CN114382563B - Moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method based on moon in-situ resources - Google Patents
Moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method based on moon in-situ resources Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method based on moon in-situ resources, which utilize the advantages of carbon dioxide working media and trans-critical circulation thereof in the aspects of high efficiency, compact structure, light weight and integration to reduce the emission weight of earth and moon, combine the lunar soil and a deep lunar soil constant temperature layer of the moon in-situ resources, and can efficiently realize the storage and release of electric energy. In addition, the lunar-based energy storage system belongs to the field of mechanical energy storage, and has the advantages of high cycle number, long service life, easiness in maintenance and the like. The technology of the invention has important scientific significance in promoting the development of space energy technology, accelerating the construction of lunar bases and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of space energy, and particularly relates to a moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method based on moon in-situ resources.
Background
The moon has attracted the key attention of all aerospace strong countries in the world as the primary target of deep space exploration. The lunar base is an infrastructure for future deep lunar exploration of human beings, and the continuous and stable supply of energy is of great importance. At the present stage, based on the situation of lunar primary resources, a solar photovoltaic power generation system, a solar photo-thermal power generation system, a spatial nuclear reactor power generation system and the like are designed for a mainstream energy system suitable for a lunar base.
However, the lunar rotation cycle is a sidereal month, about 28 earth days, with 14 days in the lunar day, 14 days in the lunar night, and long duration in the lunar night; meanwhile, the temperature of the lunar surface can reach 130 ℃ during the daytime and can be reduced to-150 ℃ during the night, and the temperature difference between day and night is greatly changed. The special lunar surface environment has great influence on the stable operation of the lunar base energy system. For a solar photovoltaic power generation system and a solar photo-thermal power generation system based on solar energy utilization, no solar radiation exists in a long night, so that the system cannot supply energy normally and stably without interruption; for a space nuclear reactor power generation system, due to the large-range change of the surface temperature of a moon, the thermal control load of a moon base is changed and a scientific investigation task is arranged, so that the load has a peak-valley value, and for a system with specific design power, the system cannot normally supply energy without interruption as required. Therefore, a lunar-based energy storage system is required to be coupled with the energy systems to realize energy transfer in time so as to achieve the purpose of stable and continuous energy supply.
At the present stage, a potential selectable energy storage technology of a lunar base is an energy storage technology which is already applied or planned to be applied in the aerospace field, and mainly comprises storage batteries, fuel cells, thermal energy storage and the like. Although the storage battery is a mature application technology in the aerospace field, the storage battery has low energy density, needs larger weight resources to meet the requirement of long-time high-power storage of a lunar base, has limited cycle times, cannot treat waste materials of the storage battery in a lunar environment, and has obviously reduced performance in a low-temperature environment of the moon night, so that the storage battery cannot be used as main energy storage equipment of the lunar base and can only be used as an energy storage and supply technology of lunar scientific investigation activity equipment. The fuel cell system has the defect of large loss caused by low charging and discharging efficiency, and in addition, the fuel cell also needs to convey a large amount of substances such as hydrogen, oxygen or water in the monthly emission process so as to adapt to the requirements of high-power and long-time energy storage of a lunar base and increase the emission quality. The heat energy storage technology matched with the lunar base needs to be provided with a large-capacity heat storage device and a heat storage working medium, the weight is high, the heat storage device is not favorable for being conveyed to the moon, and the heat engine has more parts in the thermoelectric conversion process, so that the operation reliability is reduced.
In conclusion, with the rapid development of the aerospace industry, the construction of the lunar base is urgent, and a stable and reliable energy system is an important guarantee for the construction of the lunar base, so that an energy storage system is essential. Generally, the potential alternative energy storage technology of the lunar base is the technology which is used or planned to be used in the aerospace field at the present stage, but the potential alternative energy storage technology of the lunar base is more suitable for the energy storage requirements of the lunar base with large capacity, long time and long service life. Although the storage battery technology is successfully used in most spacecrafts, the storage battery technology is limited by low energy density and limited cycle times, and cannot meet the requirement of high-power storage of a space base; the fuel cell system takes hydrogen as an energy storage carrier, has the defects of low efficiency and high power consumption, needs a large amount of substances such as hydrogen and oxygen or water and the like, and increases the earth-moon emission weight; the heat energy storage technology needs a large-capacity heat storage device and a heat storage working medium, the emission weight is increased, the number of parts is large in the heat engine conversion process, and the operation reliability is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method based on moon in-situ resources, so as to overcome the problem of efficient energy storage of the current moon base.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the lunar-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on lunar in-situ resources comprises a motor, a carbon dioxide compressor, a lunar soil heat accumulator, a heat exchanger, a carbon dioxide expander, a carbon dioxide turbine, a heat regenerator, a carbon dioxide booster pump and a generator;
the carbon dioxide compressor is driven by a motor, the outlet end of the carbon dioxide compressor is connected to the first inlet end of the lunar soil heat accumulator, the first outlet end of the lunar soil heat accumulator is connected to the inlet end of the carbon dioxide expander, the outlet end of the carbon dioxide expander is connected to the first inlet end of the heat exchanger, the first outlet end of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet end of the carbon dioxide compressor, and the carbon dioxide expander is connected with the carbon dioxide compressor and used for supplementing expansion work to the carbon dioxide compressor;
the second outlet end of the lunar soil heat accumulator is connected to the inlet end of a carbon dioxide turbine, the outlet end of the carbon dioxide turbine is connected to the first inlet end of the heat regenerator, the first outlet end of the heat regenerator is connected to the second inlet end of the heat exchanger, the second outlet end of the heat exchanger is connected to the second inlet end of the heat regenerator through a carbon dioxide booster pump, the second outlet end of the heat regenerator is connected to the second inlet end of the lunar soil heat accumulator, and the carbon dioxide turbine is used for driving the generator and the carbon dioxide booster pump;
the lunar soil heat accumulator and the heat exchanger are both arranged in a constant temperature layer of lunar soil;
when the energy storage mode is in, the heat exchanger is an evaporator, and when the energy release mode is in, the heat exchanger is a condenser.
Furthermore, the lunar soil heat accumulator adopts a solid packed bed type heat accumulator, the shell of the solid packed bed type heat accumulator adopts a lunar chamber ascending descending propulsion system fuel tank, the filler of the solid packed bed type heat accumulator adopts lunar soil pressed spheres, and the density of the lunar soil pressed spheres is 2500-3000 kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 1.5-2.1W/mK.
Further, the lunar soil heat accumulator is provided with 1 or more, and when a plurality of lunar soil heat accumulators are provided, the lunar soil heat accumulators are arranged in series or in parallel.
Further, the electric motor, the carbon dioxide compressor and the carbon dioxide expander are coaxially arranged.
Further, the generator, the carbon dioxide turbine and the carbon dioxide booster pump are coaxially arranged.
Further, the carbon dioxide compressor adopts a positive displacement compressor or a turbine compressor.
Further, the carbon dioxide turbine employs an axial flow turbine or a radial inflow turbine.
The moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage method based on moon in-situ resources comprises an energy storage mode and an energy release mode;
when the compressor operates in the energy storage mode, redundant electric energy drives the motor to enable the carbon dioxide compressor to operate, and the superheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium is compressed to obtain supercritical high-temperature high-pressure gas; then the lunar soil heat accumulator releases heat to obtain supercritical medium-temperature high-pressure gas, and the compression heat is stored in a lunar soil heat accumulation medium; then the gas flows into a carbon dioxide expansion machine for expansion and depressurization to generate low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase fluid with certain dryness, and simultaneously the expansion work is supplemented to a carbon dioxide compressor; finally, the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase fluid enters an evaporator, absorbs the heat of lunar soil of the constant temperature layer to carry out constant-pressure evaporation and overheating, and generates overheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide, so that the energy storage process is completed through repeated circulation;
when the device operates in an energy release mode, the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized by a carbon dioxide booster pump to generate the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide; then the carbon dioxide enters a heat regenerator to absorb the heat of the carbon dioxide turbine exhaust working medium for heating, and the supercritical carbon dioxide at medium temperature and high pressure is generated; then, the medium-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the lunar soil heat accumulator to continuously absorb the stored heat in the lunar soil heat accumulation medium, and the temperature is raised to be changed into high-pressure high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide; then, the high-pressure high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flows into a carbon dioxide turbine to expand and do work, a generator is driven to generate electricity, a carbon dioxide booster pump is driven at the same time, and the exhaust of the carbon dioxide turbine is medium-temperature low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide; then, the medium-temperature low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters a heat regenerator to release heat and cool the cold working medium pressurized by the carbon dioxide booster pump, so that the cold working medium is changed into a superheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium; and then, the superheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium enters a condenser, releases heat to the lunar soil of the constant temperature layer serving as a cold source and then condenses to form liquid low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide, and the energy release process is completed by repeated circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the system takes carbon dioxide as a circulating working medium, converts electric energy into heat energy and stores the heat energy in the lunar soil heat accumulator, adopts transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump circulation and transcritical carbon dioxide power circulation as an energy storage loop and an energy release loop respectively, and utilizes the low-earth-moon emission weight brought by the high efficiency, compact structure and light and small integrated advantages of the carbon dioxide working medium and the circulation thereof; the moon in-situ resource can be used for providing a heat storage medium and realizing the heat source/cold source condition of energy storage/release circulation, and the moon-based energy storage technology has important scientific significance for promoting the development of space energy technology, accelerating the construction of moon bases and the like.
Further, the system has the advantages that: firstly, because the carbon dioxide working medium has high density and low viscosity and runs in transcritical circulation, the system has high efficiency, and related parts have small size, light weight and compact structure, and the earth-moon emission weight can be effectively reduced. Secondly, the energy storage system utilizes moon in-situ resources, the lunar soil heat accumulator utilizes processed lunar soil pressed spheres with increased heat conductivity and density as energy storage media, and the native lunar soil with extremely low heat conductivity is utilized to realize heat preservation of the lunar soil heat accumulator; and a constant temperature layer in the deep lunar soil is used as a constant temperature heat source of the energy storage loop and a constant temperature cold source of the energy release loop. Finally, the technology belongs to the field of mechanical energy storage, and has the advantages of high cycle number, long service life, easiness in maintenance and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic working diagram of a lunar-based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on lunar in-situ resource utilization in an energy storage mode.
Fig. 2 is a schematic working diagram of the lunar-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on lunar in-situ resource utilization in the energy release mode.
Wherein, 1, the motor; 2. a carbon dioxide compressor; 3. lunar soil heat accumulator; 4. a carbon dioxide expander; 5. a heat exchanger; 6. a carbon dioxide turbine; 7. a heat regenerator; 8. a carbon dioxide booster pump; 9. an electric generator.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention discloses a lunar-based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on lunar in-situ resource utilization, which aims at solving the problems that the prior art or the planned use technology of the potentially selectable aerospace field cannot meet the requirements of large capacity, long time and high cycle times of a lunar base when the energy storage system of the lunar base is built at present and the related technology has higher ground and moon emission weight during construction.
The system adopts carbon dioxide as a circulating working medium, and utilizes a transcritical carbon dioxide circulating mode to store and release energy, so that the system has high efficiency in view of the characteristics of large density and small viscosity of the carbon dioxide working medium, and equipment such as a turbine, a compressor, a heat exchanger and the like has compact structure, small size and light weight, can effectively reduce earth-moon emission weight, and meets the requirement of construction of a lunar base.
In the energy storage stage, referring to fig. 1, an energy storage circulation loop is formed by a motor 1, a carbon dioxide compressor 2, a carbon dioxide expander 4, a lunar soil heat accumulator 3, a heat exchanger 5 (at this time, the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator) and other parts, electric energy is stored according to the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump circulation to realize energy storage, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy to be stored in the lunar soil heat accumulator 3; in the energy release stage, referring to fig. 2, an energy release circulation loop is formed by a generator 1, a carbon dioxide turbine 6, a carbon dioxide booster pump 8, a heat regenerator 7, a lunar soil heat accumulator 3, a heat exchanger 5 (at this time, the heat exchanger is used as a condenser) and the like, electric energy is generated according to transcritical carbon dioxide power circulation to realize energy release, and the heat energy stored in the lunar soil heat accumulator 3 is converted into electric energy.
The lunar soil heat accumulator 3 is a solid packed bed type heat storage device, is a core device for energy storage of a system, the outer shell of the lunar soil heat accumulator is a lunar chamber descending propulsion system fuel tank with good heat insulation performance, the filler is processed lunar soil pressed spheres, compared with native lunar soil, the density and the heat conductivity of the lunar soil pressed spheres are greatly improved, the heat storage capacity is strong, and the density of the lunar soil pressed spheres adopted by the lunar soil heat accumulator is 2500-3000 kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 1.5-2.1W/mK. Meanwhile, the lunar soil heat accumulator 3 can adopt a multi-tank parallel structure or a multi-tank series structure and is arranged in a constant temperature layer of deep lunar soil, and external attachments are a large amount of unprocessed primary lunar soil with extremely low heat conductivity, so that lunar soil can be guaranteedThe heat preservation effect of soil heat accumulator.
The motor 1, the carbon dioxide compressor 2 and the carbon dioxide expander 4 of the energy storage circulation loop adopt a coaxial arrangement structure, and the generator 9, the carbon dioxide turbine 6 and the carbon dioxide booster pump 8 of the energy release circulation loop also adopt a coaxial arrangement structure. The carbon dioxide compressor 2 may take the form of a positive displacement compressor (e.g., a piston compressor, a screw compressor, a scroll compressor, and a diaphragm compressor) or a turbine compressor (e.g., a centrifugal compressor), and the carbon dioxide turbine 6 may take the form of an axial turbine or a radial turbine.
The heat exchanger 5 of the system of the invention is arranged in a constant temperature layer of deep lunar soil. The lunar soil constant temperature layer is not only used as a constant temperature heat source of the energy storage stage trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump cycle, but also used as a constant temperature cold source of the energy release stage trans-critical carbon dioxide power cycle.
The energy storage system can be coupled with various lunar base energy systems. If a solar photovoltaic power generation system or a solar photo-thermal power generation system is adopted, because no solar radiation exists in a long evening, the system stores energy in the evening, and releases energy in the evening, solar eclipse or insufficient solar radiation; if a space nuclear reactor power generation system is adopted, the system stores energy in a low-load valley period and releases energy in a high-load peak period.
The energy storage system can effectively utilize moon in-situ resources, firstly, the heat storage medium adopts processed lunar soil to press a sphere, the density and the heat conductivity coefficient of the sphere are increased, and the lunar soil heat accumulator 3 is arranged in a large amount of native lunar soil with extremely low heat conductivity coefficient, so that effective heat preservation can be realized; and secondly, using a constant temperature layer of the deep lunar soil as a constant temperature heat source for energy storage circulation and a constant temperature cold source for energy release circulation.
The energy storage system belongs to the field of mechanical energy storage, has the advantages of high charge-discharge cycle times, long service life, easiness in maintenance and the like, and has the capability of supplying heat energy to a lunar base to assist in building a thermal control system of the lunar base in view of the fact that the lunar base trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system stores energy in a lunar soil heat storage mode.
The working modes of the energy storage system can be divided into two conditions of energy storage and energy release: in the month day or the low load valley period, redundant electric energy exists in an energy system of the moon base, the moon base trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system operates in an energy storage mode, and the system executes the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump circulation. In the time periods of insufficient solar radiation or solar radiation at night and at the time periods of insufficient solar radiation and the time periods of high load peak, the output electric energy of the energy system of the lunar base is insufficient to meet the load requirement of the energy system, the energy-releasing mode is operated on the lunar base trans-critical carbon dioxide energy-storing system, and the system executes trans-critical carbon dioxide power circulation.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the working principle of the lunar-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on lunar in-situ resource utilization is described in detail by using schematic diagrams of the energy storage process and the energy release process. The system comprises a carbon dioxide compressor 2, a carbon dioxide turbine 6, a carbon dioxide expansion machine 4, a carbon dioxide booster pump 8, a lunar soil heat accumulator 3, a motor 1, a generator 9, a heat exchanger 5 and the like. The lunar soil heat accumulator 3 comprises a lunar soil heat accumulator, a lunar soil heat accumulator and a lunar soil heat accumulator, wherein the lunar soil heat accumulator is provided with a lunar soil heat accumulator shell, a lunar soil heat accumulator is provided with a lunar soil heat accumulator, a lunar soil heat accumulator and a lunar soil heat accumulator, wherein the lunar soil heat accumulator is provided with a lunar soil heat accumulator shell, a lunar soil heat accumulator and a propulsion system fuel tank with good heat insulation performance, and fillers are processed lunar soil to press spheres; in addition, the lunar soil heat accumulator 3 and the heat exchanger 5 (the energy storage stage is used as an evaporator, and the energy release stage is used as a condenser) are both arranged in a constant temperature layer of the deep lunar soil, the constant temperature layer can be used as a constant temperature heat source of the evaporator in the energy storage stage, and can be used as a constant temperature cold source of the condenser in the energy release stage, and meanwhile, the lunar soil heat accumulator 3 is externally provided with a large amount of unprocessed native lunar soil with extremely low heat conductivity, so that the heat preservation of the lunar soil heat accumulator 3 is facilitated.
The moon-based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on moon in-situ resource utilization is not only suitable for a solar photovoltaic power generation system and a solar photo-thermal power generation system, but also realizes energy storage in the daytime and energy release in the nighttime; the device can also be applied to a space nuclear reactor power generation system to realize low-load valley period energy storage and high-load peak period energy release.
The main operating principle of the system is described as follows:
in the daytime or in the low load valley period, after the output electric energy of the lunar base power generation system meets the load requirement, redundant electric energy also exists, the lunar base trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on the lunar in-situ resource utilization operates in an energy storage mode, and at the moment, the heat exchanger 5 works as an evaporator, as shown in fig. 1. Redundant electric energy drives the motor 1 to enable the carbon dioxide compressor 2 to operate, and the superheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium is compressed to obtain supercritical high-temperature high-pressure gas; then the lunar soil heat accumulator 3 releases heat to obtain supercritical medium-temperature high-pressure gas, and simultaneously the compression heat is stored in a lunar soil heat accumulation medium; then the gas flows into a carbon dioxide expander 4 for expansion and depressurization to generate low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase fluid with certain dryness, and the expansion work is supplemented to a carbon dioxide compressor 2; and finally, the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid coexisting state carbon dioxide working medium enters an evaporator, absorbs the heat of the lunar soil constant-temperature layer to carry out constant-pressure evaporation and overheating, and generates the overheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide. The energy storage process is completed by repeated circulation.
At night, in the time of insufficient solar radiation or solar radiation, and in the time of a high load peak, the output electric energy of the energy system of the lunar base is insufficient to meet the load demand, the lunar base trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on the lunar in-situ resource utilization operates in an energy release mode, and at the moment, the heat exchanger 5 works as a condenser, as shown in fig. 2. The low-temperature low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized by a carbon dioxide booster pump 8 to generate low-temperature high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide; then the carbon dioxide enters a heat regenerator 7 to absorb the heat of the exhaust working medium of the carbon dioxide turbine 6 for heating, and the supercritical carbon dioxide with medium temperature and high pressure is generated; then, the medium-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the lunar soil heat accumulator 3 to continuously absorb the stored heat in the lunar soil heat accumulation medium, and the temperature rises to become high-pressure high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide; then, the high-pressure high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flows into the carbon dioxide turbine 6 to expand and do work, the generator 9 is driven to generate electricity, the carbon dioxide booster pump 8 is driven at the same time, and the exhaust gas of the carbon dioxide turbine 6 is medium-temperature low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide; then, the working medium enters a heat regenerator 7 to release heat to the cold working medium pressurized by a carbon dioxide booster pump 8, and then the cold working medium is cooled to become an overheat low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium; and then, the working medium enters a condenser, releases heat to a lunar soil constant temperature layer serving as a cold source, and is condensed to become liquid low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide. The energy release process is completed by repeating the cycle.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on moon in-situ resources is characterized by comprising a motor (1), a carbon dioxide compressor (2), a lunar soil heat accumulator (3), a heat exchanger (5), a carbon dioxide expander (4), a carbon dioxide turbine (6), a heat regenerator (7), a carbon dioxide booster pump (8) and a generator (9);
the carbon dioxide compressor (2) is driven by a motor (1), the outlet end of the carbon dioxide compressor (2) is connected to the first inlet end of the lunar soil heat accumulator (3), the first outlet end of the lunar soil heat accumulator (3) is connected to the inlet end of a carbon dioxide expander (4), the outlet end of the carbon dioxide expander (4) is connected to the first inlet end of a heat exchanger (5), the first outlet end of the heat exchanger (5) is connected to the inlet end of the carbon dioxide compressor (2), and the carbon dioxide expander (4) is connected with the carbon dioxide compressor (2) and used for supplementing expansion work to the carbon dioxide compressor (2);
the second outlet end of the lunar soil heat accumulator (3) is connected to the inlet end of a carbon dioxide turbine (6), the outlet end of the carbon dioxide turbine (6) is connected to the first inlet end of a heat regenerator (7), the first outlet end of the heat regenerator (7) is connected to the second inlet end of a heat exchanger (5), the second outlet end of the heat exchanger (5) is connected to the second inlet end of the heat regenerator (7) through a carbon dioxide booster pump (8), the second outlet end of the heat regenerator (7) is connected to the second inlet end of the lunar soil heat accumulator (3), and the carbon dioxide turbine (6) is used for driving a generator (9) and the carbon dioxide booster pump (8);
the lunar soil heat accumulator (3) and the heat exchanger (5) are both arranged in a constant temperature layer of lunar soil;
when the energy storage mode is in, the heat exchanger (5) is an evaporator, and when the energy release mode is in, the heat exchanger (5) is a condenser;
the lunar soil heat accumulator (3) adopts a solid packed bed type heat accumulator, the shell of the solid packed bed type heat accumulator adopts a lunar chamber ascending descending propulsion system fuel tank, the filler of the solid packed bed type heat accumulator adopts lunar soil pressed spheres, and the density of the lunar soil pressed spheres is 2500-3000 kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 1.5-2.1W/mK;
the number of the lunar soil heat accumulators (3) is 1 or more, and when the number of the lunar soil heat accumulators (3) is more than one, the lunar soil heat accumulators (3) are arranged in series or in parallel.
2. The moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on moon in-situ resources according to claim 1, wherein the electric motor (1), the carbon dioxide compressor (2) and the carbon dioxide expander (4) are coaxially arranged.
3. The moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on moon in-situ resources of claim 1, wherein the generator (9), the carbon dioxide turbine (6) and the carbon dioxide booster pump (8) are coaxially arranged.
4. The moon based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on moon in situ resources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide compressor (2) is a positive displacement compressor or a turbine compressor.
5. The moon-based transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on moon in-situ resources according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide turbine (6) employs an axial flow turbine or a radial flow turbine.
6. The moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage method based on the moon in-situ resource adopts the moon-based trans-critical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on the moon in-situ resource of any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising an energy storage mode and an energy release mode;
when the system operates in the energy storage mode, redundant electric energy drives the motor (1) to enable the carbon dioxide compressor (2) to operate, and the low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium in the overheat state is compressed to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the supercritical state; then the lunar soil heat accumulator (3) is used for releasing heat to obtain supercritical medium-temperature high-pressure gas, and meanwhile, the compression heat is stored in a lunar soil heat accumulation medium; then the gas flows into a carbon dioxide expander (4) for expansion and depressurization to generate low-temperature and low-pressure carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase fluid with certain dryness, and the expansion work is supplemented to a carbon dioxide compressor (2); finally, the low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide gas-liquid two-phase fluid enters an evaporator, absorbs the heat of lunar soil of the constant temperature layer to carry out constant-pressure evaporation and overheating, and generates overheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide, so that the energy storage process is completed through repeated circulation;
when the device operates in the energy release mode, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized by the carbon dioxide booster pump (8) to generate the low-temperature high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide; then the carbon dioxide enters a heat regenerator (7) to absorb the heat of the exhaust working medium of the carbon dioxide turbine (6) to raise the temperature and generate the supercritical carbon dioxide with medium temperature and high pressure; then, the medium-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the lunar soil heat accumulator (3) to continuously absorb the stored heat in the lunar soil heat accumulation medium, and the temperature rises to be changed into high-pressure high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide; then, the high-pressure high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flows into a carbon dioxide turbine (6) to do work through expansion, a generator (9) is driven to generate electricity, a carbon dioxide booster pump (8) is driven at the same time, and exhaust of the carbon dioxide turbine (6) is medium-temperature low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide; then, the medium-temperature low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters a heat regenerator (7) to release heat to the cold working medium pressurized by a carbon dioxide booster pump (8), and then is cooled to become a superheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium; and then, the superheated low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide working medium enters a condenser, releases heat to the lunar soil of the constant temperature layer serving as a cold source and then condenses to form liquid low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide, and the energy release process is completed by repeated circulation.
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Citations (3)
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| EP2157317A2 (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-24 | ABB Research LTD | Thermoelectric energy storage system and method for storing thermoelectric energy |
| CN110206599A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-06 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A kind of cool and thermal power Federal Reserve co-feeding system |
| CN113644864A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-12 | 西安交通大学 | Lunar base energy supply system and method based on compressed carbon dioxide energy storage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2157317A2 (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-24 | ABB Research LTD | Thermoelectric energy storage system and method for storing thermoelectric energy |
| CN110206599A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-06 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A kind of cool and thermal power Federal Reserve co-feeding system |
| CN113644864A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-12 | 西安交通大学 | Lunar base energy supply system and method based on compressed carbon dioxide energy storage |
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