CN115805092B - G-C3N4Preparation method of Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst and product - Google Patents

G-C3N4Preparation method of Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst and product Download PDF

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CN115805092B
CN115805092B CN202211459090.1A CN202211459090A CN115805092B CN 115805092 B CN115805092 B CN 115805092B CN 202211459090 A CN202211459090 A CN 202211459090A CN 115805092 B CN115805092 B CN 115805092B
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agcl
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composite photocatalyst
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CN115805092A (en
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程雅慧
靳昊坤
刘晖
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Nankai University
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Abstract

A preparation method of a g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst and a product thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) Ag was grown on C 3N4 by photo-reduction to obtain g-C 3N4/Ag: 2) Depositing AgCl/Ag on the g-C 3N4/Ag obtained in the step 1) by adopting a chemical precipitation method to obtain a g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl composite photocatalyst, and 3) depositing ZnO on the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl obtained in the step 2) by adopting an adsorption method to obtain the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst.

Description

Preparation method and product of g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a composite photocatalyst containing carbon and nitrogen compounds, halogen, silver and zinc oxide.
Background
The benzaldehyde is used as important industrial aromatic aldehyde, the annual demand is very large, but the traditional benzaldehyde production mode has the defects of high energy consumption, heavy pollution and the like, and the photocatalysis technology based on the semiconductor catalyst provides a brand new solution to the benzaldehyde production problem. g-C 3N4 is a planar two-dimensional lamellar structure substance similar to graphene, two basic units are respectively formed by infinitely extending triazine rings and 3-s-triazine rings as basic structural units, and two-dimensional nano-sheets are combined by Van der Waals force, so that the planar two-dimensional lamellar structure substance has the advantages of regular structure, simple and easily available preparation means, strong physical and chemical stability and convenient regulation and control of photocatalytic performance. However, g-C 3N4 has the problems of large forbidden bandwidth (2.73 eV), serious in-vivo photon-generated carrier recombination, short service life, small specific surface area and the like. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of different photocatalytic reactions, the g-C 3N4 needs to be optimally modified to improve the catalytic effect of the g-C 3N4 on the reactions, the existing g-C 3N4 modified photocatalyst has lower reaction conversion rate when the benzyl alcohol is subjected to photocatalytic oxidation to form benzaldehyde, and how to modify the g-C 3N4 -based composite photocatalyst to improve the efficiency of the photocatalytic oxidation reaction is a problem to be solved in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, a heterojunction structure and a preparation process of a g-C 3N4 -based composite photocatalyst are improved, a preparation method of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst is developed, the composite photocatalyst obtained by the method is optimized in carrier separation efficiency and interface structures among different components, the relative position of a g-C 3N4 energy band and a target reaction oxidation-reduction potential is improved, the carrier transmission and separation capacity of the g-C 3N4 is improved, and finally high selectivity and conversion rate of a reaction of photocatalytic oxidation benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde are realized.
Based on the above, in order to solve the foregoing problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:
A preparation method of a g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst, which comprises the following steps:
1) Ag was grown on C 3N4 by photo-reduction to obtain g-C 3N4/Ag: adding deionized water into g-C 3N4 and silver nitrate with a molar ratio of 2-6.5, so that the mass volume ratio of g-C 3N4 to deionized water is 6-10 g/L, and obtaining a suspension I; and (3) placing the suspension I under an ultraviolet lamp with the energy density of more than or equal to 50 mW/cm 2 and the wavelength of less than or equal to 420 and nm, and stirring for 20-60 min to obtain the suspension II containing g-C 3N4/Ag.
2) Depositing AgCl on the g-C 3N4/Ag obtained in the step 1) by adopting a chemical precipitation method to obtain the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl composite photocatalyst, which specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1 Weighing ammonia water with the weight percentage content of 25% -28% and adding silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide with the mole ratio of 1.5-2 into the suspension II obtained in the step 1) to obtain a suspension III, wherein the mass volume ratio of the silver nitrate to the ammonia water is 80-90 g/L, and the mass volume ratio of the silver nitrate to the suspension II is 6.8-8.6 g/L;
2.2 Weighing anhydrous stannous chloride, adding the anhydrous stannous chloride into the suspension III obtained in the step 2.1), wherein the mass volume ratio of the anhydrous stannous chloride to the suspension III is 4.0 g/L-4.8 g/L, stirring the mixture at the stirring temperature of 0-30 ℃ for 25-60 min, and depositing AgCl/Ag on g-C 3N4/Ag to obtain a suspension IV containing g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl.
3) Depositing ZnO on the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl obtained in the step 2) by adopting an adsorption method to obtain the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst: weighing ZnO and adding the ZnO into the suspension IV to obtain a suspension V, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the ZnO to the suspension IV is 0.25 g/L-3.5 g/L; stirring the suspension V at the temperature of 0-65 ℃ for 5-7 h to obtain a suspension VI; filtering, drying and grinding the suspension VI to obtain the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst.
The preparation method of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst further comprises the steps that the thickness of the g-C 3N4 is 10 nm-150 nm, and ZnO is spherical and has a diameter of 100 nm-800 nm.
In the preparation method of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst, in the further step 1), the molar ratio of the g-C 3N4 to the silver nitrate is 2-2.5, and the mass volume ratio of the g-C 3N4 to the deionized water is 8-10 g/L.
In the preparation method of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst, in the step 2.1), the mass-volume ratio of the silver nitrate to the suspension II is 7.5 g/L-8.6 g/L.
In the preparation method of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst, in the further step 2.2), the mass volume ratio of the anhydrous stannous chloride to the suspension III is 4.4 g/L-4.6 g/L.
In the preparation method of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst, in the further step 3), the mass-volume ratio of ZnO to suspension IV is in the range of 0.3 g/L-1 g/L, and the stirring temperature of the suspension V is in the range of 0-10 ℃; further, the mass volume ratio of the ZnO to the suspension IV is in the range of 0.8 g/L-1 g/L.
The invention also provides a g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst obtained by any one of the preparation methods.
The preparation method of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst provided by the invention optimizes the interface structure of the composite photocatalyst by the preferred preparation method, and increases the service life of carriers by constructing multiple heterojunctions, so that the energy band position of C 3N4 is finally improved, the carrier separation capacity is improved, and the catalytic performance is optimized. Provides a brand new scheme for clean, safe and green production of benzaldehyde.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of g-C 3N4 used in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst in example 1-1;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst in example 1-1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The relative molecular mass of each component in the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst is shown in the following table
Example 1
1) The method for growing Ag on the g-C 3N4 by using a photo-reduction method to obtain g-C 3N4/Ag comprises the following steps: 0.3gg-C 3N4 (3.2573 mmol molecular weight 92.1) and AgNO 3 are added into 30 mL deionized water to obtain suspension I, and the suspension I is irradiated under the ultraviolet light with the light intensity of 100 mW/cm 2 and the wavelength of 420 nm and stirred for 30 min to obtain suspension II.
2) The g-C 3N4/AgCl/Ag is obtained by a chemical precipitation method by using the suspension I prepared in the step 1):
2.1 Weighing AgNO 3 and NaOH, fixing the molar ratio of AgNO 3 to NaOH to be 1.85, adding the AgNO 3 and the NaOH into the suspension II obtained in the step 1) together with 3ml of 28 wt% ammonia water, and stirring for 10min to obtain a suspension III;
2.1 Adding SnCl 2 into the suspension III, and stirring at room temperature (20-25 ℃) for 30min to obtain a suspension IV.
3) Preparing a g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst by using the suspension IV obtained in the step 2) by an adsorption method: znO was weighed and added to the suspension IV, and stirred at 5℃for 6 hours to obtain a suspension V. Filtering, drying and grinding the suspension V to obtain the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst.
The molar ratios of the components of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst obtained in examples 1-1 to 1-4 are shown in the following table:
The g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst sample obtained in example 1-1 was subjected to phase analysis by using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the test results are shown in FIG. 2; the morphology analysis and the element distribution diagram analysis are carried out on the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst sample obtained in the example 1-2 by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the test results are shown in figure 3. At the same time, morphology analysis was performed on g-C 3N4 used in the examples by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the test results are shown in FIG. 1.
Wherein, fig. 2 is an XRD pattern, and shows that there are a plurality of diffraction peaks at 27.83 °, 32.23 °, 46.23 °, 54.82 °, 57.48 °, 67.47 °, 74.47 °, 76.73 °, corresponding to AgCl; there are multiple diffraction peaks at 38.11 °, 44.27 °, 64.42 °, 77.47 °, 81.54 ° corresponding to Ag.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of experimental used g-C 3N4, and FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst obtained in example 1-2 and the distribution of elements. By comparing the SEM morphology graphs of the figures 1 and 3, the existence of C 3N4 in the ZnO/Ag/AgCl/C 3N4 composite photocatalyst can be identified, and the g-C 3N4 in the composite photocatalyst is in a graphite phase and has the thickness of 10-100 nm. The presence and distribution of ZnO in the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst and the distribution of Ag and AgCl can be seen through the SEM element distribution diagram of FIG. 3.
The test results show that the preparation method of the ZnO particles can stably obtain the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst containing ZnO, agCl, ag, g-C 3N4 components and having a specific morphology according to the technical scheme provided by the invention by adopting the preparation method of firstly photo-reducing and depositing Ag, then depositing AgCl/Ag (most of the AgCl and a small amount of Ag formed by SnCl 2 reduction) by adopting a chemical precipitation method and finally adsorbing the ZnO particles.
Product performance test: and (3) performing a benzyl alcohol photocatalytic oxidation experiment.
The g-C 3N4 used in the examples and the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst prepared in the examples 1-4 were taken and respectively added into benzyl alcohol acetonitrile solution with the volume fraction of 25.52 and mL of 2.04%, and stirred in a dark place for 10min to reach adsorption equilibrium. Then, 30 min oxygen is introduced into the reaction device, the reaction device is sealed, and the reaction device is placed under an ultraviolet light source with irradiance of 100 mW/cm 2 and wavelength of 420 nm, and is subjected to illumination stirring for 4 hours. After the reaction is finished, centrifuging and filtering to obtain clear liquid, namely the experimental product. The relative concentrations of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid before and after the reaction were tested by liquid chromatography to calculate the conversion and selectivity of the catalyst photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in different examples. The experimental results obtained are shown in the following table:
As can be seen from the photocatalytic oxidation experiment of benzyl alcohol, the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst has higher conversion rate and extremely high selectivity in the reaction of photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde, and the catalyst prepared by the method has good catalytic activity, improves the original defects and problems of the g-C 3N4 catalyst, and can realize the high-efficiency conversion of photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. In particular, the conversion data of example 2 is not only far higher than that of g-C 3N4, but also higher than that of other examples of similar formulations.
The above description has fully demonstrated the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst and its preparation method. The g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst is prepared by combining a photo-reduction method, a chemical precipitation method and adsorption, and the high-efficiency implementation of the reaction of photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde is realized. It should be emphasized that the method is equally applicable to g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalysts with other molar ratios in each part, and modifications and color-rendering can be made without departing from the scope of the claims of the present invention, and the modifications and color-rendering also belong to the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The preparation method of the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) The method for growing Ag on the g-C 3N4 by using a photo-reduction method to obtain g-C 3N4/Ag comprises the following steps: adding 0.3gg-C 3N4 and 0.2565gAgNO 3 into 30mL of deionized water to obtain suspension I, and irradiating and stirring the suspension I under ultraviolet light with the light intensity of 100mW/cm 2 and the wavelength of 420nm for 30min to obtain suspension II;
2) The g-C 3N4/AgCl/Ag is obtained by using the suspension I prepared in the step 1) by adopting a chemical precipitation method
2.1 NaOH and 0.2565gAgNO 3 are weighed, the molar ratio of AgNO 3 to NaOH is fixed to be 1.85, and 3mL of 28wt% ammonia water is added into the suspension II obtained in the step 1) together to be stirred for 10min to obtain a suspension III;
2.1 Adding 0.1485gSnCl 2 to the suspension III, and stirring for 30min at 20-25 ℃ to obtain a suspension IV;
3) Preparing a g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst by using the suspension IV obtained in the step 2) by an adsorption method: 0.03g of ZnO is weighed and added into the suspension IV, the suspension V is obtained after stirring for 6 hours at 5 ℃, and the g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst is obtained after filtering, drying and grinding the suspension V.
2. A g-C 3N4/Ag/AgCl/ZnO composite photocatalyst is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.
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