CN114326494B - Quantum measurement and control system and method for superconducting quantum computer - Google Patents
Quantum measurement and control system and method for superconducting quantum computer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantum measurement and control system and a method of a superconducting quantum computer, comprising the following steps: and the measurement and control equipment module is as follows: loading a required measurement and control device driver according to the user requirement, and controlling the opening, closing, input and output of the measurement and control device through the device driver; quantum chip module: describing the attribute of the quantum chip, including the intrinsic attribute of the quantum chip and the measured value of the related parameter of the quantum chip; and a measurement experiment module: measuring relevant parameters of the quantum chip; quantum circuit analysis module: decomposing, combining and optimizing a quantum circuit model into a quantum gate operation sequence supported by the quantum chip, compiling the gate sequence into a measurement and control waveform sequence, and taking the measurement and control waveform sequence as input of measurement and control equipment; the quantum algorithm module: and loading the quantum chip and the measurement and control equipment or loading the simulation back end, and generating and executing algorithm operation. The invention can make the structure logic clearer in the quantum measurement and control process, is easy to realize, and is more convenient for the programming use of quantum computing researchers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum computation, in particular to a quantum measurement and control system and method of a superconducting quantum computer.
Background
With the development of quantum computing technology, quantum computing has many physical implementation schemes, wherein superconducting quantum computing schemes based on superconducting quantum chips are the quantum computing physical implementation technical route which is the fastest in development and is the forefront of industrialization at present. Because each bit in the quantum chip has various inherent properties, parameters of various quantum bits in the quantum chip need to be measured through a quantum measurement technology, and then the parameters are used for calibrating a quantum gate operation and a reading operation on the various quantum bits.
Patent document CN109542028A (application number: CN 201910094217.6) discloses a quantum measurement and control system, wherein the quantum measurement and control system comprises a main control module; the direct current signal generation module is used for providing a direct current signal for quantum bit regulation and control; the pulse signal generation module is used for providing a pulse signal for quantum bit regulation and control; the microwave modulation signal generation module is used for providing a first microwave modulation signal for quantum bit regulation and control and a second microwave modulation signal for reading and detecting the logic state of the quantum bit; and the quantum bit reading detection module is used for acquiring a quantum bit logic state reading return signal, uploading the return signal to the main control module and processing the return signal by the user logic module.
However, in the traditional quantum chip measurement, scientific researchers select instruments and equipment related to the experiment according to the experiment needs, the measurement of the parameters of the quantum chip is completed by controlling the instruments and equipment, the relation between the instruments and the quantum bits is recorded in the brain of the scientific researchers, and the errors are difficult to find in the experimental process due to the fact that the number of the quantum chips is increased or the number of bits on the quantum chips is increased, the controlled instruments are extremely easy to be confused in the corresponding relation between the instrument settings and the quantum bits, and accordingly connection errors are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a quantum measurement and control system and method of a superconducting quantum computer.
The quantum measurement and control system of the superconducting quantum computer provided by the invention comprises:
and the measurement and control equipment module is as follows: loading a required measurement and control device driver according to the user requirement, and controlling the opening, closing, input and output of the measurement and control device through the device driver;
Quantum chip module: the method is used for describing the properties of the quantum chip, including the intrinsic properties of the quantum chip and the measured values of the related parameters of the quantum chip;
and a measurement experiment module: for measuring relevant parameters of the quantum chip;
Quantum circuit analysis module: the quantum gate operation sequence is used for decomposing, combining and optimizing the quantum circuit model into a quantum gate operation sequence supported by the quantum chip, compiling the gate sequence into a measurement and control waveform sequence, and taking the measurement and control waveform sequence as input of measurement and control equipment;
the quantum algorithm module: the method is used for loading the quantum chip and the measurement and control equipment or loading the analog back end, and generating and executing algorithm operation.
Preferably, the measurement and control equipment module comprises an analog back end and a real back end, and the real back end comprises equipment driving and back end description files.
Preferably, the quantum chip module includes a quantum chip configuration description file, a quantum chip attribute description file, and a quantum chip waveform description file.
Preferably, the measurement experiment module includes:
loading the real back end and the quantum chip configuration description file;
and measuring and calibrating the quantum chip attribute description file and the quantum chip waveform description file.
Preferably, the quantum circuit analysis module includes:
quantum gate compiling module: decomposing the quantum circuit model into a quantum gate sequence supported by a quantum chip;
The waveform scheduling module: the quantum gate sequence is converted into a waveform instruction sequence and is sent to a driving program to be used as an opening, closing, input or output command.
Preferably, the quantum algorithm module comprises quantum circuit models of various algorithms, and the quantum circuit models are converted into driver commands through the quantum circuit analysis module.
Preferably, the quantum chip module includes a chip description file for describing a bit number of a chip, a sampling interval of the chip, a coupling quantum pair, a parameter update time, a quantum gate parameter supported between each quantum bit, a frequency of each quantum bit, a reading frequency of each quantum bit, a T1 time of each quantum bit, a T2 time of each quantum bit, a non-harmonic vibration frequency of each quantum bit, a fidelity of a quantum gate on each quantum bit, and a duration of a quantum gate on each quantum bit.
Preferably, the measurement experiment module includes:
An experimental flow template for implementing the flow of the quantum chip related parameter measurement, comprising: a qubit frequency measurement flow, a qubit reading frequency measurement flow, a qubit pi pulse measurement flow, a T1 time measurement flow and a T2 time measurement flow;
The experiment description file is used for describing the measurement and control equipment and the quantum chip used in the measurement experiment.
Preferably, the quantum circuit analysis module includes:
A line compiler for converting the sequence of quantum gates in the quantum line into a sequence of quantum gates supported by the quantum chip and optimizing the length of the sequence;
The instruction converter is used for converting the quantum gate on the quantum bit into a series of instructions corresponding to the quantum gate on the corresponding quantum bit in the chip description file and transmitting parameters;
The instruction scheduler is used for sequencing the instructions corresponding to each quantum gate in the quantum gate sequence and generating an instruction schedule;
And the waveform generator generates a corresponding waveform sampling point sequence according to the instruction sequence and the parameters in the instruction schedule.
The quantum measurement and control method of the superconducting quantum computer provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, a measurement experiment is created once at the beginning of measurement, and after one or more experimental flow templates are selected, an experiment description file, measurement and control equipment and a quantum chip description file are loaded;
Step 2: judging whether the measurement and control equipment is a simulator, if so, simulating a measurement experiment to send an instruction and returning a virtual result; if the device is the real device, checking the measurement and control device, sending an instruction to the device according to an experimental flow, obtaining measurement data, updating a quantum chip description file, and ending the measurement;
Step 3: the quantum algorithm execution starts to create an algorithm task firstly, one or more quantum algorithm templates are selected, then the quantum algorithm is compiled into a quantum gate sequence, and measurement and control equipment and a quantum chip description file are loaded;
Step 4: judging whether the measurement and control equipment is a simulator, if so, simulating quantum algorithm execution by using virtual equipment and the simulator and returning a quantum algorithm result; if the device is the real device, checking the measurement and control device, sending the waveform sequence converted according to the quantum gate sequence to the measurement and control device for execution, returning the result of the quantum algorithm, and ending the algorithm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Each module is decoupled and convenient to maintain; separating the real back end from the quantum chip module, treating the quantum chip as back end independent hardware; the description of each parameter of the quantum chip is not dependent on the real back end any more, and the connection line between the devices in the real back end is not dependent on the quantum chip; the back end is changed into a black box to be transparent, the simulation back end or the real back end can be selected whether the measurement or the control is carried out, and the result is returned;
(2) The measurement and control equipment, the quantum chip, the measurement experiment and the quantum algorithm are all decoupled, so that the structural logic in the quantum measurement and control process is clearer, the implementation is easy, the programming use of quantum computing researchers is more convenient, and the method has practical significance and good application prospect.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of measurement experiment execution;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of quantum algorithm execution.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Examples:
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a quantum measurement and control software architecture:
As shown in fig. 1, the measurement and control equipment module comprises equipment drivers for controlling the opening, closing, input and output of the measurement and control equipment; the equipment description file is used for describing the initialization parameters of the usable instrument and the connection mode of the channel ports between the equipment; the simulator is a virtual device, which is used only as a computational simulation and does not participate in measurement correlations.
As shown in fig. 1, the quantum chip module includes a chip description file for describing the number of bits of the chip, sampling intervals of the chip, coupling quantum pairs, parameter update times, quantum gate parameters supported between each quantum bit, frequencies of each quantum bit, reading frequencies of each quantum bit, T1 time of each quantum bit, T2 time of each quantum bit, non-harmonic vibration frequencies of each quantum bit, fidelity of quantum gate on each quantum bit, and duration of quantum gate on each quantum bit. Due to the instability of the quantum chip, these parameters are often measured to ensure that the quantum algorithm is properly operated.
As shown in fig. 1, the measurement experiment module includes an experiment flow template for implementing a specific flow of measuring a parameter related to a quantum chip, specifically: a qubit frequency measurement procedure, a qubit reading frequency measurement procedure, a qubit pi pulse measurement procedure, a T1 time measurement procedure, and a T2 time measurement procedure. A measurement flow can also be customized; the experiment description file is used for describing the measurement and control equipment and the quantum chip used in the measurement experiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the quantum wire parsing module includes a wire compiler for converting a sequence of quantum gates in a quantum wire into a sequence of quantum gates supported by a quantum chip and optimizing a length of the sequence; the instruction converter is used for converting the quantum gate on the quantum bit into a series of instructions corresponding to the quantum gate on the corresponding quantum bit in the chip description file and transmitting parameters; the instruction scheduler is used for sequencing the instructions corresponding to each quantum gate in the quantum gate sequence and generating an instruction schedule; the waveform generator generates a corresponding waveform sampling point sequence according to the instruction sequence and the parameters in the instruction schedule.
As shown in fig. 1, the quantum algorithm module includes a plurality of quantum algorithm templates, and can generate a quantum circuit corresponding to the quantum algorithm, execute the quantum algorithm by selecting a real device or a simulator for loading the measurement and control device module, and return a calculation result.
The using method of the measurement experiment is shown in fig. 2, the measurement is started to create a measurement experiment, one or more experimental flow templates are selected, and then an experiment description file, a measurement and control device and a quantum chip description file are loaded. Judging whether the measurement and control equipment is a simulator, if so, simulating a measurement experiment to send an instruction and returning a virtual result; if the device is the real device, checking the measurement and control device, sending an instruction to the device according to the experimental flow, obtaining the measurement data, updating the quantum chip description file, and ending the measurement.
The quantum algorithm using method is shown in fig. 3, the execution of the quantum algorithm starts to create algorithm tasks first, one or more quantum algorithm templates are selected, then the quantum algorithm is compiled into a quantum gate sequence, and measurement and control equipment and a quantum chip description file are loaded. Judging whether the measurement and control equipment is a simulator, if so, simulating quantum algorithm execution by using virtual equipment and the simulator and returning a quantum algorithm result; if the device is the real device, checking the measurement and control device, sending the waveform sequence converted according to the quantum gate sequence to the measurement and control device for execution, returning the result of the quantum algorithm, and ending the algorithm.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules provided herein may be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules are implemented as logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc., in addition to the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules being implemented as pure computer readable program code. Therefore, the system, the apparatus, and the respective modules thereof provided by the present invention may be regarded as one hardware component, and the modules included therein for implementing various programs may also be regarded as structures within the hardware component; modules for implementing various functions may also be regarded as being either software programs for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the application. The embodiments of the application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (8)
1. A quantum measurement and control system for a superconducting quantum computer, comprising:
and the measurement and control equipment module is as follows: loading a required measurement and control device driver according to the user requirement, and controlling the opening, closing, input and output of the measurement and control device through the device driver;
Quantum chip module: the method is used for describing the properties of the quantum chip, including the intrinsic properties of the quantum chip and the measured values of the related parameters of the quantum chip;
and a measurement experiment module: for measuring relevant parameters of the quantum chip;
Quantum circuit analysis module: the quantum gate operation sequence is used for decomposing, combining and optimizing the quantum circuit model into a quantum gate operation sequence supported by the quantum chip, compiling the gate sequence into a measurement and control waveform sequence, and taking the measurement and control waveform sequence as input of measurement and control equipment;
The quantum algorithm module: the device is used for loading the quantum chip and the measurement and control equipment or loading an analog back end, and generating and executing algorithm operation;
The quantum chip module comprises a chip description file, and is used for describing the bit number of a chip, the sampling interval of the chip, a coupling quantum pair, parameter updating time, quantum gate parameters supported among all quantum bits, the frequency of all quantum bits, the reading frequency of all quantum bits, the T1 time of all quantum bits, the T2 time of all quantum bits, the non-harmonic vibration frequency of all quantum bits, the fidelity of quantum gates on all quantum bits and the duration of quantum gates on all quantum bits;
the measurement experiment module comprises:
An experimental flow template for implementing the flow of the quantum chip related parameter measurement, comprising: a qubit frequency measurement flow, a qubit reading frequency measurement flow, a qubit pi pulse measurement flow, a T1 time measurement flow and a T2 time measurement flow;
The experiment description file is used for describing the measurement and control equipment and the quantum chip used in the measurement experiment.
2. The quantum measurement and control system of superconducting quantum computer of claim 1, wherein the measurement and control device module comprises an analog back end and a real back end, the real back end comprising device driver and back end description files.
3. The quantum measurement and control system of superconducting quantum computer of claim 2, wherein the quantum chip module comprises a quantum chip configuration profile, a quantum chip property profile, and a quantum chip waveform profile.
4. A quantum measurement and control system of a superconducting quantum computer according to claim 3, wherein the measurement experiment module comprises:
loading the real back end and the quantum chip configuration description file;
and measuring and calibrating the quantum chip attribute description file and the quantum chip waveform description file.
5. The quantum measurement and control system of superconducting quantum computer of claim 1, wherein the quantum wire resolution module comprises:
quantum gate compiling module: decomposing the quantum circuit model into a quantum gate sequence supported by a quantum chip;
The waveform scheduling module: the quantum gate sequence is converted into a waveform instruction sequence and is sent to a driving program to be used as an opening, closing, input or output command.
6. The quantum measurement and control system of superconducting quantum computer of claim 5 wherein the quantum algorithm module comprises quantum wire models of various algorithms, converted to driver commands by the quantum wire parsing module.
7. The quantum measurement and control system of superconducting quantum computer of claim 1, wherein the quantum wire resolution module comprises:
A line compiler for converting the sequence of quantum gates in the quantum line into a sequence of quantum gates supported by the quantum chip and optimizing the length of the sequence;
The instruction converter is used for converting the quantum gate on the quantum bit into a series of instructions corresponding to the quantum gate on the corresponding quantum bit in the chip description file and transmitting parameters;
The instruction scheduler is used for sequencing the instructions corresponding to each quantum gate in the quantum gate sequence and generating an instruction schedule;
And the waveform generator generates a corresponding waveform sampling point sequence according to the instruction sequence and the parameters in the instruction schedule.
8. A quantum measurement and control method of a superconducting quantum computer, characterized in that a quantum measurement and control system of the superconducting quantum computer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, comprising:
step 1: firstly, a measurement experiment is created once at the beginning of measurement, and after one or more experimental flow templates are selected, an experiment description file, measurement and control equipment and a quantum chip description file are loaded;
Step 2: judging whether the measurement and control equipment is a simulator, if so, simulating a measurement experiment to send an instruction and returning a virtual result; if the device is the real device, checking the measurement and control device, sending an instruction to the device according to an experimental flow, obtaining measurement data, updating a quantum chip description file, and ending the measurement;
Step 3: the quantum algorithm execution starts to create an algorithm task firstly, one or more quantum algorithm templates are selected, then the quantum algorithm is compiled into a quantum gate sequence, and measurement and control equipment and a quantum chip description file are loaded;
Step 4: judging whether the measurement and control equipment is a simulator, if so, simulating quantum algorithm execution by using virtual equipment and the simulator and returning a quantum algorithm result; if the device is the real device, checking the measurement and control device, sending the waveform sequence converted according to the quantum gate sequence to the measurement and control device for execution, returning the result of the quantum algorithm, and ending the algorithm.
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