CN114467648B - Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance and seed yield of bromus fasciatus - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance and seed yield of bromus fasciatus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving lodging resistance and seed yield of bromus oblata, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The method comprises the step of spraying a lodging-resistant solution in the jointing stage and/or the booting stage of the bromus fasciatus, wherein the lodging-resistant solution comprises an lodging-resistant ester solution and a silicon fertilizer solution, and the spraying amount of the lodging-resistant solution is 700mL/15m 2 . By adopting the cultivation method, the growth vigor of the bromus fasciatus can be enhanced, the plant height of the plant can be obviously reduced, the breaking resistance of the plant can be improved, the lodging area can be reduced, the seed yield of the plant can be obviously improved, and the method is similar to the method for cultivating the bromus fasciatusCompared with the planting field of the brome platysternon under the same condition, the yield of the brome platysternon can be increased by 10.7 percent at most per hectare, and the economic benefit can be increased by 8680.63 yuan per hectare, so that the method brings good economic benefit to the field of brome platysternon planting and has wide market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving lodging resistance and seed yield of bromus oblata.
Background
The brome platyphylla is cold-season annual or short-term perennial high-quality pasture, the species is native to south America Panpaspalum pratense, germplasm resources of brome platyphylla in China are mainly distributed in southwest, china, north China and northwest China, and escaped resources exist in partial regions. The brome fasciata has late ear emergence and early green turning, can obtain higher fresh grass yield in the current year of sowing, and the stalks can still keep green after the seeds are mature, thereby still having higher nutritive value. It is suitable for planting artificial grassland under forest and fruit tree, and may be used in planting artificial grassland, planting grass in idle field in south China, raising farm animal and controlling water and soil loss. Under the humid and shady environment of Sichuan winter and spring, the brome platyphylla still can keep the turquoise state, has good palatability, is eaten by various livestock, and is one of the best pastures for making up the shortage of green feed of livestock in winter and spring.
In the plateau area of Chengdu, the grain filling period of the brome platura is 4 months of the next year, the brome platura is harvested for 5-6 months, the weight of the plant spike is gradually increased in the period, the plant spike gradually enters rainy seasons, extreme weather such as strong wind is increased, and the phenomenon of yield reduction caused by plant lodging occurs. After the brome platura is lodged, the photosynthesis is limited, and the transportation, storage and accumulation of organic substances are seriously influenced, so that the yield of the brome platura seed is reduced. If the bromus fasciatus falls down in the middle and later periods, the seeds can mildew and germinate in continuous rainy days, and the quality of the seeds is adversely affected. The yield is reduced and the quality is deteriorated after the brome oblata falls down, the harvest is influenced, the harvest difficulty is increased, and the loss rate of grains is increased. Researches show that the yield reduction amplitude of the brome fasciata caused by lodging is about 20-30 percent, and even the brome fasciata is out of production.
Therefore, the lodging-resistant cultivation technology of bromus oblata is vigorously popularized, and the contradiction relation between high yield and lodging resistance and between high quality and lodging resistance is coordinated in practical production, so that the yield of bromus oblata seeds is further improved, and the development of grassland and animal husbandry in China is positively influenced.
The prior art has a research on spraying the paclobutrazol of 500-1000 mg/L in the heading stage and the flowering stage of the bromus fasciatus, mainly researches the influence of the paclobutrazol on the yield of seeds of the bromus fasciatus, and has no obvious effect of improving the lodging resistance of the bromus fasciatus.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for improving the lodging resistance of bromus fasciatus and increasing the seed yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving lodging resistance and seed yield of bromus oblata, and the method can be used for remarkably reducing plant height, improving breaking resistance of plants, reducing lodging area and remarkably improving seed yield of plants while enhancing growth vigor of the bromus oblata, and has wide market application prospect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a cultivation method for improving lodging-resistant capability and seed yield of bromus fasciatus, which comprises the step of spraying a lodging-resistant solution at the jointing stage and/or the booting stage of the bromus fasciatus.
Further, the lodging-resistant solution comprises an trinexapac-ethyl solution and a silicon fertilizer solution.
Further, the concentration of the trinexapac-ethyl solution is 150-450g/hm 2 The concentration of the silicon fertilizer solution is 467-1867g/hm 2 。
Further, the spraying amount of the lodging-resistant solution is 700mL/15m 2 。
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation, namely selecting land blocks which are flat in terrain, medium and uniform in soil fertility, consistent in previous crops, free of weeds, free of soil-borne diseases, good in irrigation and drainage conditions and free of buildings or trees on the periphery, applying fertilizers to the selected land blocks, then carrying out plowing treatment, and irrigating water on soles of the land after plowing;
(2) Seed treatment: after each kg of seeds are mixed with 3g of seed dressing agent, the mixture is aired for 1-2 days, the seed dressing agent is a mixture of thiram and carboxin, and the active ingredients of the thiram and the carboxin are both 200g/L;
(3) Sowing: selecting ten days of 10 months to 11 months, wherein the temperature is 20 to 25 ℃, and drilling the treated seeds with the seeding rate of 24kg/hm 2 The row spacing is 40cm, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the soil is attached to 1-2cm after sowing;
(4) Field management: seedling searching, weed removing, irrigation, lodging-resistant management and topdressing;
(5) Harvesting: and (4) harvesting when the moisture of the brome fasciata seeds is reduced to below 16% in the middle and later mature period.
Further, the fertilizer in the step (1) is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 15000-22500kg/hm 2 The plowing treatment comprises the application of 150kg/hm of urea during plowing 2 Diammonium 70kg/hm 2 100kg/hm of potassium chloride 2 And phoxim 4kg/667m 2 。
Further, the irrigation in the step (4) is specifically: 1) Proper watering is carried out when drought occurs in the seedling emergence period, so as to ensure seedling emergence; 2) Irrigating by sprinkling irrigation when water is deficient in the green turning period until the soil is not loosened by holding with hands; 3) When water is lacked in the tillering stage, a spray irrigation mode is adopted, and the irrigation depth is 5-6cm; 4) During the jointing stage drought, the method is carried out in a spray irrigation or flood irrigation mode, and the irrigation depth is more than 10cm; 5) Irrigating by sprinkling irrigation when water is deficient in the booting stage until the soil is not loosened by holding with hands; 6) And in the mature period, if strong rainfall weather occurs, paying attention to timely drainage.
Further, the additional fertilizer in the step (4) is specifically as follows: 1) And (3) tillering fertilizer: after 50% of plants enter the tillering stage, applying 50kg/hm of urea 2 (ii) a 2) Ear fertilization: after 50% of plants enter the heading stage, 70kg/hm of urea is applied 2 。
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
trinexapac-ethyl can inhibit the later period of Gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis in plant, and mainly regulates the growth of plant by increasing the content of chlorophyll, cellulose, lignin, various enzymes and other substances in plant; the silicon fertilizer can improve the silicification degree of the bromus fasciatus and has an important effect of enhancing the lodging resistance of the stems of the bromus fasciatus.
According to experimental research, the invention discovers that the reasonably compounded trinexapac-ethyl solution and the silicon fertilizer solution are sprayed at the same time in the jointing stage and the booting stage of the bromus fasciatus, so that the bromus fasciatus growth is enhanced, the plant height of a plant is obviously reduced, the bending resistance of the plant is improved, the lodging area is reduced, the seed yield of the plant is obviously improved, the problems of large-area lodging, kernel mildew, low quality, high harvesting difficulty, serious kernel loss, unstable yield and the like easily occurring in the production of the bromus fasciatus seeds are solved, and the problem that two contradictions of high yield and lodging resistance, high quality and lodging resistance, which are commonly existing in the production of the bromus fasciatus seeds, are not adjustable is solved.
Meanwhile, the cultivation method provided by the invention is developed in Sichuan plain and low-altitude areas, large-area lodging of brome can be effectively prevented, the yield of brome per hectare can be increased by 10.7% to the maximum extent, and the economic benefit per hectare can be increased by 8680.63 yuan compared with that of brome planting fields which lodging under the same conditions. Therefore, the method brings good economic benefit to the planting field of the bromus fasciatus and has wide market application prospect.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including but not limited to.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving lodging resistance and seed yield of bromus oblata comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: selecting land parcels with smooth terrain, moderate and uniform soil fertility, consistent previous crops, no weeds, no soil-borne diseases, good irrigation and drainage conditions and no buildings or trees around; applying 15000kg/hm of farmyard manure per mu in the selected land 2 Then ploughing, and applying 250kg/hm of urea in deep ploughing 2 Diammonium at 120kg/hm 2 150kg/hm potassium chloride 2 . 5kg/667m of phoxim is broadcast applied per mu during plowing 2 And is used for controlling soil insects. Irrigating water on the soles after plowing.
(2) Seed treatment:
1) Seed dressing: the smut is prevented and treated by dressing 3g/kg of seed dressing agent which is a mixture of thiram and carboxin, wherein the content of the effective component of the thiram is 200g/L, and the content of the effective component of the carboxin is 200g/L.
2) And (3) airing: sun-drying for 1 day, and turning over for 2 times per day.
(3) Sowing: sowing at the beginning of 10 months at an environment temperature of 20 ℃ and a sowing amount of 24kg/hm 2 . Ditching and drilling are adopted, and the row spacing is 40cm. The depth of ditching and sowing is 2cm, and the soil is attached to the sowed part for 1cm.
(4) And (3) managing after seed emergence:
1) Seedling searching: after the seeds emerge for one week, the emergence situation in the field is checked, and if the lack of seedlings is more than 1m, the seeds should be sowed in time and reseeded.
(5) Managing weeds:
after emergence of seedlings, weeds appearing in large areas are prevented and removed in an artificial removal or chemical control mode.
The weed management method comprises the following specific steps:
a treatment of soil
1) The pesticide is applied to the field oat seriously before sowing, and the 40 percent of the avenanthramide missible oil 175ml/667m can be used before land preparation and sowing 2 Adding water, spraying on ground, harrowing with round piece, mixing with 10cm soil layer, and sowing. It also has good control effect on Aleurites communis and Poa pratensis.
2) Chemical herbicide is applied after sowing and before seedlingThe soil is sealed, and the effect on the planting field of the brome platura before the seedling after the sowing is more obvious. The medicaments used were: 25% chlortoluron wettable powder 200g/667m 2 Adding 50kg of water, spraying 2 days after sowing the sparassis spades, performing surface treatment, or using 75g/667m of 50% prometryn wettable powder 2 Or 100ml/667m of 50% of bentazon emulsifiable concentrate and 48% of inhaul emulsifiable concentrate respectively 2 After mixing, water is added to spray the mixture on the ground, and gramineous weeds and some broadleaf weeds can be effectively prevented and removed.
b weeding in later growth stage
1) The artificial weeding method is adopted, and weeds are transported out after the weeding.
2) When broad-leaved weeds are mainly used in the bromus platyphylla planting field in spring, duPont giant star, methoxone, maxi and the like can be selected for carrying out stem leaf treatment.
3) For the plantation field of the bromus fasciatus with mixed growth of wild oat and other monocotyledon weeds and broadleaf weeds, the herbicide can be used by mixing, for example, 75 percent of giant star and 6.9 percent of Biaoma, methoxone and bentazone, chlorfenapyr, prometryn or indian farmer, 2.4-D butyl ester and Biao tiger and the like, the herbicide spectrum can be expanded, and the weeding effect can be effectively improved. The pesticide application time is generally from the green turning of wheat to the early jointing stage, the pesticide spraying method is proper, and the severe weather such as strong wind, low temperature, dry and early season, cold and tide and the like is avoided during pesticide application.
4) Pest control in later growth stage
And (3) preventing and controlling aphids in the ear stage, wherein the amount of the hundred aphids exceeds 500 heads in the early stage of poplar flower grouting, and the aphids are sprayed by adding water 15kg into 30ml of Baijia + 5g of Lei war or 30ml of Baijia + 15ml of nongxing, or 30ml of nongxing + 5g of Lei war.
5) Disease control in later growth stage
In the period from the late booting stage of the brome oblata to the early heading stage of the brome, 8g of 30% kresoxim-methyl is applied, 15kg of Meinengliang No. I is added with water, and 30-45kg of the Menensis-Pan No. I is added into each mu of land.
(6) Irrigation management:
1) And (3) seedling stage: and drought occurs after sowing, watering is carried out in time, the water content is not excessive, and seedling emergence is ensured.
2) A green turning period: when the soil is lack of water, irrigation is carried out in a sprinkling irrigation mode, and the soil is held by hands and is not loosened as an irrigation standard.
3) And (3) tillering stage: irrigate with the mode of sprinkling irrigation when the soil appears lacking in water, need give the more moisture of ribbon-ear sparrow wheat this moment, satisfy its growth demand, irrigate the degree of depth and be 5cm.
4) In the jointing stage: at the moment, the bromus platanus needs more water, when the soil is dry, the method of spray irrigation or flood irrigation is adopted, and the irrigation depth is more than 10cm.
5) And (3) booting stage: when the soil is lack of water, irrigation is carried out in a sprinkling irrigation mode, and the soil is held by hands and is not loosened as an irrigation standard.
6) And (3) in the mature period: at the moment, the brome spades do not need too much water, and drainage is needed in time if heavy rainfall weather occurs.
(7) Lodging resistance chemical control management:
1) And (4) spraying the lodging-resistant solution once in the jointing stage of the bromus fasciatus.
2) And (4) spraying the lodging-resistant solution once in the booting period of the bromus fasciatus.
3) And (4) spraying the lodging-resistant solution once in the jointing and booting period of the bromus fasciatus.
The urea is applied in different growth periods of the brome oblata to meet the growth requirement of the brome oblata. The specific fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) tillering fertilizer: after 50% of plants enter the tillering stage, applying 50kg/hm of urea 2 。
2) Ear fertilizer: after 50% of plants enter the heading stage, 70kg/hm of urea is applied 2 。
(8) Harvesting the bromus fasciatus seeds: harvesting the seeds at the middle and later stages of the complete maturity of the brome fasciata when the moisture of the seeds is naturally reduced to below 16 percent.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving lodging resistance and seed yield of bromus fasciatus comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: selecting land parcels with smooth terrain, moderate and uniform soil fertility, consistent previous crops, no weeds, no soil-borne diseases, good irrigation and drainage conditions and no buildings or trees around; 22500kg/hm of farmyard manure is applied to each mu of land in a selected land area 2 Then, howeverThen plowing is carried out, and 150kg/hm of urea is applied in deep plowing 2 Diammonium 70kg/hm 2 100kg/hm of potassium chloride 2 . 4kg/667m phoxim is broadcast applied to each mu during plowing 2 And is used for controlling soil insects. Irrigating water in the soil moisture of the sole after plowing.
(2) Seed treatment:
1) Seed dressing: the smut is prevented and treated by dressing 3g/kg of seed dressing agent, the seed dressing agent is a mixture of thiram and carboxin, wherein the content of active ingredients of the thiram is 200g/L, and the content of active ingredients of the carboxin is 200g/L.
2) And (3) airing: sun-drying for 2 days, and turning over for 1 time every day.
(3) Sowing: sowing in 11-month last ten days at 25 deg.C and 24kg/hm 2 . Ditching and drilling are adopted, and the row spacing is 40cm. The depth of ditching and sowing is 3cm, and the soil is attached to the sowed soil by 2cm.
(4) Managing after seed emergence:
1) Seedling searching: after the seeds emerge for one week, the emergence situation in the field is checked, and if the lack of seedlings is more than 1m, the seeds should be sowed in time and reseeded.
(5) Managing weeds:
after emergence of seedlings, weeds appearing in large areas are prevented and removed in an artificial removal or chemical control mode.
The weed management method comprises the following specific steps:
a treatment of soil
1) The pesticide is applied to the wild oat to cause severe land mass before sowing, and 40% of avenantha missible oil 200ml/667m can be used before land preparation and sowing 2 Adding water, spraying on ground, harrowing with round piece, mixing with 10cm soil layer, and sowing. Has better control effect on the alopecurus as well as the bluegrass.
2) After sowing, the chemical herbicide is applied before seedling to seal soil, and the effect on the brome platysternon planting field after sowing can be more obvious. The medicaments used were: 25% chlortoluron wettable powder 400 g/667m 2 Adding 50kg of water, spraying 2 days after sowing bromus oblata, and performing surface treatment, or using 50% prometryn wettable powder 100g/667m 2 Or 100ml/667m of 50% of bentazon emulsifiable concentrate and 48% of inhaul emulsifiable concentrate respectively 2 After mixing, water is added to spray the mixture on the ground, and gramineous weeds and some broadleaf weeds can be effectively prevented and removed.
b weeding in later growth stage
1) The artificial weeding method is adopted, and weeds are transported out after the weeding.
2) When broad-leaved weeds are mainly used in the bromus oblata planting field in spring, duPont Juxing, methoxone, maxi, etc. can be used for stem and leaf treatment.
3) For the field planted with the sparassis oblata with wild oat and other monocotyledon weeds and broad-leaved weeds, the herbicide can be mixed with, for example, 75% of giant star and 6.9% of Biaoma, methoxone and bentazon, chlorfenapyr, prometryn or indian farmer, 2.4-D butyl ester and Biao tiger, etc., so that the weed control spectrum can be expanded, and the weeding effect can be effectively improved. The pesticide application time is generally from the green turning of wheat to the early jointing stage, the pesticide spraying method is proper, and the severe weather such as strong wind, low temperature, dry and early season, cold and tide and the like is avoided during pesticide application.
4) Pest control in later growth stage
And (3) preventing and controlling aphids in the ear stage, wherein the amount of the hundred aphids exceeds 500 heads in the early stage of poplar flower grouting, and the aphids are sprayed by adding water 15kg into 30ml of Baijia + 5g of Lei war or 30ml of Baijia + 15ml of nongxing, or 30ml of nongxing + 5g of Lei war.
5) Disease control in later growth stage
In the period from the late booting stage of the brome fasciata to the early heading stage, powdery mildew begins to occur, 8g of 30% kresoxim-methyl is applied, 15kg of beautiful/beautiful I is added with water, and 30-45kg of the powdery mildew is applied to each mu of land.
(6) Irrigation management:
1) And (3) seedling stage: and drought occurs after sowing, watering is carried out in time, the water content is not too much, and the seedling emergence is ensured.
2) A green turning period: when the soil is lack of water, irrigation is carried out in a sprinkling irrigation mode, and the soil is held by hands and is not loosened as an irrigation standard.
3) And (3) tillering stage: irrigate with the mode of sprinkling irrigation when the soil lacks water, will give the more moisture of ribbon-ear sparrow wheat this moment, satisfy its growth demand, irrigate the degree of depth and be 6cm.
4) And (3) jointing stage: at the moment, the bromus platanus needs more water, when the soil is dry, the method of spray irrigation or flood irrigation is adopted, and the irrigation depth is more than 10cm.
5) And (3) booting stage: when the soil is lack of water, irrigation is carried out in a sprinkling irrigation mode, and the soil is held by hands and is not loosened as an irrigation standard.
6) And (3) mature period: at the moment, the brome spades do not need too much water, and drainage is needed in time if heavy rainfall weather occurs.
(7) Lodging resistance chemical control management:
1) And spraying the lodging-resistant solution once in the jointing stage of the brome platura.
2) And (3) spraying the lodging-resistant solution once in the booting period of the bromus fasciatus.
3) And (3) spraying the lodging-resistant solution once in the jointing and booting period of the brome oblata.
The urea is applied in different growth periods of the brome oblata to meet the growth requirement of the brome oblata. The specific fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) tillering fertilizer: after 50% of plants enter the tillering stage, 70kg/hm of urea is applied 2 。
2) Ear fertilization: after 50% of plants enter the heading stage, 180kg/hm of urea is applied 2 。
(8) Harvesting the seeds of the brome platura: harvesting the seeds at the middle and later stages of the complete maturity of the brome fasciata when the moisture of the seeds is naturally reduced to below 16 percent.
Test example 1
The inventor utilizes different concentrations of lodging-resistant solutions to explore the lodging-resistant capability and seed yield of the 'Chuanxi' bromus spades in different growth periods in the grassy test base of Sichuan agricultural university in Sichuan province in 2021.
1. Test materials
The material used in the test, named Chuanxi, bromus spades is a national standard variety and is provided by a grass subject group of the university of Sichuan agriculture; trinexapac-ethyl (AR grade) is provided by shanghai-sourced leaf biotechnology limited; the silicon fertilizer is sodium silicate (Na) 2 SiO 3 ·9H 2 O), provided by the national pharmaceutical group chemical agents ltd, grade GR.
(1) Preparation method of trinexapac-ethyl solution
①150g/hm 2 Preparation method of trinexapac-ethyl
Because the trinexapac-ethyl solution is missible oil, the trinexapac-ethyl solution is dissolved in alcohol and then dissolved in water. Dissolving 182 μ L of trinexapac-ethyl solution in 10ml of alcohol, adding 690ml of water into a spray tank during spraying, adding the prepared trinexapac-ethyl solution, shaking uniformly, and spraying
②300g/hm 2 Preparation method of trinexapac-ethyl
Because the trinexapac-ethyl solution is missible oil, the trinexapac-ethyl solution is dissolved in alcohol and then dissolved in water. Dissolving 363 μ L of trinexapac-ethyl solution in 10ml of alcohol, adding 690ml of water into a spray bucket during spraying, adding the prepared trinexapac-ethyl solution, shaking up, and spraying
③450g/hm 2 Preparation method of trinexapac-ethyl
Because the trinexapac-ethyl solution is missible oil, the trinexapac-ethyl solution is dissolved in alcohol and then dissolved in water. Dissolving 454 μ L of trinexapac-ethyl solution in 10ml of alcohol, adding 690ml of water into spray tank during spraying, adding prepared trinexapac-ethyl solution, shaking, and spraying
(2) Preparation method of silicon fertilizer solution
①467g/hm 2 Preparation method of silicon fertilizer
0.7g of sodium silicate is weighed and dissolved in 0.7L of water, and the mixture is shaken up before being sprayed.
②1167g/hm 2 Preparation method of silicon fertilizer
1.75g of sodium silicate is weighed and dissolved in 0.7L of water and shaken up before spraying.
③1867g/hm 2 Preparation method of silicon fertilizer
2.8g of sodium silicate is weighed and dissolved in 0.7L of water, and the mixture is shaken up before being sprayed.
(3) Preparation method of trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer mixed solution
①150g/hm 2 Trinexapac-ethyl of +467g/hm 2 Silicon fertilizer
0.7g of sodium silicate is weighed and dissolved in 0.7L of water, 182 mu L of trinexapac-ethyl solution is dissolved in 10ml of alcohol, and the two solutions are fully and evenly mixed before spraying.
②300g/hm 2 Trinexapac-ethyl of (C) +1167g/hm 2 Silicon fertilizer
Weighing 1.75g of sodium silicate, dissolving in 0.7L of water, dissolving 363 mu L of trinexapac-ethyl solution in 10ml of alcohol, and mixing the two solutions before spraying.
③450g/hm 2 Trinexapac-ethyl of +1867g/hm 2 Silicon fertilizer
2.8g of sodium silicate is weighed and dissolved in 0.7L of water, 454 mu L of trinexapac-ethyl solution is dissolved in 10ml of alcohol, and the two solutions are fully and evenly mixed before spraying.
2. General description of the test site
The experimental region is a grassy teaching and scientific research base of the Sichuan agriculture university of Oncorhynchus Chongzhou city of Sichuan province, which is located at 103 degrees 21 'of east longitude and 30 degrees 32' of north latitude, has an altitude of 512m, and is a continental tropical humid monsoon climate. The average temperature of the whole year is 15.6 ℃, the average temperature of the hottest month is 28.3 ℃, and the average temperature of the coldest month is 5.2 ℃. The annual average sunshine hours is 1172.3h, the annual average rainfall is 1021.3mm, and the soil pH is 6.2. Organic matter 35.9g/kg 1 Soil available phosphorus content 9.6mg/kg 1 Total nitrogen content 2.15g/kg 1 The effective potassium content is 79mg/kg 1 . The previous crop is sorghum.
3. Design of experiments
The experiment is completed in 2020-2021 in the grassy experiment base of modern agriculture research and development base of Sichuan agriculture university, the variety to be tested is 'Chuanxi' sparrow wheat, and the cell area is 15m 2 (3 x 5 m), the cell spacing is 0.5m, drill seeding is adopted, and the row spacing is 40cm. Sowing depth of 2-3cm, soil attached after sowing of 1-2cm, sowing quantity of 24kg/hm 2 3 replicates of each treatment are set, 1m protective rows are arranged at the periphery of the test field, 3g/kg of seed dressing agent is used for seed dressing before sowing to prevent smut, and the method of the embodiment 1 is used for cultivation and planting.
Selecting windless and sunny weather, respectively spraying lodging-resistant solution on leaf surfaces in the jointing stage, the booting stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage of the Aleurea oblata in 'Chuanxi', separating test cells by using barriers during spraying, spraying the test cells with the application dosage of 700ml, spraying tap water on a control group, spraying by using a spraying cylinder, and taking the condition that leaves on the upper part of a plant are moist and do not drip water as a standard. Harvesting in the wax ripeness stage of the seeds, and further measuring various physiological indexes of the seeds. The spraying dosage is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 application periods and amounts of lodging-resistant solutions
Comparative example 1
The difference from test example 1 is that trinexapac-ethyl is replaced by paclobutrazol. The application is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Comparative example 2
The difference from test example 1 is that the lodging resistant solution includes only the trinexapac-ethyl solution. The application is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Comparative example 3
The difference from test example 1 is that the lodging resistant solution includes only the silicon fertilizer solution. The application is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
Test example 2
The brome oblata was cultivated by the methods of test example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and each index was examined by the following method:
1. measurement items and methods
1.1 agronomic traits
1.1.1 plant height
The height of the plant is measured by a metric ruler by randomly selecting 10 positions of reproductive branches (fixed by a label) in each test cell, and the data are averaged and carried out in the milk stage.
1.1.2 measurement of second and third Stem node Length, stem thickness and wall thickness
The reproductive branches at 10 positions are randomly selected in each test cell, the lengths of the second section and the third section (the part close to the ground is the first section) are measured by using a ruler, the thickness of the outer diameter (the leaf sheath is peeled off) and the wall thickness are measured by using a vernier caliper, and the data are averaged and carried out in the milk stage.
1.1.3 ear-to-ear node and ear length
And randomly selecting 10 positions of reproductive branches in each test cell, measuring the lower ear nodes and the ear length of the reproductive branches by using a ruler, measuring the lower ear node thickness by using a vernier caliper, and averaging the data to perform in the milk stage.
1.1.4 reproductive shoot number and tiller number
Selecting 3 sampling rows with uniform growth and 0.2m in each test cell, measuring the number of reproductive branches and tillering, averaging the data, and performing in the milk stage.
1.1.5 spikelet count, seed count
Randomly selecting 10 positions of reproductive branches in each test cell, and determining the spikelet number and the seed number of the reproductive branches, wherein the spikelet number is carried out in the full-bloom stage, and the spikelet number and the seed number are carried out in the milk stage
1.1.6 stalk breaking strength, lodging resistance index and stalk filling degree
During the milk ripeness period of the 'Chuanxi' bromus platanus, 10 reproductive branches are randomly selected. Taking back the stalks in the field, and keeping the leaf sheaths, the leaves and the ears. Placing internode stems (with leaf sheaths reserved) to be measured on a measuring device, enabling the internode middle points to correspond to the middle point of the measuring device (the distance between supporting points is 5 cm), hanging a spring scale at the middle point, pulling the spring scale downwards slowly until the stems are broken, recording scale values of the spring scale at the moment, converting the scale values into mass, and multiplying the mass by the gravity acceleration to obtain the breaking resistance of the internode of the stems.
And (4) calculating the stalk lodging index, namely randomly taking 10 representative single stalks from each test cell in the milk stage, measuring the bending resistance of the second and third internodes of the stalks, the length from the base of the internode to the top of the ear and the fresh weight of the stalks, and calculating the bending moment and the lodging index of N3 and N4 according to the method of the rice-flour noodles.
Bending moment = internode base to ear tip length (cm) × fresh weight (g) from internode base to ear tip
Lodging index = bending moment/breaking resistance × 100
Stalk filling degree, dry weight between stalk nodes (mg)/length between nodes (cm)
1.2 measurement of chlorophyll content
Measuring in the full bloom stage of 'Chuanxi' brome, shearing the middle part of the brome flag leaf, cleaning dirt on the surface of the leaf, then sucking water on the surface of the leaf by using absorbent paper, shearing the brome flag leaf into fragments with the diameter of less than 2mm, uniformly mixing, accurately weighing 0.2g of the brome flag leaf, and placing the brome flag leaf into a test tube with the volume of more than 15 mL. And (3) fixing the volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to 10ml (keeping out of the sun), shaking once every 10min until the leaves are completely whitened, putting 3ml of DMSO chlorophyll leaching liquor into a cuvette, taking a DMSO stock solution as a blank, measuring by using a spectrophotometer, reading optical density values of 645nm and 663nm, putting the extracted sample into a 65 ℃ oven to dry, and calculating the chlorophyll content according to a formula used by Anron.
Chl a content (mg/L) = (12.7 XOD) 663 +2.59×OD 645 )×V/(W×1000)
Chl b content (mg/L) = (22.9 × OD) 645 +4.68×OD 663 )×V/(W×1000)
Chl (a + b) content (mg/L) = (20.2 × OD) 645 +8.02×OD 663 )×V/(W×1000)
In the formula, OD: measuring the optical density value at the wavelength; v: total volume (ml) of chlorophyll extract; w: sample dry weight (g).
1.3 determination of grain filling Rate
Grouting rate determination and calculation: and (3) selecting main scions with consistent initial flowering period, and sampling from the 7 th day after flowering, wherein the sampling is carried out for 1 time every 7d until the scions are mature. Randomly selecting 10 main stem ears in each test cell, respectively taking 10 seeds in the middle of each ear, taking 100 seeds in total, determining the fresh weight of the seeds, then drying for 30min at 105 ℃ for enzyme deactivation, then drying for 24h at 80 ℃ to constant weight, and weighing the seeds to thousand weight. And counting the grain number of the grains per spike, converting the grain weight into thousand grain weight, and calculating the grouting rate.
1.4 determination of cellulose Lignin
The milk ripeness stage of the Bromus spades is measured. During measurement, the 3 rd stem node cut by scissors is put into a 105 ℃ oven for deactivation of enzymes for 0.5h, and then is crushed at 65 ℃ for 8h, and the measurement is carried out by using cellulose and lignin.
The method for measuring cellulose and lignin comprises the following steps: the content of cellulose and lignin in the stem is measured by concentrated acid hydrolysis according to the method of Schruchuqin and the like.
1.5 determination of size and quantity of stalk vascular bundles
Taking the 3 rd internode at the base of the 'Chuanxi' bromus fasciatus as a sample, taking 5 representative single stems without diseases and insects in each test cell in the milk stage, cutting a section of 2-3cm in the middle of the internode, and fixing by using Carnot solution (ethanol: glacial acetic acid = 3). Slices were cut by hand and transferred to petri dishes, examined by stereomicroscope, and sections of uniform thickness were picked for staining. Transferring to a glass bottle containing 1% safranin (prepared with distilled water, aging for more than 3 months), transferring to a culture dish containing distilled water after 1min, washing off the safranin, and transferring to a glass slide to obtain a temporary slide. Photographs were taken under an Olympus UTV0.5 × C3 microscope. Counting the number of large vascular bundles (inner ring vascular bundles), the number of small vascular bundles (outer ring vascular bundles) and the number of mechanical tissue layers. Vascular bundle size and mechanical tissue thickness were measured using Motic Images Advanced 3.2 Picture analysis software. The cross-sectional area of the vascular bundle is calculated according to the elliptical area formula S = pi ab/4 (a, b are the maximum diameters in 2 directions in length and width).
1.6 root to crown ratio
During the milk ripeness stage measurement of 'Chuanxi' bromus fasciatus, 3 line segments of 0.1m are randomly dug out in each experimental plot, the stems and the roots are separated, impurities on the roots are wiped and cleaned, and data are measured.
Calculating the formula: root-to-crown ratio = root fresh weight/fresh weight of aerial parts
1.7 Effect of the storage of the assimilates in the Pre-anthesis and the assimilation after the flower on the various vegetative organs
In the initial flowering period, the test plots are marked by spike markers which bloom on the same day, 10 marked individual main stems are taken from each plot at 0,7, 14, 21, 28 and 35DAA (Days after flowering), and the dry weight is weighed according to the three parts of the spikes, the leaves and the stems.
A calculation formula of the dry matter accumulation and transport parameters of the nutritive organs is as follows:
transport amount of pre-anthesis nutritive organ storage assimilate = anthesis nutritive organ dry weight-maturity nutritive organ dry weight
Operation rate of pre-anthesis vegetative organ storage assimilate = (flowering phase dry weight-mature phase dry weight)/flowering phase dry weight
Seed input amount = good seed dry weight in mature period-transport amount of nutrient storage assimilate in pre-anthesis
The contribution rate (%) of the nutritional organ storage isomorphism to the grain yield is = the transport amount of the pre-flowering storage isomorphism (or the transport amount of the post-flowering dry matter)/the dry weight of the grain in the mature period is multiplied by 100%
1.8 lodging Classification and determination of lodging Rate
Recording different lodging treatment periods before harvest of 'Chuanxi' spaghetti, grading lodging conditions 3d before harvest of seeds, classifying lodging degrees into 0-5 grades according to included angles between main stems and the ground by methods such as QiaoChunjin and the like, wherein the 0 grade is 75-90 degrees, the 1 grade is 60-75 degrees, the 2 grade is 45-60 degrees, the 3 grade is 30-45 degrees, the 4 grade is 15-30 degrees, and the 5 grade is 0-15 degrees
1.9 seed yield
When the maturity of the seeds is 70% -80%, removing the sampling rows, harvesting each test cell twice according to different maturity of the seeds, and finally converting the yield into hectare yield.
1.10 determination of seed Germination Rate and Germination potential
After the seeds in each test cell are harvested, carrying out standard germination tests on 100 random seeds, wherein the germination time is 14 days, and recording the germination when the length of the embryo bud reaches 1/2 of the length of the seeds or the length of the embryo root reaches the length of the seeds. And counting germination vigor on the 7 th day and germination rate on the 14 th day. On day 14, 20 seedlings were randomly selected from each replicate and their germ length, radicle length, was determined.
Germination rate: the percentage of the number of normal germination seeds in the final germination period to the total number of test seeds is referred to.
Namely, the germination rate GR = (N0/N) × 100%. In the formula, N0 is the number of all germinated seeds in the final germination period; n is the number of test seeds.
1.11 determination of soluble sugar and starch content
After the seeds are harvested, 100 seeds of each cell are randomly selected, and the determination method refers to Yuanhua 'plant physiological and biochemical experiment'.
1.12 evaluation of production economics
And evaluating the production economic benefit generated by the yield increasing part of the seeds of the brome spades in the west China after the seeds are harvested, thereby evaluating the economic benefit generated by spraying silicon fertilizer to the yield increasing part.
2. Data analysis processing
Data collation was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010, and plotting was performed using GraphPad Prism 5. One-way AVOVA is used in SPSS 26.0 to carry out variance analysis on the plant height, the 2 nd and 3 rd internodes length and the outer diameter of the Aleurites communis treated by the silicon fertilizer in the spraying period with different concentrations, the stalk folding resistance, the lodging resistance index, the stalk fullness and the cellulose content. Multiple comparisons were made with the Duncan method when the F value reached a significant level. And (4) after the measured morphological indexes, physical characteristics and chemical components are arranged, correlation analysis, grey correlation degree analysis, membership function comprehensive analysis and the like are carried out on the sorted measured morphological indexes, physical characteristics and chemical components and the seed yield.
3. Results
TABLE 5 Effect of different concentrations of lodging-resistant solutions on agronomic performance
As can be seen from table 5, the plant height of the 'chuanxi' brome plant is significantly lower than that of the CK treatment when different plant growth regulators are sprayed in the elongation stage, wherein the effect is the best in the TS2 and TS3 treatments, and is significantly reduced by 12.79% and 13.41% (P < 0.05) respectively compared with the CK treatment, and although the treatment effect of other types of plant growth regulators is significantly different from that of the CK treatment, the treatment effect is lower than that of trinexapac-ethyl + silicon fertilizer. The length of the lower ear of the bromus fasciatus in Chuanxi is shortened along with the increase of the concentration of the plant growth regulator under different treatments, the effect is best under the TS2 treatment and the TS3 treatment, and the lengths are respectively and obviously reduced by 16.3 percent and 19.86 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the CK treatment; the CNa3 treatment effect is the best in the compound fertilizer treatment of the paclobutrazol and the silicon fertilizer, and is obviously reduced by 18.82 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control treatment; although the length of the nodes under the spikes in the single application of trinexapac-ethyl treatment is obviously lower than that of the control treatment, the treatment effect is lower than that of the compound treatment. The sub-panicle node thickness increased with the increase of the concentration of the plant growth regulator, wherein the stem thickness was significantly higher when the concentration was the highest in the treatments of trinexapac-ethyl + silicon fertilizer, paclobutrazol + silicon fertilizer and single spray silicon fertilizer than in the CK treatment. The lodging rate is reduced along with the increase of the spraying concentration, wherein the performance effect of TS3 under the treatment of the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound fertilizer is optimal, and is obviously reduced by 19.05 percent compared with the control treatment, and is lower than each treatment.
When different types of plant growth regulators are sprayed in the booting stage, the plant height of the TS5 and TS6 in the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound fertilizer is lower than that of other plant growth regulators by 10.35 percent and 11.45 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with that of the control treatment, the plant height is reduced along with the increase of the spraying concentration of other types of plant growth regulators, but the reduction effect is lower than that of the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound plant growth regulators. The expression effect of the spike length is consistent with that of the plant height, the spike length is shortened along with the increase of the concentration of the sprayed matter, and the treatment effect under high concentration is obviously higher than that of CK treatment. The length of the nodes under the spikes is reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the sprayed substances, and the treatment effects of the plant growth regulators with different concentrations are obviously higher than those of CK treatment, wherein the treatment effects of TS5 and TS6 in the treatment of the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compounded plant growth regulator are the best, and are obviously reduced by 10.35 percent and 11.45 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the CK treatment. The lodging rate is obviously lower than that of the control treatment under the treatment of the trinexapac-ethyl and the silicon fertilizer and the treatment of the paclobutrazol and silicon fertilizer compounded plant growth regulator. The effect of the treatment of the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound plant growth regulator is better than that of the treatment of the paclobutrazol and silicon fertilizer compound plant growth regulator.
The treatment effect of spraying twice in the jointing stage and the booting stage is superior to the effect of single spraying in the jointing stage and the booting stage, and the treatment effect of each plant growth regulator is superior to CK treatment. The plant height is remarkably reduced by 19.96 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control treatment under the TS9 treatment in the treatment of the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound; the length of the panicle node under the TS8 treatment is the shortest, and is obviously reduced by 41 percent compared with the control treatment (P is less than 0.05); lower than each treatment of the different sprays. The under-ear knot coarseness significantly increased by 21.93% (P < 0.05) under the TS9 treatment compared to the control treatment, and the under-ear knot coarseness increased with the increase of the concentration of the different sprays. Wherein the spraying effect of the trinexapac-ethyl and the silicon fertilizer compound is the best, and the spraying effect of the trinexapac-ethyl and the silicon fertilizer compound is the second one. The chlorophyll content showed a tendency to increase with increasing spray concentration, and the chlorophyll content of the plant leaves was significantly higher under different spray treatments than the CK treatment. Spray levels of different concentrations have different effects on the lodging rate of 'chuanxi' bromus platyphylla plants. The lodging rate of TS9 treatment is lowest under the treatment of the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound, and is remarkably reduced by 65.56 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control treatment. The plant height shows a trend of reducing the lodging rate with the increase of spraying concentration under the treatment of other spraying materials. The treatment effect is as follows: the trinexapac-ethyl and the silicon fertilizer compound is more than the paclobutrazol and the silicon fertilizer compound is more than the trinexapac-ethyl single application is more than the silicon fertilizer single application.
TABLE 6 Effect of different concentrations of lodging resistant solutions on seed yield
As can be seen from table 6, the seed setting rate of the 'chuanxi' brome can be improved to different degrees by spraying the prepared substances with different concentrations in the jointing stage, and the effect when the compound spraying substance of trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer is sprayed is better than that of the paclobutrazol-silicon fertilizer, the trinexapac-ethyl by single application and the silicon fertilizer by single application. The setting percentage under the TS1, TS2 and TS3 treatments is respectively and obviously improved by 3.03%, 5.27% and 8.54% compared with the control treatment (P is less than 0.05). The dry spike weight shows a trend of increasing along with the increase of the concentration of the spraying substance, the dry spike weight is higher when the compound spraying substance of the trinexapac-ethyl and the silicon fertilizer is sprayed than other spraying substance treatments, and the dry spike weight is obviously increased by 7.75 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control treatment under the TS3 treatment. The seed yield shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing concentration of different types of compound applications. Under the treatment of a compound spraying substance of trinexapac-ethyl and a silicon fertilizer, TS1, TS2 and TS3 treatment are respectively and obviously increased by 3.69 percent, 8.08 percent and 6.47 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with control treatment; the CNa1, CNa2 and CNa3 treatments under the treatment of the compound spray of the paclobutrazol and the silicon fertilizer are respectively increased by 2.59 percent, 6.41 percent and 4.73 percent compared with the CK treatment; the CNb2 and CNb3 treatments under the single application trinexapac-ethyl treatment are respectively increased by 5.37% and 3.59% compared with the CK treatment; the CNc2 and CNc3 treatments were increased by 4.5% and 2.73% respectively under the single silicon fertilizer application treatment compared with the CK treatment. The economic benefit when spraying the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound spray is obviously higher than CK treatment and also obviously higher than the treatment of the compound spray of comparative examples 1-3.
The setting rate of the compound spraying substance sprayed with the trinexapac-ethyl and the silicon fertilizer in the booting stage is higher than that of the compound spraying substance sprayed with the trinexapac-ethyl and the silicon fertilizer in other three types, and the setting rate of the compound spraying substance treated with the TS4 is obviously improved by 5.72 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with that of the CK treatment. The dry weight of the spike is significantly higher than that of the control treatment at the highest concentration under the conditions of spraying the compound spray of paclobutrazol and silicon fertilizer and the treatment of trinexapac-ethyl. Seed yield and economic income increase with increasing concentrations of different types of formulated sprays. When the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound spraying material is sprayed, the seed yield and the economic benefit of the TS5 and TS6 treatment are respectively and obviously increased by 6.41 percent and 5.1 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the CK treatment. When the compound spray of paclobutrazol and silicon fertilizer is sprayed, the seed yield and economic benefit of CNa4, CNa5 and CNa6 treatment are respectively and obviously increased by 2.26%, 4.2% and 3.57% (P is less than 0.05) compared with CK treatment. The seed yield and economic benefit of CNb5 and CNb6 treatment are respectively increased by 3.6% and 2.63% when spraying trinexapac-ethyl (P < 0.05). When the silicon fertilizer is sprayed, the seed yield and the economic benefit of the CNc5 and CNc6 treatment are respectively and obviously increased by 3.03 percent and 1.87 percent compared with the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05).
The setting rate of the compound spraying agent of trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer sprayed in the jointing stage and the booting stage under each concentration treatment is obviously higher than that of CK treatment, and the setting rate is higher than that of other types of compound spraying agents. When the dry weight of the spike is sprayed with a complex spray of trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer, TS7 and TS8 are remarkably increased by 21 percent and 19.17 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with CK treatment; when the compound spray of paclobutrazol and silicon fertilizer is sprayed, the CNa7 treatment is obviously increased by 13.75 percent compared with CK treatment (P is less than 0.05); when the trinexapac-ethyl is sprayed, the CNb7 and CNb8 treatment is obviously increased by 10.25 percent and 4.08 percent compared with CK treatment (P is less than 0.05); the CNc7 treatment is obviously increased by 9.25 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the CK treatment when the silicon fertilizer is sprayed.
When the trinexapac-ethyl and silicon fertilizer compound spraying agent is sprayed, the seed yield and the economic benefit of TS7, TS8 and TS9 treatment are respectively and obviously increased by 10.7 percent, 8.68 percent and 5.04 percent (P is less than 0.05). When the compound spray of paclobutrazol and silicon fertilizer is sprayed, the seed yield and economic benefit of CNa7, CNa8 and CNa9 treatment are respectively and obviously increased by 7.96%, 7.1% and 3.78% compared with CK treatment (P is less than 0.05). The seed yield and economic benefit of CNb7, CNb8 and CNb9 treatment are respectively increased by 9.1%, 6.25% and 2.82% when spraying trinexapac-ethyl (P < 0.05). When the silicon fertilizer is sprayed, the seed yield and the economic benefit of the CNc7, CNc8 and CNc9 treatment are respectively and obviously increased by 8.53%, 4.62% and 2.03% (P is less than 0.05) compared with CK treatment.
As can be seen from Table 6, the invention can promote the yield increase of the bromus fasciatus per hectare by as high as 10.7 percent, increase the economic benefit per hectare by as high as 8680.63 yuan, and is obviously better than comparative examples 1-3.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for improving lodging-resistant capability and seed yield of bromus fasciatus is characterized by comprising the steps of spraying a lodging-resistant solution in the jointing stage and the booting stage of bromus fasciatus;
the lodging-resistant solution comprises an trinexapac-ethyl solution and a silicon fertilizer; the dosage of the trinexapac-ethyl solution is 150-450g/hm 2 The dosage of the silicon fertilizer is 467-1867g/hm 2 。
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the lodging-resistant solution is 700mL/15m 2 。
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing land, namely selecting land blocks which are flat in terrain, medium and uniform in soil fertility, consistent in previous crops, free of weeds, free of soil-borne diseases, good in irrigation and drainage conditions and free of buildings or trees around, applying fertilizers to the selected land blocks, then carrying out plowing treatment, and irrigating water on the soil moisture of soles after plowing;
(2) Seed treatment: after each kg of seeds are dressed with 3g of seed dressing agent, airing for 1-2 days, wherein the seed dressing agent is a mixture of thiram and carboxin, and the active ingredient contents of the thiram and the carboxin are both 200g/L;
(3) Sowing: selecting ten days from the beginning of 10 months to 11 months, sowing the treated seeds at 20-25 ℃, wherein the sowing quantity is 24kg/hm 2 Row spacing is 40cm, sowing depth is 2-3cm, and soil is attached for 1-2cm after sowing;
(4) Field management: seedling searching, weed removing, irrigation, lodging-resistant management and topdressing;
(5) Harvesting: and (4) harvesting when the moisture of the brome fasciata seeds is reduced to below 16% in the middle and later mature period.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the fertilizer in step (1) is farmyard manure and is applied in an amount of 15000-22500kg/hm 2 The plowing treatment comprises applying 150kg/hm of urea during plowing 2 Diammonium 70kg/hm 2 100kg/hm of potassium chloride 2 And phoxim 4kg/667m 2 。
5. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the irrigation in step (4) is specifically: 1) Proper watering is carried out when drought occurs in the seedling emergence period, so as to ensure seedling emergence; 2) Irrigating by sprinkling irrigation in the water shortage period of the green turning period until the soil is not loosened by holding with hands; 3) Adopting a spray irrigation mode when water is deficient in the tillering stage, wherein the irrigation depth is 5-6cm; 4) During the jointing stage drought, the method is carried out in a spray irrigation or flood irrigation mode, and the irrigation depth is more than 10cm; 5) Irrigating by sprinkling irrigation when water is deficient in the booting stage until the soil is not loosened by holding with hands; 6) And in the mature period, if strong rainfall weather occurs, paying attention to timely drainage.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the additional fertilizer of the step (4) is specifically: 1) And (3) tillering fertilizer: after 50% of plants enter the tillering stage, applying 50kg/hm of urea 2 (ii) a 2) Ear fertilization: after 50% of plants enter the heading stage, 70kg/hm of urea is applied 2 。
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