CN114979013A - Multimode service-oriented transmission mode selection and resource allocation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-mode service-oriented transmission mode selection and resource allocation method, which belongs to the field of wireless communication and comprises the steps of classifying multi-mode services and selecting a corresponding transmission mode according to the multi-mode service type of a user; estimating the bandwidth required by the audio and video stream and/or setting an end-to-end time delay threshold of the tactile signal according to the transmission mode; calculating channel gain according to the state information of the equipment, and estimating the queue state according to the average arrival rate of the data packets and the service rate of the equipment; the appropriate transmission links and resources are allocated for each pair of users' audiovisual and tactile signals by the NSGA3 algorithm. The method of the invention designs 3 transmission modes based on different multi-mode services, flexibly selects proper links for each pair of users through mode selection and resource allocation to transmit heterogeneous signals, thereby solving the problem of large difference of multi-mode signal requirements and realizing higher bandwidth satisfaction rate and lower average end-to-end time delay.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of audio-visual touch signal transmission, in particular to a multi-modal service-oriented transmission mode selection and resource allocation method.
Background
The existing audio-video multimedia service can basically meet the audio-video requirements of users, so more and more users want to obtain sensory experience except audio-video, such as touch. Some research has begun to incorporate haptic communication into streaming media communication services, a new type of service known as multimodal services.
The multi-mode service is mainly based on a wireless network, audio, video and touch data need to be transmitted between user pairs, the transmission method of the traditional wireless cellular network is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of audio and video in the multi-mode service on high throughput and touch stream on low delay and high reliability, the audio and video, especially the video, comprises a large number of pictures, and the pictures are composed of massive pixel points, so that the transmission of the audio and video and the touch stream needs high channel capacity. Image data often occupies most resources of a queue, so that the time for the tactile signals to wait in the queue is long, and the queuing delay is obviously increased; the haptic stream also occupies a part of the bandwidth of the device, thereby reducing the transmission rate of the audio and video.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above and/or the problems occurring in the existing methods for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for a multi-modal service.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a multi-mode service-oriented transmission mode selection and resource allocation method comprises the steps of classifying multi-mode services, and selecting a corresponding transmission mode according to a multi-mode service type of a user; estimating the bandwidth required by the audio and video stream and/or setting an end-to-end time delay threshold of the tactile signal according to the transmission mode; calculating channel gain according to the state information of the equipment; the appropriate transmission links and resources are allocated for each pair of users' audiovisual and tactile signals by the NSGA3 algorithm.
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services, the method comprises the following steps: dividing the multi-mode service into an audio and video dominant service, a touch dominant service and an equivalent important service; the transmission mode comprises a mode A corresponding to the audio and video dominant service, a mode B corresponding to the touch dominant service and a mode C corresponding to the same important service.
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services, the method comprises the following steps: the step of estimating the required audio-visual bandwidth is as follows,
assuming that the arrival flow of the audio and video accords with the parting Brownian motion in the time period of 0-t,
in the formula, A j (t) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user to j, t represents the current time, m j Mean value, a, representing the audio-video arrival flow of user pair j j Coefficient of variance, Hu, representing the audio-video arrival flow of user pair j j Expressing Hurst parameter of j audio and video stream of a user, wherein the parameter is used for describing long memorability of the arrival flow of the audio and video, and Z jt Representing a mean of 0, a Hurst parameter between 0 and 1, and a variance of
Standard typing brownian motion of; queue of user pair j's bufferThe length is as follows:
X j (t)＝sup s≤t (A j (t)-A j (s)-R j (t-s))
wherein s represents an arbitrary time at which t is not more than t, A j (t) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user pair j at 0-t, A j (s) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user pair j at 0-s, R j Representing the audio and video stream transmission bandwidth of the user pair j;
buffer queue length X for user pair j j (t) is greater than the service area buffer length x j The probability of (c) is:
let the packet loss rate epsilon j ＝P{X j (t)>x j The j audio and video stream buffering queue overflow probability of the user is equal to that of the j audio and video stream buffering queue, and the transmission bandwidth of the j audio and video stream of the user is as follows:
in the formula, R video (j) Representing the final predicted audio-video bandwidth of the user pair j.
The steps of setting the time delay threshold required for a haptic signal are as follows,
setting a delay threshold T for haptic signals to satisfy smooth perception haptic (j) The time delay of the haptic signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end should not be greater than the threshold.
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services, the method comprises the following steps: when the user selects the mode A for the j, the channel capacity of the audio and video transmission link is not less than the predicted bandwidth R video (j) (ii) a When the user selects mode B for j, the haptic flow delay is not greater than the end-to-end delay threshold T haptic (j) (ii) a When the user selects the mode C for the j, the channel capacity of the audio and video transmission link is not less than the predicted bandwidth R video (j) And tactile streaming delayNot greater than end delay threshold T haptic (j)。
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services, the method comprises the following steps: calculating the channel gain according to the state information of the device includes the steps of,
collecting distance information of equipment in the system and calculating channel gain;
the expression for the path loss between devices is:
in the formula, ω dB Represents the path loss between devices, h BS Representing the height of the base station, d representing the distance between the devices, f c Represents a carrier frequency;
the expression for the total path loss between devices is:
PL dB ＝ω dB (d)+log(X u )-α dB
in the formula, PL dB Representing the total path loss, X, between devices u Represents the standard deviation of the log-normal shadow fading, alpha dB Represents the antenna gain;
the channel gain expression between devices is:
wherein G represents a channel gain between devices;
the channel gains used hereinafter are all calculated by this equation.
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services in the present invention, the method comprises: assigning the appropriate transmission link and resources for each pair of users' audiovisual and tactile signals by the NSGA3 algorithm includes the steps of,
calculating a channel capacity of the communication link;
calculating the end-to-end time delay of the communication link;
modeling link selection, path optimization and resource allocation problems of a user pair as a multi-target optimization problem with constraints, respectively taking the total audio and video link rate of the business mode A and the mode C, the average touch time delay of the mode B and the mode C, the total system throughput and the system energy utilization rate as targets, and taking audio and video bandwidth and a touch time delay threshold value as constraints to establish a model;
selecting a user which is farthest from a user to a transmitting end, is not used as a multiplexing object by other users, and is communicated with a base station as the multiplexing object, solving a model through an NSGA3 algorithm, and after a certain round of iteration, removing a constraint and a corresponding link from calculation when the link does not meet the constraint, and finally obtaining a transmission strategy and a resource allocation result of a system multi-mode service user; if the channel capacity of a link for transmitting audio and video is still smaller than the predicted bandwidth in the result obtained by the algorithm, more resource blocks are allocated; preferably, for services with very strict requirements on the time delay of the haptic stream, if the result obtained by the algorithm has a condition that the time delay of a link for transmitting the haptic signal is still higher than a time delay threshold value, a path with the minimum time delay is calculated by a dynamic programming algorithm to serve as a new haptic transmission path.
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services, the method comprises the following steps: the channel capacity of the communication link comprises the channel capacity of audio and video stream transmitted under the cellular link, the channel capacity of the audio and video stream under the direct link, and the channel capacity of the audio and video under the multiplexing link.
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services, the method comprises the following steps: the channel capacity for j transmissions over the cellular link is calculated by the following equation,
R cellular (j) representing the channel capacity of the user pair j cellular link, B (j) representing the channel bandWidth, P T (j) Indicating the transmit power, P, of the transmitting end B Which represents the transmit power of the base station,
indicating the channel gain from the transmitting end to the base station,
representing the channel gain, n, from the base station to the receiving end 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted under the direct link is calculated by the following formula,
R direct (j) representing the channel capacity of the user for transmission under j direct links, B (j) representing the channel bandwidth, P T (j) Which indicates the transmission power of the transmitting end,
denotes the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end, n 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted on the multiplexed link is calculated by the following formula,
R reuse (j) representing the channel capacity under the user pair j multiplexing link, B (j) representing the channel bandwidth, P T (j) Which indicates the transmission power of the transmitting end,
indicating the channel gain, P, from the transmitting end to the receiving end C (j) Representing the transmit power of the user multiplexed by user pair j,
representing the interference loss of the multiplexed user, n 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted under the relay link is calculated by the following formula,
R relay (j)＝min{R relay_1 (j),R relay_2 (j),…,R relay_hop (j)}
R relay (j) representing the channel capacity under the user's j relay link, hop representing the number of hops of the haptic streaming path, R relay_1 (j),R relay_2 (j),…,R relay_hop (j) Respectively representing the channel capacity of each hop in the link, and calculating each hop by adopting a direct link channel capacity formula.
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services, the method comprises the following steps: the end-to-end delay of user pair j is calculated by the following formula,
T(j)＝T sendout (j)+T queuing (j)
in the formula, T sendout (j)、T queuing (j) Respectively representing the transmission delay and the queuing delay of the user to j.
As a preferred scheme of the method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for multi-modal services, the method comprises the following steps: the total system throughput is calculated by the following equation,
where, throughput denotes the total throughput of the system, β is a selection parameter, the link is selected when β is 1, is not selected when β is 0, and β is 1 (j)+β 2 (j) 1, the audio and video stream representing the audio and video leading service user pair must be selected in the direct link and the cellular link; beta is a 3 (j)+β 4 (j) A haptic stream representing a haptic dominant service user pair must choose between a direct link and a relay link; beta is a 5 (j)+β 6 (j) 1, the audio and video stream representing the important service user pair such as audio and video touch is necessarily in a direct linkMaking a selection between a road and a cellular link; beta is a beta 7 (j)+β 8 (j) A haptic stream representing a pair of audio-visual-touch-like equally important service users must make a selection between a direct link and a relay link. N1, N2 and N3 represent the user logarithm of three services, R represents the channel capacity, the superscripts 1, 2 and 3 respectively represent audio and video dominant service, touch dominant service and equivalent important service, the subscript direct represents a direct link, cellular represents a cellular link, reuse represents a multiplex link, and relay represents a relay link; v denotes audio-video stream, H denotes haptic stream.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 3 transmission modes are designed based on different multi-mode services, and the mode selection and resource allocation are adopted to flexibly select proper links for users communicating with each other to transmit heterogeneous signals, so that the problem of large difference of multi-mode signal requirements is solved, and higher bandwidth satisfaction rate and lower queuing delay can be realized.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a system flowchart of a method for selecting a transmission mode and allocating resources for a multi-modal service in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is an algorithm diagram of a transmission mode selection and resource allocation method for multi-modal services in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a comparison graph of average bandwidth satisfaction rates of audio and video streams of an audio and video dominant service user pair in the transmission mode selection and resource allocation method oriented to a multi-modal service in the embodiment 2, and in the existing single cellular mode transmission method.
Fig. 4 is a comparison graph of average bandwidth satisfaction rates of audio and video streams of user pairs of important services such as audio and video contacts in embodiment 2 under a multimode service-oriented transmission mode selection and resource allocation method and an existing single cellular mode transmission method.
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the average delay of the haptic flow of the haptic dominant service user pair in the transmission mode selection and resource allocation method oriented to the multi-modal service in the embodiment 2 with the existing single cellular mode transmission method.
Fig. 6 is a comparison graph of average delay of haptic flow of the user pair of the audio-visual-touch-like important service in the transmission mode selection and resource allocation method oriented to the multi-modal service in comparison with the existing single-cellular mode transmission method in example 2.
Fig. 7 is a comparison graph of the total system throughput of the multi-modal service user group in the multi-modal service oriented transmission mode selection and resource allocation method in embodiment 2 compared with the total system throughput of the conventional single cellular mode transmission method.
Fig. 8 is a comparison graph of energy utilization ratio of the multi-modal service user group in the multi-modal service oriented transmission mode selection and resource allocation method in the embodiment 2 compared with the existing single cellular mode transmission method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal service, which is suitable for a single-base-station single-cell scenario. The method for selecting the transmission mode and allocating the resources facing the multi-mode service comprises the following steps:
s1: classifying the multi-mode services, and selecting a corresponding transmission mode according to the multi-mode service type of the user pair;
s2: estimating the bandwidth required by the audio and video stream and/or setting an end-to-end time delay threshold of the tactile signal according to the transmission mode;
s3: calculating channel gain according to the state information of the equipment;
s4: the appropriate transmission links and resources are assigned to each pair of users' audiovisual and tactile signals by the NSGA3 algorithm.
Specifically, in step S1, the multi-modal service is divided into an audio/video dominant service, a haptic dominant service, and an equivalent important service, and the classification criterion is a perception degree of a human to a modality in the service. For example, in the VR service, if human perception of audio and video is dominant, the service is divided into multi-mode service with dominant audio and video; in the teleoperation service, if the perception of human touch is dominant, the service is divided into multi-mode service with dominant touch; in human-computer interaction service, immersive experience must be ensured in all directions, and the service is divided into multi-mode service with equal importance of audio and video and touch.
The transmission mode comprises a mode A corresponding to the audio and video dominant service, a mode B corresponding to the touch dominant service and a mode C corresponding to the same important service. In the mode A, audio and video and touch are divided into two paths for transmission, and audio and video streams can be directly transmitted or relayed by a base station for transmission according to channel capacity. The haptic flow multiplexes the uplink of the unidirectional user for transmission; and in the mode B, audio and video and touch are transmitted in two paths, the multi-mode service dominated by touch has higher requirements on end-to-end time delay, and the touch stream can be directly transmitted and can also be used as a relay for a user communicating with a base station in a system to find a route meeting the time delay requirement. Multiplexing audio and video and transmitting the uplink of a user communicating with the base station; in the mode C, audio and video and touch are divided into two paths for transmission, so that a high-capacity link is selected for the audio and video, and a low-delay route is searched for a touch signal.
In step S2, it includes the following specific steps:
s21, estimating audio and video bandwidth of the service with high audio and video priority (such as audio and video leading service), wherein the mode A corresponding to the service requires that the channel capacity of the audio and video transmission link is not less than the predicted bandwidth R video (j) In that respect Assuming that in the time period of 0-t, the arrival flow of the audio and video conforms to the parting brownian motion:
in the formula, A j (t) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user to j, t represents the current time, m j Mean value, a, representing the audio-video arrival flow of user pair j j Coefficient of variance, Hu, representing the audio-video arrival flow of user pair j j Expressing Hurst parameter of j audio and video stream of a user, wherein the parameter is used for describing long memorability of the arrival flow of the audio and video, and Z jt Representing a mean of 0, a Hurst parameter between 0 and 1, and a variance of
Standard typing brownian motion of;
the queue length of the buffer of user pair j is:
X j (t)＝sup s≤t (A j (t)-A j (s)-R j (t-s))
wherein s represents an arbitrary time at which t is not more than t, A j (t) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user pair j at 0-t, A j (s) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user pair j at 0-s, R j Representing the audio and video stream transmission bandwidth of the user pair j;
the steps of setting the time delay threshold required for a haptic signal are as follows,
setting a delay threshold T for haptic signals to satisfy smooth perception haptic (j) The time delay of the haptic signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end should not be greater than the threshold.
Buffer queue length X for user pair j j (t) is greater than the service area buffer length x j The probability of (c) is:
let the packet loss rate epsilon j ＝P{X j (t)>x j The j audio and video stream buffering queue overflow probability of the user is equal to that of the j audio and video stream buffering queue, and the transmission bandwidth of the user to the j is as follows:
then there are further:
in the formula, R video (j) And representing the finally predicted audio-video bandwidth of the user pair j.
S22, setting an end-to-end time delay threshold T for the service with high tactile priority (such as the dominant tactile service) haptic (j) The mode B corresponding to the service requires that the time delay of the tactile stream is not more than the end time delay threshold value T haptic (j)。
S23, for the services (such as the important services) with the same importance of audio and video and touch, the mode C corresponding to the services requires that the channel capacity of the audio and video transmission link is not less than the predicted bandwidth R video (j) And the haptic flow delay is not greater than the end delay threshold T haptic (j)。
In step S3, it includes the following specific steps:
and S31, collecting distance information of the devices in the system, measuring the distance between the devices, and calculating the channel gain.
The expression for the path loss between devices is:
in the formula, ω dB Represents the path loss between devices, h BS Representing the height of the base station, d representing the distance between the devices, f c Represents a carrier frequency;
the expression for the total path loss between devices is:
PL dB ＝ω dB (d)+log(X u )-α dB
in the formula, PL dB Representing the total path loss, X, between devices u Represents the standard deviation of the log-normal shadow fading, alpha dB Represents the antenna gain;
the channel gain expression between devices is:
wherein G represents a channel gain between devices;
the channel gains used hereinafter are all calculated by this equation.
In step S4, it includes the following specific steps:
and S41, calculating the channel capacity of the communication link. The channel capacity of the communication link comprises channel capacity of cellular link transmission, channel capacity of direct link, channel capacity of multiplexing link and channel capacity of relay link. Wherein, the channel capacity transmitted by j under the cellular link is calculated by the following formula,
R cellular (j) denotes the channel capacity of the user pair j cellular link, B (j) denotes the channel bandwidth, P T (j) Indicating the transmit power, P, of the transmitting end B Which represents the transmit power of the base station,
indicates the channel gain from the transmitting end to the base station,
representing the channel gain, n, from the base station to the receiving end 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted under the direct link is calculated by the following formula,
R direct (j) represents the channel capacity of the user for the transmission under j direct link, B (j) represents the channel bandwidth, P T (j) Which indicates the transmission power of the transmitting end,
denotes the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end, n 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted on the multiplexed link is calculated by the following formula,
R reuse (j) representing the channel capacity under the user pair j multiplexing link, B (j) representing the channel bandwidth, P T (j) Which indicates the transmission power of the transmitting end,
indicating the channel gain, P, from the transmitting end to the receiving end C (j) Representing the transmit power of the user multiplexed by user pair j,
representing the interference loss of the multiplexed user, n 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted under the relay link is calculated by the following formula,
R relay (j)＝min{R relay_1 (j),R relay_2 (j),…,R relay_hop (j)}
R relay (j) representing the channel capacity under the user's j relay link, hop representing the number of hops of the haptic streaming path, R relay_1 (j),R relay_2 (j),…,R relay_hop (j) Respectively representing the channel capacity of each hop in the link, and calculating each hop by adopting a direct link channel capacity formula.
S42, calculating an end-to-end delay of the communication link, where in the middle and short range communication, the end-to-end delay is expressed as:
T(j)＝T sendout (j)+T queueing (j)
in the formula, T sendout (j)、T queueing (j) Respectively representing the transmission delay and the queuing delay of the haptic stream data packet of j by the user.
The transmission delay is the time required for transmitting data, L (j) represents the average length of the haptic flow data packet of j of the user, k and l represent the devices passing through in sequence on the haptic flow transmission path, and R kl (j) Indicating the link transmission rate from device k to device l, then,
T sendout (j) representing the transmission delay of the haptic stream data packet of j by the user, hop represents the hop number of the haptic stream data packet on the path.
Queuing delay is related to the order in which packets arrive at the queue and is expressed as the average queuing delay. Then there is a change in the number of,
wherein, T queueing (j) Representing the average queuing delay of the user for the haptic stream packets of j. hop indicates the number of hops on the path of the haptic stream packet,the hop count is determined by the user pair distance; l (j) represents the average size of the haptic stream packets, k and l represent devices passing in sequence on the haptic stream transmission path, with R kl (j) Indicating the link transmission rate, λ, of device k to device l k (j) Represents the average arrival rate, μ, of packets of haptic stream data k (j) Representing the service rate of device k.
Average arrival rate lambda of data packets k Means the number of packets arriving at the queue of the device per second, the service rate mu of the device k Meaning the capability of the device to process packets, the average arrival rate λ of packets for j by the user k (j) As calculated by the following formula,
in the formula, R haptic (j) Represents the haptic stream arrival rate of user pair j, l (j) represents the average size of haptic stream packets;
service rate mu of a device k (j) As calculated by the following formula,
in the formula, R kl (j) Represents the haptic streaming rate of device k to device l on the j transmission link by the user, l (j) represents the average size of the haptic stream packets;
wherein k and l represent devices which are passed by the haptic stream transmission path of the user pair j in sequence from the transmitting end to the receiving end, hop represents the hop number of the haptic stream transmission path, L (j) represents the length of the haptic stream data packet of the user pair j, and R kl (j) Denotes the haptic streaming rate, λ, of device k to device l on the user's j transmission link k (j) Represents the average arrival rate, μ, of packets of haptic flow data k (j) Representing the service rate of device k.
S43, modeling the link selection, path optimization and resource allocation problem of the user as a multi-objective optimization problem with constraints, and respectively establishing models by taking the total audio and video link rate of the business mode A and the mode C, the average time delay of the touch sense of the mode B and the mode C, the total system throughput and the energy utilization rate of the system as the targets and the audio and video bandwidth and the touch sense time delay as the constraints. Preferably, the sum of all link rates of user pairs in the system, i.e. the total throughput of the system, is represented by throughput, which is calculated by the following formula,
where, throughput denotes the total throughput of the system, β is a selection parameter, the link is selected when β is 1, is not selected when β is 0, and β is 1 (j)+β 2 (j) 1, the audio and video stream representing the audio and video leading service user pair must be selected in the direct link and the cellular link; beta is a 3 (j)+β 4 (j) A haptic stream representing a haptic dominant service user pair must choose between a direct link and a relay link; beta is a 5 (j)+β 6 (j) 1, representing audio and video frequency streams of users with important services such as audio and video touch, must be selected from a direct link and a cellular link; beta is a 7 (j)+β 8 (j) A haptic stream representing a pair of audio-visual-touch-like equally important service users must make a selection between a direct link and a relay link. N1, N2 and N3 represent the user logarithm of three services, R represents the channel capacity, the superscripts 1, 2 and 3 respectively represent audio and video dominant service, touch dominant service and equivalent important service, the subscript direct represents a direct link, cellular represents a cellular link, reuse represents a multiplex link, and relay represents a relay link; v denotes audio-video stream, H denotes haptic stream.
The multi-objective optimization model is as follows:
β 1 (j)+β 2 (j)＝1
β 3 (j)+β 4 (j)＝1
β 5 (j)+β 6 (j)＝1
β 7 (j)+β 8 (j)＝1
where β is a selection parameter, the link is selected when β is 1, and is not selected when β is 0. Beta is a 1 (j)+β 2 (j) 1, the audio and video stream representing the audio and video leading service user pair must be selected in a direct link and a cellular link; beta is a beta 3 (j)+β 4 (j) A haptic stream representing a haptic dominant service user pair must choose between a direct link and a relay link; beta is a 5 (j)+β 6 (j) 1, representing audio and video frequency streams of users with important services such as audio and video touch, must be selected from a direct link and a cellular link; beta is a 7 (j)+β 8 (j) A haptic stream representing a pair of audio-visual-touch-like equally important service users must make a selection between a direct link and a relay link. N1, N2 and N3 represent the user logarithm of three services; r represents channel capacity, T represents end-to-end time delay, and through represents system throughput; p V Representing the audio-visual stream transmission power, P H Representing the haptic flow transmission power, P max Represents the maximum transmit power; the superscripts 1, 2 and 3 respectively represent the audio and video leading industryAffairs, a touch leading business and equivalent important business; direct represents a direct link, cellular represents a cellular link, reuse represents a multiplexing link, and relay represents a relay link; r video Representing the minimum bandwidth, T, of the audio-video stream haptic Represents the maximum threshold of the time delay, V represents the link transmitting audio and video, and H represents the link transmitting tactile sensation.
And S44, selecting the user which is farthest from the user to the transmitting end, is not used as a multiplexing object by other users and is communicated with the base station as the multiplexing object, solving the model through an NSGA3 algorithm, and after a certain number of iterations, removing the constraint and the corresponding link from the calculation when the link does not meet the constraint, and finally obtaining the transmission strategy and resource allocation result of the multi-modal service user of the system. If the channel capacity of a link for transmitting audio and video is still smaller than the predicted bandwidth in the result obtained by the algorithm, more resource blocks are allocated; preferably, for services with very strict requirements on the time delay of the haptic stream, if the result obtained by the algorithm has a condition that the time delay of a link for transmitting the haptic signal is still higher than a time delay threshold value, a path with the minimum time delay is calculated by a dynamic programming algorithm to serve as a new haptic transmission path.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3 to 8, a second embodiment of the present invention is based on the last embodiment, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method of the present invention are verified by MatlabR2021b and PyCharm software.
Specifically, the simulation parameters are set as follows: the system comprises 80 users which are communicated with a base station in a one-way mode, 30 pairs of users with multi-mode services, the distances from a sending end to a receiving end are respectively 50m, 100m, 150m, 200m, 250m and 300m, the video resolution is 2K, the touch time delay threshold is 20ms, the average length of a touch stream data packet is 1024 bits, the logarithmic normal shadow fading standard deviation is 8dB, the antenna gain is 4dB, and the carrier frequency is 2 GHZ. Referring to the common indexes in the thesis in the field, the height of a base station is 25m, the maximum emission power of equipment is 25dBm, the noise power is-174 dBm, and the bandwidth of a resource block is 180 KHZ. To analyze the results, the algorithm is compared to a single cellular mode transmission strategy (C-TS).
Fig. 3 and 4 analyze the average bandwidth satisfaction rate of the audio/video stream of the audio/video leading multi-modal service user pair and the audio/video touch equally important multi-modal service user pair. Bandwidth satisfaction rate is the ratio of channel capacity to bandwidth demand. The abscissa represents the satisfaction rate described above, and the ordinate represents the distance between the user pairs. As can be seen from the figure, under the condition of 6 distances, the algorithm proposed by the method is superior to C-TS. The method can allocate a communication link with larger capacity to the audio and video according to the bandwidth constraint, thereby realizing higher bandwidth satisfaction rate.
Fig. 5 and fig. 6 analyze the average time delay of the haptic flow of the haptic dominant multi-modal service user pair and the important multi-modal service user pair of the audio and visual touch. The abscissa represents the average time delay (unit: s) described above, and the ordinate represents the distance between the user pairs. As can be seen from the figure, the time delay of the tactile signal under the method is obviously better than that of C-TS under the condition of different distances. The audio and video and the haptic stream are transmitted separately by the method, and the arrival rate of the data packets waiting for the haptic signal queue is greatly reduced, so that the queuing delay is obviously reduced.
Fig. 7 and 8 analyze the throughput and energy utilization rate of the multi-modal service user group in the communication system. The abscissa represents the distance between the user pairs and the ordinate represents the throughput (unit: Mbit/s) and energy utilization (unit: Mbit/s/w) of the multimodal user group, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 7, the throughput of the method is improved by about one time compared with the C-TS method under different user pair distances. On one hand, the flexible selection of the transmission link can increase the transmission channel capacity to a certain extent; on the other hand, the multi-path transmission gain of the audio and video and the touch realizes higher frequency band utilization rate, and the throughput of the user group is further improved. Despite the use of multiplexing, the overall power consumption of the user group does not significantly increase. As can be seen from fig. 8, the energy utilization of the method is higher than that of C-TS under the same maximum transmit power constraint. This is because the algorithm has energy utilization as one of the optimization objectives, and the transmit power of each device can be flexibly adjusted.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for multi-mode service-oriented transmission mode selection and resource allocation is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
classifying the multi-mode services, and selecting a corresponding transmission mode according to the multi-mode service type of the user pair;
estimating the bandwidth required by the audio and video stream and/or setting an end-to-end time delay threshold of the tactile signal according to the transmission mode;
calculating channel gain according to the state information of the equipment;
the appropriate transmission links and resources are allocated for each pair of users' audiovisual and tactile signals by the NSGA3 algorithm.
2. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal services as claimed in claim 1, wherein: dividing the multi-mode service into audio and video dominant service, touch dominant service, audio and video and touch equivalent important service; the transmission mode comprises a mode A corresponding to the audio and video dominant business, a mode B corresponding to the touch dominant business and a mode C corresponding to the audio and video and touch equivalent important business.
3. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal service as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the step of estimating the required audio-visual bandwidth is as follows,
assuming that the arrival flow of the audio and video accords with the parting brownian motion in the time period of 0-t, the arrival flow is expressed as:
in the formula, A j (t) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user to j, t represents the current time, m j Mean value, a, representing the audio-video arrival flow of user pair j j Coefficient of variance, Hu, representing the audio-video arrival flow of user pair j j Expressing Hurst parameter of j audio and video stream of a user, wherein the parameter is used for describing long memorability of the arrival flow of the audio and video, and Z jt Representing a mean of 0, a Hurst parameter between 0 and 1, a variance of
Standard typing brownian motion of;
the queue length of the audio and video stream buffer area of the j is as follows:
X j (t)＝sup s≤t (A j (t)-A j (s)-R video (j)(t-s))
wherein s represents an arbitrary time at which t is not more than t, A j (t) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user pair j at 0-t, A j (s) represents the audio and video arrival flow of the user pair j at 0-s, R video (j) Representing the audio and video stream transmission bandwidth of the user pair j;
length X of queue of audio and video stream buffer zone of user pair j j (t) is greater than the service area buffer length x j The probability of (c) is:
let the packet loss rate epsilon j ＝P{X j (t)＞x j And equaling the overflow probability of the user to the j audio and video stream buffer queue, the predicted audio and video transmission bandwidth of the user to the j is as follows:
in the formula, R video (j) Audio-video representing the final predicted pair of users jBandwidth.
4. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal service as claimed in claim 3, wherein: when the user selects the mode A for the j, the channel capacity of the audio and video transmission link is not less than the predicted bandwidth R video (j)；
When the user selects mode B for j, the haptic flow delay is not greater than the end-to-end delay threshold T haptic (j)；
When the user selects the mode C for the j, the channel capacity of the audio and video transmission link is not less than the predicted bandwidth R video (j) And the haptic flow delay is not greater than the end delay threshold T haptic (j)。
5. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal services as claimed in claim 4, wherein: calculating the channel gain according to the state information of the device includes the steps of,
collecting distance information of equipment in a communication system and calculating channel gain;
the expression for the path loss between devices is:
in the formula, omega dB Represents the path loss between devices, h BS Representing the height of the base station, d representing the distance between the devices, f c Represents a carrier frequency;
the expression for the total path loss between devices is:
PL dB ＝ω dB (d)+log(X u )-α dB
in the formula, PL dB Representing the total path loss, X, between devices u Represents the standard deviation of the log-normal shadow fading, alpha dB Represents the antenna gain;
the channel gain expression between devices is:
in the formula, G represents a channel gain between devices.
6. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal services as claimed in claim 5, wherein: assigning the appropriate transmission link and resources for each pair of users' audiovisual and tactile signals by the NSGA3 algorithm includes the steps of,
calculating a channel capacity of the communication link;
calculating the end-to-end time delay of the communication link;
modeling link selection, path optimization and resource allocation problems of a user pair as a multi-target optimization problem with constraints, and respectively taking the total audio and video link rate of the business mode A and the mode C, the average touch time delay of the mode B and the mode C, the total system throughput and the system energy utilization rate as targets, and taking audio and video bandwidth and the touch time delay as constraints to establish a model;
selecting a user which is farthest from a user to a transmitting end, is not used as a multiplexing object by other users, and is communicated with a base station as the multiplexing object, solving a model through an NSGA3 algorithm, and after a certain round of iteration, removing a constraint and a corresponding link from calculation when the link does not meet the constraint, and finally obtaining a transmission strategy and a resource allocation result of a system multi-mode service user; if the channel capacity of a link for transmitting audio and video is still smaller than the predicted bandwidth in the result obtained by the algorithm, more resource blocks are allocated; preferably, for services with very strict requirements on the time delay of the haptic stream, if the result obtained by the algorithm has a condition that the time delay of a link for transmitting the haptic signal is still higher than a time delay threshold value, a path with the minimum time delay is calculated by a dynamic programming algorithm to serve as a new haptic transmission path.
7. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal services as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the channel capacity of the communication link comprises channel capacity under a cellular link, channel capacity under a direct link, channel capacity under a multiplexing link and channel capacity under a relay link.
8. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal services as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the channel capacity for j transmitted over the cellular link is calculated by the following formula,
R Cellular (j) representing the channel capacity of the user pair j cellular link, B (j) representing the channel bandwidth, P T (j) Denotes a transmission power of a transmitting end, PB denotes a transmission power of a base station,
indicating the channel gain from the transmitting end to the base station,
representing the channel gain, n, from the base station to the receiving end 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted under the direct link is calculated by the following formula,
R direct (j) representing the channel capacity of the user for transmission under j direct links, B (j) representing the channel bandwidth, P T (j) Which indicates the transmission power of the transmitting end,
representing the channel gain, n, from the transmitting end to the receiving end 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted on the multiplexed link is calculated by the following formula,
R reuse (j) representing the channel capacity under the user pair j multiplexing link, B (j) representing the channel bandwidth, P T (j) Which indicates the transmission power of the transmitting end,
indicating the channel gain, P, from the transmitting end to the receiving end C (j) Representing the transmit power of the users multiplexed by user pair j,
representing the interference loss of the multiplexed user, n 0 Representing additive white gaussian noise;
the channel capacity of j transmitted under the relay link is calculated by the following formula,
R relay (j)＝min{R relay_1 (j)，R relay_2 (j)，...，R relay_hop (j)}
R relay (j) representing the channel capacity under the user's j relay link, hop representing the number of hops of the haptic streaming path, R relay_1 (j)，R relay_2 (j)，...，R relay_hop (j) Respectively representing the channel capacity of each hop in the link, and calculating each hop by adopting a direct link channel capacity formula.
9. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal services as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the end-to-end delay of user pair j is calculated by the following formula,
T(j)＝T sendout (j)+T queueing (j)
in the formula, T sendout (j)、T queueing (j) Respectively representing the transmission delay and the queuing delay.
10. The method for transmission mode selection and resource allocation for multi-modal services according to any of claims 6, 7 and 9, wherein: the total system throughput is calculated by the following equation,
in the formula, throughput represents the total throughput of the system, β is a selection parameter, the link is selected when β is 1, and is not selected when β is 0, N1, N2, and N3 represent the user logarithm of three services, R represents channel capacity, superscripts 1, 2, and 3 represent audio and video dominant services, haptic dominant services, and equally important services, direct represents a direct link, cellular represents a cellular link, reuse represents a multiplex link, relay represents a relay link, V represents audio and video streams, and H represents a haptic stream.
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