CN115367810A - Preparation process of positive electrode material, positive electrode and battery - Google Patents
Preparation process of positive electrode material, positive electrode and battery Download PDFInfo
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a positive electrode material, the positive electrode material, a positive electrode and a battery, wherein the preparation process of the positive electrode material comprises the following steps: mixing a powdery cobalt source or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor with a lithium source or a modified additive in proportion to obtain a mixed material; adding water into the mixed material to prepare spherical material balls; calcining the material balls at high temperature; and crushing the calcined material balls to obtain the cathode material. According to the invention, the spherical material balls are prepared by adding water into the mixed material, so that the porosity of the material ball accumulation is higher than that of the micron-sized powder accumulation, the contact between the middle and bottom materials in the burning pot and air or oxygen is increased in the burning process, the problem of insufficient contact between the middle and bottom materials in the burning pot and air or oxygen in the burning process is solved, the specific volume and the cycle performance of the anode material are improved, and the anode material with better material performance and better uniformity is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a preparation process of a positive electrode material, the positive electrode material, a positive electrode and a battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high specific capacity, high safety, environmental friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of electric tools, digital products, pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and energy storage. The performance of a lithium ion battery is generally affected by a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a diaphragm and an electrolyte, and the positive electrode material is one of key influencing factors influencing the electrical performance and the cost of the lithium ion battery. With the rapid increase of global lithium ion battery demand, the rapid increase of global positive electrode material demand is driven.
As is known, the lithium cobaltate and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary materials produced in commercial quantities at present generally adopt a dry process, i.e., a powdery cobalt source or a ternary precursor of nickel cobalt manganese is mixed with a lithium source, and the mixed powdery material (called mixed powder for short) is put into a burning pot and put into a high-temperature furnace for burning. The process has the advantages of simple process and low manufacturing cost. However, in the calcination process, because the particle size of the powder in the burning pot is micron-sized and the porosity of the mixed powder is low, the contact between the materials on the specific surface of the middle material and the bottom material in the burning pot and the air or oxygen in the furnace is less, and the performance of the middle material and the bottom material is reduced due to oxygen defects, so that the prepared anode material has poor uniformity and poor material performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation process of a positive electrode material, the positive electrode material, a positive electrode and a battery, wherein the positive electrode material is good in uniformity and good in material performance.
The invention discloses a preparation process of a positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing a powdery cobalt source or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor with a lithium source or a modified additive in proportion to obtain a mixed material;
adding water into the mixed material to prepare spherical material balls;
calcining the material balls at high temperature;
and crushing the calcined material balls to obtain the cathode material.
Optionally, the step of crushing the calcined pellets further comprises the following steps: adding nano metal oxide as surface modifier and heat treatment.
Optionally, the step of adding water into the mixed material to prepare the spherical material balls specifically comprises: the mixed materials are sent to a rotary disc pelletizer, high-pressure atomized water is sprayed into the mixed materials, the mixed materials form material balls when meeting water, and then the material balls are discharged out of the disc.
Optionally, in the step of calcining the pellets at a high temperature, the calcining temperature is 900 to 1100 ℃ and the calcining time is 7 to 15 hours.
Optionally, in the step of heat treatment, the heating temperature of the heat treatment is 450 to 900 ℃, and the heating time is 3 to 8 hours.
Optionally, in the step of adding the nano metal oxide as the surface modifier, the proportion of the nano metal oxide is 0.05wt% to 1wt%.
Optionally, the size of the pellets is in the order of millimeters or centimeters.
The invention also discloses a cathode material which is prepared by adopting the cathode material preparation process.
The invention also discloses a positive electrode which is prepared from the positive electrode material.
The invention also discloses a battery which comprises the positive electrode.
According to the invention, the spherical material balls are prepared by adding water into the mixed material, so that the porosity of the material ball accumulation is higher than that of the micron-sized powder accumulation, the contact between the middle and bottom materials in the burning pot and air or oxygen is increased in the burning process, the problem of insufficient contact between the middle and bottom materials in the burning pot and the air or oxygen in the burning process is solved, the specific volume and the cycle performance of the anode material are improved, and the anode material with better material performance and better uniformity is obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a SEM (3000X) image of the positive electrode material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a SEM (5000X) image of the positive electrode material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a SEM (3000X) image of the positive electrode material prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph SEM (5000X) of the positive electrode material prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the terminology, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and are representative, but that the present invention may be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and alternative embodiments.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a process for preparing a positive electrode material is disclosed, which comprises the steps of:
s100: mixing a powdery cobalt source or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor with a lithium source or a modified additive in proportion to obtain a mixed material;
s200: adding water into the mixed material to prepare spherical material balls;
s300: calcining the material balls at high temperature;
s400: and crushing the calcined material balls to obtain the cathode material.
According to the invention, the spherical material balls are prepared by adding water into the mixed material, so that the porosity of the material ball accumulation is higher than that of the micron-sized powder accumulation, the contact between the middle and bottom materials in the burning pot and air or oxygen is increased in the burning process, the problem of insufficient contact between the middle and bottom materials in the burning pot and the air or oxygen in the burning process is solved, the specific volume and the cycle performance of the anode material are improved, and the anode material with better material performance and better uniformity is obtained.
Specifically, in step S300, the addition amount of the modifying additive is 0.02wt% to 3wt%. Step S300, adding water into the mixed material to prepare spherical material balls specifically comprises the following steps: during delivering the compounding to rotatory balling disc, spout into high-pressure atomized water in the compounding, the compounding meets water and forms the material ball, then outside the discharge disc. More specifically, high-pressure atomized water is sprayed into the mixed material above the disc pelletizer, the mixed material forms a ball core when encountering water, the ball core moves along a parabola under the action of centrifugal force, friction force and gravity in the ball forming disc, the ball core is mutually bonded with the mixed material in the moving process and gradually grows to form a material ball, and finally the material ball is discharged out of the disc from the edge of the disc along with the rotation of the inclined disc body. Specifically, the size of the pellet is in millimeter or centimeter level, the porosity is suitable, and the pellet is easy to crush in step S400. Specifically, the water added in the mixing material in step S200 is deionized water.
Specifically, when the pellets are calcined at a high temperature in step S300, the pellets are first loaded into a burning pot, and the burning pot is then put into a high temperature furnace for burning, wherein the burning temperature is 900 to 1100 ℃ and the burning time is 7 to 15 hours.
Specifically, the step of crushing the calcined pellets in step S400 further includes the following steps: adding nano metal oxide as surface modifier and heat treatment. The proportion of the added nano metal oxide is 0.05wt% -1 wt%, the heating temperature of the heat treatment is 450-900 ℃, and the heating time is 3-8 hours. More specifically, the crushed pellets are added with nano metal oxide and mixed evenly, and then the mixture is put into a pot and put into an electric furnace for heat treatment for 3 to 8 hours at the temperature of 450 to 900 ℃. Then, screening to obtain the cathode material with good specific volume, good cycle performance and good uniformity.
Specifically, the cobalt source may be cobaltosic oxide, the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor may be nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide, the lithium source may be lithium carbonate, the modification additive may be nano titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, antimony oxide, nano zirconium oxide, and the nano metal oxide may be nano aluminum oxide.
The particle uniformity of the anode material prepared by testing is better. The positive electrode material prepared by the process is compared with the positive electrode material prepared by the dry process for testing the electrical performance of the whole battery, and the positive electrode material prepared by the process is higher than the 1C rate discharge specific capacity of the original technical scheme by 2mAh/g, the capacity retention rate of 1C circulation for 400 weeks is higher by more than 4%, and the high-low temperature performance and the safety performance are equivalent.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a cathode material which is prepared by adopting the cathode material preparation process.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a positive electrode which is prepared from the positive electrode material.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a battery which comprises the positive electrode.
Example 1
The positive electrode material prepared according to the scheme comprises the following components:
1.1, selecting battery-grade cobaltosic oxide and lithium carbonate as raw materials, selecting nano titanium oxide and magnesium oxide as doping agents, preparing materials according to the proportion of Li to Co =1.04, wherein the doping amounts of Ti and Mg are respectively 0.08 percent and 0.15 percent of the mole number of Co, and uniformly mixing the raw materials by using a ball milling or other mixing modes;
1.2, feeding the mixed powder into a rotating disk pelletizer, and spraying high-pressure atomized water into the powder above the disk pelletizer to carry out pelletizing operation;
1.3, the prepared pellets are put into a burning pot;
1.4, feeding the charging and burning pot into a high-temperature furnace, and burning for 8 hours at the highest temperature of 1030 ℃;
1.5 crushing the calcined material, selecting nano-alumina as a surface modifier, adding the nano-alumina into the surface modifier according to the proportion of 0.05wt%, mixing, and filling the mixed material into a burning pot;
1.6, the charging and burning pot is put into an electric furnace, and the heat treatment is carried out for 5 hours at the highest temperature of 650 ℃;
1.7, screening the material after the heat treatment of 1.6 to obtain the lithium cobaltate cathode material.
Example 2
A positive electrode material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 above, except that:
2.1 Li: co in step 1.1 of example 1 was adjusted to 1.045;
2.2 the dopant Mg in step 1.1 of example 1 was replaced by Sb, and the doping amounts of Ti and Sb were adjusted to 0.13% and 0.2% respectively based on the molar number of Co
2.3 the temperature of example 1, step 1.4, was adjusted to 1050 ℃;
comparative example 1
Step 1.2 in example 1 above was removed; step 1.3 in example 1 was modified to: the powder prepared in step 1.1 above is loaded into a burning pot.
Example 3
A positive electrode material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 above, except that, in the same manner as in example 1 above:
3.1 the tricobalt tetraoxide in step 1.1 of example 1 was replaced with a nickel cobalt manganese molar ratio of 5:2:3 nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide;
3.2 the molar ratio of Li to (Ni + Co + Mn) in step 1.1 of example 1 was adjusted to 1.07;
3.3 the dopant in step 1.1 of example 1 was replaced by nano zirconia, the doping amount of Zr was 0.5% of the mole number of (Ni + Co + Mn);
3.4 the maximum temperature in step 1.4 of example 1 was adjusted to 970 ℃ and the calcination time was adjusted to 10 hours;
3.5 adjusting the addition of the surface modifier to 2% in step 1.5 of example 1;
3.6 the maximum temperature in step 1.6 of example 1 was adjusted to 500 ℃;
3.7 the lithium cobaltate positive electrode material in the step 1.7 of the example 1 is replaced by a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary positive electrode material.
Comparative example 2
Step 1.2 in example 1 above was removed; step 1.3 in example 1 was modified to: the powder prepared in step 1.1 above is loaded into a burning pot.
Test 1:
500 g of each of the spherical pellets prepared in example 1 and the mixed powder of comparative example 1 was dried in an oven at 120 ℃ for 12 hours, and the apparent density was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 filling of powder materials of example 1 and comparative example 1
| Item | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 |
| Bulk Density (g/cm) 3 ) | 1.04 | 1.26 |
| Specific density (cm) 3 /g) | 0.96 | 0.80 |
From the above table 1, it can be calculated that the porosity of example 1 is increased by 20% ((0.96-0.8)/0.8) compared to the porosity of comparative example 1.
And (3) testing 2:
the positive electrode materials obtained in examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1, 3 and 2 were used as full cells and tested, and the test results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 Electrical Properties of the materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2
From the test results in table 2, the positive electrode material prepared by the preparation process of the positive electrode material of the invention has high specific capacity and good cycle performance. Compared with the 1C multiplying power discharge specific capacity of the prior technical scheme, the positive electrode material prepared by the invention has the advantages that the 1C multiplying power discharge specific capacity is higher by 2mAh/g, the capacity retention rate is higher by more than 4 percent after 1C circulation for 400 weeks, and the high-low temperature performance and the safety performance are equivalent.
And (3) testing:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, as can be seen from scanning electron micrographs of the materials prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1, the particles of the cathode material prepared by the cathode material preparation process of the present invention are more uniform and consistent.
It should be noted that, the limitations of the steps involved in the present disclosure are not considered to limit the order of the steps without affecting the implementation of the specific embodiments, and the steps written in the foregoing may be executed first, or executed later, or even executed simultaneously, and as long as the present disclosure can be implemented, all should be considered to belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific alternative embodiments, and the practice of the invention should not be construed as limited to those descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation process of a positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing a powdery cobalt source or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor with a lithium source or a modified additive in proportion to obtain a mixed material;
adding water into the mixed material to prepare spherical material balls;
calcining the material balls at high temperature;
and crushing the calcined material balls to obtain the cathode material.
2. The process for preparing a positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the step of pulverizing the calcined pellets further comprises the steps of:
adding nano metal oxide as surface modifier and heat treatment.
3. The preparation process of the cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing spherical pellets by adding water to the mixed material comprises the following specific steps:
the mixed materials are sent to a rotary disc pelletizer, high-pressure atomized water is sprayed into the mixed materials, the mixed materials form material balls when meeting water, and then the material balls are discharged out of the disc.
4. The process for preparing a positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step of calcining the pellets at a high temperature, the calcination temperature is 900 to 1100 ℃ and the calcination time is 7 to 15 hours.
5. A process for producing a positive electrode material according to claim 2, wherein in the heat treatment step, the heating temperature of the heat treatment is 450 to 900 ℃ and the heating time is 3 to 8 hours.
6. A positive electrode material preparation process according to claim 2, wherein in the step of adding a nano metal oxide as a surface modifier, the proportion of the nano metal oxide is 0.05wt% to 1wt%.
7. The process for preparing a positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the size of the pellets is in the order of millimeters or centimeters.
8. A cathode material, characterized by being prepared by the cathode material preparation process according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A positive electrode produced using the positive electrode material according to claim 8.
10. A battery comprising the positive electrode according to claim 9.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115432753A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-06 | 宜宾锂宝新材料有限公司 | Positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and battery |
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