CN114335544A - Water-based binder, lithium ion battery cathode material and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Water-based binder, lithium ion battery cathode material and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN114335544A
CN114335544A CN202210005016.6A CN202210005016A CN114335544A CN 114335544 A CN114335544 A CN 114335544A CN 202210005016 A CN202210005016 A CN 202210005016A CN 114335544 A CN114335544 A CN 114335544A
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lithium
water
ion battery
lithium ion
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CN114335544B (en
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宋善林
邓哲
蔡浩
杨琼
李继阳
赵建喜
段冬冬
刘建云
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Hunan Dajing New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a water system binder, a lithium ion battery cathode material and a lithium ion battery, wherein the water system binder is a polystyrene lithium sulfonate-butadiene emulsion, water, disproportionated sodium abietate, styrene lithium sulfonate, an initiator and sodium phosphate are added into a reaction kettle during preparation, the temperature is reduced and the vacuum degree is vacuumized to be-0.1 to-0.08 MPa in the kettle, butadiene is introduced for reaction for 4 to 7 hours, tert-dodecyl mercaptan is added for reaction for 1 to 2 hours, a terminator is added, the stirring reaction is continued for 0.5 to 1 hour, the temperature is increased to 20 to 30 ℃, the vacuum degree in the kettle is adjusted to be-0.05 to-0.03 MPa, the stirring reaction is continued for 0.5 to 1 hour, the prepared cathode material has better circulation stability under the current density of 5C multiplying power, and still keeps higher reversible capacity even after 1000 times of charging and discharging, and the capacity retention rate is more than or equal to 90 percent.

Description

Water-based binder, lithium ion battery cathode material and lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a water-based binder, a lithium ion battery cathode material and a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is used as an active power source of the new energy automobile, and the performance of the lithium ion battery directly determines the performance of the new energy automobile. The time for replenishing fuel for a traditional fuel vehicle is generally 2-5 minutes, while the charging time of the current electric vehicle is 1 hour at least and more than 8 hours. The quick charging performance of the single battery cell determines the quick charging performance of the battery pack, so that the improvement of the quick charging performance of the single battery cell is the latest research direction of various battery manufacturers.
Document 1: research on the measurement of lithium ion diffusion coefficient [ J ] in graphite electrode by the voltage constant-current charge capacity ratio method in tangxincun, allen duckweed, old jade article, xiaxi, the report of physicochemical science, 2002 (stage 8) shows that: the solid-phase diffusion of lithium ions in the graphite is a control step of the whole electrode reaction process, and in the lithium battery processing process, the graphite is wrapped by the organic binder, so that the solid-phase diffusion rate of the lithium ions in the graphite is reduced, the polarization of the charging process is increased, the charging speed is slowed, and the diffusion rate of the lithium ions in the graphite is improved, so that the quick charging performance of the lithium battery can be fundamentally improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a water-based binder, a lithium ion battery negative electrode material and a lithium ion battery.
The adopted technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a water-based binder, which is a lithium polystyrene sulfonate-butadiene emulsion.
Further, the preparation method of the lithium polystyrene sulfonate-butadiene emulsion comprises the following steps:
s1: adding water, disproportionated sodium abietate, lithium styrene sulfonate, an initiator and sodium phosphate into a reaction kettle;
s2: sealing the reaction kettle, cooling to 0-5 ℃, and vacuumizing to ensure that the vacuum degree in the kettle is-0.1 to-0.08 MPa;
s3: starting stirring, filling gas butadiene into the reaction kettle, and reacting for 4-7 h;
s4: adding tert-dodecyl mercaptan, and continuously stirring for reaction for 1-2 h;
s5: adding a terminator, and continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5-1 h;
s6: heating to 20-30 ℃, adjusting the vacuum degree in the kettle to-0.05-0.03 MPa, continuously stirring for reaction for 0.5-1 h, and then grinding and deironing to obtain the lithium polystyrene sulfonate-butadiene emulsion.
Further, the initiator is one or more of cumene hydroperoxide, rongalite and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate.
Further, the terminating agent is one or more of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, sodium nitrite, sodium polysulfide and polyethylene polyamine.
Further, the mass ratio of the lithium styrene sulfonate, the butadiene, the disproportionated sodium abietate, the initiator, the sodium phosphate, the tert-dodecyl mercaptan and the terminator is 189.1: 54-108: 4.62: 0.04-0.10: 0.24-0.45: 0.16: 0.02-0.05.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery cathode material which comprises the aqueous binder.
Further, the lithium ion battery cathode material also comprises a nano carbon sphere/graphene compound, lithium titanate and a conductive agent.
The conductive agent in the invention is a common conductive agent in the market, and the type can be selected from SPUER Li, S-O, KS-6, KS-15, SFG-6, SFG-15, 350G, Acetylene Black (AB), Ketjen Black (KB), Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber (VGCF), Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) and the like.
Further, the preparation method of the nano carbon sphere/graphene composite comprises the following steps:
adding a glucose solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.5 mol/L into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating to 180-200 ℃ for hydrothermal reaction for 4-6 h, separating precipitates generated by the reaction after the reaction is finished, washing with acetone, ethanol and water in sequence, drying, grinding to obtain carbon nanospheres, adding the carbon nanospheres and graphene into water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30-50 min, adding the solution into the hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting at the pressure of 2-2.5 MPa and the temperature of 180-200 ℃ for 30-50 min, carrying out precipitation separation, washing with water, and drying.
Further, the preparation method of the lithium ion battery negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
dispersing titanium dioxide, lithium hydroxide and a carbon nanosphere/graphene compound in water, ultrasonically oscillating for 2-4 hours, then drying the mixture in vacuum at 110-120 ℃ for 6-10 hours, then grinding, then calcining at 700-750 ℃ for 8-10 hours to obtain an active material, mixing the active material, a conductive agent and a water-based binder, ultrasonically stirring for 8-10 hours to obtain negative electrode slurry, then uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a conductive substrate, and vacuum drying to remove a solvent.
The invention provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises the lithium ion battery cathode material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aqueous binder can be used for replacing the currently common lithium ion battery cathode binder, the polystyrene lithium sulfonate-butadiene emulsion can release lithium ions under the dissolution of the lithium ion battery electrolyte, the released lithium ions can play a relay role when the battery is charged, and can be diffused more quickly under the action of an electric field, so that the quick charging performance of the lithium ion battery is improved, the preparation process is simple, the required equipment is market mature equipment, the production process is pollution-free, the nano carbon spheres/graphene composite introduces the nano carbon spheres between graphene sheet layers, the lithium storage performance of the cathode material can be further improved, the nano carbon spheres not only can provide larger specific surface and shorter diffusion distance, but also can prevent the agglomeration of active particles, and provide enough space to relieve the volume expansion, and tests show that, the negative electrode material prepared by the invention has good cycling stability under the current density of 5C multiplying power, high reversible capacity can be still maintained even after 1000 times of charging and discharging, and the capacity retention rate is more than or equal to 90%.
Detailed Description
The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1:
a water-based binder is prepared by the following steps:
adding 280kg of water, 4.62kg of disproportionated sodium abietate, 189.1kg of lithium styrene sulfonate, 0.06kg of rongalite and 0.3kg of sodium phosphate into a reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, stirring, cooling to 0-5 ℃, vacuumizing to ensure that the vacuum degree in the kettle is-0.1 MPa, filling 80kg of gaseous butadiene into the reaction kettle, reacting for 6 hours, adding 0.16kg of tert-dodecyl mercaptan, continuously stirring for reaction for 2 hours, adding 0.04kg of sodium nitrite, continuously stirring for reaction for 1 hour, heating to 25 ℃, adjusting the vacuum degree in the kettle to-0.05 MPa, recovering unreacted butadiene gas, continuously stirring for 1 hour, grinding the crude liquid in the reaction kettle by a sand mill, and removing iron by an iron remover to obtain the lithium polystyrene sulfonate-butadiene emulsion.
A lithium ion battery negative electrode material includes:
50g of nano carbon sphere/graphene compound, 5g of lithium titanate, 10g of conductive agent KB and 25g of water-based binder.
The preparation method of the nano carbon sphere/graphene composite comprises the following steps:
adding a glucose solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating to 200 ℃ for hydrothermal reaction for 4 hours, separating precipitates generated by the reaction after the reaction is finished, washing with acetone, ethanol and water in sequence, drying, grinding to obtain carbon nanospheres, adding the carbon nanospheres and graphene into water according to the mass ratio of 1:1, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 40 minutes, adding the solution into the hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting for 50 minutes at the pressure of 2.5MPa and 190 ℃, carrying out precipitation separation, washing with water, and drying.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
dispersing 4.4g of titanium dioxide, 1.06g of lithium hydroxide and 50g of a nano carbon sphere/graphene compound in water, ultrasonically oscillating for 4 hours, then drying the mixture in vacuum at 120 ℃ for 10 hours, grinding the mixture, then calcining the mixture at 750 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain an active material, mixing the active material, a conductive agent KB and a water-based binder, ultrasonically stirring the mixture for 10 hours to obtain negative electrode slurry, then uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a copper foil current collector, and vacuum drying the mixture to remove a solvent.
Example 2:
essentially the same as in example 1, except that the initiator was replaced with cumene hydroperoxide.
Example 3:
essentially the same as in example 1, except that the terminator was replaced with sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate.
Example 4:
substantially the same as in example 1 except that a lithium ion battery negative electrode material comprises:
65g of artificial graphite and 25g of water-based binder.
Mixing artificial graphite and a water-based binder, ultrasonically stirring for 10h to obtain negative electrode slurry, uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a copper foil current collector, and performing vacuum drying to remove a solvent.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is substantially the same as example 1 except that the lithium ion battery negative electrode material does not contain lithium titanate.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same as example 1 except that lithium titanate is directly added.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
mixing lithium titanate, a nano carbon sphere/graphene compound, a conductive agent KB and a water-based binder, ultrasonically stirring for 10 hours to obtain negative electrode slurry, uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a copper foil current collector, and performing vacuum drying to remove a solvent.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is substantially the same as example 1 except that the aqueous binder was replaced with a 10 wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is substantially the same as example 1 except that the aqueous binder is replaced with styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 is substantially the same as example 1 except that the water-based binder was replaced with a 10 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution.
Comparative example 6
Comparative example 6 is substantially the same as example 4 except that the aqueous binder was replaced with a 10 wt% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution.
And (3) performance testing:
the cathode materials prepared in the embodiments 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-6 of the invention are used as the cathode of the CR2032 lithium manganese battery to carry out the tests of the charge-discharge specific capacity and the cycle performance,
the assembled CR2032 lithium manganese dioxide battery is subjected to constant-current charge and discharge test by using a CT2001A type blue light test system, and data such as charge and discharge specific capacity, cyclic specific capacity and the like of the electrode material can be obtained through the constant-current charge and discharge test. And (3) testing conditions are as follows: the charge cut-off voltage was 3V, the discharge cut-off voltage was 1V, the current density was 5C rate (1℃ ═ 160mA/g), and the test temperature was 25 ± 1 ℃.
The results are shown in table 1 below:
table 1:
Figure BDA0003456271310000071
Figure BDA0003456271310000081
according to the tests, the prepared negative electrode material has better cycle stability under the current density of 5C multiplying power, and can still maintain higher reversible capacity even after 1000 times of charge and discharge, and the capacity retention rate is more than or equal to 90%.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The water-based binder is characterized in that the water-based binder is a lithium polystyrene sulfonate-butadiene emulsion.
2. The aqueous binder according to claim 1, wherein the lithium polystyrene sulfonate-butadiene emulsion is prepared by a method comprising:
s1: adding water, disproportionated sodium abietate, lithium styrene sulfonate, an initiator and sodium phosphate into a reaction kettle;
s2: sealing the reaction kettle, cooling to 0-5 ℃, and vacuumizing to ensure that the vacuum degree in the kettle is-0.1 to-0.08 MPa;
s3: starting stirring, filling gas butadiene into the reaction kettle, and reacting for 4-7 h;
s4: adding tert-dodecyl mercaptan, and continuously stirring for reaction for 1-2 h;
s5: adding a terminator, and continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5-1 h;
s6: heating to 20-30 ℃, adjusting the vacuum degree in the kettle to-0.05-0.03 MPa, continuously stirring for reaction for 0.5-1 h, and then grinding and deironing to obtain the lithium polystyrene sulfonate-butadiene emulsion.
3. The aqueous binder as claimed in claim 2, wherein the initiator is one or more selected from cumene hydroperoxide, rongalite and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
4. The aqueous binder of claim 2 wherein the terminating agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, sodium nitrite, sodium polysulfide, and polyethylene polyamine.
5. The water-based adhesive according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the lithium styrene sulfonate, the butadiene, the sodium disproportionated rosin acid, the initiator, the sodium phosphate, the tert-dodecyl mercaptan, and the terminating agent is 189.1: 54-108: 4.62: 0.04-0.10: 0.24-0.45: 0.16: 0.02-0.05.
6. A negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery, comprising the aqueous binder according to claim 1.
7. The negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a nanocarbon sphere/graphene composite, lithium titanate, and a conductive agent.
8. The negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the nano carbon sphere/graphene composite is as follows:
adding a glucose solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.5 mol/L into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating to 180-200 ℃ for hydrothermal reaction for 4-6 h, separating precipitates generated by the reaction after the reaction is finished, washing with acetone, ethanol and water in sequence, drying, grinding to obtain carbon nanospheres, adding the carbon nanospheres and graphene into water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30-50 min, adding the solution into the hydrothermal reaction kettle, reacting at the pressure of 2-2.5 MPa and the temperature of 180-200 ℃ for 30-50 min, carrying out precipitation separation, washing with water, and drying.
9. The negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery according to claim 8, which is prepared by the following method:
dispersing titanium dioxide, lithium hydroxide and a carbon nanosphere/graphene compound in water, ultrasonically oscillating for 2-4 hours, then drying the mixture in vacuum at 110-120 ℃ for 6-10 hours, then grinding, then calcining at 700-750 ℃ for 8-10 hours to obtain an active material, mixing the active material, a conductive agent and a water-based binder, ultrasonically stirring for 8-10 hours to obtain negative electrode slurry, then uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on the surface of a conductive substrate, and vacuum drying to remove a solvent.
10. A lithium ion battery comprising the lithium ion battery negative electrode material according to claim 9.
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