行风险评估和检测,
2.针对有早产风险的孕妇,通过干预其维生素K依赖蛋白Z的表达,减缓成纤维细胞的迁移和增殖,改善其对羊膜成纤维细胞的影响,从而降低早产的风险,具有重要的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为羊水蛋白组学分析情况,A为DIA定量蛋白质组学实验流程,B为DIA鉴定结果统计柱状图,不同颜色代表不同组别。横坐标虚线代表总最高鉴定数量的50%处的蛋白数;C为蛋白质定量差异结果柱状图;D为离群样本情况,4个样本在PCA图的95%区间外;E为单因素差异性分析火山图结果,共34个蛋白表现差异;F为对34个差异蛋白进行Spearman秩相关分析(数值为相关系数)。
图2为羊水蛋白质组学的筛查情况;A为差异蛋白潜在靶基因GO/KEGG分析气泡图.B为差异蛋白潜在靶向基因的PPI网络图;C为PROZ早产预测价值的ROC曲线分析,AUC值为曲线下面积(Pro7为PROZ)。
图3为羊膜成纤维细胞的提取情况,A为羊膜获取及成纤维细胞体外培养;B为羊膜成纤维细胞的免疫荧光鉴定C为通过流式细胞术对所提取羊膜成纤维细胞进行鉴定R1表示Vimentin阳性表达,Q1表示CK19阴性表达。
图4为PROZ对羊膜成纤维细胞特性的影响。A为羊膜成纤维细胞的迁移实验。用光学显微镜拍摄细胞划痕试验结果。B为用图像分析仪计算未固化划痕的面积。C为羊膜成纤维细胞活力试验。采用CCK8测试不同组的活力,并用分光光度计检测结果。垂直轴表示吸光度;水平轴表示时间。D为胎盘各层切片中PROZ的免疫组织化学染色,E为通过膜联蛋白V-FTC/PI染色的流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。Q2代表晚期凋亡细胞,Q3代表早期凋亡细胞,Q4代表活细胞。F为WB检测PROZ外部干预后Collagen-Ⅰ的表达情况。G为qpcr对羊膜成纤维细胞中IL1RL1,ɑ-sma进行检测。H为通过图像分析仪计算每个切片的光密度。纵轴,光密度值;水平轴,胎盘各层。I为通过软件分析流式数据,垂直轴表示早期凋亡细胞百分比,水平轴表示组别。数据显示为标准±平均值(*P<0.05;**P<0.01)
图5为PROZ mimic,inhibit,mimic NC,inhibit NC转染后对羊膜成纤维细胞特性的影响。A为荧光显微镜下观察转染情况,转染细胞被标记为绿色荧光,B为qRT-PCR检测PROZ的表达水平,C为羊膜成纤维细胞的迁移实验。用光学显微镜拍摄细胞划痕试验结果D为用图像分析仪计算未固化划痕的面积。E为转染后羊膜成纤维细胞活力试验。采用CCK8测试不同组的活力,并用分光光度计检测结果。垂直轴表示吸光度;水平轴表示时间。F为通过膜联蛋白V-FTC/PI染色的流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。Q2代表晚期凋亡细胞,Q3代表早期凋亡细胞,Q4代表活细胞。G为WB检测mimic NC,mimic,inhibit NC及inhibit的PROZ,Collagen-I的表达。以上所提供的数据是代表性数据之一。所有实验在独立场合重复三次。数据显示为标准±平均值(*P<0.05;**P<0.01)
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1羊水蛋白组学分析差异蛋白PROZ可作为监测早产的的标志物
1.1样本来源及介绍
本研究的目的是通过测定孕中期进行羊水穿刺女性的羊水蛋白组,探讨影响早产的关键蛋白。本发明将两个队列分为早产队列和非早产队列(表1)。将队列每个样品独立进行样品制备、蛋白质酶解后,分别上机进行DIA(data independent acquisition)分析。所得的DIA原始文件,并进行LC-MS/MS(QE-HFX_DDA模式)分析,得到DDA library数据库。然后,对各样本分别进行LC-MS/MS(DIA模式)分析,并采用上述DDA数据库进行定性定量分析,为监测和评价系统的稳定性及实验数据的可靠性,在样本队列中每间隔一定数量的样本插入一个QC样本(一般为所有样本的混样),并对整个实验过程中插入的各QC样本的数据一致性进行评价。主要采用变异系数(CV)、主成分分析(Principle Component Ananlysis,PCA)和Pearson相关性分析来评估QC的质量,在显著性差异蛋白质筛选中,以表达倍数(FoldChange,FC)>1.5倍(上调大于1.5倍或下调小于0.83倍)且P value小于0.05(T-test)为标准得到比较组间上调、下调蛋白质数目。
纳入标准:①单胎妊娠;②孕期进行检查并留有羊水样本的孕妇;③符合早产诊断标准(妊娠满28+0至36+6周间分娩)。排除标准:①合并有严重的内外科疾病(孕期糖尿病、孕期高血压、子痫前期、先天性心脏病、精神疾病等);②服用抗抑郁等精神类药物等;③死胎死产、出生缺陷、流产、信息缺失较多等;研究对象的基线情况通过问卷获得,采集了孕产妇在孕检时的一般流行病学资料,包括年龄,民族,穿刺时怀孕时间,分娩方式,分娩孕周,新生儿性别等(见表1)本研究遵循《赫尔辛基宣言》的原则。本研究共招募了183名受试者,其中47例早产,136例正常分娩,倾向性匹配后获取样品共52例。首先,使用等量合并后的样品作为pool样本进行HPRP分级,并进行LC-MS/MS(QE-HFX_DDA模式)分析,得到DDA library数据库。然后,对各样本分别进行LC-MS/MS(DIA模式)分析,并采用上述DDA数据库进行定性定量分析。
样本准备孕妇穿刺手术期间采集羊水样本。每个样本约为5至10ml,在手术开始前用穿刺针从羊膜腔抽吸。所有样品立即保存在-80℃,以便进一步分析。用BCA法测定羊水样品的蛋白浓度。采用过滤样品制备技术(FASP)进行蛋白质消化。对于每一组,从每个样本中提取等量的蛋白质的混合样本用于文库生成。用20mM二硫苏糖醇在95℃下孵育5分钟使蛋白质变性,然后用55mM碘乙酰胺在黑暗中烷基化45分钟。在这些样品中加入胰蛋白酶(1:50),然后在37℃下孵育过夜。
表1孕妇的人口学信息
液相色谱-质谱联用分析肽段使用高效液相色谱流动相A,Easy-NLC 1200型超高效液体分离系统进行分离。流动相A是含有0.1%甲酸和2%乙腈的水溶液;流动相B是含0.1%甲酸和90%乙腈的水溶液。用超高效液相系统分离多肽后,注入NSI离子源进行电离,然后用Orbitrap ExplorisTM480质谱仪进行分析。利用高分辨率Orbitrap对多肽前体及其二级片段进行检测和分析。采用DDA程序进行数据采集,以获取更准确的结果。
1.2蛋白质组学数据分析
DDA数据直接导入Spectronaut软件(SpectronautTM14.4.200727.47784)构建Spectral Library。数据库采用human_uniprot下载数据库。检索参数设置如下:酶为trypsin,max miss cleavage site为1,固定修饰为Carbamidomethyl(C),动态修饰设定为Oxidation(M)和Acetyl(Protein N-term),数据库检索鉴定到的蛋白必须通过设定的过滤参数FDR<1%);DIA数据采用Spectronaut软件(SpectronautTM 14.4.200727.47784)进行数据处理,数据库与建库所用数据库相同。软件参数设置如下:retention timeprediction type设置为dynamic iRT,interference on MS2 level correction为enabled,cross run normalization为enabled,所有结果必须通过设定的过滤参数QValue cutoff为0.01(相当于FDR<1%)
统计分析
所有实验数据均使用Graphpad Prism9.5或R4.0软件进行统计分析;使用ImageJ软件对划痕区域及免疫组化结果进行定量分析;仅有两组时使用独立样本t检验,在有三组及以上的样本时运用单因素方差分析,有统计学意义后再使用LSD-t检验或Dunnett-t检验进行两两比较;检验水准为双侧α=0.05。
结果1.1羊水蛋白组学分析情况
本研究共纳入183名受试者,其中136人为正常分娩,47人早产(附表1)。使用DIA方法分析了26例早产,26例正常分娩(对照)羊水样本的蛋白质组(图1A)。比较了早产组与对照组之间的蛋白表达差异。总共从14706个独特肽中鉴定出2317个蛋白质(独特肽≥1)。显著性差异蛋白质筛选中共筛选出23个差异蛋白,其中10个表现上调,13个表现下调(图1B-C),进一步分析剔除了4个离群样本(图1D),以多因素偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)模型筛选,选择变量重要性投影(VIP)值大于1的重要蛋白,筛选出了34个差异蛋白(表2),其中有17个蛋白表达上调,17个下降(图1E)。对VIP排名前十的差异蛋白进行年龄相关性分析结果显示PROZ与怀孕天数相关性最强,Spearman相关系数=0.31(图1F)。
表2筛选的34个差异蛋白
标注:a表示经数据清理和标准化转换后的结果;b中位数比值:早产组/对照组
1.2羊水蛋白组学分析显示PROZ为差异蛋白
本发明将获得的差异蛋白进行了GO和KEGG富集分析(图2A)。其中,KEGG途径富集主要与Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction有关,继续,本发明将差异蛋白的基因做了PPI网络图并寻找hub基因(图2B),其中4个hub基因早产的发生具有影响,最后使用ROC曲线了进行早产预测价值分析,其中PROZ排名第三,AUC:0.754,SEN:0.688,SEP:0.929(图2C)。综合生物学信息,本发明证明了羊水中PROZ的表达上调可作为监测早产的的标志物。
实施例2PROZ对羊膜成纤维细胞的影响
2.1羊膜成纤维细胞获取与鉴定从正常分娩过程中获取的羊膜组织(附图1),用D-Hank's液(中国Servicebio)冲洗,然后用无菌剪刀剪碎组织。将羊膜组织放入0.125%胰蛋白酶0.02%DNase中,37℃静置消化两次,消化下上皮细胞。用PBS剧烈洗涤以进一步去除上皮细胞。然后将剩余的羊膜组织用0.1%胶原酶在37℃中进行消化,以从间质组织中释放成纤维细胞。放入超滤管,在室温下进行12000g的离心20min,使用PBS(中国Servicebio)冲洗3次,终止胶原酶的消化。将分离的羊膜成纤维细胞在含有10%胎牛血清和双抗抗生素的DMEM中,于37℃、5%CO2中培养。当细胞融合度达到80%以上时,弃除旧培养液并进行细胞传代,根据细胞数量,采用一传二或一传三的方式进行传代培养并运用免疫荧光染色和流式细胞术鉴定所获取细胞。
2.2羊膜成纤维细胞的培养羊膜成纤维细胞在5%CO2,37℃的培养箱中培养。细胞每3天传代一次,3.75×105将细胞接种到每25cm2中培养瓶。对照组用完全的DMEM培养基培养,实验组培养基用PROZ重组蛋白(中国云克隆科技)进行不同浓度干预,由于正常孕妇血浆中的PROZ浓度约为1.3(1.36±0.61)ug/m,培养液中的PROZ浓度设定分别是0.4μg/ml-Low、1.2ug/ml-Medium、2.0μg/ml-High;
2.3细胞迁移将羊膜成纤维细胞植入6孔板中,数量为2×106/孔并培养至80%密度。在5%CO 2,37℃的培养箱中培养3小时,划痕由孔底部的200μL移液器吸头以相同的力垂直制成,并用PBS洗涤两次。用显微镜每12小时拍摄一次照片,持续48小时,用imageJ计算划痕的残留面积,初始面积为0小时的面积。
2.4细胞增殖羊膜成纤维细胞活力通过CCK8方法测定。将细胞悬液接种在96孔板中,每孔2000个细胞(100μL/孔)。将细胞在培养箱中预孵育12小时,使细胞附着。孵育0、12、24、48和72小时后,向每个孔中加入10μL CCK8检测溶液,并用酶标仪检测OD值。
2.5细胞凋亡根据实验组在刺激下培养细胞24小时,并通过离心(290g/5分钟)收集。将细胞在PBS中洗涤,然后重悬于200μL结合缓冲液(1×)中,密度为2-5×105/mL。根据Invitrogen Annexin V-FITC细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(美国赛默飞世尔科技)的说明处理细胞。流式细胞术用于数据分析。
2.6蛋白质印迹对于免疫印迹,使用RIPA裂解缓冲液(中国Beyotime)与蛋白酶和磷酸酶抑制剂在冰上裂解收获的细胞30分钟。然后,将裂解物在20℃,4g下离心10分钟。将上清液转移到另一管中并使用BCA蛋白质测定试剂盒(美国赛默飞世尔科技)进行定量。上清液中加入上样缓冲液(中国碧云天),样品在100℃变性10分钟。将总蛋白提取物进行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转移到PVDF膜上,在TBST中用5%BSA封闭。一抗在4℃孵育过夜,二抗在室温下孵育1小时。最后,检测信号并拍摄图像。我们使用的一抗如下:抗胶原蛋白I(1:1000,赛默飞,美国);抗维生素依赖蛋白Z(1:1000,Abcam,英国)
2.7定量实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)采用qPCR检测mRNA水平相关指标的表达。TRIzol试剂(Ambion Life Technologies,美国)用于从细胞中分离总RNA。计算RNA浓度后,使用cDNA合成试剂盒(日本塔卡拉)进行逆转录。使用制备的cDNA模板和PCR试剂盒根据说明添加样品,然后使用仪器(CFX ConnectTM,BIO-RAD,USA)进行qPCR反应。α-SMA的引物是根据NCBI和Pubmed的统计数据设计的。GAPDH被用作内部参考。
2.8过表达/敲低PROZ羊膜成纤维细胞构建本发明使用了基于HIV-1的第三代重组自灭活慢病毒载体。慢病毒载体感染。慢病毒载体感染在50和100感染多重(MOI)下进行,细胞数/毫升×MOI=TU/ml。将实验细胞在每个生长培养基中稀释至60,000个细胞/ml。将每种慢病毒载体溶解在无血清RPMI1640或DMEM中6.0×106/毫升和1.2×107/毫升。在含有等量细胞悬液和溶解的慢病毒载体的混合物中进行慢病毒载体感染(终浓度为50MOI和100MOI,30,000个细胞/ml)。感染24小时后,用含有5%FBS的新鲜培养基替换培养基,并进一步孵育72小时。
2.9胎盘免疫组化染色胎盘被分为叶状绒毛膜,羊膜,底蜕膜三层,并对胎盘和脐带切面共计5个样品进行了PROZ染色。石蜡切片脱蜡并用二甲苯和梯度醇水合。之后,加热切片以进行抗原修复。内源性过氧化物酶用3%H2O2灭活冷却至室温后的溶液。将30%的正常山羊血清在室温下封闭抗原4分钟,并将一抗在30℃下孵育过夜。生物素化二抗(中山生物股份有限公司,中国)在室温下孵育45分钟。在免疫组织化学染色中,DAB用于显色,苏木精(中国Beyotime)用于核染色。结果由显微镜(日本奥林巴斯)拍摄。通过ImageJ软件对阳性结果进行量化。使用的一抗为抗维生素依赖蛋白Z蛋白(PROZ)(1:150,Abcam,英国)
实验结果如下:
人体羊膜组织中成功提取羊膜成纤维细胞
从人体胎盘中分离羊膜组织,提取获得原代羊膜成纤维细胞(图3)。体外培养后的羊膜成纤维细胞形态具有扁平、梭状等多型性(图3A-B),采用特异性分子标记物Vimentin和CK19对进行流式细胞鉴定,R1表示Vimentin阳性表达,Q1表示CK19阴性表达。结果显示R1阳性表达达到97.8%。Q1阴性表达达到98.5%(图3C),说明提取到的细胞为羊膜成纤维细胞。
羊膜成纤维细胞的生物学性质和功能受PROZ调控
羊膜成纤维细胞是维持胎膜强度和弹性的重要成分,羊膜成纤维细胞的提早或过度成熟会影响胎膜的稳定性PROZ通过改变羊膜成纤维细胞的生物学功能来加速羊膜成熟,这些作用可通过PROZ促进成纤维细胞的迁移、增殖来实现。
在使用重组蛋白(PROZ)进行外部刺激时,羊膜成纤维细胞的迁移实验用光学显微镜拍摄细胞划痕试验结果;用图像分析仪计算未固化划痕的面积。划痕试验结果表明,PROZ处理后成纤维细胞迁移能力增强,划痕愈合速度加快(图4A,B)。胎盘免疫组织化学染色结果显示PROZ主要分布于胎盘的羊膜层(图4D,H),CCK8测定和凋亡实验结果显示PROZ对成纤维细胞增殖和凋亡产生显著影响(图4C,E,I),WB结果显示PROZ对羊膜成纤维细胞Collagen-I表达产生显著影响(图4F),qPCR结果显示PROZ对羊膜成纤维细胞内IR1RL1,α-sma表达产生显著影响(图4G)。
在使用慢病毒干预羊膜成纤维细胞内PROZ表达时,划痕试验结果表明,PROZ处理后羊膜成纤维细胞迁移能力增强,划痕愈合速度加快(图5C)。CCK8活力试验结果表明,过表达PROZ处理后羊膜成纤维细增殖能力增强,增殖速度加快,抑制PROZ表达处理后羊膜成纤维细增殖能力变弱,增殖速度减慢(如图5E)。凋亡试验结果表明,内部干预后未见变化(图5F)。WB结果显示Collagen-I表达未见显著变化(图5G)。
通过比较发现:在细胞实验中,PROZ干预后羊膜成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移速度明显加快,浓度越高,效果越明显呈现为浓度依赖性。这一结果与在通过慢病毒改变了PROZ在羊膜成纤维细胞中的表达后表现相同,mimic PROZ的组别增殖与迁移速度显著快于inhibitPROZ的组别。以上这些生物学功能的改变表明PROZ具有促羊膜成纤维细胞成熟的作用。除此之外,本实验还发现PROZ外部干预后的羊膜成纤维细胞更加容易发生早期凋亡,同样呈现为浓度依赖性,这可能与羊膜成纤维细胞的过度成熟有关。
影响胎膜拉伸的强度的一个关键因素是其中大量的胶原蛋白,拉伸强度的减弱使胎膜变薄,从而导致胎膜破裂。本发明实验结果表明,在细胞实验中不同浓度PROZ干预下的羊膜成纤维细胞I型胶原蛋白的分泌显著变化,表现为外部干预浓度越高表达量越少(如图4F)。有研究报道对比胎膜早破及不同的孕周羊膜胶原蛋白含量的变化,发现胎膜早破组的胶原蛋白水平相比无胎膜早破组的明显降低;人羊膜组织结缔组织中胶原蛋白主要由I型和III型胶原蛋白组成。发生胎膜破裂时,其中I型胶原蛋白减少最为突出。而I型胶原蛋白减少的主要原因为随着羊膜成纤维细胞的成熟其逐渐水解,从而诱发胎膜早破并导致早产。本发明实验结果也印证了这一点。
本发明实验还证明:与单纯添加PROZ干预相比,慢病毒干预后的羊膜成纤维细胞增殖与迁移情况趋势相同(如图4B、4C,图5D、5E),但凋亡和胶原蛋白分泌情况并未有显著变化(如图4F、4I,图5F、5G)。这提示Collagen-I的水解也许与羊膜成纤维细胞的早期凋亡之间存在联系,或PROZ调控羊膜成纤维细胞凋亡与Collagen-I水解的受体位于细胞膜表面。
羊膜成纤维细胞的活化与ɑ-SMA的表达密切相关已知IL-1β,IL-6能够驱动炎症/基质相互作用,包括细胞活化和失调的胶原蛋白合成。人羊膜中IL-1β丰度的增加可能会刺激ER-phagy介导的羊膜成纤维细胞中COL2A3和COL7A134蛋白降解,从而参与分娩时膜破裂。IL-1R是一种与IL-1α或IL-1β结合的细胞因子受体,而IL1RL1是IL-1R家族的成员,结合在蛋白组学分析结果中早产组羊水样本中IL1RL1的过量表达,通过PCR检测了PROZ干预后α-SMA,IL1RL1的表达情况,如图4G结果所示,羊膜成纤维细胞在经过PROZ的干预后IL1RL1的表达发生了明显上调。据此说明PROZ影响Collagen-I的表达可能与此有关。
综上所述,本发明对PROZ在早产发生过程中羊膜成纤维细胞功能的调控进行了研究。在羊水样本中分析了其表达情况,PROZ早产孕妇的羊水中PROZ显著增加;细胞实验中,PROZ过表达可以促进成纤维细胞的迁移和增殖,从而促进了羊膜成纤维细胞的成熟,而抑制PROZ的表达,可以延缓成纤维细胞的迁移和增殖。在外部干预时影响I型胶原蛋白的表达,以上发现可能是促进胎膜早破发生早产的关键因素。
Claims (6)
1.维生素K依赖蛋白Z作为自发性早产风险筛查的标志物的应用。
2.检测孕妇羊水中维生素K依赖蛋白Z表达量的试剂在制备用于自发性早产风险筛查的产品中的应用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的产品为试剂盒。
4.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的检测孕妇羊水中维生素K依赖蛋白Z表达量的试剂为特异性扩增维生素K依赖蛋白Z的引物。
5.维生素K依赖蛋白Z在制备调节孕妇羊膜成纤维细胞功能的产品中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:敲低所述的维生素K依赖蛋白Z或者所述的维生素K依赖蛋白Z抑制剂在制备调节孕妇羊膜成纤维细胞功能的产品中的应用。
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