CN116559956A

CN116559956A - Submarine seismic wave testing equipment and method

Info

Publication number: CN116559956A
Application number: CN202310492771.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田野; 刘恒祥; 陈波; 王浩; 孟永旭; 许凯凯; 丁晓庆; 范胜华; 纪海亮; 郭根发; 宋亚锋; 顾庙元; 杨靖晖; 荣欣; 许来香; 吴鹏冠
Original assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2023-04-28
Filing date: 2023-04-28
Publication date: 2023-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 2043-04-28
Also published as: CN116559956B

Abstract

The invention relates to submarine seismic wave testing equipment and a submarine seismic wave testing method, wherein the submarine seismic wave testing equipment comprises a base, a detection mechanism, a penetrating mechanism, an excitation mechanism and a control system, wherein the base is placed on a seabed, the detection mechanism comprises a probe rod, a static sounding probe, a data acquisition recorder, a wave speed tester and a plurality of detectors, the detectors are cylindrical and are coaxially arranged in the probe rod, the detectors are respectively arranged at different height positions of the probe rod, the detectors are in communication connection with the wave speed tester, the static sounding probe is coaxially arranged at the bottom end of the probe rod and in communication connection with the data acquisition recorder, and the wave speed tester and the data acquisition recorder are all in communication connection with the control system; the penetrating mechanism is arranged on the base and can penetrate the probe rod into the seabed soil body; the excitation mechanism is fixedly arranged on the base and is in contact with the seabed soil body, and the excitation mechanism can generate shear waves and compression waves in the seabed soil body; the control system is respectively connected with the penetration mechanism and the excitation mechanism in a control way.

Description

Submarine seismic wave testing equipment and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering survey and construction, in particular to submarine seismic wave testing equipment and method.

Background

In the geological survey of water area engineering such as ocean, river, lake, etc., accurately obtain the soil body shear wave speed and the soil body longitudinal wave speed of waters soil layer, calculate the dynamic elasticity modulus, dynamic shear modulus and the dynamic poisson ratio of rock-soil little strain, it is important to confirm and judge place category, soil category etc..

The wave velocity test is suitable for testing the wave velocity of compression waves, shear waves or Rayleigh waves of various rock and soil bodies, and adopts a single-hole method, a cross-hole method or a surface wave method. The single hole test method has two seismic wave excitation modes, one is hole excitation hole receiving and the other is hole excitation hole receiving. The receiving in the orifice excitation hole is to respectively receive shear waves downwards transmitted through a soil layer at different depths in a borehole by generating shear waves on the ground so as to obtain the wave velocity of the shear waves; the compression wave generated on the ground propagates downwards through the soil layer, so that the wave speed of the compression wave is obtained; the in-hole excitation hole receiving is that the distance between the excitation mechanism and the receiving detector is relatively fixed, and the excitation mechanism and the receiving detector synchronously move up and down along the hole wall to obtain the compression wave or shear wave velocity; the excitation mechanism is not limited by the space in the hole, can realize excitation with large energy and various forms, is easy to acquire shear wave waveforms, and improves resolution and identification of shear waves.

When the existing single-hole method is used in a water area, the following defects exist: (1) After drilling holes, when a single-hole seismic wave test is carried out on stratum or broken unstable hole sections with silt, quicksand, loose filling soil and the like, in order to prevent hole collapse and shrinkage, a sleeve or a mud wall protector is adopted before detection, auxiliary measures such as a counterweight and the like are added on the ground, and the test work difficulty is increased or even the test cannot be carried out; (2) When the detector is arranged in the finished drilling hole, the detector is difficult to ensure close contact with the hole wall, the contact is not close when the hole diameter is too large, and the detector is difficult to be put in when the hole diameter is small; (3) When the detected plastic state or compactness of the soil of different strata is greatly changed, flexible adjustment of the distance between detectors and the like is difficult according to the actual conditions of different strata; (4) When testing single-hole seismic waves, particularly when hole sections with more interbedded layers, interlayers and laminated layers exist in soil layers, relatively stable, consistent and stackable waveforms are difficult to obtain by a conventional ground hammering method, and the testing result and the accuracy are affected.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is to provide a submarine seismic wave testing apparatus and method, which can independently or simultaneously complete static sounding test and test acquisition of seismic wave velocity, save drilling construction time and cost, improve operation efficiency, and select appropriate seismic wave detection parameters according to different conditions of stratum, and improve testing accuracy.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a submarine seismic wave testing device, which is used for detecting on a seabed and comprises a base, a detection mechanism, a penetrating mechanism, an excitation mechanism and a control system, wherein the base is placed on the seabed, the detection mechanism comprises a probe rod, a static sounding probe, a data acquisition recorder, a wave velocity tester and a plurality of detectors, the detectors are cylindrical and coaxially arranged in the probe rod, the detectors are respectively arranged at different height positions of the probe rod, the detectors are in communication connection with the wave velocity tester, the static sounding probe is coaxially arranged at the bottom end of the probe rod and in communication connection with the data acquisition recorder, and the wave velocity tester and the data acquisition recorder are all in communication connection with the control system; the penetrating mechanism is arranged on the base and can penetrate the probe rod into the seabed soil, and the detectors are contacted with the hole wall soil when the probe rod penetrates into the seabed soil; the excitation mechanism is fixedly arranged on the base and is in contact with the seabed soil body, and the excitation mechanism can generate shear waves and compression waves in the seabed soil body; the control system is respectively connected with the penetration mechanism and the excitation mechanism in a control way.

Further, the number of the detectors is at least 3.

Further, the diameter of the detector is larger than the diameter of the probe.

Further, the diameter of the upper pickup of the adjacent pickup is larger than the diameter of the lower pickup.

Further, the spacing between adjacent detectors in the vertical direction is 1.0 m-2.0 m.

Further, the excitation mechanism includes the vibration exciter, the vibration exciter includes support, chopping block, trigger lever and vibratory hammer, support fixed mounting is on the base, the chopping block is installed on the support to can be on the horizontal direction and vertical upward rectilinear movement, the chopping block is located seabed soil body surface, the trigger lever is a plurality of, the trigger lever is installed on the chopping block and is inserted into the seabed soil body, vibratory hammer installs on the support, the upside of chopping block is equipped with one and can applys the vibratory hammer of vertical hammering to the chopping block, the opposite both sides of horizontal direction of chopping block are equipped with a vibratory hammer respectively, and two vibratory hammers can applys the hammering along its horizontal rectilinear movement direction to the chopping block.

Further, the vibrating hammer comprises a shell, a hammering head, a hammer body, an elastic triggering structure, a ball clamping mechanism and a telescopic power cylinder, wherein a sealed accommodating cavity is formed in the shell, the hammering head is arranged at a first end of the shell, a part of the hammering head is positioned outside the shell, the hammering head can linearly move relative to the shell, the moving direction of the hammering head is hammering direction, the telescopic power cylinder is fixed at a second end of the shell opposite to the first end, a piston rod of the telescopic power cylinder extends into the accommodating cavity along the hammering direction, the elastic triggering structure and the hammer body are arranged in the accommodating cavity, the hammer body can move along the hammering direction, and when the hammer body is far away from the hammering head, the elastic triggering structure is in an elastic energy storage state, and the hammer body exerts elastic force towards the hammering head; the ball clamping mechanism comprises a positioning rod, a clamping seat, a ball sleeve, a first clamping ball, a second clamping ball and a reset spring, wherein the positioning rod is arranged in an accommodating cavity, the axis of the positioning rod is along the hammering direction, the positioning rod comprises a thick rod section close to a first end and a thin rod section close to a second end, the surfaces of the thick rod section and the thin rod section are smooth and excessive, the ball seat is sleeved on the positioning rod and fixedly connected with a piston rod, the ball seat can move on the thick rod section, a first radial through hole is formed in the ball seat, the first clamping ball is positioned in the first radial through hole, a limiting blocking part is further arranged on the ball seat, the ball sleeve is arranged on the ball seat, the ball sleeve can move along the hammering direction relative to the ball seat and is circumferentially locked, a second radial through hole is formed in the ball sleeve, the reset spring exerts elastic force towards the first end on the ball sleeve to enable the ball sleeve to abut against the limiting blocking part, and the second radial through hole is aligned with the first radial through hole; the clamping seat is fixedly connected to the heavy hammer body, the clamping seat is provided with a clamping part, the clamping part is a clamping inner side end at the end part facing the positioning rod, the ball seat and the ball sleeve can pass through the space between the clamping inner side end and the positioning rod when moving, a first guide inclined plane facing the first end and a second guide inclined plane facing the second end are respectively arranged at two sides of the clamping inner side end, the distances from the clamping inner side end to the thick rod section and the thin rod section along the radial direction of the positioning rod are H1 and H2 respectively, and the diameters of the first clamping ball and the second clamping ball are D1 and D2 respectively, and H1 is less than D1+D2 and less than or equal to H2; the excitation mechanism further comprises a power part for driving the telescopic power cylinder to move in a telescopic mode, and the control system is in control connection with the power part.

Further, the parts of the accommodating cavity of the shell, which are positioned at the two sides of the heavy hammer body, are communicated.

The invention also provides a submarine seismic wave testing method which is carried out by adopting the submarine seismic wave testing equipment and comprises the following steps:

s1, static cone penetration test: the penetrating mechanism drives the probe rod to penetrate into the soil body of the seabed, the static sounding probe performs measurement, and the data acquisition recorder acquires static measurement data and transmits the static measurement data to the control system;

s2, seismic wave test: judging the condition of stratum soil according to the measurement data of the static sounding test, and carrying out seismic wave test according to the condition of the stratum soil through the step S21 or the step S22;

s21, intermittent penetration mode: controlling the penetrating mechanism to pause so that the probe rod stops at the position of the designated hole depth; according to the geological condition of the soil layer, controlling an excitation mechanism to work, generating shear waves or compression waves with certain frequency and amplitude in the seabed soil, selecting the first arrival time points of acquired waves of two detectors, and calculating the wave speed according to the distance between the two detectors;

s22, continuous penetration mode: controlling the penetrating mechanism to continuously work so that the probe rod continuously penetrates; according to the geological condition of the soil layer, the excitation mechanism is controlled to work, shear waves or compression waves with certain frequency and amplitude are generated in the seabed soil, the first arrival time point of the acquired waves of the two detectors is selected, and the wave speed is calculated according to the distance between the two detectors.

Further, when the shear wave velocity test is performed, the step S21 and the step S22 control the excitation mechanism to excite alternately to generate shear waves with opposite phases.

As described above, the submarine seismic wave testing device and method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:

1. the static sounding test system and the submarine seismic wave test are organically combined together, not only can independently and simultaneously complete the static sounding test and the seismic wave test, but also has flexible and convenient test, saves the drilling construction time and the cost, has high efficiency and economy test, tightly adheres the detector 22 with the soil body and reliable test data test,

2. when the seismic wave test is carried out, proper seismic waves and detectors 22 can be selected according to the geological condition of the stratum, so that the pertinence is good, and the test accuracy can be effectively improved.

3. The kinetic energy generated by the vibrating hammer in the vibration exciter 3 is fixed, the generated waveform has good repeatability and waveform additivity; the vibration exciter 3 can obtain two groups of shear wave waveforms with opposite phases, and can better screen through the wave speed tester 24, so that the accuracy of a test result is improved.

4. The method can be used for continuously testing the wave speed of the penetration mode of the stratum with small plastic state or compactness change of the soil, and can also be used for intermittently testing the wave speed of the penetration mode of the stratum with large plastic state or compactness change of the soil, and the two modes are automatically judged through a system without manual intervention.

5. The test result data is automatically generated, and can be read and used by engineering geological investigation software without manually inputting the test result data, so that the test work is digitalized, intelligent and automatic.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the marine seismic testing apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the vibration exciter in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a left side view of fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the oscillating weight in the first state of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the ball-detent mechanism according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of circle a in fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the oscillating weight in the second state of the invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the oscillating weight in state three in the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view showing a structure of the oscillating weight in a fourth state in the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the oscillating weight in state five in the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a B-B cross-sectional view of fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction C-C in fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view showing a structure of the oscillating weight in a sixth state in the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

1. Base seat

2. Detection mechanism

21. Probe rod

22. Wave detector

23. Static cone penetration probe

24. Wave speed tester

25. Data acquisition recorder

3. Vibration exciter

4. Support frame

41. Guide post

42. Sliding rib plate

43. Connecting plate

44. Connecting guide rod

45. Fixed rib plate

46. Flange plate

5. Cutting board

6. Trigger lever

61. Round tube

62. Vertical slat

7. Vibrating hammer

71. Hammering head

711. External striking plate

712. Inner impact head

713. Intermediate lever

72. Outer casing

721. Accommodating cavity

73. Weight body

73a vent

74. Telescopic power cylinder

741. Piston rod

741a avoiding inner hole

75. Ball clip mechanism

751. Positioning rod

751a thick bar section

751b thin pole section

752. Clamping seat

752a clamping part

752b first guide ramp

752c second guide ramp

752d clamping inner side end

753. Ball seat

753a first radial through hole

753b limiting stop part

754. Ball sleeve

754a second radial through hole

755. First clamping ball

756. Second clamping ball

757. Reset spring

758. Guide rod

76. Elastic triggering structure

8. Signal cable

9. Seabed (seabed)

Detailed Description

Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention, which is described by the following specific examples.

It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or adjustments of the sizes, which are otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention which is otherwise, without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Also, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. are used herein for convenience of description, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and the relative changes or modifications are not to be construed as essential to the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 15, the invention provides a submarine seismic wave testing device for detecting on a seabed 9, which comprises a base 1, a detection mechanism 2, a penetrating mechanism (not shown in the drawing), an excitation mechanism and a control system (not shown in the drawing), wherein the base 1 is placed on the seabed 9, the detection mechanism 2 comprises a probe rod 21, a static sounding probe 23, a data acquisition recorder 25, a wave velocity tester 24 and a plurality of detectors 22, the detectors 22 are cylindrical and coaxially arranged in the probe rod 21, the detectors 22 are respectively arranged at different height positions of the probe rod 21, the detectors 22 are in communication connection with the wave velocity tester 24 by adopting a signal cable 8, the static sounding probe 23 is coaxially arranged at the bottom end of the probe rod 21 and in communication connection with the data acquisition recorder 25 by adopting the signal cable 8, and the wave velocity tester 24 and the data acquisition recorder 25 are all in communication connection with the control system; the penetrating mechanism is arranged on the base 1, so that the probe rod 21 can be penetrated into the soil body of the seabed 9, and the detectors 22 are contacted with the soil body of the hole wall when the probe rod 21 is penetrated into the soil body of the seabed 9; the excitation mechanism is fixedly arranged on the base 1 and is in contact with the soil body of the seabed 9, and the excitation mechanism can generate shear waves and compression waves in the soil body of the seabed 9; the control system is respectively connected with the penetrating mechanism and the exciting mechanism in a control way to control the working of the penetrating mechanism and the exciting mechanism.

The basic working principle of the submarine seismic wave testing equipment related by the invention is as follows: the base 1 has a certain weight, is sunk on the sea floor, can be pressed on the sea floor 9 to keep stable when placed on the sea floor 9, and is used as a mounting base of the detection mechanism 2, the penetration mechanism, the excitation mechanism and the like, and the pressure of the base 1 is transmitted to the excitation mechanism so that the excitation mechanism is in close contact with the sea floor 9. The penetrating mechanism is used for penetrating the probe rod 21 into the soil body of the seabed 9, in the drilling process of the probe rod 21, the detector 22 in the middle of the probe rod 21 is in contact with the hole wall formed by the probe rod 21 in the soil, meanwhile, the static sounding probe 23 at the bottom of the probe rod 21 obtains parameters such as side wall friction resistance, cone tip resistance and the like, data measured by the static sounding probe 23 are transmitted to the data acquisition recorder 25 in real time, and are transmitted to the control system for storage, calculation and analysis, and the static sounding test is completed. According to these parameters, the geological parameters of the stratum can be determined, the plastic state or compactness of different stratum soil are different, therefore, the parameters such as the frequency and amplitude of the wave during the earthquake wave test are determined according to the conditions and technical requirements of different stratum, then the vibration excitation mechanism is controlled to work through the control system, earthquake waves with certain frequency and amplitude are generated in the soil body of the seabed 9, the earthquake waves including shear waves (transverse waves) and compression waves (longitudinal waves) are received by each wave detector 22, wherein the wave detectors 22 can measure three components, namely the vertical z-axis direction, the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction of the three-dimensional space coordinate axis, the wave velocity tester 24 is the existing mature instrument, the wave velocity tester 24 comprises wave processing software, the earthquake signals detected by the wave detectors 22 are synchronously received through the signal cable 8, and the wave form first arrival travel time data files are generated after the treatments such as band-pass filtering, time-frequency filtering, first arrival automatic picking and first arrival correcting, and the like, and the wave velocity data files are transmitted and stored on the relevant media. The time points of the acquired waves of the two detectors 22 are selected, and the wave velocity is calculated according to the distance between the two detectors 22, particularly, when the number of the detectors 22 is three or more, the two detectors 22 can be selected according to soil conditions and seismic wave parameters, so that the distance between the two detectors is within a reasonable range, and the wave velocity can be calculated better.

The submarine seismic wave testing equipment can independently or simultaneously complete static sounding test and test acquisition of seismic wave velocity, save drilling construction time and cost, improve operation efficiency, select proper seismic wave detection parameters according to geological conditions of stratum and improve measurement accuracy.

Referring to fig. 1-15, the subsea seismic testing apparatus of the invention is further described in one specific embodiment:

in this embodiment, as a preferred design, at least 3 detectors 22 are used, so that when the plastic state or compactness of the formation earth is greatly changed according to different formation conditions and technical requirements, two suitable detectors 22 can be flexibly selected during wave speed calculation, the distance between the two detectors and the first arrival time difference of the acquired waves are within a suitable range, the calculation accuracy is improved, and the use is flexible. Meanwhile, the seismic wave velocity conditions in different strata can be measured. The distance between adjacent detectors 22 is determined according to the plastic state of the earth formation, the degree of compaction change, or the like, and preferably, the distance between adjacent detectors 22 in the vertical direction is 1.0m to 2.0m.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, as a preferred design, the diameter of the pickup 22 is larger than the diameter of the probe 21, that is, protrudes from the circumference of the probe 21, specifically, the pickup 22 with a diameter larger than 42mm may be used, and the diameter of the pickup 22 located above among the adjacent pickup is larger than the diameter of the pickup 22 located below, so that each pickup 22 is tightly attached to the hole wall, and the seismic waves conducted by the soil body can be effectively received. Preferably, the natural frequencies of the detectors 22 differ by less than 10%, the sensitivities differ by less than 10% and the phase differences by less than 1ms; the insulation resistance of the detector 22 is more than or equal to 10MΩ, and the detector has good waterproof performance and can be stably used on the sea bottom.

In this embodiment, the control system includes a PLC controller, a touch screen, a switch, and other instruments, where the PLC controller is connected to the static cone penetration probe 23 and the detector 22, transmits and exchanges data signals, and controls and drives the start and stop and each work of the penetration mechanism and the excitation mechanism according to a programmed program. The PLC controller also transmits and exchanges data signals with a touch screen, a switch, a computer and the like, and an interactive interface is arranged on the touch screen and the computer, so that some information of the test and the test can be input, such as project name, test hole number, coordinates, detector 22 number, static sounding probe 23 number, seismic wave parameters and the like. The signals of data, faults and the like collected by the static cone penetration probe 23 and the detector 22 are transmitted in real time, displayed and stored on a touch screen and a computer. The control system is arranged above the sea level, and is communicated with the underwater part through a signal cable 8, and data transmission and communication above the sea level can be performed in a wired or wireless mode.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, as a preferred design, the excitation mechanism includes an exciter 3, the exciter 3 includes a bracket 4, a cutting board 5, a trigger lever 6 and a vibration hammer 7, the bracket 4 is fixedly installed on the base 1, the cutting board 5 is installed on the bracket 4 and can move linearly in the horizontal direction and vertically, the cutting board 5 is pressed on the surface of the seabed 9 soil body, the trigger lever 6 is plural, the trigger lever 6 is installed on the cutting board 5 and is inserted into the seabed 9 soil body, the vibration hammer 7 is installed on the bracket 4, the upper side of the cutting board 5 is provided with a vibration hammer 7 capable of applying vertical hammering to the cutting board 5, the vibration hammer 7 on the upper side can apply vertical hammering to the cutting board 5, two opposite sides of the cutting board 5 are respectively provided with a vibration hammer 7, and the two vibration hammers 7 can apply hammering along the horizontal linear movement direction of the cutting board 5.

Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, further, the bracket 4 of the excitation mechanism in the present embodiment includes a guide post 41, a sliding rib 42, a connecting plate 43, a connecting guide rod 44, a fixing rib 45 and a flange 46, and in the present embodiment, for convenience of explanation, a horizontal straight line moving direction of the anvil 5 is taken as a left-right direction, a length direction of the guide post 41 is along the left-right direction, and left and right sides of the anvil 5 are respectively provided with one vibration hammer 7. The three vibrating hammers 7 are respectively and fixedly connected to a fixed rib plate 45 fixed on the guide post 41, a flange 46 is fixedly connected to the fixed rib plate 45, and the flange 46 is connected to the base 1 through bolts. The sliding rib plate 42 is arranged on the guide post 41 through the guide hole on the sliding rib plate, the sliding rib plate 42 can move linearly left and right along the guide post 41, the lower end of the sliding rib plate 42 is connected with the connecting plate 43, the chopping board 5 is arranged below the connecting plate 43, the connecting rods 44 are multiple, the connecting rods 44 vertically penetrate through the guide holes on the connecting plate 43, the lower ends of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the chopping board 5, the chopping board 5 can move linearly up and down relative to the connecting plate 43 through clearance fit between the connecting rods 44 and the guide holes on the connecting plate 43, nuts are screwed at the upper ends of the connecting rods 44 to limit the distance space of the chopping board 5 moving up and down relative to the connecting plate 43, and the chopping board 5 is prevented from being separated from the connecting plate 43. When the left and right sides of the anvil 5 are hammered, they can move straight left and right along the guide column 41 by the connection plate 43 and the slide rib 42. When the upper surface of the anvil 5 is hammered, it can be moved vertically by the connecting guide 44. In the present embodiment, there are two connection plates 43, which are located at the left and right sides of the upper vibration hammer 7, and the connection plates 43 are connected to the anvil 5 through a plurality of connection guide rods 44, so that the mounting stability and the stability of the up-and-down movement of the anvil 5 are ensured. The guide post 41 has a square cross-sectional shape, and can prevent the anvil 5 from swinging in the front-rear direction when moving left and right.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 5, a plurality of trigger rods 6 are fixedly connected below the anvil 5, the trigger rods 6 have a proper length and are inserted into the soil body of the seabed 9 to a proper depth, and when the anvil 5 is hammered to generate left-right vibration, vibration force is transmitted into the soil body through the trigger rods 6, so that the soil body can be driven to vibrate to generate shear waves. Preferably, the trigger bar 6 includes a circular tube 61 and two vertical plates 62 welded on the front and rear sides of the circular tube 61, and the vertical plates 62 can increase the contact area with the soil body and more effectively transfer the vibration force to the soil body.

In this embodiment, parameters such as the material and the size of the cutting board 5, and the arrangement space and the length of the trigger rod 6 are determined according to the conditions such as the hardness and the compactness of the land of the seabed 9, so as to ensure that the soil body effectively vibrates under the action of the vibration exciter 3. Wherein, the chopping board 5 is rectangular and can be made of wood plates, steel plates, nylon plates and the like.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, as a preferred design, the vibratory hammer 7 includes a housing 72, a hammering head 71, a weight body 73, an elastic triggering structure 76, a ball clamping mechanism 75, and a telescopic power cylinder 74, a sealed accommodating cavity 721 is provided in the housing 72 to prevent seawater from entering, and preferably, the housing 72 has a cylindrical structure, and two side ends along the axis are respectively marked as a first end and a second end.

Referring to fig. 6, the hammering head 71 is mounted on an end plate of the first end of the housing 72, and a part of the hammering head 71 is located in the accommodating cavity 721 and a part of the hammering head 71 is located outside the housing 72, and the hammering head 71 can move linearly with respect to the housing 72 and has a hammering direction. Preferably, the hammering head 71 includes an outer hammering plate 711 located outside the housing 72, an inner hammering head 712 located in the receiving cavity 721, and an intermediate rod 713 connecting the outer hammering plate 711 and the inner hammering head 712, the outer hammering plate 711 being adapted to maintain an effective contact area of the outer hammering plate 711 with the anvil 5 when the anvil 5 floats up and down, to ensure a stable hammering effect, the inner hammering head 712 being adapted to bear hammering force from the hammer body 73, the intermediate rod 713 passing through the housing 72 and being in sealing contact with the housing 72 by a sealing ring, the intermediate rod 713 being movable while ensuring tightness in the receiving cavity 721. The axial direction of the intermediate lever 713 is the hammering direction, and is located on the axis of the cylindrical housing 72 in this embodiment, but may be other than on the axis of the housing 72 in other embodiments.

Referring to fig. 6, the telescopic cylinder 74 is fixed to an end plate of a second end of the housing 72 opposite to the first end, and a piston rod 741 thereof extends into the accommodating chamber 721 in the hammering direction, the piston rod 741 being coaxial with the cylindrical housing 72.

Referring to fig. 6, the elastic triggering structure 76 and the weight body 73 are both installed in the accommodating cavity 721, the weight body 73 can move along the hammering direction, and when the weight body 73 is far away from the hammering head 71, the elastic triggering structure 76 is in an elastic energy storage state and exerts an elastic force towards the hammering head 71 on the weight body 73, preferably, in this embodiment, the elastic triggering structure 76 adopts a pressure spring, and is disposed in the accommodating cavity 721 near the second end, and the pressure spring is compressed when the weight body 73 moves towards the second end. The weight 73 is cylindrical, is coaxial with a cylindrical receiving cavity 721 in the housing 72, and is clearance-fitted, and the weight 73 moves in the axial direction. The portions of the accommodating cavity 721 at two sides of the weight body 73 are kept in communication, specifically, referring to fig. 14, a plurality of vent holes 73a penetrating along the axis are formed in the weight body 73, so that the air in the space at two sides of the weight body 73 can smoothly circulate during movement, the weight body 73 can be ensured to freely move, and the kinetic energy loss is reduced.

Referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, ball detent mechanism 75 is used to effect connection and disconnection of piston rod 741 and weight body 73 and includes a positioning rod 751, a detent 752, a ball seat 753, a ball sleeve 754, a first detent 755, a second detent 756 and a return spring 757, the positioning rod 751 is mounted in the receiving cavity 721 with its axis along the hammering direction, and is particularly coaxial with weight body 73 and piston rod 741, the positioning rod 751 includes a thick rod section 751a near the first end and a thin rod section 751b near the second end, and smooth transition between the surfaces of thick rod section 751a and thin rod section 751b is preferably provided in piston rod 741 with a relief bore 741a for insertion of thin rod section 751b to avoid collision interference, and the end of positioning rod 751 toward the first end of housing 72 can be held stationary in connection with hammering head 71. Ball seat 753 is sleeved on locating lever 751 and is fixedly connected with piston rod 741, ball seat 753 can move on thick pole section 751a, be equipped with first radial through-hole 753a in ball seat 753, first clamping ball 755 is arranged in first radial through-hole 753a, still be equipped with spacing retaining part 753b on ball seat 753, ball cover 754 is installed on ball seat 753, and ball cover 754 can move and circumference lock up along hammering direction relative ball seat 753, i.e. ball cover 754 can only rectilinear movement can not rotate circumferentially, be equipped with second radial through-hole 754a in the ball cover 754, second clamping ball 756 is arranged in second radial through-hole 754a, reset spring 757 exerts the elastic force towards first end to ball cover 754 makes ball cover 754 support spacing retaining part 753b, and second radial through-hole 754a is aligned with first radial through-hole 753a, i.e. both hole axes coincide, specifically, reset spring 757 is the pressure spring, set up in the one side of ball cover towards the second end of shell 72, both ends stretch into ball cover 754 respectively, reset spring 754 makes ball cover 754 support spacing retaining part 753b. Ensuring that the second radial through hole 754a is aligned with the first radial through hole 753a in the absence of an external force. The clamping seat 752 is fixedly connected to the heavy hammer 73, the clamping seat 752 is provided with a clamping part 752a, the clamping part 752a is provided with a clamping inner side end 752D at the end facing the positioning rod 751, a proper gap is reserved between the clamping inner side end 752D and the surface of the positioning rod 751, when the ball seat 753 and the ball sleeve 754 move, the ball seat 753 and the ball sleeve 754 can pass through the gap between the clamping inner side end 752D and the positioning rod 751, two sides of the clamping inner side end 752D are respectively provided with a first guide inclined surface 752b facing the first end and a second guide inclined surface 752c facing the second end, the distance from the clamping inner side end 752D to the thick rod section 751a and the thin rod section 751b along the radial direction of the positioning rod 751 is H1 and H2, the diameters of the first clamping ball 755 and the second clamping ball 756 are D1 and D2, and H1 is less than D1+D2 is less than or equal to H2; in this embodiment, the radius of the outer opening of the first radial through hole 753a toward the inner wall of the housing 72 is smaller than the radius of the first snap ball 755, and the first snap ball 755 can protrude a part of the first radial through hole 753a without completely separating out. Both the first clamp ball 755 and the second clamp ball 756 are preferably steel balls.

The excitation mechanism further comprises a power part for driving the telescopic power cylinder 74 to perform telescopic motion, the control system is in control connection with the power part, in the embodiment, the telescopic power cylinder 74 adopts an oil cylinder, the power part provides hydraulic oil for the oil cylinder at the moment, the underwater work is convenient, the power part comprises a pump station, a hydraulic electromagnetic reversing valve, a pipeline and other structures, and the power part is arranged on the base 1. Of course, the telescopic power cylinder 74 may be a cylinder, and the power section supplies compressed gas to the cylinder.

The operating principle of the vibratory hammer 7 in the present embodiment is as follows: in the absence of a hammering action, i.e., in the initial state, referring to fig. 6, the telescopic cylinder 74 is in a contracted state, the ball seat 753 is close to the second end along with the piston rod 741, the first radial through hole 753a and the second radial through hole 754a are aligned under the action of the return spring 757, and the first catching ball 755 and the second catching ball 756 are positioned on the same straight line, and at this time, the first catching ball 755 is positioned at the thin rod section 751b of the positioning rod 751. When the hammering operation is required, the piston rod 741 of the telescopic power cylinder 74 extends to drive the ball seat 753 and the ball sleeve 754 to move toward the first end, the ball seat 753 reaches the rough bar section 751a, the first clamping ball 755 is located on the surface of the rough bar section 751a, and the second clamping ball 756 extends out of the outer peripheral surface of the ball sleeve 754 and contacts the second guiding inclined surface 752c because the sum d1+d2 of the diameters of the first clamping ball 755 and the second clamping ball 756 is larger than the radial distance H1 from the clamping inner end 752D to the surface of the rough bar section 751a, as shown in fig. 9. Then, the piston rod 741 is further extended, and as the clamping seat 752 moves along with the weight 73 towards the first end, the second guiding inclined surface 752c applies pressure to the second clamping ball 756, and the component force of the pressure along the axis towards the second end drives the ball sleeve 754 to move towards the second end against the pressure of the return spring 757, so that the second clamping ball 756 and the first clamping ball 755 are staggered, and the second clamping ball 756 is retracted into the second radial through hole 754a, so that the ball seat 753 and the ball sleeve 754 can span the clamping inner end 752d of the clamping portion 752a and enter the side of the first guiding inclined surface 752b, as shown in fig. 10; then, under the return spring 757, the ball sleeve 754 is returned to the position abutting against the limiting portion, the second clamping ball 756 returns to the position of being collinear with the first clamping ball 755, protrudes out of the second radial through hole 754a and abuts against the first guiding inclined surface 752b, see the state shown in fig. 12, and at this time, the piston rod 741 is connected to the weight body 73 by the ball clamping mechanism 75. Then, the piston rod 741 of the telescopic cylinder 74 is contracted to drive the ball seat 753 and the ball sleeve 754 to move toward the second end, the second clamping ball 756 acts on the first guiding inclined surface 752b and is restrained by the first clamping ball 755 not to retract inward, so that a pushing force is applied to the first guiding inclined surface 752b to drive the clamping seat 752 and the weight body 73 to move linearly toward the second end, the elastic triggering structure 76 (the compression spring) is compressed to store energy until the first clamping ball 755 is located at the surface of the washing rod section, since the sum d1+d2 of the diameters of the first clamping ball 755 and the second clamping ball 756 is smaller than or equal to the radial distance H2 from the clamping inner end 752D to the thin rod section 751b, the second clamping ball 756 will move along the first guiding inclined surface 752b toward the positioning bar 751, the second clamping ball 756 and the first clamping ball 755 retract inward, the first clamping ball 755 contacts the surface of the thin bar segment 751b, the second clamping ball 756 is separated from the first guiding inclined surface 752b, see the state shown in fig. 15, the clamping seat 752 is no longer pressed by the first clamping ball 755, at this time, the elastic triggering structure 76 stores enough elastic energy, the elastic force thereof will push the clamping seat 752 and the weight 73 to move toward the first end rapidly, the weight 73 hits the hammering head 71, so that the hammering head 71 moves outward, the hammering is achieved, and the state returns to the initial state after one hammering action is completed, see the state shown in fig. 6. The vibrating hammer 7 in this embodiment can work well in seawater, is not affected by seawater, and the force of hammering each time is sufficient and stable, so that hammering actions can be automatically controlled.

Referring to fig. 6, 12 and 13, in the oscillating weight 7 of the present embodiment, the ball seat 753 and the ball sleeve 754 are matched with a plurality of guide rods 758, the guide rods 758 are fixedly connected to the piston rod 741 and parallel to the piston rod 741, the ball seat 753 and the ball sleeve 754 are sleeved on the guide rods 758 through the guide through holes therein, the ball sleeve 754 can linearly move relative to the ball seat 753 through the guide rods 758, and the guide rods 758 limit the ball sleeve 754 from rotating relative to the ball seat 753 circumferentially, so as to ensure that the first radial through holes 753a and the second radial through holes 754a are not staggered circumferentially.

Referring to fig. 12 and 13, in the oscillating weight 7 of the present embodiment, the first radial through hole 753a of the ball seat 753 and the second radial through hole 754a of the ball sleeve 754 are three, and the first clamping ball 755 and the second clamping ball 756 are also three, and two by two, to form three groups, which are respectively disposed in the first radial through hole 753a and the second radial through hole 754a, and can better drive the clamping seat 752 and the weight 73 to move through the three second clamping balls 756.

In the vibration exciter 3 of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the hammering directions of the vibration hammers 7 located at the left and right sides of the anvil 5 are along the left and right directions, and the hammering directions of the vibration hammers 7 located at the upper side of the anvil 5 are along the vertical directions. The distance between the hammering heads 71 of the 3 vibratory hammers 7 and the anvil 5 is appropriate. Because the vibrating hammers 7 on the left side and the right side are identical in structure, the same kinetic energy of hammering each time can be guaranteed, the generated waveform is good in repeatability, when shear wave measurement is carried out, the chopping board 5 is alternately hammered through the vibrating hammers 7 on the left side and the right side, the time interval of hammering each time is the same, two groups of shear wave waveforms with opposite phases can be obtained, other waves can be mixed when the shear wave is generated, screening can be carried out better through the wave velocity tester 24 through the two groups of shear wave waveforms with opposite phases, calculation is ensured to be carried out by directly adopting the shear wave, and the accuracy of a test result is improved.

The invention also provides a submarine seismic wave testing method, which is carried out by adopting the submarine seismic wave testing equipment and comprises the following steps:

s1, static cone penetration test: the penetrating mechanism drives the probe rod 21 to penetrate into the soil body of the seabed 9, the static sounding probe 23 performs measurement, and the data acquisition recorder 25 acquires static sounding test measurement data and transmits the data to the control system. Wherein the static penetration probe 23 preferably penetrates the formation at a rate of 2 cm/s.

S2, seismic wave test: according to the static force measurement data, judging the condition of soil layer, including the plastic state or compactness, strength and other geological conditions of the soil layer, and according to the condition of the soil layer, performing seismic wave test through the step S21 or the step S22:

s21, intermittent penetration mode: controlling the penetrating mechanism to stop, and enabling the probe rod 21 to be suspended at a designated hole depth position; according to the soil layer condition, the excitation mechanism is controlled to work, shear waves or compression waves with certain frequency and amplitude are generated in the soil body of the seabed 9, the first arrival time point of the waves acquired by the two detectors 22 is selected, and the wave speed is calculated according to the distance between the two detectors 22. As the soil body of the seabed 9 increases along with the depth, aiming at soil layers with different plastic states or compactness, in order to improve the resolution of complex stratum wave velocity test, particularly when the plastic state or compactness of the soil layer is greatly changed, the accuracy of a test result is ensured, and the intermittent penetration mode is adopted for carrying out seismic wave test. When the mode is adopted for working, after the primary seismic wave test work is finished, the static sounding test is continued, the static sounding probe starts to continuously penetrate, then the seismic wave test is carried out, and the static sounding test and the seismic wave test are alternately carried out until the design hole depth or the end standard is reached.

S22, continuous penetration mode: the penetrating mechanism is controlled to continuously work, so that the probe rod 21 continuously penetrates; according to the soil condition of the soil layer, the excitation mechanism is controlled to work, shear waves or compression waves with certain frequency and amplitude are generated in the soil body of the seabed 9, the time point of acquiring the waves by the two detectors 22 is selected, and the wave speed is calculated according to the distance between the two detectors 22. The mode is used for testing the condition of simple and single stratum, and the work is simple and efficient.

Aiming at different stratum conditions and technical requirements, particularly when the state or compactness of stratum soil is greatly changed, the position of the detector 22 and the frequency amplitude of earthquake waves can influence the detection effect, so that two detectors 22 with proper intervals are selected pertinently according to the soil layer condition, and an excitation mechanism is controlled to generate proper earthquake waves, and the accuracy of earthquake wave test can be effectively improved.

In the above steps S21 and S22, the test of the seismic waves includes the test of the shear wave and the compression wave, and when the test of the shear wave is performed, the excitation mechanism is controlled to excite the shear waves with the same frequency and opposite phases alternately, specifically, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the oscillating weight 7 on the horizontal left and right sides of the anvil 5 is controlled to hammer the anvil 5 alternately, and the time intervals of each hammering are the same, so as to obtain two sets of shear wave waveforms with opposite phases, which can be better screened by the wave velocity tester 24, ensure that the calculation is performed directly by using the shear wave, and improve the accuracy of the test result. When the compression wave test is carried out, the vibration hammer 7 on the upper side of the control chopping board 5 is provided with a hammering chopping board 5 with a certain frequency, and compression waves are generated.

The submarine seismic wave testing method can control the automatic operation of the whole work through a control system by designing a corresponding control program, the judging conditions of the intermittent penetration mode and the continuous penetration mode are set in the control system, the control system automatically judges whether to enter the intermittent penetration mode or the continuous penetration mode according to the transmitted static sounding test measurement data, so that the penetration mechanism continuously works or pauses working, and the excitation mechanism is controlled to generate seismic waves with corresponding parameters. The calculation of the relevant wave velocities for the seismic wave test is also performed automatically in the control system.

In the invention, the relevant wave velocity parameters of the seismic wave test are calculated as follows:

(1) Shear wave velocity calculation formula:

wherein: v (V) _s Is shear wave (transverse wave) wave velocity (km/s); sn is the distance (m) between the two detectors 22; t (T) _x1 And T _x2 The two detectors 22 pick up the first arrival time (ms) of the shear wave (transverse wave) waveform, respectively.

(2) The wave velocity calculation formula of the longitudinal wave:

wherein:V _p is a compression wave (longitudinal wave) wave velocity (km/s); s is S _n Is the distance (m) between the two detectors 22;

T _Z1 and T _Z2 The compression wave (longitudinal wave) waveform first arrival time (ms) is picked up for the two detectors 22, respectively.

(3) Poisson's ratio mu _d The calculation formula is as follows:

wherein: v (V) _p For compression wave (longitudinal wave) wave velocity (km/s), V _s Is shear wave (transverse wave) wave velocity (km/s).

(3) Dynamic shear modulus G _d The calculation formula is as follows:

wherein: v (V) _s Is the shear wave (transverse wave) wave velocity (km/s) of the rock-soil mass, ρ is the density (kg/m 3) of the rock-soil mass, G _d Is the shear modulus (MPa).

(5) Modulus of elasticity E _d The calculation formula is as follows:

wherein: e (E) _d Modulus of elasticity (MPa); v (V) _p Is a compression wave (longitudinal wave) wave velocity (km/s); v (V) _s Is shear wave (transverse wave) wave velocity (km/s); ρ is the density of the rock-soil mass (kg/m 3); mu is poisson's ratio.

(6) The calculation formula of the variable modulus Td of the moving body:

wherein: vp is the compressional wave (compressional wave) velocity (km/s), vs is the shear wave (shear wave) velocity (km/s); td is the dynamic body variable modulus (MPa), and ρ is the rock-soil mass density (kg/m 3).

In the static sounding test and the earthquake wave test, the detection mechanism 2 records and stores the data of each test in real time in a single-pass file, the name of the single-pass file automatically increases the serial number along with the increase of the test depth, after the full-hole test is finished, the single-pass file is processed by software to generate a full-hole static sounding test result file and an earthquake wave test result file, and the full-hole static sounding test result file and the earthquake wave test result file can be read by engineering geological investigation software and automatically drawn in a test hole histogram and a geological section. In the present invention, the penetrating mechanism may adopt a conventional suitable structure, and the probe 21 may be penetrated into the soil, and preferably, the probe 21 may be moved to a different position and then the penetrating operation may be performed.

The submarine seismic wave testing equipment and method have the following beneficial effects:

1. the static sounding test system and the submarine seismic wave test are organically combined together, so that the static sounding test and the seismic wave test can be independently and simultaneously completed, the test is flexible and convenient, the drilling construction time and the cost can be saved, the test is efficient and economical, the detector 22 is tightly attached to the soil body, and the test data test is reliable.

2. When the seismic wave test is carried out, proper seismic waves and detectors 22 can be selected according to stratum conditions, so that the pertinence is good, and the test accuracy can be effectively improved.

4. The method can be used for continuously performing the penetration mode wave speed test on the stratum with small state or compactness change, and also can be used for performing the intermittent penetration mode wave speed test on the stratum with large state or compactness change, and the two modes are automatically distinguished through a system without manual intervention.

In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utility value.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A submarine seismic testing apparatus for detection on the seabed (9), characterized in that: the device comprises a base (1), a detection mechanism (2), a penetrating mechanism, an excitation mechanism and a control system, wherein the base (1) is placed on a seabed (9), the detection mechanism (2) comprises a probe rod (21), a static cone probe (23), a data acquisition recorder (25), a wave speed tester (24) and a plurality of detectors (22), the detectors (22) are cylindrical and coaxially arranged in the probe rod (21), the detectors (22) are respectively arranged at different height positions of the probe rod (21), the detectors (22) are in communication connection with the wave speed tester (24), the static cone probe (23) is coaxially arranged at the bottom end of the probe rod (21) and in communication connection with the data acquisition recorder (25), and the wave speed tester (24) and the data acquisition recorder (25) are all in communication connection with the control system; the penetrating mechanism is arranged on the base (1) and can penetrate the probe rod (21) into the soil body of the seabed (9), and the detectors (22) are contacted with the soil body of the hole wall when the probe rod (21) penetrates into the soil body of the seabed (9); the excitation mechanism is fixedly arranged on the base (1) and is in contact with the soil body of the seabed (9), and the excitation mechanism can generate shear waves and compression waves in the soil body of the seabed (9); the control system is respectively connected with the penetration mechanism and the excitation mechanism in a control way.

2. The seafloor seismic testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the number of the detectors (22) is at least 3.

3. The seafloor seismic testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the detector (22) is larger than that of the probe rod (21).

4. The seafloor seismic testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the upper detector (22) of the adjacent detectors (22) is larger than the diameter of the lower detector (22).

5. The seafloor seismic testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the distance between adjacent detectors (22) in the vertical direction is 1.0 m-2.0 m.

6. The seafloor seismic testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the utility model provides a vibration excitation mechanism includes vibration exciter (3), vibration exciter (3) include support (4), chopping block (5), trigger lever (6) and vibratory hammer (7), support (4) fixed mounting is on base (1), chopping block (5) are installed on support (4) to can be in horizontal direction and vertical upward rectilinear movement, chopping block (5) are located seabed (9) soil body surface, trigger lever (6) are a plurality of, trigger lever (6) are installed on chopping block (5) and are inserted into seabed (9) soil body, vibratory hammer (7) are installed on support (4), the upside of chopping block (5) is equipped with vibratory hammer (7) that can apply vertical hammering to chopping block (5), the both sides that the horizontal direction of chopping block (5) is relative are equipped with vibratory hammer (7) respectively, and two vibratory hammer (7) can apply along its horizontal rectilinear movement direction to chopping block (5).

7. The seafloor seismic testing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the vibrating hammer (7) comprises a shell (72), a hammering head (71), a weight body (73), an elastic triggering structure (76), a ball clamping mechanism (75) and a telescopic power cylinder (74), wherein a sealed accommodating cavity (721) is formed in the shell (72), the hammering head (71) is arranged at a first end of the shell (72), a part of the hammering head is located outside the shell (72), the hammering head (71) can move linearly relative to the shell (72) and the moving direction of the hammering head is hammering direction, the telescopic power cylinder (74) is fixed at a second end, opposite to the first end, of the shell (72), a piston rod (741) of the telescopic power cylinder extends into the accommodating cavity (721) along the hammering direction, the elastic triggering structure (76) and the weight body (73) are both arranged in the accommodating cavity (721), the weight body (73) can move along the hammering direction, and when the weight body (73) is far away from the hammering head (71), the elastic triggering structure (76) can be in an elastic energy storage state and the elastic force is applied to the hammering head (71); the ball clamping mechanism (75) comprises a positioning rod (751), a clamping seat (752), a ball seat (753), a ball sleeve (754), a first clamping ball (755), a second clamping ball (756) and a reset spring (757), wherein the positioning rod (751) is arranged in a containing cavity (721) and the axis of the positioning rod is along the hammering direction, the positioning rod (751) comprises a thick rod section (751 a) close to a first end and a thin rod section (751 b) close to a second end, the surfaces of the thick rod section (751 a) and the thin rod section (751 b) are smoothly excessive, the ball seat (753) is sleeved on the positioning rod (751) and fixedly connected with a piston rod (741), the ball seat (753) can move on the thick rod section (751 a), a first radial through hole (753 a) is arranged in the ball seat (753), a limit stop part (753 b) is further arranged on the ball seat (753), the ball sleeve (753) can be arranged in the ball sleeve (754) along the radial direction, the ball sleeve (754) can be relatively locked in the ball sleeve (754) along the radial direction, the reset spring (757) applies an elastic force towards the first end to the ball sleeve (754) to enable the ball sleeve (754) to abut against the limit stop part (753 b), and the second radial through hole (754 a) is overlapped with the axis of the first radial through hole (753 a); the clamping seat (752) is fixedly connected to the heavy weight body (73), a clamping part (752 a) is arranged on the clamping seat (752), the end part of the clamping part (752 a) facing the positioning rod (751) is a clamping inner side end (752D), the ball seat (753) and the ball sleeve (754) can pass through the space between the clamping inner side end (752D) and the positioning rod (751) when moving, a first guide inclined surface (752 b) facing the first end and a second guide inclined surface (752 c) facing the second end are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamping inner side end (752D), the distances from the clamping inner side end (752D) to the thick rod section (751 a) and the thin rod section (751 b) along the radial direction of the positioning rod (751) are H1 and H2 respectively, and the diameters of the first clamping ball (755) and the second clamping ball (756) are D1 and D2 respectively, and H1 is less than or equal to D1+D2H2H 2; the excitation mechanism further comprises a power part for driving the telescopic power cylinder (74) to perform telescopic movement, and the control system is in control connection with the power part.

8. The seafloor seismic testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the accommodating cavity (721) of the shell (72) is communicated with the parts positioned at the two sides of the weight body (73).

9. A submarine seismic wave testing method is characterized in that: use of a subsea seismic testing apparatus according to any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:

s1, static cone penetration test: the penetrating mechanism drives the probe rod (21) to penetrate into the soil body of the seabed (9), the static sounding probe (23) performs measurement, and the data acquisition recorder (25) acquires the measurement data of the static sounding test and transmits the measurement data to the control system;

s21, intermittent penetration mode: controlling the penetration mechanism to be suspended, and stopping the probe rod (21) at a designated hole depth position; according to the condition of stratum soil, controlling an excitation mechanism to work, generating shear waves or compression waves with certain frequency and amplitude in a soil layer of a seabed (9), selecting a first arrival time point of waves acquired by two detectors (22), and calculating wave speed according to the distance between the two detectors (22);

S22, continuous penetration mode: the penetrating mechanism is controlled to continuously work, the probe rod (21) is enabled to continuously penetrate, the excitation mechanism is controlled to work according to the condition of stratum soil, shear waves or compression waves with certain frequency and amplitude are generated in the stratum of the seabed (9), the first arrival time point of the waves obtained by the two detectors (22) is selected, and the wave speed is calculated according to the distance between the two detectors (22).

10. The method of seafloor seismic testing of claim 9, wherein: and when the shear wave speed test is carried out, the step S21 and the step S22 control the excitation mechanism to excite and alternately generate shear waves with opposite phases.