CN117179162A - Premixed feed for dairy cows and application thereof - Google Patents
Premixed feed for dairy cows and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117179162A CN117179162A CN202311291530.1A CN202311291530A CN117179162A CN 117179162 A CN117179162 A CN 117179162A CN 202311291530 A CN202311291530 A CN 202311291530A CN 117179162 A CN117179162 A CN 117179162A
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- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- KFSJYZYQSZKRRQ-BYPYZUCNSA-N (2s)-2-(hydroxyamino)-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical class CSCC[C@H](NO)C(O)=O KFSJYZYQSZKRRQ-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 45
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- 229940038879 chelated zinc Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FDKWRPBBCBCIGA-REOHCLBHSA-N (2r)-2-azaniumyl-3-$l^{1}-selanylpropanoate Chemical compound [Se]C[C@H](N)C(O)=O FDKWRPBBCBCIGA-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FDKWRPBBCBCIGA-UWTATZPHSA-N D-Selenocysteine Natural products [Se]C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O FDKWRPBBCBCIGA-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZKZBPNGNEQAJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenocysteine Natural products [SeH]CC(N)C(O)=O ZKZBPNGNEQAJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940055619 selenocysteine Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000016491 selenocysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- LKEZBLSQCJEERD-WCCKRBBISA-N (2S)-2-(hydroxyamino)-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid zinc Chemical compound [Zn].ON[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O LKEZBLSQCJEERD-WCCKRBBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010037294 Puerperal pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000037182 bone density Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003394 haemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004839 potassium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cow breeding, and particularly relates to a cow premix feed and application thereof. By reasonably matching the organic (hydroxy methionine salt or hydrolyzed protein salt) trace mineral elements with the inorganic (sulfate salt) trace mineral elements, the trace elements required by the cows are satisfied, and the emission of mineral nutrition in the manure can be reduced while the production performance of the cows in the lactation period is improved. Experiments show that by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention, the total mass of copper, manganese and zinc discharged by daily faeces of dairy cows is respectively reduced by 0.3-2.7%, 0.83-3.1% and 0.75-1.33%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cow breeding, and particularly relates to a cow premix feed and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, the dairy cow breeding industry in China has rapidly developed, but various problems are caused by management level, human factors and the like. For example, in the intensive cultivation process, in order to pursue higher production performance, producers blindly improve microelements such as copper, manganese, zinc and the like in the daily ration premix, thereby leading mineral elements which are not absorbed and utilized to enter soil along with manure, and causing nutrition waste and serious environmental pollution; in addition, antibiotics and other medicines are randomly used in the feed, so that the production performance and the dairy quality of the dairy cows are also directly reduced greatly. Therefore, the quality of the feed not only directly affects the quality of the cultured products, but also indirectly affects the environmental resources.
Chinese patent CN1957741 a discloses a pollution-free premix feed for cows, which achieves the purpose of improving the yield and milk quality of cows by increasing the amounts of trace elements such as copper, manganese, zinc and the like in the premix feed, but does not have the effect of reducing excessive emission of trace minerals in the manure of cows.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pre-mixed feed for dairy cows and application thereof, which not only can improve the production performance of the dairy cows, but also can synchronously reduce excessive discharge of trace minerals in the dairy cow manure.
The invention provides a pre-mixed feed for dairy cows, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass as shown in 1) or 2):
1) 1.29 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated copper, 3.09 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated manganese, 6.81 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated zinc, 0.62 part of copper sulfate, 1.16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.37 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.62 parts of potassium iodide, 0.51 part of sodium selenite, 1.69 parts of selenocysteine, 1.27 parts of cobalt sulfate, 5 parts of rice chaff and 73.58 parts of stone powder;
2) 1.55 parts of hydrolyzed protein copper, 4.63 parts of hydrolyzed protein manganese, 6.81 parts of hydrolyzed protein zinc, 0.62 part of copper sulfate, 1.16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.37 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.62 parts of potassium iodide, 0.51 part of sodium selenite, 1.69 parts of selenocysteine, 1.27 parts of cobalt sulfate, 3.20 parts of rice chaff and 73.58 parts of stone powder.
Preferably, the mass content of Cu element in the hydroxy methionine chelated copper is 12%;
the mass content of Mn element in the hydroxy methionine chelated manganese is 12%;
the mass content of Zn element in the hydroxyl methionine chelated zinc is 12%.
Preferably, the mass content of Cu element in the hydrolyzed protein copper is 10%;
the mass content of Mn element in the hydrolyzed protein manganese is 8%;
the mass content of Zn element in the hydrolyzed protein zinc is 12%.
The invention provides the application of the pre-mixed feed for the dairy cows in one or more of preparing feed, improving the production performance of the dairy cows and reducing the excessive emission of trace minerals in the faeces of the dairy cows.
The invention also provides a method for improving the production performance of the dairy cows and/or reducing the excessive emission of trace minerals in the dairy cow manure, which comprises the following steps:
the premixed feed for the dairy cows, which is prepared by the technical scheme, is added into the feed for feeding the dairy cows.
Preferably, the types of cows include: holstein cows.
Preferably, the feed comprises a concentrate supplement or a ration.
Preferably, when the premixed feed is added into the concentrate supplement, the addition amount of the premixed feed is 0.7% -1% of the total mass of the concentrate supplement;
when the premixed feed is added into daily ration, the addition amount of the premixed feed is 80 g/head/day.
Preferably, the adding time of the premixed feed is the lactation period of the dairy cows.
The invention provides a dairy cow feed, which comprises the pre-mixed feed and the basic feed for the dairy cows.
The beneficial effects are that:
the invention provides a pre-mixed feed for dairy cows, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass as shown in 1) or 2): 1) 1.29 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated copper, 3.09 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated manganese, 6.81 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated zinc, 0.62 part of copper sulfate, 1.16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.37 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.62 parts of potassium iodide, 0.51 part of sodium selenite, 1.69 parts of selenocysteine, 1.27 parts of cobalt sulfate, 5 parts of rice chaff and 73.58 parts of stone powder; 2) 1.55 parts of hydrolyzed protein copper, 4.63 parts of hydrolyzed protein manganese, 6.81 parts of hydrolyzed protein zinc, 0.62 part of copper sulfate, 1.16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.37 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.62 parts of potassium iodide, 0.51 part of sodium selenite, 1.69 parts of selenocysteine, 1.27 parts of cobalt sulfate, 3.20 parts of rice chaff and 73.58 parts of stone powder. By reasonably matching the organic (hydroxy methionine salt or hydrolyzed protein salt) trace mineral elements with the inorganic (sulfate salt) trace mineral elements, the trace elements required by the cows are satisfied, and the emission of mineral nutrition in the manure can be reduced while the production performance of the cows in the lactation period is improved.
Based on the technical advantages, the invention also provides application of the pre-mixed feed for the dairy cows in improving the production performance of the dairy cows and/or reducing excessive discharge of trace minerals in the faeces of the dairy cows. By adding the premixed feed into the feed for feeding cows, the production performance of the cows is improved and/or the excessive emission of trace minerals in the manure of the cows is reduced. Experiments show that by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention, the total mass of copper, manganese and zinc discharged by daily faeces of dairy cows is respectively reduced by 0.3-2.7%, 0.83-3.1% and 0.75-1.33%.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a pre-mixed feed for dairy cows, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass as shown in 1) or 2): 1) 1.29 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated copper, 3.09 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated manganese, 6.81 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated zinc, 0.62 part of copper sulfate, 1.16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.37 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.62 parts of potassium iodide, 0.51 part of sodium selenite, 1.69 parts of selenocysteine, 1.27 parts of cobalt sulfate, 5 parts of rice chaff and 73.58 parts of stone powder; 2) 1.55 parts of hydrolyzed protein copper, 4.63 parts of hydrolyzed protein manganese, 6.81 parts of hydrolyzed protein zinc, 0.62 part of copper sulfate, 1.16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.37 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.62 parts of potassium iodide, 0.51 part of sodium selenite, 1.69 parts of selenocysteine, 1.27 parts of cobalt sulfate, 3.20 parts of rice chaff and 73.58 parts of stone powder. By reasonably matching the organic (hydroxy methionine salt or hydrolyzed protein salt) trace mineral elements with the inorganic (sulfate salt) trace mineral elements, the trace elements required by the cows are satisfied, and the emission of mineral nutrition in the manure can be reduced while the production performance of the cows in the lactation period is improved.
In the invention, the mass of Cu element in the hydroxy methionine chelated copper is preferably 12%; the mass content of Mn element in the hydroxy methionine chelated manganese is preferably 12%; the mass content of Zn element in the hydroxyl methionine chelated zinc is preferably 12%. The sources of the hydroxy methionine chelated copper, the hydroxy methionine chelated manganese and the hydroxy methionine chelated zinc are not particularly limited, and the hydroxy methionine chelated copper, the hydroxy methionine chelated manganese and the hydroxy methionine chelated zinc are purchased conventionally. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the hydroxy methionine chelated copper, hydroxy methionine chelated manganese, and hydroxy methionine chelated zinc are purchased from Xingjia bioengineering limited. The addition of the hydroxyl methionine chelated copper, the hydroxyl methionine chelated manganese and the hydroxyl methionine chelated zinc with proper mass contents is beneficial to promoting the ruminant to absorb mineral elements.
In the invention, the mass content of Cu element in the hydrolyzed protein copper is preferably 10%; the mass content of Mn element in the hydrolyzed protein manganese is preferably 8%; the mass content of Zn element in the hydrolyzed protein zinc is preferably 12%. The sources of the hydrolyzed protein copper, hydrolyzed protein manganese and hydrolyzed protein zinc are not particularly limited, and the hydrolyzed protein copper, hydrolyzed protein manganese and hydrolyzed protein zinc are purchased conventionally. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the hydrolyzed copper protein, manganese protein, and zinc protein are purchased from Jinbao animal nutrition Co., ltd. By adding proper mass content of hydrolyzed protein copper, hydrolyzed protein manganese and hydrolyzed protein zinc, the absorption of mineral elements by ruminants is facilitated.
In the invention, the mass content of Cu element in the copper sulfate is preferably 25%; the health of the hooves can be improved, the immunity can be improved, and the hair color can be lightened by adding copper into the cow feed.
In the invention, the mass content of Mn element in the manganese sulfate is preferably 31.8%; the milk yield can be improved, the bone density can be improved, and endometritis and puerperal fever can be reduced by adding manganese into the cow feed.
In the invention, the mass content of Zn element in the zinc sulfate is preferably 34.5%; by adding zinc into the dairy cow feed, the feed utilization efficiency can be improved, the mucous membrane integrity is maintained, inflammatory reaction and respiratory diseases are reduced, the immunity is improved, the number of milk body cells is reduced, the reproduction efficiency is improved, and hoof diseases are reduced.
In the invention, the mass content of the element I in the potassium iodide is preferably 1%; the iodine is added into the cow feed to promote the growth and the lactation.
In the invention, the mass content of Se element in the sodium selenite is preferably 1%; the mass content of Se element in the selenocysteine is preferably 1%; selenium is added into the cow feed to enhance the oxidation resistance and immunity of the organism.
In the present invention, the mass content of the Co element in the cobalt sulfate is preferably 1%. The digestion and absorption capacity of the cow to the feed can be enhanced by adding cobalt into the cow feed, and the hematopoietic function is maintained.
The preparation method of the pre-mixed feed for dairy cows preferably comprises the following steps: mixing hydroxy methionine chelated copper (or hydrolyzed protein copper), hydroxy methionine chelated manganese (or hydrolyzed protein manganese), hydroxy methionine chelated zinc (or hydrolyzed protein zinc), copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, selenocysteine, cobalt sulfate, rice chaff and stone powder.
In the invention, the preparation method is more preferably to mix the raw materials under the stirring condition, and the mixing is favorable for fully and uniformly stirring various materials. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the mixing means is mechanical mixing, in particular stirrer mixing. The pre-mixed feed for the dairy cows can be obtained by uniform mixing.
The invention provides the application of the technical scheme in one or more of preparing feed, improving the production performance of dairy cows and reducing excessive emission of trace minerals in the dairy cow manure. The premixed feed is added into the feed for feeding cows, so that the production performance of the cows is improved and/or the excessive emission of trace minerals in the manure of the cows is reduced, and therefore, the feed provided by the invention is an environment-friendly feed.
The invention also provides a method for improving the production performance of the dairy cows and/or reducing the excessive emission of trace minerals in the dairy cow manure, which comprises the following steps: the premixed feed for the dairy cows, which is prepared by the technical scheme, is added into the feed for feeding the dairy cows.
In the present invention, the dairy cow is preferably of the Holstein cow variety; the adding time of the premixed feed is preferably the lactation period of the dairy cows, and more preferably the mid-lactation period of the dairy cows; the feed is preferably a concentrate supplement or a ration. When the premixed feed is added into the concentrate supplement, the addition amount of the premixed feed is preferably 0.7% -1% of the total mass of the concentrate supplement; when the premix is added to a ration, the addition amount of the premix is preferably 80 g/head/day. The sources and the components of the concentrate supplement and the daily ration have no special requirements, and the concentrate supplement and the daily ration can be prepared by adopting feed components well known in the art.
The method also comprises daily management of the dairy cows. The daily management of the present invention is not particularly required and may be carried out by techniques well known in the art.
The invention also provides a dairy cow feed, which comprises the pre-mixed feed and the basic feed for the dairy cows. When the premix feed of the present invention is added to a basic feed, the addition amount of the premix feed is preferably 80 g/head/day. Experiments prove that after the dairy cow feed is fed to dairy cows, the total mass of copper, manganese and zinc discharged by daily faeces of the dairy cows is respectively reduced by 0.3 to 2.7 percent, 0.83 to 3.1 percent and 0.75 to 1.33 percent, so that the dairy cow feed is environment-friendly.
For further explanation of the present invention, a pre-mixed feed for dairy cows and its use are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A pre-mixed feed for dairy cows comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
1.29kg of hydroxy methionine chelated copper, 3.09kg of hydroxy methionine chelated manganese, 6.81kg of hydroxy methionine chelated zinc, 0.62kg of copper sulfate, 1.16kg of manganese sulfate, 2.37kg of zinc sulfate, 2.62kg of potassium iodide, 0.51kg of sodium selenite, 1.69kg of selenocysteine, 1.27kg of cobalt sulfate, 5kg of rice chaff and 73.58kg of stone powder;
wherein the mass content of Cu element in the hydroxy methionine chelated copper is 12%, the mass content of Mn element in the hydroxy methionine chelated manganese is 12%, the mass content of Zn element in the hydroxy methionine chelated zinc is 12%, the mass content of Cu element in the copper sulfate is 25%, the mass content of Mn element in the manganese sulfate is 31.8%, the mass content of Zn element in the zinc sulfate is 34.5%, the mass content of I element in the potassium iodide is 1%, the mass content of Se element in the sodium selenite is 1%, the mass content of Se element in the selenocysteine is 1%, and the mass content of Co element in the cobalt sulfate is 1%. The above raw materials were purchased from Xingjia bioengineering limited.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1.29kg of hydroxy methionine chelated copper, 3.09kg of hydroxy methionine chelated manganese, 6.81kg of hydroxy methionine chelated zinc, 0.62kg of copper sulfate, 1.16kg of manganese sulfate, 2.37kg of zinc sulfate, 2.62kg of potassium iodide, 0.51kg of sodium selenite, 1.69kg of selenocysteine, 1.27kg of cobalt sulfate, 5kg of rice chaff and 73.58kg of stone powder are added into a mixing stirrer, and uniformly stirred to obtain a finished product.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that 1.29kg of hydroxy methionine chelate copper is replaced with 1.55kg of hydrolyzed protein copper; 3.09kg of hydroxy methionine chelated manganese was replaced with 4.63kg of hydrolyzed protein manganese; 6.81kg of zinc hydroxy methionine chelate was replaced with 6.81kg of zinc hydrolyzed protein; reducing 5.00kg of rice chaff to 3.20kg;
wherein the mass content of Cu element in the hydrolyzed protein copper is 10%; the mass content of Mn element in the hydrolyzed protein manganese is 8%; the mass content of Zn element in the hydrolyzed protein zinc is 12 percent. The above raw materials were purchased from Jinbao animal nutrition technology Co.Ltd.
Comparative example 1
The premixed feed for the dairy cows comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1.24kg of copper sulfate, 2.33kg of manganese sulfate, 4.74kg of zinc sulfate, 2.62kg of potassium iodide, 2.18kg of sodium selenite, 1.27kg of cobalt sulfate, 12.04kg of rice chaff and 73.58kg of stone powder.
Under the stirring condition, 1.24kg of copper sulfate, 2.33kg of manganese sulfate, 4.74kg of zinc sulfate, 2.62kg of potassium iodide, 2.18kg of sodium selenite, 1.27kg of cobalt sulfate, 12.04kg of rice chaff and 73.58kg of stone powder are uniformly stirred to obtain the finished product.
Application example 1
Selecting 60 weight (650+/-50 kg) cows, wherein the number of the cows is 2-3, the number of lactation days (158+/-26 d), the milk yield (32+/-7 kg/d) and the feed intake (23+/-0.5 kg) are similar, dividing the cows into 3 groups according to the principle, and respectively setting 20 cows in each group into 2 test groups and 1 control group, namely feeding the 2 test groups with the cow premix feed prepared in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2; the control group was fed with the pre-mixed feed for cows prepared in comparative example 1.
Except different premixed feeds, the other basic ration structures are consistent, and conventional daily management is carried out on cows. The total mixed ration formula consists of the following substances in percentage by mass: corn silage 34.63%, alfalfa hay 10.49%, corn meal 22.60%, sheeted corn 1.11%, soybean meal 4.31%, cotton meal 8.48%, beet pulp 6.43%, gunite corn husk 4.49%, molasses 3.38%, fatty acid calcium 0.7%, yeast culture 0.23%, baking soda 0.95%, stone dust 0.86%, calcium bicarbonate 0.34%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, salt 0.14%, urea 0.2%, montmorillonite 0.05%, mold release agent 0.07%, and compound trace mineral element premix 0.34%.
Feeding for three months, the cows eat freely, and the feeding is converted into 80g for each cow per day.
Results and analysis:
after the test period is finished, 3 groups of cow manure samples are respectively collected, each sample is 1kg fresh sample, the sample is air-dried to about 150g, the daily manure discharge amount of the cows is estimated by using an acid insoluble ash method, the copper, manganese and zinc contents in the manure samples are measured by using an ICP-MS method, and the results are shown in a table 1 (wherein, the decrement 1 represents the amount of the cow manure reduction after the cow premix prepared in the embodiment 1 is added relative to the cow premix prepared in the comparative example 1, and the decrement 2 represents the amount of the cow manure reduction after the cow premix prepared in the embodiment 2 is added relative to the cow premix prepared in the comparative example 1).
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on cow faeces component content
As can be seen from Table 1, the daily output of copper, manganese and zinc in cow dung is respectively reduced by 9.79mg/d, 13.08mg/d and 19.25mg/d after the cow premix feed prepared in example 1 is adopted as compared with comparative example 1; after the cow premix feed prepared in the example 2 is adopted, the daily discharge amount of copper, manganese and zinc in cow dung is respectively reduced by 1.18mg/d, 48.71mg/d and 10.85mg/d. Therefore, after the technical scheme provided by the invention is adopted, the absorption of the cows to copper, manganese and zinc is increased, so that the discharge of the cows in the feces is reduced.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The premixed feed for the dairy cows is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass as shown in 1) or 2):
1) 1.29 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated copper, 3.09 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated manganese, 6.81 parts of hydroxy methionine chelated zinc, 0.62 part of copper sulfate, 1.16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.37 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.62 parts of potassium iodide, 0.51 part of sodium selenite, 1.69 parts of selenocysteine, 1.27 parts of cobalt sulfate, 5 parts of rice chaff and 73.58 parts of stone powder;
2) 1.55 parts of hydrolyzed protein copper, 4.63 parts of hydrolyzed protein manganese, 6.81 parts of hydrolyzed protein zinc, 0.62 part of copper sulfate, 1.16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.37 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.62 parts of potassium iodide, 0.51 part of sodium selenite, 1.69 parts of selenocysteine, 1.27 parts of cobalt sulfate, 3.20 parts of rice chaff and 73.58 parts of stone powder.
2. The pre-mixed feed for dairy cows according to claim 1, wherein the mass content of Cu element in the hydroxy methionine chelated copper is 12%;
the mass content of Mn element in the hydroxy methionine chelated manganese is 12%;
the mass content of Zn element in the hydroxyl methionine chelated zinc is 12%.
3. The pre-mixed feed for dairy cows according to claim 1, wherein the mass content of Cu element in the hydrolyzed protein copper is 10%;
the mass content of Mn element in the hydrolyzed protein manganese is 8%;
the mass content of Zn element in the hydrolyzed protein zinc is 12%.
4. Use of the premix feed of cows of any of claims 1 to 3 in one or more of preparing feed, improving the productivity of cows and reducing excessive emission of trace minerals in the faeces of cows.
5. A method for improving the productivity of dairy cows and/or reducing excessive emission of trace minerals in the faeces of dairy cows, comprising the steps of:
a pre-mixed feed for dairy cows according to any of claims 1 to 3, which is added to feed for dairy cows.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the species of dairy cow comprises: holstein cows.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the feed comprises a concentrate supplement or a ration.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the premix feed is added to the concentrate supplement in an amount of 0.7-1% of the total mass of the concentrate supplement;
when the premixed feed is added into daily ration, the addition amount of the premixed feed is 80 g/head/day.
9. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the premix feed is added for a period of lactation in a dairy cow.
10. A dairy cow feed, characterized in that it comprises the pre-mixed dairy cow feed and a basal feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| CN202311291530.1A CN117179162A (en) | 2023-10-08 | 2023-10-08 | Premixed feed for dairy cows and application thereof |
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