CN116231286A - Double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array - Google Patents
Double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN116231286A CN116231286A CN202310359863.7A CN202310359863A CN116231286A CN 116231286 A CN116231286 A CN 116231286A CN 202310359863 A CN202310359863 A CN 202310359863A CN 116231286 A CN116231286 A CN 116231286A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to an antenna technology, in particular to a double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array, which comprises an upper layer stacked dielectric resonator antenna and a lower layer printed circuit board, wherein the stacked dielectric resonator antenna forms a linear array, and each array element comprises a first dielectric block and a second dielectric block which is overlapped with the first dielectric block and is positioned below the first dielectric block; the printed circuit board provides a substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure below each array element, and connects each array element through an equal power division parallel microstrip feed network; the invention solves the problem of narrower working bandwidth of the traditional millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna array, realizes the design of the antenna array with wide impedance matching bandwidth in the millimeter wave frequency band, has high gain characteristic, and is suitable for the application scene of high-speed mobile communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an antenna technology, in particular to a double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array.
Background
With respect to the demand of modern society for high-speed wireless communication, the millimeter wave band will play a more important role in fifth generation (5G) mobile communication. Because millimeter-wave communication links suffer from large propagation path loss, the path loss is compensated for by a high gain beam. Compared with the traditional microstrip antenna, the bandwidth of the dielectric resonator antenna is remarkably increased, and the radiation efficiency is higher, so that the millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna array is one of important research directions in the current antenna and radio frequency field.
However, the prior art still has defects, such as low antenna gain, narrow bandwidth, high antenna loss and low gain caused by single slot feeding of a single dielectric resonator.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of narrower working bandwidth of the traditional millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna array, the invention provides a double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array, which comprises an upper layer stacked dielectric resonator antenna and a lower layer printed circuit board, wherein the stacked dielectric resonator antenna forms a linear array, and each array element comprises a first dielectric block and a second dielectric block which is overlapped with the first dielectric block and is positioned below the first dielectric block; the printed circuit board provides a substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure below each array element, and connects each array element through an equal power division parallel microstrip feed network.
Further, the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric block is between 9.5 and 10.2, and the relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric block is between 5.8 and 6.5.
Further, the first dielectric block is of a hexagonal structure, the second dielectric block is of an H-shaped structure, symmetry axes of the first dielectric block and the second dielectric block are located on the same plane, the first dielectric block and the second dielectric block are perpendicular to the plane, the widths of the first dielectric block and the second dielectric block are equal, and the width is the shortest diagonal line of the hexagon.
Further, the quality factor of the antenna is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the first dielectric block and the second dielectric block.
Further, the impedance matching bandwidth of the antenna is adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the longest diagonal to the shortest diagonal in the first dielectric block.
Furthermore, the substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure performs electromagnetic coupling feed on the array element through two parallel rectangular slots, wherein the parallel rectangular slots are slot structures printed in a metal layer on the substrate.
Furthermore, the lengths and the widths of the two parallel rectangular gaps are equal, the distance between the two parallel rectangular gaps is 0.2 time of the working wavelength, and the longitudinal directions of the two parallel rectangular gaps are perpendicular to the electromagnetic energy propagation direction in the substrate integrated waveguide.
Further, the base mode and the high-order mode resonance points of the dielectric resonator antenna with the stacked structure are changed by changing the length and the width of two parallel rectangular slots.
Further, the equal power division parallel microstrip feed network provides an output port for each substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure, each output port is connected with the substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure through an impedance matching microstrip line, the tail end of the equal power division parallel microstrip feed network is connected with the metal layer through a gradual change structure, the gradual change structure is divided into two sections, the first section is a trapezoid microstrip line, the upper bottom is connected with a 50 ohm microstrip line at the tail end of the feed network, the width of the upper bottom is the same as that of the 50 ohm microstrip line at the tail end of the feed network, the second section is a rectangular microstrip line, the rectangular microstrip line is equal in width with the lower bottom of the first section, and the rectangular microstrip line is connected with the metal layer.
Furthermore, a group of metal holes are formed in the substrate for each array element, and each group of metal holes starts from the joint of the microstrip feed network which is equally divided in parallel and the metal layer, and forms a U-shaped structure along square surrounding.
The invention solves the problem of narrower working bandwidth of the traditional millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna array, realizes the design of the antenna array with wide impedance matching bandwidth in the millimeter wave frequency band, has high gain characteristic, and is suitable for the application scene of high-speed mobile communication; the antenna array of the invention adopts double-slot feed and stacking technology, has the characteristics of wide frequency band and high gain, works at 23.84GH-27.62GHz, and is suitable for the 26GHz frequency band in the frequency band of the Chinese 5G communication system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a stacked dielectric resonator antenna in a dual slot fed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a cross section of a stacked dielectric resonator antenna in a dual slot fed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulated and measured S parameters of a dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of simulated versus measured frequency gain for a dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional pattern of a dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of the present invention at different frequencies; wherein the graph (a 1) is a 24.7GHz electric plane (E plane) direction graph, the graph (a 2) is a 24.7GHz magnetic plane (H plane) direction graph, the graph (b 1) is a 25.42GHz E plane direction graph, the graph (b 2) is a 25.42GHz H plane direction graph, the graph (c 1) is a 26.3GHz E plane direction graph, and the graph (c 2) is a 26.3GHz H plane direction graph.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array, which comprises an upper layer stacked dielectric resonator antenna and a lower layer printed circuit board, wherein the stacked dielectric resonator antenna forms a linear array, and each array element comprises a first dielectric block and a second dielectric block which is overlapped with the first dielectric block and is positioned below the first dielectric block; the printed circuit board provides a substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure below each array element, and connects each array element through a1 equal power division parallel microstrip feed network.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a dual slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array is a millimeter wave antenna array composed of a substrate integrated waveguide feed network, a stacked dielectric resonator antenna and two rectangular slots, and the antenna system is composed of an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is a stacked dielectric resonator antenna, and the lower layer is a square printed circuit board, wherein the antenna system is composed of:
the upper layer stacked structure dielectric resonator antenna array consists of 4 groups of dielectric resonator antenna elements, wherein the 4 groups of dielectric resonator antenna elements form a linear array, and the distance between the array elements is 0.7 time of the working wavelength; each group of dielectric resonator antenna array elements consists of 1 first dielectric block A with high dielectric constant and 1 second dielectric block B with low dielectric constant; the first dielectric block A with high dielectric constant and the second dielectric block B with low dielectric constant are stacked, and the first dielectric block A with high dielectric constant is arranged right above the second dielectric block B with low dielectric constant; the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric block A with high dielectric constant should be in the range of 9.5-10.2, and the relative dielectric constant of the second dielectric block B with low dielectric constant should be in the range of 5.8-6.5;
the lower square printed circuit board consists of 4 substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structures and 1 equipower division parallel microstrip feed network, wherein:
each substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure carries out electromagnetic coupling feed on each group of dielectric resonator antenna array elements through two parallel rectangular slots, the lengths and the widths of the two rectangular slots are equal, the distance between the two rectangular slots is 0.2 times of working wavelength, the longitudinal directions of the two rectangular slots are perpendicular to the electromagnetic energy propagation direction in the substrate integrated waveguide, and the two rectangular slots can excite a combined fundamental mode and a high-order mode in the stacked dielectric resonator antenna array elements, so that broadband impedance matching is obtained;
the 4 output ports of the equal power division parallel microstrip feed network are respectively connected with the 4 substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structures through impedance matching microstrip lines, and the 1 input ports of the equal power division parallel microstrip feed network are connected to the transmitter through radio frequency cables.
The two parallel rectangular slots of the substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure can change the basic mode and the high-order mode resonance point of the dielectric resonator antenna of the stacked structure by changing the relative positions of the two rectangular slots and the length and width of the rectangular slots, so as to optimize the bandwidth and the gain of the antenna.
And 4 groups of dielectric resonator antenna elements with stacked structures, wherein each group consists of 1 first dielectric block A with high dielectric constant and 1 second dielectric block B with low dielectric constant, the first dielectric block A is hexagonal, and the second dielectric block B is H-shaped. The quality factor of the antenna can be adjusted by changing the heights of the first dielectric block A and the second dielectric block B, and the impedance matching bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the longest diagonal line to the shortest diagonal line of the first dielectric block A. Preferably, the longest diagonal of the first dielectric block a is longer than the long side of the second dielectric block B, the shortest diagonal of the first dielectric block a is equal to the width of the second dielectric block B, and the longest diagonal of the first dielectric block a is perpendicular to the shortest diagonal.
The upper metal layer part of the printed circuit board (namely the substrate in fig. 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate are printed with metal layers, the upper metal etched pattern is shown in fig. 1, the upper metal etched pattern comprises a metal layer covering a linear array, a substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure is arranged on the metal layer, an equal power division parallel microstrip feed network is also arranged, the equal power division parallel microstrip feed network is shown in fig. 1, two array elements are connected in parallel, and finally the array elements of the whole array are converged into one path), the stacked dielectric resonator antennas are required to form the linear array to be completely covered, and the centers of the first dielectric block, the second dielectric block and the substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure on the metal layer on the printed circuit board are on the same central axis.
Example 2
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna includes an upper layer dielectric resonator antenna and a lower layer square printed circuit board, and fig. 2 and 3 are top view and side view of the dielectric resonator antenna of the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the dielectric resonator antenna with the upper layer stacked structure is divided into a first dielectric block a with a dielectric constant of 9.8, a second dielectric block B with a dielectric constant of 6.5, the first dielectric block a is hexagonal, the length of the long diagonal line is 11.3mm, the length of the short diagonal line is 5.66mm, the lengths of two parallel sides are 5.66mm, and the height is 1.2mm, and the first dielectric block a is stacked above the second dielectric block B; the second medium block B is H-shaped, the length of the long side is 9mm, the short side is divided into three parts, the width is 1.8mm, 2mmm and 1.8mm respectively, the concave depth of the middle part of the short side is 2.5mm, and the height is 2.3mm.
The upper surface of the lower square printed circuit board is provided with a microstrip feed network with equal power division parallel connection, a gradual change structure at the tail end of the microstrip feed network with equal power division parallel connection is connected with a metal layer, 4 groups of gaps are etched on the metal layer, each group of gaps is formed by two identical parallel rectangular gaps, the length of each parallel rectangular gap is 3mm, the width of each parallel rectangular gap is 0.2mm, the distance between the two gaps is 2.4mm, the gradual change structure at the tail end of the microstrip feed network with equal power division parallel connection is divided into two sections, the first section is trapezoid, the upper bottom is connected with a 50 ohm microstrip line at the tail end of the feed network, the width of each gradual change structure is identical, the width of each gradual change structure is 0.75mm, the lower bottom is connected with a second section of rectangular microstrip line, the width of each gradual change structure is identical, the lengths of the parallel rectangular gaps are all 1.5mm, and the heights of trapezoid parts are 7.5mm.
The lower square printed circuit board is provided with 4 groups of metal through holes at the tail end, the diameter of the metal through holes is 0.4mm, the periodic distance is 0.6mm, and the height is 0.254mm. Each group of metal through holes starts from the joint of the microstrip feed network and the metal layer, which are connected in parallel with equal power division, and surrounds along a square shape.
In the embodiment, when materials are selected for a first dielectric block and a second dielectric block in the upper layer stack structure, the first dielectric block A is made of ceramic materials, and the second dielectric block B is made of 'Rogowski 6006' materials; the lower square printed circuit board is made of F4BK225 and can be replaced by Rogowski 5880, wherein the thickness of the square printed circuit board is 0.254mm, and the side length is 31.0mm multiplied by 40.0mm.
In this embodiment, the upper layer 4 sets of stacked dielectric resonators are used as antenna radiators, the upper surface of the lower layer square printed circuit board is provided with microstrip feed networks with equally-divided parallel connection, and a gradual change structure at the tail end of the microstrip feed networks with equally-divided parallel connection is connected with the metal layer and plays a role in impedance transformation. The metal layer is used as a floor, 4 groups of gaps are etched on the floor, and each group of gaps comprises 2 identical parallel rectangular gaps. And 4 groups of metal through holes are formed at the tail end of the lower square printed circuit board, and each group of metal through holes starts from the joint of the microstrip feed network which is equally divided and connected in parallel and the metal layer, and surrounds along the square shape to form the substrate integrated waveguide feed network.
The parallel rectangular feed gap of the embodiment is connected with the dielectric resonator in an electromagnetic coupling way to excite TE fundamental mode and high-order mode TE inside the dielectric resonator with the stacked structure 3δ1 。
The broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array based on the substrate integrated waveguide and the double-slot feed works at 23.84GH-27.62GHz, and detailed data are shown in figure 4; in the operating band, the peak gain of the antenna is 15.7dBic, and the detailed data is shown in fig. 5; the peak gain in the maximum radiation directions at 24.7GHz, 25.42GHz and 26.3GHz all exceeded 15dBic, see figure 6 for details.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array is characterized by comprising an upper layer stacked dielectric resonator antenna and a lower layer printed circuit board, wherein the stacked dielectric resonator antenna forms a linear array, and each array element comprises a first dielectric block and a second dielectric block which is overlapped with the first dielectric block and is positioned below the first dielectric block; the printed circuit board provides a substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure below each array element, and connects each array element through an equal power division parallel microstrip feed network.
2. The dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of claim 1, wherein the relative permittivity of the first dielectric block is between 9.5-10.2 and the relative permittivity of the second dielectric block is between 5.8-6.5.
3. A dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the first dielectric block is of hexagonal configuration and the second dielectric block is of H-configuration, the axes of symmetry of the first and second dielectric blocks lie in the same plane and the first and second dielectric blocks are perpendicular to the plane, the widths of the first and second dielectric blocks being equal and the width being the shortest diagonal of the hexagon.
4. A dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array as claimed in claim 3, wherein the quality factor of the antenna is tuned by tuning the thickness of the first dielectric block and the second dielectric block.
5. A dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array as claimed in claim 3, wherein the impedance matching bandwidth of the antenna is adjusted by adjusting the ratio between the longest diagonal and the shortest diagonal in the first dielectric block.
6. The dual slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of claim 1, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure electromagnetically couples and feeds the array elements through two parallel rectangular slots, the parallel rectangular slots being slot structures printed in a metal layer on the substrate.
7. The dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of claim 6, wherein the two parallel rectangular slots are equal in length and width and are spaced apart by 0.2 times the operating wavelength, and wherein the longitudinal direction of the two parallel rectangular slots is perpendicular to the electromagnetic energy propagation direction in the substrate integrated waveguide.
8. The dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of claim 6, wherein the stacked structure dielectric resonator antenna fundamental mode and higher order mode resonance points are changed by changing the length and width of two parallel rectangular slots.
9. The dual slot fed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of claim 6, wherein the equal power division parallel microstrip feed network provides an output port for each substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure, each output port is connected with the substrate integrated waveguide slot feed structure through an impedance matching microstrip line, the end of the equal power division parallel microstrip feed network is connected with the metal layer through a gradual change structure, the gradual change structure is divided into two sections, the first section is a trapezoid microstrip line, the upper bottom is connected with a 50 ohm microstrip line at the end of the feed network, the upper bottom is the same as the width of the 50 ohm microstrip line at the end of the feed network, the second section is a rectangular microstrip line, the rectangular microstrip line is equal in width with the lower bottom of the first section, and the rectangular microstrip line is connected with the metal layer.
10. The dual slot fed wideband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array of claim 9, wherein a set of metal holes is provided for each array element on the substrate, each set of metal holes forming a U-shaped structure along a square circle starting from the connection of the equally divided parallel microstrip feed network and the metal layer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310359863.7A CN116231286A (en) | 2023-04-06 | 2023-04-06 | Double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array |
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| CN202310359863.7A CN116231286A (en) | 2023-04-06 | 2023-04-06 | Double-slot feed broadband stacked dielectric resonator antenna array |
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