CN115178466B - Cleaning method for effectively improving vitality of Salicaceae seeds - Google Patents

Cleaning method for effectively improving vitality of Salicaceae seeds Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115178466B
CN115178466B CN202211107382.9A CN202211107382A CN115178466B CN 115178466 B CN115178466 B CN 115178466B CN 202211107382 A CN202211107382 A CN 202211107382A CN 115178466 B CN115178466 B CN 115178466B
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seeds
cleaning
crown
negative pressure
sieve tray
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CN115178466A (en
Inventor
蔡杰
何华杰
张潇尹
方云花
胡枭剑
谭治刚
秦少发
刘成
张挺
杨湘云
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Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
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Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
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Priority to ZA2023/04087A priority patent/ZA202304087B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/06—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents by impingement against sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/04—Stationary flat screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/02—Arrangement of air or material conditioning accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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Abstract

The invention discloses a cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of seeds of salicaceae, which comprises the following steps: drying capsules until the capsules crack, observing by microscopic examination, separating seeds with crown hairs, sucking and separating the crown hairs by negative pressure, finely cleaning, and screening qualified seeds by microscopic examination; the seeds with the crown hairs of the salicaceae and the like are separated through a negative pressure suction mode before being stored, the size can be reduced by 90%, the seeds with the crown hairs are prevented from occupying a large amount of space, the seed storage space is saved, meanwhile, the seeds can be prevented from being damaged and influencing vitality through the negative pressure suction mode, and the subsequent germination rate of the cleaned salicaceae seeds can be improved to 100% from 38-88%.

Description

Cleaning method for effectively improving vitality of Salicaceae seeds
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seed threshing, in particular to a cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of salicaceae seeds.
Background
According to the record of Flora of China, the Salicaceae has 620 species, 347 species in China, and the Salicaceae plants are important protection forests, water and soil conservation forests, timber forests and greening excellent tree species in China and are used for civil building materials, small plates of agricultural materials, firewood carbon materials, medicinal plants, wind prevention and sand fixation, early spring honey source plants and the like. Various plants in the Salicaceae family are listed as national precious or endangered protective species, such as frontal river poplar, willow twigs, populus euphratica and the like.
Such as Populus euphratica (Populus euphratica)Populus euphraticaOliv.) is a tree of the genus Populus of the family Salicaceae, deciduous trees, an ancient species of the middle sea of ancient land, which is left when the geology of the third era changes, and is also a unique precious tree species in desert regions. It plays an important role in conserving water sources, maintaining water and soil, adjusting runoff, preventing wind and sand, preventing desert extension, adjusting local climate and the like.
The vitality of the salicaceae seeds cleaned in the traditional mode (rubbing cleaning) is remarkably reduced, and the measured data according to the comparative example shows that the vitality of the seeds cleaned in the traditional mode is only 66 percent and is obviously reduced.
The seeds are important materials for long-term preservation of salicaceae germplasm and breeding of forest culture, systematic research on the storage characteristics and seed preservation modes of the seeds is particularly important, a large number of salicaceae seeds need to be collected and preserved no matter the collection and preservation of germplasm resources, the biological research of short-lived seeds, the artificial construction of protection forests, water and soil conservation forests and the like, and it is very important to preserve a large number of high-quality seeds in a limited space to the greatest extent, but the vitality of the salicaceae seeds cleaned in a traditional mode (rubbing cleaning) is remarkably reduced, so that a cleaning method suitable for the salicaceae seeds is urgently needed to be found, and the problems that the seeds are damaged and the initial vitality of the seeds is remarkably reduced in the salicaceae seed cleaning process are solved. Therefore, the method for cleaning the seeds of the salicaceae family has important significance for long-term storage of the seeds, establishment of a salicaceae family germplasm resource library and improvement of a salicaceae family germplasm resource storage system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of salicaceae seeds.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of seeds of Salicaceae comprises the following steps: drying capsules until the capsules crack, observing by microscopic examination, separating seeds with crown hairs, sucking and separating the crown hairs by negative pressure, finely cleaning, and screening qualified seeds by microscopic examination;
further, a negative pressure cleaning device is adopted in the step of negative pressure suction and separation of the crown hair, and the crown hair is separated from the seeds to obtain the seeds without the crown hair;
further, the negative pressure cleaning device comprises a receiving disc, a first sieve disc, a second sieve disc, a negative pressure generating unit and a suction nozzle part; the bearing disc is used for receiving the seeds without the crown hairs; the second sieve tray is movably arranged on the bearing tray; the first sieve tray is movably arranged on the second sieve tray; a separation cavity is formed between the first sieve tray and the second sieve tray; the suction nozzle part is arranged above the first sieve tray and is connected with the negative pressure generating unit;
further, the aperture of the first sieve tray is smaller than the diameter of the seeds; the aperture of the second sieve tray is larger than the diameter of the seeds and smaller than the diameter of the seeds with the corona hair;
further, during cleaning, the vacuum degree in the separation cavity is 15-30kpa;
further, the step of fine cleaning adopts a seed separator to remove empty and flat seeds, worm-eaten seeds and residues to obtain full seeds;
further, the rotating speed of a fan of the seed separator is 15-22Hz;
further, the step of drying the capsule comprises: spreading newspaper in a ventilated frame, spreading the capsule, covering the top of the frame with the newspaper, and placing the frame in a drying room;
furthermore, the temperature of the drying room is 15 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 15 +/-1%;
the further technical scheme is that the method specifically comprises the steps of screening qualified seeds by microscopic examination under a dissecting microscope, judging that the seeds are qualified after being cleaned when the cleanliness of the seeds reaches 100% and the fullness rate reaches 95%, and repeating fine cleaning if the cleanliness of the seeds does not reach the requirement; and filling the cleaned seeds into paper bags, and placing the paper bags in a drying room for later use after recording.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the seeds with the crown hairs of the salicaceae and the like are separated by a negative pressure suction mode before being stored, the volume can be reduced by 90%, the seeds with the crown hairs are prevented from occupying a large amount of space, the seed storage space is saved, meanwhile, the seeds can be prevented from being damaged and influencing the vitality by the negative pressure suction mode, and the subsequent germination rate of the cleaned seeds of the salicaceae can be improved to 100% from 38-88%;
2. empty shriveled seeds, worm-eaten seeds and residues in the seeds without the crown hairs are removed through fine cleaning, so that the plump rate and the purity of the seeds are improved, the storage space is reduced, and the inconvenience brought by the empty shriveled seeds, the worm-eaten seeds and the residues to the subsequent operations of seed counting, long-term storage, germination, distribution and utilization and the like is avoided;
3. the negative pressure cleaning device is preferably adopted to separate the crown hair and the seeds, the separation cavity is formed between the first sieve tray and the second sieve tray, the seeds and the crown hair in the separation cavity can be split after the negative pressure suction effect above the first sieve tray is received, the crown hair can be sucked and taken away by the suction nozzle through the first sieve tray, and the seeds without the crown hair are reduced in volume and fall into the bearing tray through the second sieve tray to be collected. The separation occurs between the first sieve tray and the second sieve tray, and if the first sieve tray is only arranged on the bearing tray, after negative pressure is generated, partial seeds in the bearing tray are not thoroughly removed due to mutual extrusion; the effect of second sieve dish can play the very first time and sieve out the seed of deviating from the crown hair from the separation intracavity for the seed of accomplishing the separation falls in the dish is accepted to the below automatically, accomplishes to mouling until separating all seeds in the intracavity, avoids the seed to stop for a long time and causes the damage in the separation intracavity, avoids overlapping each other between the seed to extrude and causes the omission that moults.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative pressure cleaning device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the dismounting structure of the negative pressure cleaning device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a seed separator.
Fig. 4 is a capsule before drying.
FIG. 5 shows the separation of the seeds with the crown hair by negative pressure suction.
FIG. 6 shows the seeds after negative pressure suction separation.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged seed after negative pressure suction separation.
In the drawings, 1. A hopper; 2. a sample conveyor belt; 3. a switch; 4. a wind knob; 5. an air inlet; 6. empty seed and residue boxes; 7. a box of filled seeds; 8. a bearing plate; 9. a first sieve tray; 10. a second sieve tray; 11. a negative pressure generating unit; 12. a mouthpiece section; 13. a separation chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention conventionally lay out when in use, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, which are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-2, a cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of seeds of salicaceae comprises the following steps: drying capsules until the capsules crack, observing by microscopic examination, separating seeds with crown hairs, sucking and separating the crown hairs by negative pressure, finely cleaning, and screening qualified seeds by microscopic examination; in this example, the dried capsule is a selected mature and non-worm-eaten fruit, and the impurities such as branches and leaves have been removed in advance; in the embodiment, the capsule is dried to be completely cracked, and can be prepared for cleaning after the white catkin is floated, the capsule is generally dried for 1 to 2 days, and the capsule needs to be frequently turned in the period so as to be beneficial to full drying; and observing under a dissecting mirror when the seeds with the crown hairs are separated through microscopic examination, and finding out full seeds with the crown hairs.
The seeds with the crown hairs of the salicaceae and the like are separated through a negative pressure suction mode before storage, the volume can be reduced by 90%, the seeds with the crown hairs are prevented from occupying a large amount of space, the seed storage space is saved, meanwhile, the seeds can be prevented from being damaged and influencing vitality through the negative pressure suction mode, and the subsequent germination rate of the stored and cleaned seeds of the salicaceae can be improved to 100% from 38-88%.
Empty and flat seeds, worm-eaten seeds and residues in the seeds without the crown hairs are removed through fine cleaning, so that the plump rate and the purity of the seeds are improved, the storage space is reduced, and inconvenience brought to subsequent operations of seed counting, long-term storage, germination, distribution and utilization and the like by the empty and flat seeds, the worm-eaten seeds and the residues is avoided.
In the step of separating the crown hair by negative pressure suction, a negative pressure cleaning device is adopted to separate the crown hair from the seeds to obtain the seeds without the crown hair; the negative pressure cleaning device separates the crown hair from the seeds, avoids separating the crown hair from the seeds by adopting a hand rubbing mode, and is favorable for avoiding damage to influence the vitality of the seeds. Because populus diversifolia seeds are easy to lose water, if the air blowing mode is adopted to blow the crown hairs away from the seeds, the seeds are easy to dry and lose water, and the vitality of the seeds is also influenced.
The negative pressure cleaning device comprises a bearing disc 8, a first sieve disc 9, a second sieve disc 10, a negative pressure generating unit 11 and a suction nozzle part 12; the bearing disc 8 is used for receiving the seeds without the crowns and the hairs; the second sieve tray 10 is movably arranged on the bearing tray 8; the first sieve tray 9 is movably arranged on the second sieve tray 10; a separation chamber 13 is formed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10; the suction nozzle part 12 is arranged above the first sieve tray 9 and is connected with the negative pressure generating unit 11; in this embodiment, the structure of the negative pressure cleaning device is as shown in fig. 1, the negative pressure generating unit 11 may be a vacuum cleaner, a vacuum pump or an air extractor, etc. which can provide a negative pressure device, a separation cavity 13 is formed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10, after the negative pressure suction effect above the first sieve tray 9 is received, seeds and crown hairs in the separation cavity 13 can be split, the crown hairs can be sucked and taken away by the suction nozzle through the first sieve tray 9, and the seeds without the crown hairs fall down through the second sieve tray 10 after the volume of the seeds is reduced to enter the receiving tray 8 for collection. In the embodiment, the separation is performed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10, and if the first sieve tray 9 is only arranged on the receiving tray 8, after negative pressure is generated, partial seeds in the receiving tray 8 cannot completely remove the crown hair due to overstock; the second sieve tray 10 can be used for sieving the seeds which are separated from the crown hairs, so that the separated seeds automatically fall into the lower bearing tray 8 until all the seeds in the separation cavity 13 are unhaired. In this embodiment, be provided with conventional filtration dust collection mechanism in the negative pressure generating unit 11 to the cap hair of taking away in the collection suction avoids blockking up inside electronic components.
The aperture of the first sieve tray 9 is smaller than the diameter of the seeds; the aperture of the second sieve tray 10 is larger than the diameter of the seeds and smaller than the diameter of the seeds with the crown hair; in this embodiment, the aperture of the first sieve tray 9 is smaller than the diameter of the seeds, only the crown hairs can pass through the first sieve tray 9, and the seeds are prevented from being sucked and taken away; the aperture of the second sieve tray 10 is larger than the diameter of the seeds, so that the seeds can directly fall into the receiving tray 8 below after the crown hair is removed, and the seeds are prevented from being continuously accumulated in the separation cavity 13 to cause damage and influence on other seed hair removal.
During cleaning, the vacuum degree in the separation cavity 13 is 15-30kpa; in the embodiment, the vacuum degree is between 15 and 30kpa, the seeds are easily damaged due to overlarge negative pressure, and the seeds and the crown hairs cannot be separated to achieve the cleaning effect due to the overlarge negative pressure.
The fine cleaning adopts a seed separator to remove empty and shriveled seeds, worm-eaten seeds and residues to obtain full seeds; in this embodiment, the structure of the seed separator is shown in fig. 2, and includes a hopper 1, a sample conveyer belt 2, a switch 3, a wind knob 4, an air inlet 5, a full seed box 7, a empty and flat seed box 6; the seeds passing through the hopper 1 and the sample conveyer belt 2 are separated into full seeds and empty and flat residues under the action of wind power; the rotating speed of a fan of the seed separator is 15-22Hz; the rotating speed of the fan is set to be proper, so that seeds, empty seeds and residues can be separated conveniently.
The step of drying the capsule comprises the following steps: spreading newspaper in a ventilated frame, spreading the capsule, covering the top of the frame with the newspaper, and placing the frame in a drying room; newspaper is laid in the breathable frame to prevent seeds from falling off, the top of the breathable frame is tightly covered by the newspaper to prevent waste gas of crown hair, and when the inside of a drying piece is dried, fruits need to be turned frequently to facilitate full drying.
The temperature of the drying room is 15 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 15 +/-1%; populus diversifolia seeds are easy to lose water and lose germination capacity, and the temperature and humidity in a drying room need to be strictly controlled so as to avoid water loss and inactivation of the seeds in the drying process.
The method specifically comprises the steps of screening qualified seeds through microscopic examination under a dissecting microscope, judging that the seeds are qualified after being cleaned when the seed cleanliness reaches 100% and the plump rate reaches 95%, and repeating fine cleaning if the seeds do not meet the requirements; and filling the cleaned seeds into paper bags, and placing the paper bags in a drying room for later use after recording.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1-2, a cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of seeds of salicaceae comprises the following steps: drying capsules until the capsules crack, observing by microscopic examination, separating seeds with crown hairs, sucking and separating the crown hairs by negative pressure, finely cleaning, and screening qualified seeds by microscopic examination; in this example, the dried capsule is a selected mature and non-worm-eaten fruit, and the impurities such as branches and leaves have been removed in advance; in the embodiment, the capsule is dried until the capsule is completely cracked, and can be prepared for cleaning after the catkin is floated, the capsule generally needs to be dried for 1 to 2 days, and the capsule needs to be stirred frequently in the period so as to be beneficial to full drying; and observing under a dissecting mirror when the seeds with the crown hairs are separated through microscopic examination, and finding out full seeds with the crown hairs.
The seeds with the crown hairs of the salicaceae and the like are separated through a negative pressure suction mode before storage, the size can be reduced by 90%, the seeds with the crown hairs are prevented from occupying a large amount of space, the seed storage space is saved, meanwhile, the seeds can be prevented from being damaged and influencing vitality through the negative pressure suction mode, and the subsequent germination rate of the stored and cleaned seeds of the salicaceae can be improved to 100% from 38-88%.
Empty flat, the worm eaten by worms seed and residue in the seed that will take off the crown hair are got rid of through meticulous clearance, are favorable to improving the plump rate and the cleanliness factor of seed, reduce storage space, avoid empty flat, the worm eaten by worms seed and residue to follow-up seed count, long-term storage, sprout and distribute operation such as utilization and bring inconvenience.
In the step of separating the crown hair by negative pressure suction, a negative pressure cleaning device is adopted to separate the crown hair from the seeds to obtain the seeds without the crown hair; the negative pressure cleaning device separates the crown hair from the seeds, avoids separating the crown hair from the seeds by adopting a hand rubbing mode, and is favorable for avoiding damaging the seeds to influence the vitality of the seeds. Because populus diversifolia seeds are easy to lose water, if the air blowing mode is adopted to blow the crown hairs away from the seeds, the seeds are easy to dry and lose water, and the vitality of the seeds is also influenced.
The negative pressure cleaning device comprises a bearing disc 8, a first sieve disc 9, a second sieve disc 10, a negative pressure generating unit 11 and a suction nozzle part 12; the bearing disc 8 is used for receiving the seeds without the crown hairs; the second sieve tray 10 is movably arranged on the bearing tray 8; the first sieve tray 9 is movably arranged on the second sieve tray 10; a separation chamber 13 is formed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10; the suction nozzle part 12 is arranged above the first sieve tray 9 and is connected with the negative pressure generating unit 11; in this embodiment, the structure of the negative pressure cleaning device is as shown in fig. 1, the negative pressure generating unit 11 may be a vacuum cleaner, a vacuum pump or an air extractor, etc. which can provide a negative pressure device, a separation cavity 13 is formed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10, after the negative pressure suction effect above the first sieve tray 9 is received, seeds and crown hairs in the separation cavity 13 can be split, the crown hairs can be sucked and taken away by the suction nozzle through the first sieve tray 9, and the seeds without the crown hairs fall down through the second sieve tray 10 after the volume of the seeds is reduced to enter the receiving tray 8 for collection. In the embodiment, the separation is performed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10, and if the first sieve tray 9 is only arranged on the receiving tray 8, after negative pressure is generated, partial seeds in the receiving tray 8 cannot completely remove the crown hair due to overstock; the second sieve tray 10 can be used for sieving the seeds which are separated from the crown hairs, so that the separated seeds automatically fall into the lower bearing tray 8 until all the seeds in the separation cavity 13 are unhaired.
The aperture of the first sieve tray 9 is smaller than the diameter of the seeds; the aperture of the second sieve tray 10 is larger than the diameter of the seeds and smaller than the diameter of the seeds with the corona hair; in this embodiment, the aperture of the first sieve tray 9 is smaller than the diameter of the seeds, and only the crown hairs can pass through the first sieve tray 9, so that the seeds are prevented from being sucked and taken away; the aperture of the second sieve tray 10 is larger than the diameter of the seeds, so that the seeds can directly fall into the receiving tray 8 below after the crown hair is removed, and the seeds are prevented from being continuously accumulated in the separation cavity 13 to cause damage and influence on hair removal of other seeds.
During cleaning, the vacuum degree in the separation cavity 13 is 15kpa; in the embodiment, the vacuum degree is 15Kpa, the seeds are easily damaged due to overlarge negative pressure, and the seeds and the crown hair cannot be separated and cannot be cleaned due to the fact that the negative pressure is too small and is smaller than 15 Kpa.
The fine cleaning adopts a seed separator to remove empty and shriveled seeds, worm-eaten seeds and residues to obtain full seeds; in this embodiment, the structure of the seed separator is shown in fig. 2, and includes a hopper 1, a sample conveyer belt 2, a switch 3, a wind knob 4, an air inlet 5, a full seed box 7, a empty and flat seed box 6; seeds passing through a hopper 1 and a sample conveyer belt 2; separating full seeds from empty and shriveled residues under the action of wind power; the rotating speed of a fan of the seed separator is 15Hz; the rotating speed of the fan is set properly, so that the seeds, the empty and shriveled seeds and the residues can be separated conveniently.
The step of drying the capsule comprises the following steps: spreading newspaper in a ventilated frame, spreading the capsule, covering the top of the frame with the newspaper, and placing the frame in a drying room; newspaper is laid in the breathable frame to prevent seeds from falling off, the top of the breathable frame is tightly covered by the newspaper to prevent waste gas of crown hair, and when the inside of a drying piece is dried, fruits need to be turned frequently to facilitate full drying.
The temperature of the drying room is 15 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 15 +/-1%; populus diversifolia seeds are easy to lose water and lose germination capacity, and the temperature and humidity in a drying room need to be strictly controlled so as to avoid water loss and inactivation of the seeds in the drying process.
The method specifically comprises the steps of screening qualified seeds through microscopic examination under a dissecting microscope, judging that the seeds are qualified after being cleaned when the seed cleanliness reaches 100% and the plump rate reaches 95%, and repeating fine cleaning if the seeds do not meet the requirements; and filling the cleaned seeds into paper bags, recording, and placing in a drying room for later use.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 1-2, a cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of seeds of salicaceae includes the following steps: drying capsules until the capsules crack, observing by microscopic examination, separating seeds with crown hairs, sucking and separating the crown hairs by negative pressure, finely cleaning, and screening qualified seeds by microscopic examination; in this example, the dried capsule is a selected mature and non-worm-eaten fruit, and the impurities such as branches and leaves have been removed in advance; in the embodiment, the capsule is dried to be completely cracked, and can be prepared for cleaning after the white catkin is floated, the capsule is generally dried for 1 to 2 days, and the capsule needs to be frequently turned in the period so as to be beneficial to full drying; and observing under a dissecting mirror when the seeds with the crown hairs are separated through microscopic examination, and finding out full seeds with the crown hairs.
The seeds with the crown hairs of the populus family and the like are separated through a negative pressure suction mode before preservation, the volume can be reduced by 90%, the seeds with the crown hairs are prevented from occupying a large amount of space, the seed storage space is saved, meanwhile, the seeds can be prevented from being damaged and influencing vitality through the negative pressure suction mode, and the subsequent germination rate of the preserved cleaned populus family seeds can be improved to 100% from 38-88%.
Empty flat, the worm eaten by worms seed and residue in the seed that will take off the crown hair are got rid of through meticulous clearance, are favorable to improving the plump rate and the cleanliness factor of seed, reduce storage space, avoid empty flat, the worm eaten by worms seed and residue to follow-up seed count, long-term storage, sprout and distribute operation such as utilization and bring inconvenience.
In the step of separating the crown hair by negative pressure suction, a negative pressure cleaning device is adopted to separate the crown hair from the seeds to obtain the seeds without the crown hair; the negative pressure cleaning device separates the crown hair from the seeds, avoids separating the crown hair from the seeds by adopting a hand rubbing mode, and is favorable for avoiding damaging the seeds to influence the vitality of the seeds. Because the populus diversifolia seeds are easy to lose water, if the air blowing mode is adopted to blow off the crown hairs from the seeds, the seeds are easy to dry and lose water, and the vitality of the seeds is also influenced.
The negative pressure cleaning device comprises a bearing disc 8, a first sieve disc 9, a second sieve disc 10, a negative pressure generating unit 11 and a suction nozzle part 12; the bearing disc 8 is used for receiving the seeds without the crowns and the hairs; the second sieve tray 10 is movably arranged on the bearing tray 8; the first sieve tray 9 is movably arranged on the second sieve tray 10; a separation chamber 13 is formed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10; the suction nozzle part 12 is arranged above the first sieve tray 9 and is connected with the negative pressure generating unit 11; in this embodiment, the structure of the negative pressure cleaning device is as shown in fig. 1, the negative pressure generating unit 11 may be a vacuum cleaner, a vacuum pump or an air extractor, etc. which can provide a negative pressure device, a separation cavity 13 is formed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10, after the negative pressure suction effect above the first sieve tray 9 is received, seeds and crown hairs in the separation cavity 13 can be split, the crown hairs can be sucked and taken away by the suction nozzle through the first sieve tray 9, and the seeds without the crown hairs fall down through the second sieve tray 10 after the volume of the seeds is reduced to enter the receiving tray 8 for collection. In the embodiment, the separation is performed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10, and if the first sieve tray 9 is only arranged on the receiving tray 8, after negative pressure is generated, partial seeds in the receiving tray 8 cannot completely remove the crown hair due to overstock; the second sieve tray 10 can be used for sieving the seeds which are separated from the crown hairs, so that the separated seeds automatically fall into the lower bearing tray 8 until all the seeds in the separation cavity 13 are unhaired.
The aperture of the first sieve tray 9 is smaller than the diameter of the seeds; the aperture of the second sieve tray 10 is larger than the diameter of the seeds and smaller than the diameter of the seeds with the crown hair; in this embodiment, the aperture of the first sieve tray 9 is smaller than the diameter of the seeds, only the crown hairs can pass through the first sieve tray 9, and the seeds are prevented from being sucked and taken away; the aperture of the second sieve tray 10 is larger than the diameter of the seeds, so that the seeds can directly fall into the receiving tray 8 below after the crown hair is removed, and the seeds are prevented from being continuously accumulated in the separation cavity 13 to cause damage and influence on hair removal of other seeds.
During cleaning, the vacuum degree in the separation cavity 13 is 30kpa; in the embodiment, the vacuum degree is 30kpa, the seeds are easily damaged due to overlarge negative pressure, the negative pressure exceeds 30kpa, and the seed activity is obviously reduced.
The fine cleaning adopts a seed separator to remove empty and shriveled seeds, worm-eaten seeds and residues to obtain full seeds; in this embodiment, the structure of the seed separator is shown in fig. 2, and includes a hopper 1, a sample conveyer belt 2, a switch 3, a wind knob 4, an air inlet 5, a full seed box 7, a empty and flat seed box 6; the seeds passing through the hopper 1 and the sample conveyer belt 2 are separated into full seeds and empty and flat residues under the action of wind. The rotating speed of a fan of the seed separator is 22Hz; the rotating speed of the fan is set to be proper, so that seeds, empty seeds and residues can be separated conveniently.
The step of drying the capsule comprises the following steps: spreading newspaper in a ventilated frame, spreading the capsule, covering the top of the frame with the newspaper, and placing the frame in a drying room; newspaper is well laid in the air-permeable frame to prevent seeds from falling off, the top of the air-permeable frame is tightly covered by the newspaper to prevent waste gas of crown hair, and when the air-permeable frame is dried in a drying piece, fruits need to be frequently turned so as to be beneficial to full drying.
The temperature of the drying room is 15 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 15 +/-1%; populus diversifolia seeds are easy to lose water and lose germination capacity, and the temperature and humidity in a drying room need to be strictly controlled so as to avoid water loss and inactivation of the seeds in the drying process.
The method specifically comprises the steps of screening qualified seeds through microscopic examination under an anatomical microscope, wherein the cleanliness of the seeds reaches 100%, the plumping rate reaches 95%, the seeds are regarded as qualified after cleaning, and if the cleanliness of the seeds does not reach the requirements, fine cleaning is repeated; and filling the cleaned seeds into paper bags, and placing the paper bags in a drying room for later use after recording.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 1-2, a cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of seeds of salicaceae comprises the following steps: drying capsules until the capsules crack, observing by microscopic examination, separating seeds with crown hairs, sucking and separating the crown hairs by negative pressure, finely cleaning, and screening qualified seeds by microscopic examination; in this embodiment, the dried capsule is a selected mature fruit without being damaged by worms, and the impurities such as branches, leaves and the like are removed in advance; in the embodiment, the capsule is dried until the capsule is completely cracked, and can be prepared for cleaning after the catkin is floated, the capsule generally needs to be dried for 1 to 2 days, and the capsule needs to be stirred frequently in the period so as to be beneficial to full drying; and observing under a dissecting mirror when the seeds with the crown hairs are separated through microscopic examination, and finding out full seeds with the crown hairs.
The seeds with the crown hairs of the populus family and the like are separated through a negative pressure suction mode before being stored, the volume can be reduced by 90%, the seeds with the crown hairs are prevented from occupying a large amount of space, the seed storage space is saved, meanwhile, the seeds can be prevented from being damaged and influencing the vitality through the negative pressure suction mode, and the subsequent germination rate of the stored cleaned populus family seeds can be improved to 100% from 38-88%.
Empty flat, the worm eaten by worms seed and residue in the seed that will take off the crown hair are got rid of through meticulous clearance, are favorable to improving the plump rate and the cleanliness factor of seed, reduce storage space, avoid empty flat, the worm eaten by worms seed and residue to follow-up seed count, long-term storage, sprout and distribute operation such as utilization and bring inconvenience.
In the step of separating the crown hair by negative pressure suction, a negative pressure cleaning device is adopted to separate the crown hair from the seeds to obtain the seeds without the crown hair; the negative pressure cleaning device separates the crown hair from the seeds, avoids separating the crown hair from the seeds by adopting a hand rubbing mode, and is favorable for avoiding damaging the seeds to influence the vitality of the seeds. Because populus diversifolia seeds are easy to lose water, if the air blowing mode is adopted to blow the crown hairs away from the seeds, the seeds are easy to dry and lose water, and the vitality of the seeds is also influenced.
The negative pressure cleaning device comprises a bearing disc 8, a first sieve disc 9, a second sieve disc 10, a negative pressure generating unit 11 and a suction nozzle part 12; the bearing disc 8 is used for receiving the seeds without the crown hairs; the second sieve tray 10 is movably arranged on the bearing tray 8; the first sieve tray 9 is movably arranged on the second sieve tray 10; a separation chamber 13 is formed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10; the suction opening part 12 is arranged above the first sieve tray 9 and is connected with the negative pressure generating unit 11; in this embodiment, the structure of the negative pressure cleaning device is as shown in fig. 1, the negative pressure generating unit 11 may be a vacuum cleaner, a vacuum pump or an air extractor, etc. which can provide a negative pressure device, a separation cavity 13 is formed between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10, after the negative pressure suction effect above the first sieve tray 9 is received, seeds and crown hairs in the separation cavity 13 can be split, the crown hairs can be sucked and taken away by the suction nozzle through the first sieve tray 9, and the seeds without the crown hairs fall down through the second sieve tray 10 after the volume of the seeds is reduced to enter the receiving tray 8 for collection. In the embodiment, the separation occurs between the first sieve tray 9 and the second sieve tray 10, and if the first sieve tray 9 is only arranged on the receiving tray 8, after negative pressure is generated, partial seeds in the receiving tray 8 cannot completely remove the crown hair due to overstock; the second sieve tray 10 can be used for sieving the seeds which are separated from the crown hairs, so that the separated seeds automatically fall into the lower bearing tray 8 until all the seeds in the separation cavity 13 are unhaired.
The aperture of the first sieve tray 9 is smaller than the diameter of the seeds; the aperture of the second sieve tray 10 is larger than the diameter of the seeds and smaller than the diameter of the seeds with the corona hair; in this embodiment, the aperture of the first sieve tray 9 is smaller than the diameter of the seeds, only the crown hairs can pass through the first sieve tray 9, and the seeds are prevented from being sucked and taken away; the aperture of the second sieve tray 10 is larger than the diameter of the seeds, so that the seeds can directly fall into the receiving tray 8 below after the crown hair is removed, and the seeds are prevented from being continuously accumulated in the separation cavity 13 to cause damage and influence on hair removal of other seeds.
During cleaning, the vacuum degree in the separation cavity 13 is 20kpa; in the embodiment, the vacuum degree is 20kpa, the seeds are easily damaged due to overlarge negative pressure, and the seeds and the crown hairs cannot be separated to achieve the cleaning effect due to the overlarge negative pressure.
The fine cleaning adopts a seed separator to remove empty and shriveled seeds, worm-eaten seeds and residues to obtain full seeds; in this embodiment, the structure of the seed separator is shown in fig. 2, and includes a hopper 1, a sample conveyer belt 2, a switch 3, a wind knob 4, an air inlet 5, a full seed box 7, a empty and flat seed box 6; the seeds passing through the hopper 1 and the sample conveyer belt 2 are separated into full seeds and empty and flat residues under the action of wind. The rotating speed of a fan of the seed separator is 20Hz; the rotating speed of the fan is set to be proper, so that seeds, empty seeds and residues can be separated conveniently.
The step of drying the capsule comprises the following steps: spreading newspaper in a ventilated frame, spreading the capsule, covering the top of the frame with the newspaper, and placing the frame in a drying room; newspaper is laid in the breathable frame to prevent seeds from falling off, the top of the breathable frame is tightly covered by the newspaper to prevent waste gas of crown hair, and when the inside of a drying piece is dried, fruits need to be turned frequently to facilitate full drying.
The temperature of the drying room is 15 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 15 +/-1%; populus diversifolia seeds are easy to lose water and lose germination capacity, and the temperature and humidity in a drying room need to be strictly controlled so as to avoid water loss and inactivation of the seeds in the drying process.
The method specifically comprises the steps of screening qualified seeds through microscopic examination under an anatomical microscope, wherein the cleanliness of the seeds reaches 100%, the plumping rate reaches 95%, the seeds are regarded as qualified after cleaning, and if the cleanliness of the seeds does not reach the requirements, fine cleaning is repeated; and filling the cleaned seeds into paper bags, recording, and placing in a drying room for later use.
Example 5: influence of different cleaning modes of populus diversifolia seeds on germination rate
Experimental example: populus diversifolia seeds were cleaned in the same manner as in example 4.
Comparative example 1: the populus diversifolia seeds of the comparative example were uncleaned populus diversifolia seeds, i.e., seeds with canopy hairs. Due to the canopies, the poplar catkins fly away, the poplar catkins are easy to pollute and not easy to sow, and the poplar catkins have large volume (250-500 times of the net seed volume) and are not easy to store.
Comparative example 2: the comparative example was hand sorted, i.e. the crow hair was manually removed, yielding clean populus diversifolia seeds. The method is not easy to damage the cleaned seeds, the vigor of the cleaned populus diversifolia seeds is very high, but the time is too long, and the cleaning time of the populus diversifolia seeds with the same amount is more than 20 times of that of the experimental example. Meanwhile, the salicaceae family is a short-lived seed, so the cleaning method is not applicable.
Comparative example 3: populus diversifolia seeds were cleaned in the same manner as in example 4, except that the crown hairs were separated by rubbing using a screen and a rubber stopper instead of negative pressure suction, a stainless steel screen having a hole diameter of 2.36-3.35mm, which is larger than the diameter of the Populus diversifolia seeds, was selected according to the size of the Populus diversifolia seeds, and the stainless steel screen and a bottom plate were overlapped to place the fruit, which had been completely cracked, therein, with the bottom plate. And then the seeds and the crown hairs are rubbed by a rubber plug to be split, the threshed seeds fall into the chassis through the screen to further achieve the purpose of cleaning, and the seeds and the crown hairs are completely split and then enter a seed separator to be finely separated.
To compare the impact of different cleaning methods on poplar seed vigor, vigor tests were performed: randomly sampling the cleaned seeds in the examples and the comparative examples, and extracting 100 seeds from each sample for 3 times; the same germination conditions were selected for viability detection.
And (3) data analysis: the SPSS 16.0 software is used for analyzing the germination rate data of sampled populus diversifolia seeds, one-Way ANOVA is used for variance analysis, and the S-N-K method is used for carrying out multiple comparisons on the germination rates of the populus diversifolia seeds obtained by different cleaning methods, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of different ways of cleaning Populus euphratica seeds on germination rate
Item Cleaning method Amount of cleaning (granule) Time consuming to clean (hours) Cleaning afterbody Product (ml) Number of experiments (particle x) Number of repetitions) Germination Rate (%) Advantages and disadvantages of the invention
Examples of the experiments Negative pressure cleaning 10000 1-2 2 100 x3 100.00±0 The time consumption is short, the activity of the seeds is high,obtaining clean seeds, The volume is small.
Comparative example 1 Not cleaned Seed of corn 10000 0 500-1000 100 x3 100.00±0 Easy to pollute with crown hair, not easy to sow and small in volume It is not easy to preserve.
Comparative example 2 Manual sorting 10000 40-50 2 100 x3 98.99±0.01 Long time consumption and high seed activity, and the clean seeds are obtained.
Comparative example 3 Kneading and cleaning 10000 3-4 2 100 x3 66.00±0.04 Long time, serious damage to the seeds and alive seeds The force is low, and clean seeds are obtained.
Note: the germination rate is the average value plus or minus standard error
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the method for cleaning diversifolious poplar seeds in the example not only saves cleaning time and storage space, but also obviously improves germination rate, and shows that the method for cleaning diversifolious poplar seeds provided by the invention has a good treatment effect.
Example 6: influence of different cleaning modes of Chinese white poplar seeds on germination rate
Experimental example: populus tomentosa seeds were cleaned in the same manner as in example 4.
Comparative example 1: the populus tomentosa seeds of the present comparative example were uncleaned populus tomentosa seeds, i.e., seeds with cap hairs. As the cotton wool is worn, the cotton wool flies, is easy to pollute and is not easy to sow.
Comparative example 2: the comparative example adopts manual sorting, namely, manually removing the crown hairs to obtain the clean Chinese white poplar seeds. The method for cleaning the seeds is not easy to damage, the vitality of the cleaned Chinese white poplar seeds is very high, but the time consumption is too long, and the cleaning time of the Chinese white poplar seeds with the same amount is more than 20 times of that of the experimental example. Meanwhile, the salicaceae is a short-lived seed, so the cleaning method is not applicable.
Comparative example 3: the chinese white poplar seeds were cleaned in the same manner as in example 4 except that the crown-cap separation was performed not by negative pressure suction but by rubbing with a screen and a rubber stopper, a stainless steel screen having an appropriate diameter, which is larger than the diameter of the chinese white poplar seeds, was selected according to the size of the chinese white poplar seeds, the stainless steel screen was overlapped with a bottom tray, and the fruit that had been completely cracked was placed therein, and the bottom tray was the bottom tray. Then the Chinese white poplar seeds and the crown hairs are broken by rubbing with a rubber stopper, the threshed Chinese white poplar seeds fall into a chassis through a screen to achieve the purpose of cleaning, and the Chinese white poplar seeds and the crown hairs are completely split and then enter a seed separator for fine separation.
To compare the impact of different cleaning methods on the vigor of populus tomentosa seeds, vigor tests need to be performed: randomly sampling the cleaned seeds in the examples and the comparative examples, and extracting 100 seeds from each sample for 3 times; the same germination conditions were selected for viability detection.
And (3) data analysis: the SPSS 16.0 software is used for analyzing the germination rate data of the sampled Chinese white poplar seeds, one-Way ANOVA is used for variance analysis, and the S-N-K method is used for carrying out multiple comparisons on the germination rates of the Chinese white poplar seeds obtained by different cleaning methods, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 2 influence of different cleaning modes of Chinese white poplar seeds on germination rate
Item Cleaning method Amount of cleaning (granule) Time consuming to clean (small) Time) Volume after cleaning （ml） Experiment number (particle x repeat number) Germination Rate (%) Advantages and disadvantages of the invention
Examples of the experiments Negative pressure cleaning 10000 1-2 2 100 x3 100.00±0 Short time consumption and high seed activity The seed is clean and the volume is small.
Comparative example 1 Not cleaned Seed(s) 10000 0 500-1000 100 x3 100.00±0 Easy to be polluted and difficult to be polluted with the corolla Seeding, large volume and difficult preservation.
Comparative example 2 Hand sorting 10000 40-50 2 100 x3 100±0.01 Long time consumption and high seed activity To clean the seeds.
Comparative example 3 Kneading and cleaning 10000 3-4 2 100 x3 76.00± 0.04 Long time consumption and severe damage of seeds Heavy, low seed activity, and obtain Jingjing And (4) seeds.
Note: germination rate is mean value. + -. Standard error
The results in table 2 show that the method for cleaning Chinese white poplar seeds in the embodiment not only saves cleaning time and storage space, but also obviously improves germination rate, which indicates that the method for cleaning Chinese white poplar seeds provided by the invention has good treatment effect.
Example 7: influence of different cleaning modes of Salix lacryma seeds on germination rate
Experimental example: salix longipedunculata seeds were cleaned in the same manner as in example 4.
Comparative example 1: the salix pedunculata seeds of the comparative example are not cleaned, namely seeds with crown hair. As the cotton wool is worn, the cotton wool flies, is easy to pollute and is not easy to sow.
Comparative example 2: the comparative example adopts manual sorting, namely, the crown hair is manually removed, and the clean salix longicornuta seeds are obtained. The method for cleaning the seeds is not easy to damage, the vitality of the cleaned long-spike willow seeds is very high, but the time consumption is too long, and the cleaning time of the long spike Liu Chongzi in the same amount is more than 20 times of that of the experimental example. Meanwhile, the salicaceae is a short-lived seed, so the cleaning method is not applicable.
Comparative example 3: the Salix lacustris seeds are cleaned in the same manner as in example 4, except that the method for separating the crown hairs does not adopt negative pressure suction, but adopts a screen and a rubber plug to rub and clean, a stainless steel screen with a proper aperture is selected according to the size of the Salix lacustris seeds, the aperture is larger than the diameter of the Salix lacustris seeds, the stainless steel screen and a chassis are overlapped, the completely cracked fruits are placed in the stainless steel screen, and the lowest layer is the chassis. And rubbing by using a rubber plug to split the Salix lacusta seeds and the crown hairs, enabling the threshed Salix lacusta seeds to fall into the chassis through the screen to further achieve the purpose of cleaning, and enabling the Salix lacusta seeds and the crown hairs to be completely split and then to enter a seed separator for fine separation.
In order to compare the influence of different cleaning methods on the viability of the salix longipes seeds, viability detection needs to be carried out: randomly sampling the cleaned seeds in the examples and the comparative examples, and extracting 100 seeds from each sample for 3 times; the same germination conditions were selected for viability detection.
And (3) data analysis: the germination rate data of the sampled salix longipes seeds are analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software, variance analysis is carried out by One-Way ANOVA, and the germination rates of the salix longipes seeds obtained by different cleaning methods are subjected to multiple comparison by an S-N-K method, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of different cleaning modes of Salix paradoxa seeds on germination rate
Item Cleaning method Cleaning amount (particle) Time consuming to clean (hours) Volume after cleaning （ml） Number of experiments (particle x) Number of repetitions) Germination Rate (%) Advantages and disadvantages of the invention
Examples of the experiments Negative pressure cleaning 10000 1-2 2 100 x3 100.00±0 Short time consumption and high seed activity, and the obtained product Seed cleaning and small volume.
Comparative example 1 Seeds not cleaned Seed of Japanese apricot 10000 0 500-800 100 x3 100.00±0 With crown hair, easy pollution and difficult sowing The seed is large in size and difficult to preserve.
Comparative example 2 Manual sorting 10000 50-60 2 100 x3 100±0.01 Long time consumption and high seed activity to obtain And (4) seed cleaning.
Comparative example 3 Rubbing and cleaning 10000 3-4 2 100 x3 88.00±0.04 The time consumption is long, the seeds are seriously damaged, the seed vitality is low, and the net seed is obtained.
Note: the germination rate is the average value plus or minus standard error
The results in table 3 show that the method for cleaning the salix longicornus seeds in the embodiment not only saves cleaning time and storage space, but also obviously improves germination rate, and the method for cleaning the salix longicornus seeds provided by the invention has a good treatment effect.
Example 8: influence of different cleaning modes of salix yunnanensis seeds on germination rate
Experimental example: the Yunnan willow seeds were cleaned in the same way as in example 4.
Comparative example 1: the salix pedunculata seeds of the comparative example are not cleaned salix yunnanensis seeds, namely seeds with crown hairs. As the cotton wool is worn, the cotton wool flies, is easy to pollute and is not easy to sow.
Comparative example 2: the comparative example adopts manual sorting, namely, the crown hair is manually removed, and the clean Yunnan willow seeds are obtained. The method for cleaning the seeds is not easy to damage, the vitality of the cleaned Yunnan willow seeds is very high, but the time consumption is too long, and the cleaning time of the same amount of Yunnan willow seeds is more than 20 times of that of the experimental example. Meanwhile, the salicaceae is a short-lived seed, so the cleaning method is not applicable.
Comparative example 3: the method is characterized in that the method for separating the crow hair is not negative pressure suction, but is a rubbing cleaning method by using a screen and a rubber plug, a stainless steel screen with a proper aperture is selected according to the size of the Yunnan willow seeds, the aperture is larger than the diameter of the Yunnan willow seeds, the stainless steel screen and a chassis are overlapped, the completely cracked fruits are placed in the stainless steel screen, and the lowest layer is the chassis. And rubbing with a rubber plug to split the Yunnan willow seeds and the crown hairs, dropping the threshed Yunnan willow seeds into the chassis through a screen to achieve the purpose of cleaning, and allowing the Yunnan willow seeds and the crown hairs to be completely split and enter a seed separator for fine separation.
In order to compare the influence of different cleaning methods on the vitality of the salix yunnanensis seeds, vitality detection needs to be carried out: randomly sampling the cleaned seeds in the examples and the comparative examples, and extracting 100 seeds from each sample for 3 times; the same germination conditions were selected for viability detection.
And (3) data analysis: the germination rate data of the sampled salix yunnanensis seeds are analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software, variance analysis is carried out by One-Way ANOVA, and the germination rates of the salix yunnanensis seeds obtained by different cleaning methods are subjected to multiple comparison by an S-N-K method, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of different cleaning methods of Salix purpurea seeds on germination rate
Item Cleaning method Amount of cleaning (granule) Time consuming to clean (hours) Volume after cleaning （ml） Number of experiments (particle x) Number of repetitions) Germination Rate (%) Advantages and disadvantages of the invention
Examples of the experiments Negative pressure cleaning 10000 1-2 2 100 x3 100.00±0 Short time consumption, high seed activity, and obtaining clean seeds, The volume is small.
Comparative example 1 Not cleaned Seed of corn 10000 0 500-800 100 x3 99.00±0 Easy to pollute with crown hair, not easy to sow and its volume It is not easy to preserve.
Comparative example 2 Manual sorting 10000 50-60 2 100 x3 98±0.01 Long time consumption and high seed activity, and the clean seeds are obtained.
Comparative example 3 Kneading and cleaning 10000 3-4 2 100 x3 38.00±0.04 Long time, seriously damaged seeds and high activity Low, net seeds are obtained.
Note: germination rate is mean value. + -. Standard error
The results in table 4 show that the method for cleaning the salix yunnanensis seeds in the embodiment not only saves cleaning time and storage space, but also obviously improves germination rate, and shows that the method for cleaning the salix yunnanensis seeds provided by the invention has a good treatment effect.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A cleaning method for effectively improving the vitality of seeds in the family Salicaceae is characterized by comprising the following steps: drying capsules until the capsules crack, observing by microscopic examination, separating seeds with crown hairs, sucking and separating the crown hairs by negative pressure, finely cleaning, and screening qualified seeds by microscopic examination; in the step of separating the crown hair by negative pressure suction, a negative pressure cleaning device is adopted to separate the crown hair from the seeds to obtain full seeds without the crown hair;
the negative pressure cleaning device comprises a receiving disc, a first sieve disc, a second sieve disc, a negative pressure generating unit and a suction nozzle part; the bearing disc is used for receiving the seeds without the crown hairs; the second sieve tray is movably arranged on the bearing tray; the first sieve tray is movably arranged on the second sieve tray; a separation cavity is formed between the first sieve tray and the second sieve tray; the suction mouth part is arranged above the first sieve tray and is connected with the negative pressure generating unit; after the negative pressure suction effect above the first sieve tray is achieved, seeds and crown hairs in the separation cavity can be split, and the crown hairs can be sucked and taken away by the suction nozzle through the first sieve tray;
during cleaning, the vacuum degree in the separation cavity is 15-30kpa;
the aperture of the first sieve tray is smaller than the diameter of the seeds; the aperture of the second sieve tray is larger than the diameter of the seeds and smaller than the diameter of the seeds with the crown hair.
2. The cleaning method for effectively improving the vigor of the seeds of the salicaceae family according to claim 1, wherein: and the fine cleaning adopts a seed separator to remove empty and shriveled seeds, worm-eaten seeds and residues to obtain full seeds.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the speed of the fan of the seed separator is 15-22Hz.
4. The cleaning method for improving the vitality of seeds of Salicaceae family according to claim 1, wherein the step of drying the capsule comprises: spreading newspaper in a ventilated frame, spreading the capsule, covering the top of the frame with newspaper, and placing in a drying room.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the temperature of the drying chamber is 15 ± 1 ℃ and the humidity is 15 ± 1%.
6. The cleaning method for effectively improving the vigor of the salicaceae seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the screening of the qualified seeds by microscopic examination comprises the specific steps of performing microscopic examination under a dissecting microscope to determine that the seeds are qualified for cleaning when the seed purity reaches 100% and the full rate reaches 95%, and repeating fine cleaning if the seed purity does not reach the requirement; and filling the cleaned seeds into paper bags, and placing the paper bags in a drying room for later use after recording.
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