CN114411030A - High-plasticity magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-plasticity magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114411030A CN114411030A CN202210074241.5A CN202210074241A CN114411030A CN 114411030 A CN114411030 A CN 114411030A CN 202210074241 A CN202210074241 A CN 202210074241A CN 114411030 A CN114411030 A CN 114411030A
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- DFIYZNMDLLCTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Gd] DFIYZNMDLLCTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910019400 Mg—Li Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-plasticity magnesium alloy which comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 8.0 percent of Gd, 5.5 to 10 percent of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy. According to the high-plasticity magnesium alloy provided by the invention, a beta-Li phase with a BCC structure and more slip systems is introduced into an alpha-Mg phase to construct a dual-phase structure, so that the plasticity of the magnesium alloy is improved; a certain amount of Gd element is added into the Mg-Li alloy, so that the texture is weakened, and the non-basal plane slippage is promoted; the introduction of beta-Li phase with good plasticity and the plasticizing method of weakening texture and the like are combined, so that the plasticity of the magnesium alloy is improved compositely.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal processing, and particularly relates to a high-plasticity magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With global resource exhaustion and increasingly serious environmental problems, environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction become the current focus topics. The requirements for lightweight of structural materials such as aerospace, transportation and 3C products are increasing day by day, and the development and application research of various light alloys is accelerated in various countries. Magnesium and magnesium alloy are used as the lightest metal structural materials at present, and have the advantages of low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good electromagnetic shielding performance, good damping performance and easy recovery, so the magnesium and magnesium alloy is known as a green structural material in the 21 st century and has wide application prospect. However, the room temperature deformability of magnesium is poor, and the industrial application of magnesium is limited, so that the research on the practical application of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy has important significance on the magnesium alloy.
The rare earth element Gd can obviously improve the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy at room temperature and high temperature. The Gd element is added to obviously refine the crystal grains of the magnesium alloy, reduce the axial ratio, promote the non-basal plane slippage, weaken the texture and improve the plasticity of the alloy. However, when the content of Gd element is too high, the plasticity is also reduced, and the plasticity of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy with high rare earth content is generally less than 10 percent.
A certain amount of Li is added into Mg to generate a beta-Li phase, so that the plasticity of the magnesium is improved. However, as the content of Li increases, the strength of the magnesium-lithium alloy decreases. The tensile strength of the general biphase Mg-Li alloy and the single beta-Li phase Mg-Li alloy is less than 150MPa, which is difficult to satisfy the industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention mainly aims to provide the high-plasticity magnesium alloy with simple components, simple processing technology and low cost. The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect: a high-plasticity magnesium alloy comprises the following chemical element compositions in percentage by mass: 1.0-8.0% of Gd, 5.5-10% of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
Preferably, the chemical element composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0% of Gd, 8% of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
Preferably, the chemical element composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.0% of Gd, 8% of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
Preferably, the chemical element composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.0% of Gd, 8% of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
In a second aspect: the preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
A) preparing, smelting and water-cooling an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy according to the mass fractions to obtain an as-cast alloy;
B) carrying out heat treatment before extrusion, air cooling and mechanical processing on the cast alloy obtained in the step A) to obtain an extrusion ingot;
C) preheating and extruding the extrusion ingot in the step B) to obtain the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod.
Preferably, the method for preparing the high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 5, further comprising a pretreatment step of polishing the surfaces of an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy, sequentially placing the polished surfaces in industrial alcohol, and then placing the industrial alcohol and the industrial alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning.
Preferably, the step a) is specifically: CO at a volume ratio of 99:12And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, putting a pure magnesium ingot and a magnesium gadolinium intermediate alloy into a crucible according to the mass fraction, then putting the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min after the pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium gadolinium intermediate alloy are completely melted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a magnesium gadolinium melt; then cooling the magnesium-gadolinium melt to 700 ℃, adding a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy into the magnesium-gadolinium melt, heating to 750 ℃ after the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy is completely melted, preserving the heat for 20min, and preserving the heatThereafter, the alloy was cooled with room-temperature brine to obtain an as-cast alloy.
Preferably, the step B) is specifically: and C), placing the cast alloy obtained in the step A) at 350 ℃ for heat treatment for 2 hours before extrusion, air cooling, and turning the air-cooled cast alloy to obtain an extruded ingot with the diameter of 80mm and the height of 60 mm.
Preferably, wherein the preheating treatment is: the conditions of the preheating treatment are as follows: the preheating treatment temperature is 250 ℃, and the preheating treatment time is 20 min; the extrusion forming conditions are as follows: the extrusion ratio was 28:1, the extrusion speed is 1-3 m/min; the extrusion temperature was 200-300 ℃.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of carrying out heat treatment on the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and the step of air cooling is carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
1) according to the high-plasticity magnesium alloy provided by the invention, the beta-Li phase with a BCC structure and more slip systems is introduced into the alpha-Mg phase to construct an alpha-Mg + beta-Li two-phase structure, so that the plasticity of the magnesium alloy is improved; a certain amount of Gd element is added into the Mg-Li alloy, so that the texture is weakened, and the non-basal plane slippage is promoted; the introduction of beta-Li phase with good plasticity and the weakening of texture and other plasticizing methods are combined, so that the plasticity of the magnesium alloy is improved compositely;
2) the preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, the environment is not polluted, the whole process flow is simple, green and environment-friendly, the operation and the regulation are easy, the adopted process equipment (such as a vacuum induction furnace, an extruder and the like) is conventional equipment, the production cost is reduced, and the industrial application is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, reference will now be made briefly to the embodiments or to the accompanying drawings that are needed in the description of the prior art.
FIG. 1 is an optical microstructure of a high plasticity magnesium alloy provided in example 5 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy provided in examples 4 and 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or upper and lower limit of the preferred value, it is to be understood that any range where any pair of upper limit or preferred value and any lower limit or preferred value of the range is combined is specifically disclosed, regardless of whether the range is specifically disclosed. Unless otherwise indicated, numerical range values set forth herein are intended to include the endpoints of the range, and all integers and fractions within the range.
All percentages, parts, ratios, etc. herein are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
The materials, methods, and examples herein are illustrative and, unless otherwise specified, are not to be construed as limiting.
The pure magnesium ingot, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy, and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy used in the following examples of the present invention are commercially available.
The optical microscope model adopted in the following examples of the present invention is OLYMPUS OLS 4000;
the purity of the magnesium ingot in the following embodiment of the invention is more than or equal to 99.999 percent; wherein the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy are collectively called magnesium intermediate alloy, and lithium and gadolinium in the magnesium intermediate alloy respectively account for 20-30% of the total mass of the magnesium intermediate alloy; specifically, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy selected by the application is Mg-23.1Li, and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy is Mg-26.38 Gd.
The mechanical property test of the alloy in the following embodiment of the invention is as follows: the test is carried out according to GB/T16865-2013-sample and method for tensile test of wrought aluminum, magnesium and alloy products thereof.
The research on the performance of the alloy with different component selections determines the limitation of the alloy content in the magnesium alloy.
The alpha-Mg + beta-Li dual-phase structure is constructed by introducing beta-Li phase with BCC structure with more slip systems into the alpha-Mg phase, so that the plasticity of the magnesium alloy is improved;
the content of Li element is 5.5-10.0% to ensure that alpha-Mg + beta-Li is generated; when the introduced amount of Li element is less than 5.5%, the magnesium alloy does not contain β -Li, and when it exceeds 10%, the strength of the alloy is lowered.
A certain amount of Gd element is added into the Mg-Li alloy to weaken the texture and promote the non-basal plane slippage, and the introduction of beta-Li with good plasticity and plasticizing methods such as weakening the texture and the like are combined, so that the plasticity of the magnesium alloy is improved compositely;
the content of Gd element is 1.0-8.0 percent to ensure the solid solution degree of Gd in alpha-Mg; when the amount of Gd element incorporated is less than 1.0%, the Gd is less soluble in alpha-Mg, and when it exceeds 8%, Mg is produced in a large amount5The Gd hard brittle phase reduces the plasticity of the alloy.
The research on the performance of the alloy selected by each step and process parameter in the preparation method determines the limitations of the preparation steps and the process parameters in the alloy.
In the preparation method of the invention, in the step C), the extrusion molding conditions are as follows: the extrusion ratio was 28:1, the extrusion speed is 1-3 m/min; the extrusion temperature is 200-300 ℃ to ensure good plasticity; if the extrusion temperature is lower than 200 ℃, the extrusion ratio is lower than 28 and the extrusion speed is lower than 1 m/min, the hot extrusion deformation is difficult, and the burrs on the surface of the sample are increased; if the extrusion temperature is higher than 300 ℃, the extrusion ratio is higher than 28 and the extrusion speed is higher than 3m/min, the sample can be blackened and over-burnt, and the mechanical property is reduced.
The proportions of the elements in the alloy and the individual process parameters in the preparation process in the present application are found experimentally and are optimal since they allow you to obtain the claimed combined technical result. The alloy performance is deteriorated and unstable without violating the element proportion, and the composite effect is not achieved.
Example 1
A high-plasticity magnesium alloy comprises the following chemical element compositions in percentage by mass: 2.0 percent of Gd, 8 percent of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: polishing the surfaces of an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy, removing an oxide layer on the surface, sequentially placing the industrial pure magnesium ingot, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into industrial alcohol, and then placing the industrial alcohol, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning;
2) CO at a volume ratio of 99:12And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, putting the pretreated pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into a crucible according to the mass fraction, putting the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min after the pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy are completely melted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a magnesium-gadolinium melt; then cooling the magnesium-gadolinium melt to 700 ℃, adding a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy into the magnesium-gadolinium melt, heating to 750 ℃ after the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy is completely melted, preserving the temperature for 20min, and cooling with room-temperature saline water after the heat preservation is finished to obtain an as-cast alloy;
3) placing the cast alloy obtained in the step 2) at 350 ℃ for heat treatment for 2 hours before extrusion, air cooling, and then turning the air-cooled cast alloy to obtain an extruded ingot with the diameter of 80mm and the height of 60 mm;
4) preheating the extrusion ingot in the step 3) for 20min at the temperature of 250 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming in an extruder with the extrusion temperature of 250 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 28:1 and the extrusion speed of 1-3m/min to obtain the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod.
In this embodiment, the performance of the prepared high-plasticity magnesium alloy is tested, and the result is: the tensile strength of the magnesium alloy is 199MPa, the yield strength is 168MPa, and the elongation is 20.1%.
Example 2
A high-plasticity magnesium alloy comprises the following chemical element compositions in percentage by mass: 4.0 percent of Gd, 8 percent of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: polishing the surfaces of an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy, removing an oxide layer on the surface, sequentially placing the industrial pure magnesium ingot, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into industrial alcohol, and then placing the industrial alcohol, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning;
2) CO at a volume ratio of 99:12And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, putting the pretreated pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into a crucible according to the mass fraction, putting the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min after the pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy are completely melted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a magnesium-gadolinium melt; then cooling the magnesium-gadolinium melt to 700 ℃, adding a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy into the magnesium-gadolinium melt, heating to 750 ℃ after the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy is completely melted, preserving the temperature for 20min, and cooling with room-temperature saline water after the heat preservation is finished to obtain an as-cast alloy;
3) placing the cast alloy obtained in the step 2) at 350 ℃ for heat treatment for 2 hours before extrusion, air cooling, and then turning the air-cooled cast alloy to obtain an extruded ingot with the diameter of 80mm and the height of 60 mm;
4) preheating the extrusion ingot in the step 3) for 20min at the temperature of 250 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming in an extruder with the extrusion temperature of 250 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 28:1 and the extrusion speed of 1-3m/min to obtain the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod.
In this embodiment, the performance of the prepared high-plasticity magnesium alloy is tested, and the result is: the magnesium alloy has a tensile strength of 193MPa, a yield strength of 174MPa and an elongation of 21.9%.
Example 3
A high-plasticity magnesium alloy comprises the following chemical element compositions in percentage by mass: 6.0 percent of Gd, 8 percent of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: polishing the surfaces of an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy, removing an oxide layer on the surface, sequentially placing the industrial pure magnesium ingot, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into industrial alcohol, and then placing the industrial alcohol, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning;
2) CO at a volume ratio of 99:12And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, putting the pretreated pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into a crucible according to the mass fraction, putting the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min after the pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy are completely melted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a magnesium-gadolinium melt; then cooling the magnesium-gadolinium melt to 700 ℃, adding a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy into the magnesium-gadolinium melt, heating to 750 ℃ after the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy is completely melted, preserving the temperature for 20min, and cooling with room-temperature saline water after the heat preservation is finished to obtain an as-cast alloy;
3) placing the cast alloy obtained in the step 2) at 350 ℃ for heat treatment for 2 hours before extrusion, air cooling, and then turning the air-cooled cast alloy to obtain an extruded ingot with the diameter of 80mm and the height of 60 mm;
4) preheating the extrusion ingot in the step 3) for 20min at the temperature of 250 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming in an extruder with the extrusion temperature of 250 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 28:1 and the extrusion speed of 1-3m/min to obtain the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod.
In this embodiment, the performance of the prepared high-plasticity magnesium alloy is tested, and the result is: the magnesium alloy has a tensile strength of 200MPa, a yield strength of 189MPa and an elongation of 23.3%.
Example 4
A high-plasticity magnesium alloy comprises the following chemical element compositions in percentage by mass: 4.0 percent of Gd, 8 percent of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: polishing the surfaces of an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy, removing an oxide layer on the surface, sequentially placing the industrial pure magnesium ingot, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into industrial alcohol, and then placing the industrial alcohol, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning;
2) CO at a volume ratio of 99:12And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, putting the pretreated pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into a crucible according to the mass fraction, putting the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min after the pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy are completely melted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a magnesium-gadolinium melt; then cooling the magnesium-gadolinium melt to 700 ℃, adding a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy into the magnesium-gadolinium melt, heating to 750 ℃ after the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy is completely melted, preserving the temperature for 20min, and cooling with room-temperature saline water after the heat preservation is finished to obtain an as-cast alloy;
3) placing the cast alloy obtained in the step 2) at 350 ℃ for heat treatment for 2 hours before extrusion, air cooling, and then turning the air-cooled cast alloy to obtain an extruded ingot with the diameter of 80mm and the height of 60 mm;
4) preheating the extrusion ingot in the step 3) for 20min at the temperature of 250 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming in an extruder with the extrusion temperature of 250 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 28:1 and the extrusion speed of 1-3m/min to obtain the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod.
5) Carrying out heat treatment on the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and air cooling;
in this embodiment, the performance of the prepared high-plasticity magnesium alloy is tested, and the result is: the magnesium alloy has tensile strength of 158MPa, yield strength of 116MPa and elongation of 30.3%.
Example 5
A high-plasticity magnesium alloy comprises the following chemical element compositions in percentage by mass: 6.0 percent of Gd, 8 percent of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of impurities is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: polishing the surfaces of an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy, removing an oxide layer on the surface, sequentially placing the industrial pure magnesium ingot, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into industrial alcohol, and then placing the industrial alcohol, the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning;
2) CO at a volume ratio of 99:12And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, putting the pretreated pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy into a crucible according to the mass fraction, putting the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min after the pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy are completely melted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a magnesium-gadolinium melt; then cooling the magnesium-gadolinium melt to 700 ℃, adding a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy into the magnesium-gadolinium melt, heating to 750 ℃ after the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy is completely melted, preserving the temperature for 20min, and cooling with room-temperature saline water after the heat preservation is finished to obtain an as-cast alloy;
3) placing the cast alloy obtained in the step 2) at 350 ℃ for heat treatment for 2 hours before extrusion, air cooling, and then turning the air-cooled cast alloy to obtain an extruded ingot with the diameter of 80mm and the height of 60 mm;
4) preheating the extrusion ingot in the step 3) for 20min at the temperature of 250 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming in an extruder with the extrusion temperature of 250 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 28:1 and the extrusion speed of 1-3m/min to obtain the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod.
5) Carrying out heat treatment on the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and air cooling;
in this embodiment, the performance of the prepared high-plasticity magnesium alloy is tested, and the result is: the magnesium alloy has tensile strength of 162MPa, yield strength of 112MPa and elongation of 41.2%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example relates to a high-plasticity magnesium alloy having substantially the same composition as in example 3, except that the content of Gd element is 10%, and the preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy is the same as in example 3.
The comparative example tests the performance of the prepared high-plasticity magnesium alloy, and the result is as follows: the magnesium alloy has the tensile strength of 198MPa, the yield strength of 178MPa and the elongation of 16 percent.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example relates to a high-plasticity magnesium alloy, which has substantially the same composition as in example 3, except that the content of Li element is 5%, and the preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy is the same as in example 3.
The comparative example tests the performance of the prepared high-plasticity magnesium alloy, and the result is as follows: the magnesium alloy has the tensile strength of 210MPa, the yield strength of 180MPa and the elongation of 18 percent.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (10)
1. A high-plasticity magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 1.0-8.0% of Gd, 5.5-10% of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
2. The high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the chemical element composition comprises, in mass fraction: 2.0% of Gd, 8% of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
3. The high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the chemical element composition comprises, in mass fraction: 4.0% of Gd, 8% of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
4. The high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the chemical element composition comprises, in mass fraction: 6.0% of Gd, 8% of Li, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.3%.
5. A method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
A) preparing, smelting and water-cooling an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy according to the mass fractions to obtain an as-cast alloy;
B) carrying out heat treatment before extrusion, air cooling and mechanical processing on the cast alloy obtained in the step A) to obtain an extrusion ingot;
C) preheating and extruding the extrusion ingot in the step B) to obtain the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod.
6. The preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 5, further comprising a pretreatment step of polishing the surfaces of an industrial pure magnesium ingot, a magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy and a magnesium-gadolinium intermediate alloy, sequentially placing the polished surfaces in industrial alcohol, and then placing the industrial alcohol and the industrial alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning.
7. The method for preparing the high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the step A) is specifically as follows: CO at a volume ratio of 99:12And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, putting a pure magnesium ingot and a magnesium gadolinium intermediate alloy into a crucible according to the mass fraction, then putting the crucible into a resistance furnace, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10min after the pure magnesium ingot and the magnesium gadolinium intermediate alloy are completely melted, and uniformly stirring to obtain a magnesium gadolinium melt; and then cooling the magnesium-gadolinium melt to 700 ℃, adding the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy into the magnesium-gadolinium melt, heating to 750 ℃ after the magnesium-lithium intermediate alloy is completely melted, preserving the temperature for 20min, and cooling with room-temperature saline water after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the as-cast alloy.
8. The method for preparing the high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the step B) is specifically as follows: and C), placing the cast alloy obtained in the step A) at 350 ℃ for heat treatment for 2 hours before extrusion, air cooling, and turning the air-cooled cast alloy to obtain an extruded ingot with the diameter of 80mm and the height of 60 mm.
9. The method for producing a high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the preheating treatment is: the conditions of the preheating treatment are as follows: the preheating treatment temperature is 250 ℃, and the preheating treatment time is 20 min; the extrusion forming conditions are as follows: the extrusion ratio was 28:1, the extrusion speed is 1-3 m/min; the extrusion temperature was 200-300 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the high-plasticity magnesium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises the step of carrying out heat treatment on the extruded Mg-Li-Gd magnesium alloy rod, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and the step of air cooling is carried out.
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