CN117413689A - 混合动力联合收获机及控制方法 - Google Patents

混合动力联合收获机及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN117413689A
CN117413689A CN202311270595.8A CN202311270595A CN117413689A CN 117413689 A CN117413689 A CN 117413689A CN 202311270595 A CN202311270595 A CN 202311270595A CN 117413689 A CN117413689 A CN 117413689A
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motor
power
generator
engine
battery pack
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赵敏
郭岗
熊根炼
李志远
余军
严加芳
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Zhonglian Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
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Zhonglian Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D69/00Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D69/02Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers electric
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12Details of combines
    • A01D41/127Control or measuring arrangements specially adapted for combines
    • A01D41/1274Control or measuring arrangements specially adapted for combines for drives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12Details of combines
    • A01D41/127Control or measuring arrangements specially adapted for combines
    • A01D41/1278Control or measuring arrangements specially adapted for combines for automatic steering
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12Details of combines
    • A01D41/14Mowing tables
    • A01D41/141Automatic header control
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D69/00Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D69/00Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D69/06Gearings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D69/00Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
    • A01D69/08Clutches
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/44Grain cleaners; Grain separators
    • A01F12/446Sieving means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/56Driving mechanisms for the threshing parts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/58Control devices; Brakes; Bearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供了一种混合动力联合收获机及控制方法,涉及农业机械技术领域。混合动力联合收获机包括混合动力系统、割台系统、清选系统、脱粒系统、行走系统和控制系统;混合动力系统包括动力电池组、发动机、离合器和发电机,发动机通过取力口与发电机连接并通过离合器连接动力输出轴PTO,动力输出轴PTO通过传动装置分别与割台系统以及清选系统连接,发电机和动力电池组均通过配电装置分别与行走电机、滚筒电机、风机电机以及拨禾轮电机连接,控制系统用于控制动力电池组、发动机以及发电机的工作。简化传动系统,作业效率高、响应速度快、过载能力强、降低劳动强度、更节能。

Description

混合动力联合收获机及控制方法
技术领域
本申请涉及农业机械技术领域,具体地,涉及一种混合动力联合收获机及控制方法。
背景技术
农业机械装备是现代农业的重要基础。随着现代农业新型生产业态和新型生产模式的发展,对生产效率、环境保护、绿色节能等方面提出越来越高的要求。传统联合收获机采用柴油发动机+机械传动的方式,其动力传输装置都是通过发动机输出经过多级传动的方式,部件多,路径长,传递效率低且故障率高;不同工况作业下,作业参数无法实时精确调节,使得机器作业性能不稳定、能源利用率低,致使整机的燃油消耗和碳排放大大增加。
现有技术中有提供的一种串联式油电混合动力联合收获机通过分动箱将发动机的动力分别输入动力输出轴PTO和发电机,并在发电机和分动箱之间设有离合器。通过离合器切断驱动发电机的动力,发动机的全部动力传入动力输出轴PTO用于驱动脱粒系统的滚筒和清选系统的风机工作。如果没有该离合器,会影响驱动脱粒系统的滚筒和清选系统的风机工作效率。由此,现有技术提供的存在如下几个弊端:
(1)发电机与动力输出轴PTO通过一个分动箱连接,且发电机与分动箱之间设有离合器,结构复杂,增加的分动箱存在效率损失;
(2)脱粒滚筒和清选系统的风机是通过传动装置与发动机直连,无法检测实时的喂入量,当喂入量过大时,发动机转速降低甚至憋停发动机,大大降低作业效率和增加人工劳动强度;
(3)喂入系统功率最大的脱粒滚筒由发动机通过动力输出轴PTO直接驱动,无法检测脱粒滚筒的实时功率,无法通过脱粒滚筒的实时功率调节其它系统的功率或转速,从而无法保证当前发动机功率的最大化,而降低作业效率及增加能耗。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种混合动力联合收获机及控制方法,用以解决现有技术中存在的不足。
为达上述目的,第一方面,本申请提供了一种混合动力联合收获机,包括混合动力系统、割台系统、清选系统、脱粒系统、行走系统和控制系统;
所述混合动力系统包括动力电池组、发动机、离合器和发电机,所述发动机通过取力口与所述发电机连接并通过所述离合器连接动力输出轴PTO,所述发电机与所述动力电池组连接,其中,所述动力输出轴PTO通过传动装置分别与所述割台系统以及所述清选系统连接,所述发电机和所述动力电池组均通过配电装置分别与所述行走系统中的行走电机、所述脱粒系统中驱动脱粒滚筒运转的滚筒电机、所述清选系统中的风机电机以及所述割台系统中的拨禾轮电机连接,所述配电装置用于将所述发电机和所述动力电池组提供的电能进行按需分配;
所述控制系统用于控制所述动力电池组、所述发动机以及所述发电机的工作。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进:
结合第一方面,在一种可能的实施方式中,所述控制系统包括:
电机控制器,分别连接所述配电装置、所述发电机和所述动力电池组;
整车控制器,连接所述发动机、所述动力电池组、所述电机控制器;和
传感器,用于检测所述动力输出轴PTO的转速,并将转速信号反馈至所述电机控制器和所述整车控制器,所述电机控制器和所述整车控制器用于根据所述转速信号控制对应的所述发电机、所述发动机和所述动力电池组进行动力补偿,以调节所述行走电机、所述滚筒电机、所述风机电机以及所述拨禾轮电机的扭矩和转速。
结合第一方面,在一种可能的实施方式中,所述割台系统还包括拨禾轮、割刀、割台搅龙和输送带,所述拨禾轮与所述拨禾轮电机连接,所述割刀、所述割台搅龙和所述输送带均与所述动力输出轴PTO连接。
结合第一方面,在一种可能的实施方式中,所述清选系统还包括风机、清选筛、杂余搅龙和籽粒搅龙,所述风机与所述风机电机连接,所述清选筛、所述杂余搅龙、所述籽粒搅龙均与所述动力输出轴PTO连接。
结合第一方面,在一种可能的实施方式中,所述清选筛包括抖动板以及依次设置于所述抖动板上的上筛、下筛和尾筛,所述抖动板与所述动力输出轴PTO连接。
结合第一方面,在一种可能的实施方式中,所述混合动力联合收获机还包括碎草系统,所述碎草系统通过所述传动装置与所述动力输出轴PTO连接。
结合第一方面,在一种可能的实施方式中,所述行走系统还包括行走变速器、左驱动轮和右驱动轮,所述行走变速器与所述行走电机连接,所述行走变速器传动连接所述左驱动轮和所述右驱动轮。
结合第一方面,在一种可能的实施方式中,所述混合动力联合收获机还包括车架和设置于所述车架上的储粮箱。
为达上述目的,第二方面,本申请还提供了一种混合动力联合收获机的控制方法,应用了根据上述第一方面提供的混合动力联合收获机,所述混合动力联合收获机的控制方法包括:
通过所述发电机反拖启动所述发动机;
通过所述动力输出轴PTO使得所述发动机输出的动力驱动所述割台系统和所述清选系统工作;
通过所述配电装置将所述动力电池组和所述发电机输出的电能进行按需分配,以驱动相应的所述行走电机、所述滚筒电机、所述风机电机以及所述拨禾轮电机工作;
监控所述行走电机、所述滚筒电机、所述风机电机以及所述拨禾轮电机的扭矩和转速,控制所述发电机输出的转速和扭矩,以将所述动力电池组的电量控制在预设范围内,并根据所述动力电池组充放电,控制所述发动机维持在高效工作区间。
结合第二方面,在一种可能的实施方式中,根据所述滚筒电机的扭矩和转速,计算所述滚筒电机当前消耗的功率,在所述滚筒电机的功率大于预设值的情况下,降低所述行走电机的转速和扭矩,同时调整所述风机电机以及所述拨禾轮电机的扭矩和转速进行适配。
相比于现有技术,本申请的有益效果:
本申请提供了一种混合动力联合收获机及控制方法,其中,混合动力联合收获机通过连接在发动机上的发电机和动力电池组共同输出电能驱动相应的行走电机、滚筒电机、风机电机以及拨禾轮电机工作,从而简化传动系统,提高了作业效率和响应速度,降低整机能耗。
发动机与发电机直连,中间无离合器,可以直接通过发电机倒拖发动机进行起动,通过控制发电机扭矩实现发动机功率输出,简化结构、降低成本、发动机起动速度更快、更平稳。
行走电机、滚筒电机、风机电机以及拨禾轮电机启动后,通过监控滚筒电机的实时输出功率,调整行走电机、风机电机和拨禾轮电机的转速和扭矩,避免脱脱粒系统中粒滚筒堵塞,从而提高作业效率,降低故障率;同时行走车速跟随脱粒滚筒电机功率大小而实时调整,作业过程中做到无需作业人员控制车速,大大降低人工劳动强度。
通过协同控制滚筒电机、风机电机、拨禾轮电机以及行走电机功率,控制发电机扭矩和发动机转速,调节动力电池组的输出电流,可使发动机长时间工作在高效区间,解决联合收获机在收获(农作物状态:干、半干、青、湿等)、卸粮、转场等不同工况下发动机比油耗高的问题,降低联合收获机综合作业能耗。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。在附图中:
图1示出了本申请实施例提供的一种混合动力联合收获机的原理简图;
图2示出了本申请实施例提供的一种混合动力联合收获机的主视图;
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的混合动力联合收获机的俯视图;
图4示出了本申请实施例提供的混合动力联合收获机的后视图;
图5示出了本申请实施例提供的混合动力联合收获机的局部视图;
图6示出了本申请实施例提供的混合动力联合收获机发电机反拖发动机起动控制方式的控制逻辑图;
图7示出了本申请实施例提供的混合动力联合收获机滚筒防堵塞控制方式的控制逻辑图;
图8示出了本申请实施例提供的混合动力联合收获机协调控制及能耗最优控制方式的控制逻辑图。
附图标记说明:
10、割台系统;11、割台搅龙;12、割刀;13、输送带;14、拨禾轮;14a、拨禾轮电机;
20、清选系统;21、杂余搅龙;22、籽粒搅龙;23、清选筛;23a、抖动板;23b、上筛;23c、下筛;23d、尾筛;24、风机;24a、风机电机;
30、发动机;31、离合器;32、动力输出轴PTO;33、发电机;34、动力电池组;
40、控制系统;41、整车控制器;42、传感器;43、电机控制器;
50、脱粒系统;51、脱粒滚筒;51a、滚筒电机;
60、行走系统;61a、行走电机;61b、行走变速器;61c、左驱动轮;61d、右驱动轮;
70、碎草系统;71、切碎器滚筒;
81、储粮箱。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本申请实施例的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本申请实施例,并不用于限制本申请实施例。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本申请实施例中,需要理解的,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面将参考附图并结合示例性实施例来详细说明本申请。
实施例
请参阅图1,本实施例提供了一种混合动力联合收获机。其中,混合动力联合收获机包括车架及设置于车架上的混合动力系统、割台系统10、清选系统20、脱粒系统50、行走系统60和控制系统40。
混合动力系统包括动力电池组34、发动机30、离合器31和发电机33。其中,发动机30和动力电池组34为整机的能量来源,再结合离合器31、取力器、发电机33以及动力输出轴PTO 32等部件一同构成了整机的混合动力系统。可以理解的,在本实施例中,发动机30的动力分别通过离合器31输入至动力输出轴PTO 32对外输出和通过取力口输入至发电机33与动力电池组34对外输出,形成一种混合动力系统。
发动机30通过取力口与发电机33连接并通过离合器31连接动力输出轴PTO 32,由此,发动机30输出的动力通过离合器31可选择性地输送给动力输出轴PTO 32。其中,动力输出轴PTO 32通过传动装置分别与割台系统10以及清选系统20传动连接。在本实施例中,动力输出轴PTO 32不与割台系统10中的拨禾轮14以及清选系统20中的风机24连接。
发电机33与动力电池组34连接,通过发电机33可为动力电池组34提供充电,动力电池组34也可通过外接电源进行充电。进一步的,发电机33和动力电池组34均通过配电装置分别与行走系统60中的行走电机61a、脱粒系统50中的滚筒电机51a、清选系统20中的风机电机24a以及割台系统10中的拨禾轮电机14a连接,配电装置用于将发电机33和动力电池组34提供的电能进行按需分配,以驱动相应的行走电机61a、滚筒电机51a、风机电机24a以及拨禾轮电机14a工作。控制系统40用于控制动力电池组34、发动机30以及发电机33的工作。
上述控制系统40包括电机控制器43、整车控制器41和传感器42。电机控制器43分别连接配电装置、发电机33和动力电池组34。整车控制器41连接发动机30。传感器42用于检测动力输出轴PTO 32的转速,并将转速信号反馈至电机控制器43和整车控制器41,电机控制器43和整车控制器41用于根据转速信号控制对应的发电机33、发动机30和动力电池组34进行动力补偿。
请一并参阅图2、图3、图4及图5,上述割台系统10还包括拨禾轮14、割刀12、割台搅龙11和输送带13。拨禾轮14与拨禾轮电机14a连接,通过拨禾轮电机14a驱动拨禾轮14工作。割刀12、割台搅龙11和输送带13均与动力输出轴PTO 32连接,通过动力输出轴PTO 32驱动割刀12、割台搅龙11和输送带13工作。
上述清选系统20还包括风机24、清选筛23、杂余搅龙21和籽粒搅龙22。风机24与风机电机24a连接,由风机电机24a驱动风机24工作。清选筛23、杂余搅龙21、籽粒搅龙22均与动力输出轴PTO 32连接,通过动力输出轴PTO 32驱动清选筛23、杂余搅龙21、籽粒搅龙22工作。
进一步的,在本实施例中,清选筛23包括抖动板23a以及依次设置于抖动板23a上的上筛23b、下筛23c和尾筛23d,抖动板23a与动力输出轴PTO 32连接,动力输出轴PTO 32可驱动抖动板23a按预设频率振动。
混合动力联合收获机还包括碎草系统70,其中,碎草系统70包括切碎器滚筒71,切碎器滚筒71通过传动装置与动力输出轴PTO 32传动连接,由此,切碎器滚筒71的间接由发动机30直接提供。
上述脱粒系统50还包括脱粒滚筒51,脱粒滚筒51与滚筒电机51a连接,由滚筒电机51a驱动脱粒滚筒51工作。
上述行走系统60还包括行走变速器61b、左驱动轮61c和右驱动轮61d,行走变速器61b与行走电机61a连接,行走变速器61b传动连接左驱动轮61c和右驱动轮61d。由此,行走电机61a输出的动力先传递给行走变速器61b,再由行走变速器61b驱动左驱动轮61c和右驱动轮61d同步转动,以驱动混合动力联合收获机行进。
在本实施例中,混合动力联合收获机还包括设置于车架上的储粮箱81,储粮箱81用于收集脱粒系统50处理后的粮食。
进一步的,本实施例还一并提供了一种混合动力联合收获机的控制方法,应用了上述提供的混合动力联合收获机。其中,混合动力联合收获机的控制方法包括:
通过发电机33反拖启动发动机30;
通过动力输出轴PTO 32使得发动机30输出的动力驱动割台系统10、清选系统20和述碎草系统70工作;
通过配电装置将动力电池组34和发电机33输出的电能进行按需分配,以驱动相应的行走电机61a、滚筒电机51a、风机电机24a以及拨禾轮电机14a工作;
监控行走电机61a、滚筒电机51a、风机电机24a以及拨禾轮电机14a的扭矩和转速,控制发电机33输出的转速和扭矩,以将动力电池组34的电量控制在预设范围内,并根据动力电池组34充放电,控制发动机30维持在高效工作区间。
请参阅图6,上述“通过发电机33反拖启动发动机30”的控制逻辑如下:整车控制器41检测到钥匙上电信号后,各系统(混合动力系统、割台系统10、清选系统20、脱粒系统50、行走系统60、碎草系统70和控制系统40)开始自检,无故障后整车控制器41给动力电池组34下发上高压指令,动力电池组34完成上高压。检测到钥匙起动信号后,整车控制器41请求发电机33扭矩模式,目标转速450rpm,并开始计时,发电机33带动发动机30旋转,当发动机30转速大于400rpm时,开始喷油,当发动机30转速大于700rpm时,发动机30起动成功,整车控制器41请求发电机33卸扭,发电机33退出转速模式,随发动机30转动,此时,发动机30驱动发电机33发电。
进一步的,混合动力联合收获机的控制方法还包括:
根据滚筒电机51a的扭矩和转速,计算滚筒电机51a当前消耗的功率,在滚筒电机51a的功率大于预设值的情况下,降低行走电机61a的转速和扭矩,同时调整风机电机24a以及拨禾轮电机14a的扭矩和转速进行适配。
请参阅图7,具体的,整车控制器41实时采集当前滚筒电机51a的转速和扭矩,从而可以计算出当前滚筒电机51a的功率,将当前滚筒电机51a功率与预设的功率进行比较,当滚筒电机51a功率在预设值范围之内时,整车控制器41请求行走电机61a、拨禾轮电机14a和风机电机24a保持当前转速运行。当滚筒电机51a功率小于预设值时,整车控制器41请求行走电机61a、拨禾轮电机14a和风机电机24a提高转速,增大喂入量。当滚筒电机51a功率大于预设值时,整车控制器41请求行走电机61a、拨禾轮电机14a和风机电机24a降低转速,减少喂入量。通过以上控制方式可以防止脱粒滚筒51堵塞。
请参阅图8,通过发动机30与动力输出轴PTO 32之间离合器31的开关状态判断整机当前作业工况:
离合器31闭合,表明混合动力联合收获机在收获作业;离合器31断开,表明混合动力联合收获机在卸粮或转运状态。收获作业中,受制于籽粒搅龙22、切碎器滚筒71等部件转速要求,发动机30需运行在固定2200rpm,作业人员通过操作装置设置作业车速,整车控制器41控制行走电机61a按设置的目标车速运行,同时控制拨禾轮电机14a和风机电机24a转速与行走电机61a转速呈线性比例关系,当作业速度低时,拨禾轮电机14a和风机电机24a的转速也随之降低,避免喂入量低时较高的转速带来高的能耗。作业过程中,随着作物的干、半干、青、湿等状态以及作业车速的不同,滚筒电机51a的转速和扭矩会存在较大的波动,整车控制器41实时监控滚筒电机51a的转速和扭矩,计算滚筒电机51a的功率与预设的功率比较,当滚筒电机51a实时功率在预设的范围值内(最大/最小之间设定的功率范围)时,整车控制器41控制行走电机61a保持当前转速不变;当滚筒电机51a功率小于预设值时,整车控制器41请求行走电机61a、拨禾轮电机14a和风机电机24a提高转速,增大喂入量。当滚筒电机51a功率大于预设值时,整车控制器41请求行走电机61a、拨禾轮电机14a和风机电机24a降低转速,减少喂入量。通过以上控制方式可以防止脱粒滚筒51堵塞。以上,通过调节行走电机61a转速,保持混合动力联合收获机恒定的最大喂入量。
混合动力联合收获机卸粮或转场工作时,离合器31处于断开状态,此时,发动机30转速处于可调节模式。卸粮和转场工作模式下,整车控制器41通过计算当前负载需求功率,控制发电机33的输出功率,因卸粮和转速需求功率与发动机30额定功率相比较小,因此可以控制发动机30在较低转速运行。
整车控制器41通过计算当前行走电机61a、拨禾轮电机14a、滚筒电机51a和风机电机24a的功率,结合动力电池组34当前SOC值和离合器31开闭状态,查表发动机30万有特性曲线表(MAP),确定发动机30的最佳油耗工作区间。其中,当动力电池组34的SOC高于预设SOC值时,通过整车控制器41降低发电机33的输出功率;当动力电池组34的SOC低于预设SOC值时,通过整车控制器41提升发电机33的输出功率,使发动机30工作在当前需求功率下比油耗最低工作区间,从而降低混合动力联合收获机的整机能耗。
相比于现有技术,在本实施例提供的混合动力联合收获机中,可以直接通过发电机33倒拖发动机30进行起动,发动机30起动响应更快,成本更低。脱粒系统50、行走系统60、风机24及拨禾轮14均采用电机直驱。在作业模式下,滚筒电机51a的输出扭矩(功率)根据作物的干、半干、青、湿等状态变化而自动调节,而行走车速、拨禾轮14和风机24跟随滚筒电机51a的功率变化自行调节,在不同作业工况下的收割速度选择更加合理,避免脱粒滚筒51堵塞,并且可以发挥出发动机30的最大功率。
进一步的,采用发电机33和动力电池组34之间设有配电装置,发电机33通过配电装置与部分系统及子部件的电机(行走电机61a、滚筒电机51a、风机电机24a以及拨禾轮电机14a)直接相连,并与动力电池组34根据动力需求一直参与工作,通过动力电池组34的充放电,实现多动力源向多目标负载的能量合理有效分配,即在不同作业工况下,发动机30工作在当前负载需求的最低比油耗区间,并且将发动机30功率最大化发挥,提高作业效率。
需要说明的,上述描述的传动装置为常见的机械传动装置,其中,包括但不限于齿轮传动、链轮传动、皮带轮传统等。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请实施例的可选实施方式,但是,本申请实施例并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本申请实施例的技术构思范围内,可以对本申请实施例的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本申请实施例的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本申请实施例对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本申请实施例的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本申请实施例的思想,其同样应当视为本申请实施例所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种混合动力联合收获机,其特征在于,包括混合动力系统、割台系统(10)、清选系统(20)、脱粒系统(50)、行走系统(60)和控制系统(40);
所述混合动力系统包括动力电池组(34)、发动机(30)、离合器(31)和发电机(33),所述发动机(30)通过取力口与所述发电机(33)连接并通过所述离合器(31)连接动力输出轴PTO(32),所述发电机(33)与所述动力电池组(34)连接,其中,所述动力输出轴PTO(32)通过传动装置分别与所述割台系统(10)以及所述清选系统(20)连接,所述发电机(33)和所述动力电池组(34)均通过配电装置分别与所述行走系统(60)中的行走电机(61a)、所述脱粒系统(50)中驱动脱粒滚筒(51)运转的滚筒电机(51a)、所述清选系统(20)中的风机电机(24a)以及所述割台系统(10)中的拨禾轮电机(14a)连接,所述配电装置用于将所述发电机(33)和所述动力电池组(34)提供的电能进行按需分配;
所述控制系统(40)用于控制所述动力电池组(34)、所述发动机(30)以及所述发电机(33)的工作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力联合收获机,其特征在于,所述控制系统(40)包括:
电机控制器(43),分别连接所述配电装置、所述发电机(33)和所述动力电池组(34);
整车控制器(41),连接所述发动机(30)、所述动力电池组(34)、所述电机控制器(43);和
传感器(42),用于检测所述动力输出轴PTO(32)的转速,并将转速信号反馈至所述电机控制器(43)和所述整车控制器(41),所述电机控制器(43)和所述整车控制器(41)用于根据所述转速信号控制对应的所述发电机(33)、所述发动机(30)和所述动力电池组(34)进行动力补偿,以调节所述行走电机(61a)、所述滚筒电机(51a)、所述风机电机(24a)以及所述拨禾轮电机(14a)的扭矩和转速。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力联合收获机,其特征在于,所述割台系统(10)还包括拨禾轮(14)、割刀(12)、割台搅龙(11)和输送带(13),所述拨禾轮(14)与所述拨禾轮电机(14a)连接,所述割刀(12)、所述割台搅龙(11)和所述输送带(13)均与所述动力输出轴PTO(32)连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力联合收获机,其特征在于,所述清选系统(20)还包括风机(24)、清选筛(23)、杂余搅龙(21)和籽粒搅龙(22),所述风机(24)与所述风机电机(24a)连接,所述清选筛(23)、所述杂余搅龙(21)、所述籽粒搅龙(22)均与所述动力输出轴PTO(32)连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力联合收获机,其特征在于,所述清选筛(23)包括抖动板(23a)以及依次设置于所述抖动板(23a)上的上筛(23b)、下筛(23c)和尾筛(23d),所述抖动板(23a)与所述动力输出轴PTO(32)连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力联合收获机,其特征在于,所述混合动力联合收获机还包括碎草系统(70),所述碎草系统(70)通过所述传动装置与所述动力输出轴PTO(32)连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力联合收获机,其特征在于,所述行走系统(60)还包括行走变速器(61b)、左驱动轮(61c)和右驱动轮(61d),所述行走变速器(61b)与所述行走电机(61a)连接,所述行走变速器(61b)传动连接所述左驱动轮(61c)和所述右驱动轮(61d)。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的混合动力联合收获机,其特征在于,所述混合动力联合收获机还包括车架和设置于所述车架上的储粮箱(81)。
9.一种混合动力联合收获机的控制方法,其特征在于,应用了根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的混合动力联合收获机,所述混合动力联合收获机的控制方法包括:
通过所述发电机(33)反拖启动所述发动机(30);
通过所述动力输出轴PTO(32)使得所述发动机(30)输出的动力驱动所述割台系统(10)和所述清选系统(20)工作;
通过所述配电装置将所述动力电池组(34)和所述发电机(33)输出的电能进行按需分配,以驱动相应的所述行走电机(61a)、所述滚筒电机(51a)、所述风机电机(24a)以及所述拨禾轮电机(14a)工作;
监控所述行走电机(61a)、所述滚筒电机(51a)、所述风机电机(24a)以及所述拨禾轮电机(14a)的扭矩和转速,控制所述发电机(33)输出的转速和扭矩,以将所述动力电池组(34)的电量控制在预设范围内,并根据所述动力电池组(34)充放电,控制所述发动机(30)维持在高效工作区间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力联合收获机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述混合动力联合收获机的控制方法还包括:
根据所述滚筒电机(51a)的扭矩和转速,计算所述滚筒电机(51a)当前消耗的功率,在所述滚筒电机(51a)的功率大于预设值的情况下,降低所述行走电机(61a)的转速和扭矩,同时调整所述风机电机(24a)以及所述拨禾轮电机(14a)的扭矩和转速进行适配。
CN202311270595.8A 2023-09-27 2023-09-27 混合动力联合收获机及控制方法 Pending CN117413689A (zh)

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