CN116237522A - Aluminum-based composite material with multilayer structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based composite material with multilayer structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
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- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention belongs to advanced nonferrous metal materials, and relates to an aluminum-based composite material with a multilayer structure and a preparation method thereof. Mixing aluminum powder and TiB with a powder mixer 2 Mixing the particles for at least 10 hours to obtain mixed powder, and ball-milling the mixed powder to obtain mixed fine powder; stacking aluminum plates and the mixed fine powder in a mold, so that at least two aluminum plates and at least one mixed fine powder layer are formed in the mold, and the lowest layer and the uppermost layer in the mold are both aluminum plates; carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering treatment on layered materials in the stacked die to obtain the composite material; the mode of stacking the mixed fine powder layers is as follows: a spreading screen is adopted to control the mixed fine powder to be spread on the surface of the aluminum plate; the pore diameter of the flat screen is slightly larger than the particle diameter of the mixed fine powder;the sintering temperature of the vacuum hot-press sintering treatment is slightly less than the melting temperature of aluminum. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantage of short flow, and the prepared multi-layer structure aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of stable interface combination, excellent performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to advanced nonferrous metal materials, and relates to an aluminum-based composite material with a multilayer structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by adding Al into an aluminum matrix 2 O 3 、SiC、B 4 C. TiC and TiB 2 The isostatically hardened ceramic particles can significantly increase the strength of the material, but generally also cause a decrease in plasticity. The inventors have devised to adopt a multilayer structure to solve the problem of plastic degradation.
The conventional preparation method of the multi-layer metal structure comprises rolling lamination, hot extrusion bonding, friction welding bonding, hot forging bonding and the like. However, the above-mentioned preparation methods are mostly carried out by stacking a plurality of layers of metal structures on the premise of taking a metal plate material or a metal foil as a raw material, and the research on preparing the plurality of layers of metal structures from metal powder raw materials is very limited. The inventor researches and knows that the current method for preparing the multilayer metal structure from the metal powder raw materials comprises the following steps: 1. and spraying hard ceramic particles serving as a reinforcing phase on the surface of the metal plate, and sequentially stacking the sprayed metal plate, the toughened metal foil and the metal plate which is not sprayed and rolling and combining the sprayed metal plate and the toughened metal foil. However, the inventors found that the disadvantage of this method is that the sprayed hard particles adhere only to the surface layer of the metal plate, do not mix uniformly with the inside of the metal plate, and the particle reinforcing effect is limited. 2. Sintering the metal powder to prepare a blank, stacking, and then carrying out hot pressing or cold rolling and annealing treatment. However, this method employs a metal powder metallurgy process and a sheet stacking process step by step resulting in a longer process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the aluminum-based composite material with the multilayer structure and the preparation method thereof, the preparation method has the advantage of short flow, and the prepared aluminum-based composite material with the multilayer structure has the advantages of stable interface combination, excellent performance and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material with a multilayer structure comprises the steps of mixing aluminum powder and TiB by a powder mixer 2 Mixing the particles for at least 10 hours to obtain mixed powder, and ball-milling the mixed powder to obtain mixed fine powder; stacking aluminum plates and the mixed fine powder in a mold, so that at least two aluminum plates and at least one mixed fine powder layer are formed in the mold, and the lowest layer and the uppermost layer in the mold are both aluminum plates; carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering treatment on layered materials in the stacked die to obtain the composite material;
the mode of stacking the mixed fine powder layers is as follows: a spreading screen is adopted to control the mixed fine powder to be spread on the surface of the aluminum plate; the pore diameter of the sieve mesh of the flat screen is slightly larger than the particle size of the mixed fine powder;
the sintering temperature of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering treatment is slightly lower than the melting temperature of aluminum.
The invention adopts the method of mixing aluminum powder and TiB 2 The mixed powder after the particles are mixed is directly paved between the prepared aluminum layers, and then the aluminum-based composite material is obtained through one-step vacuum hot-pressing sintering, the aluminum-based composite material is used as a hard layer, pure aluminum is used as an alternate stack of soft layers to form a multi-layer structure, and the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum-based composite material are simultaneously improved through the interface combination between the hard layers and the soft layers.
TiB 2 The degree of dispersion of the particles in the "hard" layer and the microtopography of the interface bonding are all factors affecting the performance of the multi-layer structured aluminum matrix composite. However, it was found that, first, aluminum powder and TiB were mixed 2 The particles are mixed and then are paved, so that the particles are difficult to pave and smooth, and a large gap is formed between the fine powder layer and the aluminum plate due to the fact that the particles cannot be paved and smooth, and the large gap is difficult to remove through the flowability of the powder, so that a well-combined interface is difficult to obtain; second, metal powderIs generally mixed in only one way, in particular ball milling, while the aluminium powder and TiB 2 After the particles are mixed by ball milling, the particles are difficult to uniformly distribute in the formed multi-layer structure aluminum-based composite material, and the aggregation and adhesion problems exist; the problems can influence the performance of the aluminum-based composite material with a multilayer structure obtained by adopting the one-step vacuum hot-pressing sintering of the prefilled mixed powder.
Firstly, the invention adopts a mixer to mix aluminum powder and TiB 2 The particles are mixed for at least 10 hours, so that the aluminum powder and TiB can be ensured 2 The particles are uniformly dispersed, the performance of a hard layer is improved, and impurities can be prevented from being introduced in other mixing modes (such as stirring and the like), so that the performance of the aluminum-based composite material with the multilayer structure is prevented from being influenced by the introduction of the impurities. Secondly, the mixed fine powder with set weight is paved on the surface of the aluminum plate by adopting a paving screen, wherein the pore diameter of the paving screen is slightly larger than the particle diameter of the mixed fine powder, so that the time of the mixed fine powder passing through the screen can be controlled, the mixed fine powder is ensured to slowly fall on the surface of the aluminum plate, and the flatness of a mixed fine powder layer falling on the surface of the aluminum plate is controlled; if the pore diameter of the screen mesh of the flat screen is far larger than the particle diameter of the mixed fine powder, the mixed fine powder can be caused to rapidly fall on the surface of the aluminum plate through the screen mesh, so that a plurality of concave-convex shapes are easily formed on the paved mixed fine powder layer, and the flatness of the mixed fine powder layer is difficult to ensure; according to the invention, the mixed fine powder is controlled to be paved on the surface of the aluminum plate by adopting a paving screen, so that the flatness of the mixed fine powder layer is ensured to ensure that the layers of the hard layer and the soft layer are uniform, meanwhile, a certain roughness exists between the aluminum plate and the aluminum powder before the aluminum plate, so that mechanical interlocking is promoted, the aluminum powder has good fluidity, can diffuse and fill fine pores at an interface, can infiltrate and bond the interface, can ensure that the interface between the layers is well bonded and kept straight, the bonding strength of the interface can be improved, and the debonding of the interface caused by defects is effectively avoided; the layered material needs additional pulling-out work, friction work and other destructive work under certain external stress condition, i.e. the strength of the layered material is improved. Thereby ensuring the improvement of the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum-based composite material.
In addition, the sintering temperature of the vacuum hot-press sintering treatment is determined according to the melting point of the matrix, and cannot be higher than the melting point of the matrix, otherwise, the grains of the matrix are damaged, so that the matrix performance is damaged, and the temperature is too low, so that good bonding between layers is difficult to ensure. No micropores, cracks or other defects are observed on the interface after the vacuum hot-pressed sintering. Further ensuring the improvement of the performance of the aluminum-based composite material with the multilayer structure.
In another aspect, an aluminum-based composite material of a multilayer structure is obtained by the above-described preparation method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention utilizes aluminum plate, pure aluminum powder and TiB 2 The particles are used as raw materials, aluminum powder and TiB are mixed 2 Mixing and ball milling the particles, uniformly spreading the particles on an aluminum plate in a die, alternately stacking the particles and the aluminum plate, and then performing vacuum hot-pressing sintering to form the layered Al/Al-TiB 2 A composite material. The invention has the advantages of short flow, stable interface combination, excellent performance and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing an aluminum-based composite material having a multi-layer structure in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows the Al/Al-TiB of the 5-layer structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention 2 Is a cross-sectional view of (2);
FIG. 3 is a 3-layer structure of Al/Al-TiB prepared in example 2 of the present invention 2 Is a cross-sectional view of (2);
FIG. 4 shows the Al/Al-TiB layer structure of the 5-layer structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention 2 SEM images of (a);
FIG. 5 is a 3-layer structure of Al/Al-TiB prepared in example 2 of the present invention 2 SEM images of (a);
FIG. 6 shows the Al/Al-TiB prepared in examples 1-2 of the present invention 2 Al-TiB prepared in comparative example 1 2 Is a bending property graph of (a).
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In view of the problems of poor performance, long working procedure and the like existing in the existing preparation of the multi-layer structure composite material by adopting metal powder, the invention provides an aluminum-based composite material with a multi-layer structure and a preparation method thereof.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material with a multilayer structure is provided, wherein aluminum powder and TiB are mixed by a powder mixer 2 Mixing the particles for at least 10 hours to obtain mixed powder, and ball-milling the mixed powder to obtain mixed fine powder; stacking aluminum plates and the mixed fine powder in a mold, so that at least two aluminum plates and at least one mixed fine powder layer are formed in the mold, and the lowest layer and the uppermost layer in the mold are both aluminum plates; carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering treatment on layered materials in the stacked die to obtain the composite material;
the mode of stacking the mixed fine powder layers is as follows: a spreading screen is adopted to control the mixed fine powder to be spread on the surface of the aluminum plate; the pore diameter of the sieve mesh of the flat screen is slightly larger than the particle size of the mixed fine powder;
the sintering temperature of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering treatment is slightly lower than the melting temperature of aluminum.
The mesh aperture of the flat screen is slightly larger than the particle size of the mixed fine powder, and the mesh size of the flat screen is slightly larger than the mesh size of the mixed fine powder by one step according to the conventional screen grade compared with the mesh size of the flat screen, for example, the mesh size of the mixed fine powder is 200 meshes, and the mesh size of the flat screen is 150 meshes.
The sintering temperature of the vacuum hot-pressed sintering treatment is slightly less than the melting temperature of aluminum, which means that the temperature is 550-650 ℃.
The aluminum plate is a pure aluminum plate.
Controlling the thickness of the "hard" layer is another challenge of this method because the thickness of the mixed fine powder layer may change after vacuum hot press sintering, and in some embodiments, a tiling screen is used to control the tiling of a set weight of mixed fine powder onto the surface of the aluminum plate. Since the density of the mixed fine powder layer after the vacuum hot press sintering is known and it is performed in the mold, the volume after the vacuum hot press sintering is determined, and thus the thickness of the mixed fine powder layer in the finally formed multi-layered structure can be also determined by controlling the weight of the tiled mixed fine powder.
The purpose of the powder mixture is to mix aluminum powder and TiB 2 The particles are uniformly mixed, and when the powder is mixed for at least 10 hours, the aluminum powder and TiB can be basically ensured 2 The particles are mixed uniformly. The longer the mixing time, the better the mixing effect, and the mixing effect remains unchanged after the mixing of the powder for a certain time. In some embodiments, the mixing time is at least 12 hours. Can ensure aluminum powder and TiB 2 The particles are mixed uniformly. Preferably 12 to 18 hours. If the mixing time is too long, the time cost and the economic cost are increased.
In some embodiments, tiB 2 The particles are aluminum powder and TiB 2 The total mass of the particles is 1.0 to 30.0%, more preferably 10.0 to 20.0%.
The aluminum powder is highly reactive, and in order to avoid safety problems during the ball milling process, the ball milling is performed under an inert atmosphere or vacuum, and in some embodiments, under vacuum.
In some embodiments, the mesh size of the particle size in the mixed fine powder is 100-200 mesh.
In some embodiments, temperature programming is used in the vacuum hot pressed sintering process. The heating rate is 2-20 ℃/min, preferably 5-15 ℃/min.
In some embodiments, in the vacuum hot press sintering process, the temperature is raised to 90-110 ℃ to dry, and then the temperature is raised to the set temperature to sinter. The set temperature is the sintering temperature in the vacuum hot-pressing sintering treatment. The set temperature is 550 to 650 ℃, preferably 590 to 610 ℃. Heating to 90-110 deg.c and drying for 20-40 min. Heating to prepare the material until the sintering time is 2-4 h.
In some embodiments, in the vacuum hot pressed sintering process, when the room temperature is raised to the set temperature, the pressure applied is 4-6 MPa; in the sintering process under the set temperature condition, the applied pressure is 30-35 MPa.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an aluminum-based composite material of a multi-layered structure, obtained by the above-described production method.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Aluminum-based composite material of 5-layer structure (Al/Al-TiB 2 ) As shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) The 1060 aluminum plate is cut into a plurality of thin slices with the diameter of 55mm and the thickness of 1mm by adopting linear cutting.
(2) Immersing the sheet obtained in the step (1) into 10% hydrofluoric acid solution with volume fraction for pickling for 10 seconds to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum plate, taking out and flushing with absolute ethyl alcohol.
(3) Immersing the sheet cleaned in the step (2) in 10% sodium hydroxide solution for alkaline leaching for 10 seconds to neutralize residual hydrofluoric acid, taking out and flushing with absolute ethyl alcohol.
(4) Immersing the aluminum plate washed in the step (3) in absolute ethyl alcohol solution, ultrasonically cleaning for 10 minutes, taking out, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and immersing in closed absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
(5) 406.5g aluminum powder and 93.5g TiB were weighed out 2 The total of 500g of the particles was mixed and canned, and mixed on a powder mixer for 12 hours.
(6) And (3) filling the mixed powder after uniform mixing into a ball milling tank, putting stainless steel balls with the particle sizes of 5mm, 8mm and 10mm into the ball milling tank, and ensuring that the mass ratio of the stainless steel balls to the mixed powder is 5.
(7) And (3) carrying out vacuumizing treatment on the ball milling tank configured in the step (6), and placing the ball milling tank on a planetary ball mill to carry out ball milling for 3 hours in an alternating rotation mode of rotating for 30 minutes in the forward direction and rotating for 30 minutes in the reverse direction.
(8) And (3) respectively passing the powder after ball milling in the step (7) through a 100-mesh screen and a 200-mesh screen to separate stainless steel balls and mixed powder.
(9) And (3) taking out the metal aluminum plate in the step (4) from absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, and placing the metal aluminum plate in a graphite die with the inner diameter of 55mm to obtain the layer 1 of the layered composite material.
(10) And (3) weighing 7.2g of mixed fine powder, uniformly spreading the mixed fine powder on the 1 st layer of aluminum plate in the step (9) to obtain the 2 nd layer of the layered composite material. The thickness of the fine powder after being paved is about 1mm, and the mass of the weighed fine powder is composed of aluminum powder and TiB 2 The mass ratio of the particles was 18.7% and their respective densities were calculated. The tiling process is as follows: the mixed fine powder was placed on a 150 mesh screen, and the mixed fine powder was slowly spread on an aluminum plate through the 150 mesh screen.
(11) And (3) continuously paving a 1mm thick aluminum plate as a layer 3 on the basis of the step (10). And (3) repeating the step (10) to finish the 4 th layer of the composite material, and finally paving a 1mm thick aluminum plate as the 5 th layer, wherein the total thickness is 5mm.
(12) And (3) placing the graphite mold stacked in the step (11) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for sintering treatment. Wherein, the temperature-raising program is to raise the temperature of the sintering furnace chamber to 100 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30 minutes to dry the powder; the temperature of the sintering furnace chamber was then raised to 600 c at a rate of 10 c/min and maintained for 2 hours. When the room temperature is raised to 600 ℃, the applied pressure is 5MPa; when the temperature is kept at 600 ℃ for 2 hours, the applied pressure is 30MPa. Closing the temperature raising program after sintering, leaving the sample in the sintering furnace for furnace-following cooling, and taking out the sample after the temperature is reduced to be lower than 100 ℃ to obtain the Al/Al-TiB with a 5-layer structure 2 And is designated LC-5.
Example 2
Of 3-layer constructionAluminum matrix composites (Al/Al-TiB) 2 ) As shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) The 1060 aluminum plate was wire cut to form a plurality of thin sheets of 55mm diameter and 1.5mm thickness.
(2) Immersing the sheet obtained in the step (1) into 10% hydrofluoric acid solution with volume fraction for pickling for 10 seconds to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum plate, taking out and flushing with absolute ethyl alcohol.
(3) Immersing the sheet cleaned in the step (2) in 10% sodium hydroxide solution for alkaline leaching for 10 seconds to neutralize residual hydrofluoric acid, taking out and flushing with absolute ethyl alcohol.
(4) Immersing the aluminum plate washed in the step (3) in absolute ethyl alcohol solution, ultrasonically cleaning for 10 minutes, taking out, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and immersing in closed absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
(5) 406.5g aluminum powder and 93.5g TiB were weighed out 2 The total of 500g of the particles was mixed and canned, and mixed on a powder mixer for 12 hours.
(6) And (3) filling the mixed powder after uniform mixing into a ball milling tank, putting stainless steel balls with the particle sizes of 5mm, 8mm and 10mm into the ball milling tank, and ensuring that the mass ratio of the stainless steel balls to the mixed powder is 5.
(7) And (3) carrying out vacuumizing treatment on the ball milling tank configured in the step (6), and placing the ball milling tank on a planetary ball mill to carry out ball milling for 3 hours in an alternating rotation mode of rotating for 30 minutes in the forward direction and rotating for 30 minutes in the reverse direction.
(8) And (3) respectively passing the powder after ball milling in the step (7) through a 100-mesh screen and a 200-mesh screen to separate stainless steel balls and mixed fine powder.
(9) And (3) taking out the metal aluminum plate in the step (4) from absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, and placing the metal aluminum plate in a graphite die with the inner diameter of 55mm to obtain the layer 1 of the layered composite material.
(10) Weighing 14.4g of mixed fine powder, and uniformly spreading the mixed fine powder on the 1 st layer aluminum plate in the step (9) to form a 2 nd layer of the layered composite material. The thickness of the paved powder is about 2mm, and the mass of the weighed fine powder is composed of aluminum powder and TiB 2 The mass ratio of the particles was 18.7% and their respective densities were calculated. The tiling process is as follows: mixing the fine powderPlacing the mixture on a 150-mesh screen, and slowly spreading the mixed fine powder on an aluminum plate through the 150-mesh screen.
(11) And (3) continuously paving an aluminum plate with the thickness of 1.5mm as a 3 rd layer on the basis of the step (10), wherein the total thickness of the laminated composite material is 5mm.
(12) And (3) placing the graphite mold stacked in the step (11) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for sintering treatment. Wherein, the temperature-raising program is to raise the temperature of the sintering furnace chamber to 100 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30min to dry the powder; the temperature of the sintering furnace chamber was then raised to 600 c at a rate of 10 c/min and maintained for 2 hours. When the room temperature is raised to 600 ℃, the applied pressure is 5MPa; when the temperature is kept at 600 ℃ for 2 hours, the applied pressure is 30MPa. Closing the temperature raising program after sintering, leaving the sample in the sintering furnace for furnace-following cooling, cooling to below 100 ℃, and taking out the sample to obtain the Al/Al-TiB with 3-layer structure 2 And is designated LC-3.
Comparative example 1
(1) 406.5g aluminum powder and 93.5g TiB were weighed out 2 The total of 500g of the particles was mixed and canned, and mixed on a powder mixer for 12 hours.
(2) And (3) filling the mixed powder after uniform mixing into a ball milling tank, putting stainless steel balls with the particle sizes of 5mm, 8mm and 10mm into the ball milling tank, and ensuring that the mass ratio of the stainless steel balls to the mixed powder is 5.
(3) And (3) carrying out vacuumizing treatment on the ball milling tank configured in the step (2), and placing the ball milling tank on a planetary ball mill to carry out ball milling for 3 hours in an alternating rotation mode of rotating for 30 minutes in the forward direction and rotating for 30 minutes in the reverse direction.
(4) And (3) respectively passing the powder after ball milling in the step (3) through a 100-mesh screen and a 200-mesh screen to separate stainless steel balls and mixed fine powder.
(5) 36.0g of the mixed fine powder is weighed and evenly spread in a graphite die with the inner diameter of 55mm to be used as the 1 st layer of the layered composite material. The thickness of the paved powder is about 5mm, and the mass of the weighed fine powder is composed of aluminum powder and TiB 2 The mass ratio of the particles was 18.7% and their respective densities were calculated. The tiling process is as follows: the mixed fine powder is placed on a 150-mesh screen, and the mixed fine powder is slowly paved in a graphite mold through the 150-mesh screen.
(6) And (5) placing the graphite mold stacked in the step (5) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for sintering treatment. Wherein, the temperature-raising program is to raise the temperature of the sintering furnace chamber to 100 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30min to dry the powder; the temperature of the sintering furnace chamber was then raised to 600 c at a rate of 10 c/min and maintained for 2 hours. When the room temperature is raised to 600 ℃, the applied pressure is 5MPa; when the temperature is kept at 600 ℃ for 2 hours, the applied pressure is 30MPa. Closing the temperature raising program after sintering, leaving the sample in the sintering furnace for furnace-following cooling, and taking out the sample after the temperature is reduced to be lower than 100 ℃ to obtain the Al-TiB with a 1-layer structure 2 And is designated LC-1.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, each layer in the multilayer structure has a uniform thickness, and Al/Al-TiB 2 The interface is straight. TiB is clearly seen in FIG. 4 2 The particles are uniformly distributed in the Al matrix, without aggregation and blocking, and with few micropores. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that the aluminum plate and the Al-TiB 2 The layer bonds well and no micropores, cracks or other defects are observed at the interface.
In FIG. 6, the bending strengths of LC-3, LC-5 and LC-1 were 110.0MPa, 94.2MPa and 91.3MPa from high to low, respectively, and the plasticity and strength of LC-5 and LC-3 were improved as compared with single-layer LC-1.
As can be seen from a combination of FIGS. 5 and 6, no micro-holes, cracks or other defects were observed at the interface, and the overall flexural strength was improved, indicating that the interface bonding between LC-5 and LC-3 was stable.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material with a multilayer structure is characterized in that aluminum powder and TiB are mixed by a powder mixer 2 Mixing the particles for at least 10 hours to obtain mixed powder, and ball-milling the mixed powder to obtain mixed fine powder; stacking aluminum plates in a moldAnd the mixed fine powder is used for forming at least two layers of aluminum plates and at least one mixed fine powder layer in the die, and the lowest layer and the uppermost layer in the die are both aluminum plates; carrying out vacuum hot-pressing sintering treatment on layered materials in the stacked die to obtain the composite material;
the mode of stacking the mixed fine powder layers is as follows: a spreading screen is adopted to control the mixed fine powder to be spread on the surface of the aluminum plate; the pore diameter of the sieve mesh of the flat screen is slightly larger than the particle size of the mixed fine powder;
the sintering temperature of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering treatment is slightly lower than the melting temperature of aluminum.
2. The method for producing a multi-layered aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the mixed fine powder of a set weight is tiled on the surface of the aluminum sheet by a tiling screen.
3. The method of producing a multi-layered aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the powder mixing time is at least 12 hours; preferably 12 to 18 hours.
4. The method of producing a multi-layered aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein TiB 2 The particles are aluminum powder and TiB 2 The total mass of the particles is 1.0 to 30.0%, preferably 10.0 to 20.0%.
5. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material having a multilayer structure according to claim 1, wherein the ball milling is performed under vacuum.
6. The method for producing a multi-layered aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mesh size of the mixed fine powder is 100 to 200 mesh.
7. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material having a multilayer structure according to claim 1, wherein a temperature programming is used in the vacuum hot-press sintering process; the heating rate is 2-20 ℃/min, preferably 5-15 ℃/min.
8. The method for producing a multi-layered aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum hot press sintering process is performed by heating to 90 to 110 ℃ to dry, and then heating to a predetermined temperature to sinter.
9. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material having a multilayer structure according to claim 1, wherein the pressure applied in the vacuum hot-pressed sintering process is 4 to 6MPa when the room temperature is raised to a set temperature; in the sintering process under the set temperature condition, the applied pressure is 30-35 MPa.
10. An aluminum-based composite material of a multilayer structure, characterized by being obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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