CN114957242B - 吡啶并杂环类化合物作为激酶抑制剂的制备及其应用 - Google Patents
吡啶并杂环类化合物作为激酶抑制剂的制备及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114957242B CN114957242B CN202110203701.5A CN202110203701A CN114957242B CN 114957242 B CN114957242 B CN 114957242B CN 202110203701 A CN202110203701 A CN 202110203701A CN 114957242 B CN114957242 B CN 114957242B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,该抑制剂是一类含有多芳香杂环结构的化合物,包括式(I)和(II)所示的化合物或其异构体、稳定同位素衍生物、水合物、溶剂化物、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐,同时公开了该类化合物的制备方法和使用这些新型化合物治疗或者预防Bruton's酪氨酸激酶相关疾病如急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)、套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、大肠癌、类风湿关节炎、抗器官移植排异、抗牛皮癣、红斑狼疮等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成领域,具体涉及一种新型Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂及其制备方法与用途。
背景技术
Bruton's酪氨酸激酶是非受体蛋白酪氨酸激酶Tec家族的成员。Tec家族是人类非受体激酶中仅次于Src家族的第2大家族,其主要成员包括Bruton's酪氨酸激酶、BMX(etk)、ITK、TEC和TXK(PLK)。Bruton's酪氨酸激酶在1993年被确定为人X-连锁无丙种球蛋白血症(X-linked agammaglobulinemia,XLA)中的缺陷蛋白。这种蛋白在B细胞各个发展阶段均有表达(除了最终分化的浆细胞),在前B淋巴细胞过渡为后期B细胞过程中,Bruton's酪氨酸激酶为细胞分化和增值所必需基因,且在B细胞淋巴瘤、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)和浆细胞瘤中均有表达。此外,在骨髓细胞和红系祖细胞中也有少量表达。
目前,依鲁替尼(ibrutinib)、阿卡替尼(acalabrutinib)和泽布替尼(Zanubrutinib)等Bruton's酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂被美国FDA批准上市,用于治疗套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)和CLL。
虽然依鲁替尼、阿卡替尼和泽布替尼治疗效果显著,但是临床上的B细胞淋巴瘤患者除了一部分患者在后期产生抗药耐受外,还有相当一部分患者对其治疗不敏感,比如在MCL中约有1/3患者对其治疗无应答,DLBCL中的应答率也不高。鉴于以上问题,本领域仍然需要开发活性高、特异性强的Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了式(I)所示的一种新型Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的化合物或其立体异构体、稳定同位素衍生物、水合物、溶剂化物、药学上可接受的盐:
X1,X2,X4可以独立地选自N、CR1;
键a、b为单键或者双键;
X3可以独立地选自不存在、N、CR1
Ar1和Ar2独立地选苯环或者5-6元杂芳环,其中上述的苯环和杂芳环任选被一个或多个G1所取代;
R1独立地选自H、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、COOH、CONH2、NHCOH、CONHR2、OR2或-NHR2;
R2独立地选自H、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、3-6元杂环烷基、-OR3、-NR3R4、-C(O)NR3R4,其中所述的烷基、环烷基或杂环烷基任选被氰基、卤素、-OR5、-NR5R6、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基或3-6元杂环烷基;
U和W独立地选自-C0-4烷基-、-CR7R8-、-C1-2烷基(R7)(OH)-、-C(O)-、-CR7R8O-、-OCR7R8-、-SCR7R8-、-CR7R8S-、-NR7-、-NR7C(O)-、-C(O)NR7-、-NR7C(O)NR8-、-CF2-、-O-、-S-、-S(O)m-、-NR7S(O)2-、-S(O)2NR7-;
Y不存在或选C3-8环烷基、3-8元杂环烷基、5-12元稠烷基、5-12元稠杂环基、5-12元螺环基、5-12元螺杂环基、芳香基或者杂芳香基,其中所述环烷基、杂环烷基、螺环基、稠环基、稠杂环基、螺杂环基、芳香基或者杂芳香基任选被一个或多个G1所取代;
Z独立地选自氰基、-NR12CN、键c为双键或者三键;
当c为双键时,Ra、Rb和Rc各自独立地选自H、氰基,卤素、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基或3-6元杂环基。其中所述烷基,环烷基和杂环基任选被1个或多个G2所取代;
Ra和Rb或Rb和Rc任选与它们连接的碳原子共同形成一任选含有杂原子的3-6元环;
当键c为三键时,Ra和Rc不存在,Rb独立选自H、氰基,卤素、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基或3-6元杂环基被一个或多个G3所取代;
R12独立地选自H、C1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基或3-6元杂环基,其中所述烷基,环烷基和杂环基任选被1个或多个G4所取代;
G1、G2、G3和G4各自独立选自氰基,卤素、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-8环烷基或3-8元杂环基、C6-10芳基、5-10元杂芳香基、-OR13、-OC(O)NR13R14、-C(O)OR13、-C(O)NR13R14、-C(O)R13、-NR13R14、-NR13C(O)R14、-NR13C(O)NR14R15、-S(O)mR13或-NR13S(O)mR14,其中所述烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳香基、杂芳香基任选被1个或多个氰基,卤素、C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-8环烷基或3-8元杂环基、C6-10芳基、5-10元杂芳香基、-OR16、-OC(O)NR16R17、-C(O)OR16、-C(O)NR16R17、-C(O)R16、-NR16R17、-NR16C(O)R17、-NR16C(O)NR17R18、-S(O)mR16或-NR16S(O)iR17的取代基所取代;
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18各自独立选自氢、氰基、卤素、C1-6烷基、C3-8环烷基或3-8元单环杂环基、单环杂芳香基或者苯基;且m为1或2。
本发明的典型化合物包括,但不限于以下化合物:
本发明提供了所述的一种新型Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受载体在制备新型Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂中的用途。
所述药物组合物为片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、喷雾剂或者注射剂的形式。
所述药学上可接受的载体选自填充剂、崩解剂、粘合剂和润滑剂中的一种或多种。包括但不限于任何和全部的溶剂、分散介质、包衣、吸收延迟剂等,这样的介质和药剂用于药学活性物质在本领域中的应用。
本发明还提供了所述的一种新型Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐作为Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的用途。
进一步地,所述蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂为Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
一种新型Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐或者其药物组合物在治疗或者预防Bruton's酪氨酸激酶相关疾病的药物中的应用。
进一步地,所述Bruton's酪氨酸激酶相关疾病选自下组:急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)、套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、大肠癌、类风湿关节炎、抗器官移植排异、抗牛皮癣、红斑狼疮等。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改,替换或变更。
以下通过实施形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅于以下的实例。凡基于上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
某些化学术语
除非有相反陈述,否则下列用在说明书和权利要求书中的术语。
具有下述含义在本文中使用的表示方式“Cx-y”表示碳原子数的范围、其中x和y均为整数,例如C3-8环烷基表示具有3-8个碳原子的环烷基,即具有3、4、5、6、7或8个碳原子的环烷基。还应理解,“C3-8”还包含其中的任意亚范围、例如C3-7、C3-6、C4-7、C4-6、C5-6等。
“烷基”指含有1至20个碳原子,例如1至18个碳原子、1至12个碳原子、1至8个碳原子、1至6个碳原子或1至4个碳原子的直链或支链的烃基基团。烷基的非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、正己基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基和2-乙基丁基。所述烷基可以是取代的或未取代的。
“烯基”指含有至少一个碳碳双键和通常2至20个碳原子例如2至8个碳原子、2至6个碳原子或2至4个碳原子的直链或支链的烃基基团。烯基的非限制性实例包括乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1,4-戊二烯基和1,4-丁二烯基。所述烯基可以是取代的或未取代的。
“炔基”指含有至少一个碳碳三键和通常2至20个碳原子,例如2至8个碳原子、2至6个碳原子或2至4个碳原子的直链或支链的烃基基团。炔基的非限制性实例包括乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基和3-丁炔基。所述炔基可以是取代的或未取代的。
“环烷基”指含有3至14个碳环原子的饱和环形烃基取代基。环烷基可以是单碳环,通常含有3至7个碳环原子。单环环烷基的非限制性实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环庚基。环烷基可选择地可以是稠合到一起的双或三环、如十氢萘基、所述环烷基可以是取代的或未取代的。
“杂环基”、“杂环烷基”、“杂环”是指稳定的3-18元单价非芳香环,包括2-12个碳原子,1-6个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子。除非另作说明,杂环基基团可以是单环、双环、三环或四环系统,其可能包含稠环、螺环或桥环系统,杂环基上的氮、碳或硫可选择性的被氧化,氮原子可选择性的被季铵化,杂环基可以部分或完全饱和。杂环基可以通过环上的碳原子或杂原子与分子的其余部分通过一个单键连接。包含稠环的杂环基中可以包含一个或多个芳环或杂芳环,只要与分子的其余部分连接的是非芳香环上的原子。为了本申请,杂环基优选的是一个稳定的4-11元单价非芳香单环或二环,其包含1-3个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子,更优选的是一个稳定的4-8元单价非芳香单环,其包含1-3个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子。杂环基的非限制性实例包括氮杂环庚烷基、氮杂环丁基、十氢异喹啉基、二氢呋喃基、二氢吲哚基、二氧戊烷基、1,1-二氧-硫代吗啉基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、异噻唑烷基、异恶唑烷基、吗啉基、八氢吲哚基、八氢异吲哚基、恶嗪基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、4-哌啶酮基、吡喃基、吡唑烷基、吡咯烷基、喹嗪基、奎宁环基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基等。
“螺杂环基”指5至20元,单环之间共用一个原子(称螺原子)的多环杂环基团,其中一个或多个环原子选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,其余环原子为碳。这些可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共扼的电子系统优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据环与环之间共用螺原子的数目将螺环烷基分为单螺杂环基、双螺杂环基或多螺杂环基,优选为单螺环烷基和双螺环烷基。更优选为4元/4元、4元/5元、4元/6元、5元/5元或5元/6元单螺环基。螺杂环基的非限制性实施例包含:
“稠杂环基”指5至20元,系统中的每个环与体系中的其他环共享毗邻的一对原子的多环杂环基团,一个或多个环可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统,其中一个或多个环原子选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,其余环原子为碳。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环稠杂环烷基,优选为双环或三环,更优选为5元/5元或5元/6元双环稠杂环基。稠杂环基的非限制性实施例包含:
“芳基”或“芳香基”指含有6至14个碳原子的芳香族单环或稠合多环基团,优选为6至10元,例如苯基和萘基,更优选为苯基。所述芳基环可以稠合于杂芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上、其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为芳基环。
“杂芳基”或“杂芳香基”是指5-16元环状系统,其包含1-15个碳原子,优选的1-10个碳原子,1-4个选自氮,氧和硫的杂原子,至少一个芳香环。除非另作说明,杂芳基可以是单环、双环、三环或四环系统,其可能包含稠环或桥环系统,只要与分子其它部分的连接点为芳环原子,杂芳环上的氮原子、碳原子和硫原子可以透择性的被氧化,氮原子可选择性的被季铵化。为了本发明,杂芳基优选的为稳定的4-11元单芳香环,其包含1-3个选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子,更优选的为稳定的5-8元单芳香环,其包含1-3个选自选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子。杂芳基的非限定性实例包括吖啶基、氮杂卓基、苯并咪唑基、苯并吲哚基、苯并二氧芑基、苯并二恶茂基、苯并呋喃酮基、苯并呋喃基、苯并萘并呋喃基、苯并吡喃酮基、苯并吡喃基、苯并吡唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并三唑基、呋喃基、咪唑基、吲唑基、吲哚基、恶唑基、嘌呤基、吡嗪基、吡唑基、哒嗪基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、奎宁基、四唑基,噻二唑基、噻唑基、噻吩基、三嗪基,三唑基等。本申请中,杂芳基优选为5-8元杂芳基,其包含1-3选自选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子,更优选为吡啶基、嘧啶基、噻唑基。所述杂芳基可以是取代的或未取代的。
“卤素”指氟、氯、溴或碘。
“羟基”指-OH,“氨基”指-NH2,“酰胺基”指-NHCO-,“氰基”指-CN,“硝基”指-CN,“异氰基”指-NC,“三氟甲基”指-CF3。
本文单独或作为其它成分的一部分使用的术语“杂原子”或“杂”是指除碳和氢之外的原子,杂原子独立地选自氧、氮、硫、磷、硅、硒和锡,但不限于这些原子,在出现两个或更多杂原子的实施方案中,所述两个或更多杂原子可彼此相同,或者所述两个或更多杂原子中的一些或全部此不同。
本文单独或组合使用的术语“稠”或“稠环”是指两个或更多个环共享一个或更多个键的环状结构。
本文单独或组合使用的术语“螺”或“螺环”是指两个或更多个环共享一个或更多个原子的环状结构。
“任选”或“任选地”意味着随后所描述的事件或环境可以但不必发生,该说明包括该事件或环境发生或不发生地场合例如,“任选被烷基取代的杂环基团”意味着烷基可以但不必须存在,该说明包括杂环基团被烷基取代的情形和杂环基团不被烷基取代的情形。
“取代的”指基团中的一个或多个原子,较佳为5个、更佳为1~3个原子彼此独立地被相应数目的取代基取代。不言而喻,取代基处在它们的可能的化学位置本领域技术人员能够在不付出过多努力的情况下确定(通过实验或理论)可能或不可能的取代。例如,具有游离的胺基或羟基与具有不饱和(如烯烃)键的碳原子结合时可能是不稳定的。所述取代基包括但不限于羟基、胺基、卤素、氰基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-8环烷基等。
“药物组合物”指含有一种或多种本文所述的化合物或其可药用的盐或前药以及其他分例如可药用的载体和赋形剂的组合物。药物组合物的目的是促对生物体的给药、利于活性成分的吸收进而发挥生物活性。
“异构体”指具有相同分子式但其原子结合的性质或顺序或其原子的空间排列不同的化合物称为“异构体”、其原子空间排列不同的异构体称为“立体异构体”。立体异构体包括光学异构体、几何异构体和构象异构体。本发明的化合物可以以光学异构体形式存在。根据手性碳原子周围取代基的构型,这些光学异构体是“R”或“S”构型。光学异构体包括对映异构体和非对映异构体、制备和分离光学异构体的方法是本领域中已知的。
本发明的化合物也可以存在几何异构体。本发明考虑由碳-碳双键、碳-氮双键、环烷基或杂环基团周的取代基的分布所产生的各种几何异构体和其混合物。碳-碳双键或碳-氮键周围的取代基指定为Z或E构型、环烷基或杂环周围的取代基指定为顺式或反式构型。
本发明的化合物还可能显示互变异构现象,例如酮-烯醇互变异构。
应该理解,本发明包括任何互变异构或立体异构形式和其混合物、并且不仅限于化合物的命名或化学结式中所使用的任何一个互变异构或立体异构形式。
“同位素”是在本发明化合物中出现的原子的所有同位素。同位素包括具有相同原子序数但不同质量数的那些原子。适合并入本发明化合物中的同位素的实例是氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯,分别例如但不限于2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、31P、32P、35S、18F和36Cl。本发明的同位素标记化合物通常可通过本域技术人员已知的传统技术或通过与所附实施例中描的那些类似的方法使用适当的同位素标记的试剂代替非同位素标记的剂制。这样的化合物具有各种潜在用途、例如作为测定生物活性中的标样和试剂。在稳定同位素的情况下,这样的化合物具有有利地改变生物、药理学或药代动力学性质的潜力。
“前药”是指本发明的化合物可以以前药的形式给予。前药是指在活体内的生理条件下例如通过氧化、还原、水解等(它们各自利用酶或在没有酶参与下进行)转化成本发明的生物活性化合物的衍生物。前药的实例是下述化合物:其中本发明的化合物中的胺基被酰化、烷基化或磷酸化,例如二十烷酰基胺基、丙胺酰胺基、新戊酰氧基甲基胺基、或其中羟基被酰化、烷基化、磷酸化或转化成硼酸盐,例如乙酰氧基、棕榈酰氧基、新戊酰氧基、琥珀酰氧基、富马酰氧基、丙胺酰氧基、或其中羧基被酯化或酰胺化,或其中巯基与选择性地向靶和/或向细胞的胞质溶胶递送药物的载体分子,例如肽形成二硫桥键、这些化合物可以由本发明的化合物根据公知方法制备。
“可药用的盐”或者“药学上可接受的”是指由可药用的碱或酸,包括无机碱或酸和有机碱或酸制成的。在本发明的化合物含有一个或多个酸性或碱性基团的情况下,本发明还包含它们相应的可药用盐。因此,含有酸性基团的本发明的化合物可以以盐形式存在并可根据本发明使用,例如作为碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或作为铵盐。这样的盐的更确切实例包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或与胺或有机胺,例如伯胺、仲胺、叔胺、环胺等,例如氨、异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、乙醇胺、二环己胺、乙二胺、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、胆碱和咖啡因等特别优选的有机碱为异丙胺、二乙胺、乙醇胺、三甲胺、二环己胺、胆碱和咖啡因的盐。含有碱性基团的本发明的化合物可以盐形式存在并可根据本发明以它们与无机或有机酸的加成的形式使用。合适的酸的实例包括盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘二磺酸、草酸、乙酸、酒石酸、乳酸、水杨酸、苯甲酸、甲酸、丙酸、特戊酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、庚二酸、富马酸、马来酸、苹果酸、胺基磺酸、苯基丙酸、葡糖酸、抗坏血酸、异烟酸、柠檬酸、己二酸和本领域技术人员已知的其它酸。如果本发明的化合物在分子中同时含有酸性和碱性基团,本发明除所提到的盐形式外还包括内盐或内铵盐。各盐通过本领域技术人员已知的常规方法获得,例如通过在溶剂或分散剂中使这些与有机或无机酸或碱接触或通过与其它盐阴离子交换或阳离子交换。
因此,在本申请中当提及“化合物”、“本发明化合物”或“本发明所化合物”时,包括所有所述化合物形式、例如其前药、稳定同位素衍生物、可药用的盐、异构体、内消旋体、外消旋体、对映异构体、非对映异体及其混合物。
在本文中、术语“肿瘤”包括良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤(例如癌症)。
在本文中,术语“癌症”包括Bruton's酪氨酸激酶参与其发生的各种恶性肿瘤、包括但不限于非小细胞肺癌、食管癌、黑色素瘤、横纹肌肉榴、细胞癌、多发性骨髓瘤、乳腺癌卵巢癌、子宫膜癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、结癌、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和肝癌(例如肝细胞癌),更具体为肝癌、胃癌和膀胱癌。
本文所使用术语“有效量”、“治疗有效量”或“药学有效量”是指服用后足以在某种程度上缓解所治疗的疾病或病症的一个或多个症状的至少一种药剂或化合物的量。其结果可以为迹象、症状或病因的消减和/或缓解或生物系统的任何其它所需变化。例如,用于治疗的“有效量”是在临床上提供显著的病症缓解效果所需的包含本文公开化合物的组合物的量。可使用诸如剂量递增试验的技术测定适合于任意个体病例中的有效量。
本发明使用的术语“多晶型物”或“多晶型(现象)”是指本发明的化合物具有多种晶型格形态,本发明的一些化合物可能有一个以上的晶体形式,本发明涵盖所有的多品型态或其混合物。
本发明化合物的中间体化合物及其多品形物也在本发明的范围内。
结晶经常产生本发明化合物的溶剂化物,本文所用术语“溶剂化物”是指由一个或多个本发明化合物分子和一个或多个溶剂分子组合成的合体。
溶剂可以是水,这种情况下,溶剂化物是水合物。另外还可以是有机溶剂。因此,本发明化合物可作为水合物存在,包括一水合物、二水合物、半水合物、三水合物、四水合物等,以及相应的溶剂化形态。本发明化合物可以是真溶剂化物,但在其它一些情况下,本发明化合物也可能只是偶然保留了水或水跟一些其它溶剂的混合物本发明化合物可在一种溶剂中反应或在一种溶剂中沉淀或结晶。本发明化合物的溶剂化物也包括在本发明的范围内。
本文所用的跟制剂,组合物或成分相关的术语“可接受的”是指对治疗主体的总体健康没有持续的有害影响。
本文所用术语“药学上可接受的”是指不影响本发明化合物的生物活性或性质的物质(如载体或稀释剂),并且相对无毒,即该物质可施用于个体而不造成不良的生物反应或以不良方式与组合物中包含的任意组分相互作用。
“药学上可接受的载体”包括但不限于已经被相关政府行政部门批准的可以被用于人类和驯养动物的佐剂、载体、赋形剂、助剂、脱臭剂、稀释剂、保鲜剂、染料/着色剂、风味增强剂、表面活性剂和润湿剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、稳定剂等渗剂、溶剂、或乳化剂。
文所用术语“主体”、“患者”、“对象”或“个体”是指患有疾病、紊乱或病症等的个体,包括哺乳动物和非哺乳动物,哺乳动物的实例包括但不限于哺乳动物纲的任何成员:人,非人的灵长类动物(例如黑猩猩和其它猿类和猴);家畜,例如牛,马、绵羊,山羊,猪;家养动物,例如兔,狗和猫;实验室动物,包括啮齿类动物,如大鼠、小鼠和豚鼠等。非人哺乳动物的实例包括但不限于鸟类和鱼类等。在本文提供的一个有关方法和组合物的实施方案中,所述哺乳动物为人。
本文所用术语“治疗”是指对哺乳动物特别是人类的相关疾病病症的治疗,包括
(i)预防哺乳动物,特别是之前已经暴露在某个疾病或病症下但尚未被诊断患有该疾病或病症的哺乳动物,产生相应的疾病或病症;
(ii)抑制疾病或病症,即,控制其发展;
(iii)缓解疾病或病症,即,使疾病或病症消退缓;
(iv)缓解疾病或病症引起的症状。
本文所用术语“疾病”和“病症”可以互相替代,也可以是不同意思,因为某些特定疾病或病症还没有已知的致病因子(所以发病原因尚不清楚),所以还不能被认作疾病而只能被看做不想要的状况或综合症,所述综合症或多或少有一些具体症状已经被临床研究人员证实。
本文所用术语“服用”、“施用”、“给药”等是指能够将化合物或组合物递送到进行生物作用的所需位点的方法这些方法。包括但不限于口服途径、经十二指肠途径、胃肠外注射(包括静脉内、皮下、腹膜内、肌内、动脉内注射或输注)、局部给药和经直肠给药。在优选的实施方案中,本文讨论的化合物和组合物通过口服施用。
合成方法
本发明还提供制备所述化合物的方法。本发明通式(I)所述化合物的制备,可通过以下示例性方法和实施例完成,但这些方法和实施例不应以任何方式被认为是对本发明范围的限制。也可地本领域技术人员所知的合成技术合成本发明所述的化合物,或者综合使用本领域已知方法和本发明所述的方法。每步应所得的产物用本领域已知的分离技术得到,包括但不限于萃取、过滤、蒸馏、结晶、色谱分离等。合成所需要的起始原料和化学试剂可以根据文献(reaxys)常规合成或购买。
除非另有说明,温度是摄氏温度。试剂购自Chemblocks Inc、Astatech Inc或麦克林等商业供应商,并且这些试剂可直接使用无需进一步纯化,除非另有说明。
除非另有说明,下列反应在室温、无水溶剂中、氮气或气的正压下或使用干燥管进行;玻璃器皿烘干和/或加热干燥。
除非另有说明,柱色谱纯化使用青岛海洋化工厂的200-300目硅胶;制备薄层色谱使用烟台市化学工业研究所生产的薄层色谱硅胶预制板(HSGF254);MS的测定用ThernoLCD Fleet型(ESI)液相色谱-质谱联用仪。
核磁数据(1H NMR)使用BrukerAvance-400MHz或Varian Oxford-400Hz核磁仪,核磁数据使用的溶剂有CDCl3、CD3OD、D2O、DMS-d6等,以四甲基硅烷(0.000ppm)为基准或以残留溶剂为基准(CDCl3:7.26ppm;CD3OD:3.31ppm;D2O:4.79ppm;d6-DMSO:2.50ppm)当标明峰形多样性时,以下简写表示不同峰形:s(单峰)、d(双重峰)、t(三重峰)、q(四重峰)、m(多重峰)、br(宽峰)、dd(双双重峰)、dt(双三重峰)。如果给出了耦合常数,则以Hertz(Hz)为单位。
实施例1:(S)-7-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丁-2-炔酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-2,3-二氧代-吡啶[3,4-b]]并吡嗪-8-甲酰胺(化合物1)的制备
步骤1:化合物1b的合成
将原料2,6-二氯-3-硝基-4-氨基吡啶1a(20.8g,0.1mol)、(S)-3-Boc-氨基哌啶(22g,0.11mol)、碳酸钾(22g,0.2mmol)催化量碘化钾和DMF(2000mL)混合,加热到120℃,搅拌反应4小时。冷却至室温,减压蒸溶,得到黄色固体1c(20.8g,56%),LC/MS(ESI):m/z=373[M+H]+。
步骤2:化合物1c的合成
将上一步得到的产物1b(18.59g,0.05mol)、4-苯氧基苯硼酸(10.7g,0.05mol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(4g,4.4mmol)、碳酸铯、1,4-二氧六环(500mL)和水(100mL)混合后,然后回流加热到120℃,搅拌反应16小时。将反应物冷却至室温并搅拌过夜,得到淡黄色沉淀物。用水(10mL)稀释反应混合物,并通过过滤收集固体。粗产物用甲醇(50mL)打浆,然后得到米黄色固体1b(12.9g,51%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=506[M+H]+。
步骤3:化合物1d的合成
将N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(5.2g,29.6mmol)加到1c(12.1g,24mmol)在乙酸(100mL)中的溶液中。在60℃搅拌2小时后,在减压下去除乙酸。将残余物悬浮在水中(60mL),并添加饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(40mL)。过滤固体并在80℃的水中(200mL)搅拌30分钟。冷却至环境温度后,过滤固体并在真空下干燥,得到粗品黄褐色固体1d(12.2g,87%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=585[M+H]+。
步骤4:化合物1e的合成
在氮气保护下,将1d(7.8g,13.35mmol)、Zn(CN)2(940mg,8mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.61g,0.65mmol)和1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁(0.74g,1.35mmol)的混合物加到DMF/H2O(99:1,50mL)中,搅拌30分钟,然后加热到120℃,搅拌反应24小时。将所得混合物冷却至室温,和饱和NH4Cl溶液:浓氨水:H2O(4:1:4,10mL)沉淀。将反应物冷却至0℃并过滤。滤饼用饱和NH4Cl溶液:浓氨水:H2O(4:1:4,2mL)洗涤,在真空下干燥得到深褐色固体(5.38g,76%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=531[M+H]+。
步骤5:化合物1f的合成
将1e(5.31g,10mmol)溶于50mL乙醇中,在室温下在1.0atm H2气氛下在雷尼镍催化剂(2.0g)上氢化4h。反应完毕后,向溶液加入1.6g硅藻土后,剧烈搅拌混合物并在硅藻土垫上过滤。滤液用硅胶柱层析法纯化,得到深褐色固体1f(4.70g,94%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=501[M+H]+。
步骤6:化合物1g的合成
向1f(2.5g,5mmol)与20ml甲醇的溶液中添加甲醇钠(0.63g,),并在室温下将混合物搅拌30分钟。将草酸二乙酯(0.76g,5.1mmol)溶于8ml甲醇的溶液逐滴添加到混合物中30分钟,并将所得混合物加热至回流7h。在减压下浓缩混合物,用30mL水稀释,然后在冰浴中冷却。用10%的盐酸将反应混合物调节到pH为6.5。通过过滤收集沉淀的固体,用水洗涤并干燥,得到黄色固体化合物1g(2.6g,94%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=555[M+H]+。
步骤7:化合物1h的合成
将上一步化合物1g(1.66g,3mmol)分批加入80%硫酸(11mL),在60℃下搅拌反应2.5小时。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物加入冰中并加热至室温搅拌温度。用KOH将pH值调至8,用乙酸乙酯萃取(2×)。用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩减压得到棕色固体中间体1h(1.40g,97%)无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=473[M+H]+。
步骤8:化合物1的合成
向25mL三颈烧瓶中添加中间体1h(237mg,0.5mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(8mL)和-2-丁炔酸(46.2mg,0.55mmol)、HATU(379mg、164mmol)和N-乙基二异丙基胺(275μL)(温度升至35℃)。最终的解决方案是在室温下搅拌2小时。用稀释液稀释混合物乙酸乙酯(10毫升)和水洗(5毫升)。有机的相分离,水层用乙酸乙酯萃取(2×10ml)。合并的有机提取物用洗涤液洗涤水(含少量氯化钠)(4×10ml),用盐水冲洗(10毫升),用无水硫酸钠干燥。集中在减压下得到粗产物,通过柱层析纯化,得到黄色固体化合物1(140mg,产率52%)。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.41-7.04(m,11H),3.98-3.83(m,1H),3.19-3.07(m,1H),3.06-2.89(m,1H),3.06-2.91(m,1H),2.80(br s,1H),1.96(s,3H),1.91-1.80(m,1H),1.73(s,2H),and1.35(s,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=539.2[M+H]+.
实施例2:(R)-7-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丁-2-炔酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-2,3-二氧代-吡啶[3,4-b]]并吡嗪-8-甲酰胺(化合物2)的制备
用与实施例1相似的方法(中间体换为(R)-3-Boc-氨基哌啶)得到化合物2(129mg,产率48%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.41-7.04(m,9H),3.98-3.84(m,1H),3.19-3.06(m,1H),3.06-2.89(m,1H),3.08-2.90(m,1H),2.81(br s,1H),1.97(s,3H),1.91-1.81(m,1H),1.73(s,2H),and 1.36(s,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=539.2[M+H]+.
实施例3:(S)-7-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丙烯酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-2,3-二氧代-吡啶[3,4-b]]并吡嗪-8-甲酰胺化合物3)的制备
用与实施例1相似的方法(中间体换为丙烯酸)得到化合物3(100mg,产率38%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.43-7.04(m,9H),6.27-6.17(m,1H),6.13-6.03(m,1H),5.59(dd,1H),4.01(br s,1H),3.39(br s,1H),3.17(br s,1H),2.64(br s,1H),2.43(br s,1H),1.99-1.68(m,3H),1.35(s,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=527.2[M+H]+.
实施例4:(R)-7-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丙烯酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-2,3-二氧代-吡啶[3,4-b]]并吡嗪-8-甲酰胺化合物4)的制备
用与实施例1相似的方法(中间体换为丙烯酸)得到化合物4(84mg,产率32%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.43-7.04(m,9H),6.27-6.17(m,1H),6.13-6.03(m,1H),5.59(dd,1H),4.01(br s,1H),3.39(br s,1H),3.17(br s,1H),2.64(br s,1H),2.43(br s,1H),1.99-1.68(m,3H),1.35(s,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=511.2[M+H]+.
实施例5:(S)-7-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丁-2-炔酰胺基吡咯烷-1-基)-2,3-二氧代-吡啶[3,4-b]]并吡嗪-8-甲酰胺(化合物5)的制备
用与实施例1相似的方法(中间体换为(S)-3-Boc-氨基吡咯烷)得到化合物5(147mg,产率56%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.42-7.06(m,9H),4.34(m,1H),3.26-3.13(m,2H),3.11-2.97(m,2H),2.24(m,1H),1.94(s,3H),1.85(m,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=525.2[M+H]+.
实施例6:(R)-7-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丁-2-炔酰胺基吡咯烷-1-基)-2,3-二氧代-吡啶[3,4-b]]并吡嗪-8-甲酰胺(化合物6)的制备
用与实施例2相似的方法(中间体换为(R)-3-Boc-氨基吡咯烷)得到化合物6(160mg,产率61%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.42-7.06(m,9H),4.34(m,1H),3.26-3.13(m,2H),3.11-2.97(m,2H),2.24(m,1H),1.94(s,3H),1.85(m,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=525.2[M+H]+.
实施例7:(S)-7-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丙烯酰胺基吡咯烷-1-基)-2,3-二氧代-吡啶[3,4-b]]并吡嗪-8-甲酰胺(化合物7)的制备
用与实施例2相似的方法(中间体换为(S)-3-Boc-氨基吡咯烷)得到化合物7(97mg,产率38%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.42-7.06(m,9H),6.71-6.55(d,1H),6.32-6.22(m,1H),5.74(m,1H),4.40-4.23(m,2H),3.91(dd,1H),3.86-3.58(m,3H),2.24-2.02(s,2H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=513.2[M+H]+.
实施例8:(R)-7-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丙烯酰胺基吡咯烷-1-基)-2,3-二氧代-吡啶[3,4-b]]并吡嗪-8-甲酰胺(化合物8)的制备
用与实施例1相似的方法(中间体换为(R)-3-Boc-氨基吡咯烷)得到化合物8(92mg,产率36%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.42-7.06(m,9H),6.71-6.55(d,1H),6.32-6.22(m,1H),5.74(m,1H),4.40-4.23(m,2H),3.91(dd,1H),3.86-3.58(m,3H),2.24-2.02(s,2H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=513.2[M+H]+.
实施例9:(S)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-(3-丁-2-炔酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-咪唑[4,5-c]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺(化合物9)的制备
用与实施例1相似的方法(中间体换为原甲酸三乙酯)得到化合物9(123mg,产率52%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:8.13(s,1H),7.41-7.06(m,9H),3.98-3.83(m,1H),3.19-3.07(m,1H),3.06-2.89(m,1H),3.06-2.91(m,1H),2.80(br s,1H),1.96(s,3H),1.91-1.80(m,1H),1.73(s,2H),and 1.35(s,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=495.2[M+H]+.
实施例10:(S)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-(3-丁-2-炔酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-2-甲基咪唑[4,5-c]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺(化合物10)的制备
用与实施例1相似的方法(中间体换为乙酸酐)得到化合物9(124mg,产率49%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.43-7.08(m,9H),3.98-3.83(m,1H),3.19-3.07(m,1H),3.06-2.89(m,1H),3.06-2.91(m,1H),2.80(br s,1H),2.54(s,3H),1.96(s,3H),1.91-1.80(m,1H),1.73(s,2H),and 1.35(s,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=509.2[M+H]+.
实施例11:6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(1-丙烯酰胺基哌啶-4-基)-2-氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]并吡啶-8-甲酰胺(化合物11)的制备
关键中间体4,6-二氯-2氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺11a的制备
将N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(5.2g,29.6mmol)加到4,6-二氯-2氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]]并吡啶(5.6g,27mmol)在乙酸(100mL)中的溶液中。在60℃搅拌2小时后,在减压下去除乙酸。将残余物悬浮在水中(60mL),并添加饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(40mL)。过滤固体并在80℃的水中(200mL)搅拌30分钟。冷却至环境温度后,过滤固体并在真空下干燥,得到粗品4,6-二氯-6-溴-2氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]]并吡啶7.11g,收率93%。LC/MS(ESI):m/z=283[M+H]+.
将Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-四甲基乙二胺(9g,50.1mmol)添加到上一步的产物4,6-二氯-6-溴-2氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]]并吡啶(5.64g,20mmol)存于无水四氢呋喃(100mL)中的溶液中,并且该溶液在氮气下于-60℃搅拌1分钟。缓慢添加正丁基锂(20.4mL,50.1mmol,己烷中2.5M),并将混合物搅拌2小时。将干二氧化碳气体鼓泡到溶液中,并且在-60℃下将混合物搅拌1小时。加热至环境温度后,加入水(100mL)。减压除去四氢呋喃,残渣在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配。用1M盐酸将水层酸化至pH=1,并过滤固体以得到粗品4,6-二氯-2氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酸3.77g,收率76%。LC/MS(ESI):m/z=249[M+H]+.
将4,6-二氯-2氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酸(2.49g,10mmol)溶解于亚硫酰氯(40ml)中,并且将混合物在75℃下搅拌2小时。在真空下去除多余的亚硫酰氯,并将残余物溶解在无水四氢呋喃(40mL)中。在0℃下添加氨水(6.0mL),并在环境温度下搅拌混合物10小时。过滤固体并从乙醇(20mL)中重结晶得到4,6-二氯2-氧代-咪唑并|4,5-c]吡啶-7-甲酰胺2.08g,收率84%。LC/MS(ESI):m/z=248[M+H]+.
步骤1:化合物6-(4-苯氧基苯基-2-氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]并吡啶-8-甲酰胺11b的合成
将原料4,6-二氯-2氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺11a(3.7g,15mmol)、4-苯氧基苯硼酸(6.42g,30mmol)和磷酸三钾一水合物(10.35g,45mmol)溶解于二氧六环(200mL)和水(20mL)中。用多次充氮气后,添加四(三苯基膦)钯(2.31g,2mmol)。用氮气将混合物再喷洒5分钟,然后回流加热24小时。将反应物冷却至室温并搅拌过夜,得到淡黄色沉淀物。用水(10mL)稀释反应混合物,并通过过滤收集固体。粗产物用甲醇(150mL)打浆,然后得到米黄色固体1b(2.91g,52%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=382[M+H]+。
步骤2:化合物11c的合成
将上一步中间体6-(4-苯氧基苯基-2-氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]并吡啶-8-甲酰胺11b(1.9g,5mmol)、N-Boc-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶-4-硼酸频哪醇酯(2.31g,7.5mmol)、碳酸钾(2.07g,15mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯、1,4-二氧六环(100mL)和水(25mL)混合后,在氮气保护加热回流,搅拌反应16小时。将反应物冷却至室温并搅拌过夜,反应液减压蒸溶,通过柱层析纯化得到米黄色固体1b(1.0g,38%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=528[M+H]+。
步骤3:化合物11d的合成
将上一步化合物11c(528mg,1mmol)存于乙酸乙酯(10mL)和甲醇(10mL)中的溶液中添加10%Pd/C(0.1g),并且用氢气将反应物脱气6次,然后在氢气氛下在室温下搅拌12h。过滤溶液,将滤液蒸发成棕色固体的粗产物11d(507mg,96%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=530[M+H]+。
步骤4:化合物11e的合成
于反应瓶中加入上一步中间体11d(0.265g,0.5mmol),2ml乙酸乙酯,1N HCl的1,4-二氧六环溶液4ml。室温下搅拌2小时,反应液用1N氢氧化钠溶液中和,乙酸乙酯萃取。所得有机相再用饱和碳酸氢钠和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,有机相减压蒸干。得到化合物11e(0.170g,产率79%),直接用于下一步,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=430.2[M+H]+。
步骤5:化合物11的合成
于反应瓶中加入化合物11e(129mg,0.3mmol),三乙胺(51mg,0.5mmol),4ml四氢呋喃,冰水浴冷却后缓慢滴加丁-2-炔酰氯(45mg,0.5mmol)的0.5ml四氢呋喃溶液。加完后继续搅拌4小时。反应液用甲醇淬灭反应并减压蒸干。残余物通过柱层析纯化,得到化合物11(52mg,产率36%)为黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.43-7.08(m,9H),3.98-3.83(m,1H),3.19-3.07(m,1H),3.06-2.89(m,1H),3.06-2.91(m,1H),2.80(br s,1H),2.54(s,3H),1.96(s,3H),1.91-1.80(m,1H),1.73(s,2H),and 1.35(s,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=484.2[M+H]+.
实施例12和13:(S)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丙烯酰胺基哌啶-4-基)-2-氧代-咪唑[4,5-c]并吡啶-8-甲酰胺(化合物12)和(R)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-5-(3-丙烯酰胺基哌啶-4-基)-咪唑[4,5-c]并吡啶-8-甲酰胺(化合物13)的制备
用与实施例11相似的方法(中间体换为1-叔丁氧羰基-3,6-二氢-2H-吡啶-5-硼酸频哪醇酯)得到化合物9(124mg,产率49%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.43-7.08(m,9H),3.98-3.83(m,1H),3.19-3.07(m,1H),3.06-2.89(m,1H),3.06-2.91(m,1H),2.80(br s,1H),2.54(s,3H),1.96(s,3H),1.91-1.80(m,1H),1.73(s,2H),and 1.35(s,1H);LC/MS(ESI):m/z=509.2[M+H]+.
实施例14:(S)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-(3-丁-2-炔酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺(化合物14)的制备
关键中间体4,6-二氯-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺14a的制备
在-78℃下,将正丁基锂(27.8mL,存于己烷中之2.5M溶液,69.6mmol)加入到二异丙胺(7.5g,74.3mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(50mL)的溶液中,将混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟,并在40分钟期间添加2,6-二溴-硝基吡啶(19.0g,67.6mmol)存于四氢呋喃(50mL)中的溶液。将混合物在-78℃搅拌3小时。将干燥的二氧化碳鼓泡到反应混合物中,并且在环境温度下将混合物搅拌过夜。在减压下去除溶剂,并将残余物溶解在乙酸乙酯(50mL)和10%氢氧化钠水溶液(100mL)的混合物中。用浓盐酸使水相呈酸性,并用乙酸乙酯(3x150mL)萃取。有机层在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤并浓缩以得到中间体2,6-二溴-4-硝基烟酸(),无需进一步纯化。LC/MS(ESI):m/z=326[M+H]+。
2,6-二溴-4-硝基烟酸(49g,154mmol溶于无水THF(1000mL)中,冷却至-40℃与-50℃之间搅拌约5mm。然后逐滴添加乙烯基溴化镁(在THF中,692mL,692mmol)。将混合物在约-40℃和-50℃之间搅拌约4h。用饱和NH4C1水溶液(20mL)淬火反应物。在减压下去除溶剂以获得残余物,其通过制备HPLC纯化得到4,6-二溴-1H-吡咯并[3,2-c]吡啶-7-羧酸(5.4g),收率11%。LC/MS(ESI):m/z=321[M+H]+。
向4,6-二溴-1H-吡咯并[3,2-c]吡啶-7-羧酸(3.2g,1.mmol)存于DMF(50mL)中之溶液中添加HOBt(2.29g,15mmol)及EDCl(2.88g,15mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌约1小时后,添加NH3/THF(200mL),并将所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后过滤悬浮液,减压浓缩滤液。加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取。用盐水洗涤合并的有机相,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并减压浓缩以提供4,6-二溴-1H-吡咯并[3,2-c]吡啶-7-甲酰胺(1.53g,48%)。LC/MS(ESI):m/z=320[M+H]+。
步骤1:化合物6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-溴-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺14b的合成
将原料4,6-二溴-1H-吡咯并[3,2-c]吡啶-7-甲酰胺11a(0.64g,2mmol)、4-苯氧基苯硼酸(0.86g,4mmol)和磷酸三钾一水合物(1.38g,6mmol)溶解于二氧六环(15mL)和水(8mL)中。用多次充氮气后,添加四(三苯基膦)钯(0.35g,0.3mmol)。用氮气将混合物再喷洒5分钟,然后回流加热24小时。将反应物冷却至室温并搅拌过夜,得到淡黄色沉淀物。用水(10mL)稀释反应混合物,并通过过滤收集固体。粗产物用甲醇(50mL)打浆,然后得到米黄色固体14b(0.457g,56%),无需再纯化进行下一反应,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=409[M+H]+。
步骤2:化合物14c的合成
将原料6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-溴-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺14b(0.409g,1mmol)、(S)-3-Boc-氨基哌啶(0.22g,1.1mmol)、碳酸钾(0.22g,2mmol)催化量碘化钾和DMF(20mL)混合,加热到120℃,搅拌反应4小时。冷却至室温,减压蒸溶,得到黄色固体14c(0.27g,51%),LC/MS(ESI):m/z 529[M+H]+。
步骤3:化合物14d的合成
于反应瓶中加入上一步中间体14c(0.27g,0.5mmol),2ml乙酸乙酯,1N HCl的1,4-二氧六环溶液4ml。室温下搅拌2小时,反应液用1N氢氧化钠溶液中和,乙酸乙酯萃取。所得有机相再用饱和碳酸氢钠和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,有机相减压蒸干。得到化合物14d(0.187g,产率87%),直接用于下一步,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=428.2[M+H]+。
步骤4:化合物14的合成
于反应瓶中加入化合物14d(128mg,0.3mmol),三乙胺(51mg,0.5mmol),4ml四氢呋喃,冰水浴冷却后缓慢滴加丁-2-炔酰氯(45mg,0.5mmol)的0.5ml四氢呋喃溶液。加完后继续搅拌4小时。反应液用甲醇淬灭反应并减压蒸干。残余物通过柱层析纯化,得到化合物11(53mg,产率36%)为黄色固体。LC/MS(ESI):m/z=494.2[M+H]+。
实施例15:(R)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-(3-丁-2-炔酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺(化合物15)的制备
用与实施例14相似的方法(中间体换为乙酸酐)得到化合物15(68mg,产率46%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=494.2[M+H]+.
实施例16:6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-(1-丙烯酰基哌啶-4-基)-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺(化合物16)的制备
用与实施例11相似的方法(中间体换为乙酸酐)得到化合物16(59mg,产率42%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=467.2[M+H]+.
实施例17和18:(S)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-(1-丙烯酰基哌啶-3-基)-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺(化合物17)和(R)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-(1-丙烯酰基哌啶-3-基)-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺(化合物18)的制备
用与实施例16相似的方法(中间体换为1-叔丁氧羰基-3,6-二氢-2H-吡啶-5-硼酸频哪醇酯)得到消旋体化合物(R,S)-6-(4-苯氧基苯基)-4-(1-丙烯酰基哌啶-3-基)-吡咯[3,2-c]]并吡啶-7-甲酰胺18(67mg,产率49%,此为最后一步产率,下同)为淡黄色固体,LC/MS(ESI):m/z=467.2[M+H]+.
实施例19:对激酶BTK、BTK(R28H)的体外活性抑制作用测试
1.1 BTK抑制活性筛选
用激酶缓冲液(50mM HEPES、10mM MgCl2、2mM DTT、1mM EGTA、0.01%Tween20)将350ng/uL的BTK母液进行稀释,按每孔加入6μL 1.67×的0.134ng/μL的工作液(终浓度为0.08ng/μL),用纳升加样仪将DMSO溶解的不同化合物101-128加入到孔中,使化合物终浓度为1000nM-0.244nM,阳性药终浓度为50nM-0.0122nM,4倍梯度,共7个浓度,同时设空白对照孔(不含酶)与阴性对照孔(含酶,加溶媒DMSO),设2个复孔。酶与化合物或溶媒反应30min后,将用激酶缓冲液配制好的5×的250μMATP(终浓度为50uM)与5×的0.5μM底物(终浓度为0.1μM,ULight-poly GT),按1:1混合,按每孔4μL加入孔中;封板膜封板以后,室温反应2小时后,每孔加入5μL4×的8nM检测试剂(终浓度为2nM,Ab),室温孵育1小时;PE仪器读板(激发620nm,发射665nm)。计算抑制率,并计算IC50值。测定结果见下表
1.2 BTK(R28H)抑制活性筛选
用激酶缓冲液(50mM HEPES、10mM MgCl2、2mM DTT、1mM EGTA、0.01%Tween20)将200ng/uL的BTK(R28H)母液进行稀释,按每孔加入6μL 1.67×的1.67ng/μL的工作液(终浓度为1ng/μL),用纳升加样仪将DMSO溶解的不同化合物101-128加入到孔中,使化合物终浓度为2000nM-0.488nM,阳性药终浓度为200nM-0.0488nM,4倍梯度,共7个浓度,同时设空白对照孔(不含酶)与阴性对照孔(含酶,加溶媒DMSO),设2个复孔。酶与化合物或溶媒反应30min后,将用激酶缓冲液配制好的5×的500μMATP(终浓度为100uM)与5×的0.5μM底物(终浓度为0.1μM,ULight-poly GT),按1:1混合,按每孔4μL加入孔中;封板膜封板以后,室温反应2h后,每孔加入5μL 4×的40mM EDTA(终浓度为10mM),室温5min,再在每孔加入5μL4×的8nM检测试剂(终浓度为2nM,Ab),室温孵育1小时;PE仪器读板(激发620nm,发射665nm)。计算抑制率,并计算IC50值。测定结果见下表显示化合物1-28对于野生型BTK、突变体BTK(R28H)的活性数据。活性利用IC50表征,其中“A”表示IC50≤10nM;“B”表示10<IC50≤100nM;“C”表示100<IC50≤500nM;“D”表示500<IC50≤2000nM。
Claims (6)
1.一种化合物,其特征在于,选自以下任一种:
2.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,包含根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的剂型选自以下任一种:片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、喷雾剂和注射剂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的载体选自填充剂、崩解剂、粘合剂和润滑剂中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物在制备蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂中的用途。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,所述蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂为Bruton's酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
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