CN114308395B - Nanoparticle sorting device structure and method for particle capture sorting - Google Patents
Nanoparticle sorting device structure and method for particle capture sorting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nano particle sorting device structure which comprises a silicon dioxide substrate, a nano bow-tie array and planar light waves and nano particles, wherein the silicon dioxide substrate is used as the substrate of the nano bow-tie array and is used for absorbing Joule heat generated in a laser field; the nano bow tie array is arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate and used for forming a local electric field with the action of laser to capture and sort nano particles; the planar light wave is used for providing a light source and acts with the nano bow tie array to generate an evanescent field; the nanoparticles serve as objects to be captured and sorted. The invention can realize the nondestructive control of the captured substance, can stably capture the nano particles, and can realize the separation of the particles by utilizing the good separation of the resonance frequency of the nano bow tie array and the nano particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of light manipulation, in particular to a nanoparticle sorting device structure and a method for particle capture and sorting.
Background
In recent years, more and more students use evanescent fields generated by optical waveguides, optical resonant cavities, photonic crystals and surface plasma nanostructures to enhance optical force to realize the control, capture and transport of nanoparticles. These optical tweezers are used as a non-invasive and effective particle manipulation tool, and have irreplaceable effects in cell biology, physical chemistry and the like. Among them, surface plasmon nanoantennas attract attention due to their potential in optics, sensing, and other fields, and surface plasmons essentially enhance electric fields by localized surface plasmon resonance. Therefore, surface plasmon manipulation nanoparticle technology based on evanescent fields has been widely studied, such as metal nanogaps, nanoantennas, nanoplates, nanorods, and bowties. These methods can provide strong trapping forces at low power due to localized field enhancement, with good stability and high accuracy of the trapped nanoparticles.
However, biomedical applications strongly require a technology capable of not only stably capturing particles of several tens of nanometers but also classifying the particles. In this regard, metal nanoparticles are separated using evanescent wave, thermal fluid dynamic surface plasmon resonance. Eric Laux et al use spectra and polarization to achieve sorting of particles. Ploschner et al used two evanescent waves of different wavelengths and opposite propagation directions to achieve sorting of nanoparticles 150nm and 100nm in diameter, while Xiaofu Xu et al used a multilevel optical waveguide to demonstrate four-level sorting of critical particle sizes of 600nm, 700nm, and 800 nm. However, these methods have difficulty in sorting particles having a size of less than 100 nm. The triangular geometric structure of the bow-tie nano antenna has higher local field enhancement and space constraint force, so that smaller particles can be captured and controlled. In the past few years, binWang et al have studied the relationship between field enhancement, resonant wavelength, and bow-tie nanoantenna geometric parameters, including gap size, antenna size, etc. Kok et al demonstrate that periodic array antenna bowtie structures can enhance the local field enhancement in the gap region by 10 3 And (4) doubling. However, few studies have been made to achieve particle sorting using the resonance frequency generated by the hollow bow tie structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems to a certain extent, and provides a particle capturing and sorting method which can realize the nondestructive control of captured substances, can stably capture nanoparticles, and can realize the sorting of the particles by utilizing good separation of the resonance frequencies of a nano bow tie array and the nanoparticles.
On one hand, the invention provides a structure of a nano particle sorting device for solving the technical problem, which comprises a silicon dioxide substrate, a nano bow-tie array and planar optical waves and nano particles, wherein the silicon dioxide substrate is used as the substrate of the nano bow-tie array and is used for absorbing joule heat generated in a laser field; the nano bow tie array is arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate and used for forming a local electric field under the action of laser and capturing and sorting nano particles; the planar light wave is used for providing a light source and acts with the nano bow tie array to generate an evanescent field; the nanoparticles as the objects to be captured and sorted;
the nano bow tie array comprises three pairs of gold bow tie structures, the three pairs of gold bow tie structures are different in each periodic structure, two equilateral triangles are hollowed in the three pairs of gold bow tie structures, the vertex angle of the hollowed equilateral triangle is opposite to the vertex angle of the outer triangle in direction, and the distance from the vertex of the hollowed equilateral triangle to the side of the outer triangle can be 30nm,5nm or 2nm.
Preferably, the incident direction of the planar light wave is perpendicular to the direction of the nano bow tie array and the silicon dioxide substrate.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for capturing and sorting nanoparticles, including the structure of the nanoparticle sorting device, which includes the following specific steps:
firstly, modeling a structure of a nanoparticle sorting device to determine the direction of three-dimensional decomposition; calculating electric field enhancement patterns of the structure of the nano particle sorting device on a longitudinal section and a transverse section under the irradiation of plane light waves linearly polarized in the X direction;
secondly, determining the size of the structure of the nano particle sorting device;
thirdly, quantitatively analyzing the capability of the structure of the nanoparticle sorting device for capturing the nanoparticles; firstly, the Maxwell Wei Zhangliang method or the volume method is utilized to calculate the decomposition of the resultant force under the linearly polarized light in the three-dimensional direction, namely, three optical component forces F are carried out in the three directions of (x, y, z) x 、F y 、F z Analyzing the optical force of the three optical components above the nano bow tie array to obtain the effective capture range of the particles;
selecting three corresponding wavelengths according to the resonance wavelengths of different nanoparticles, adjusting the intensity of an optical field, and sorting out the nanoparticles with different sizes by using the structure of the nanoparticle sorting device under the condition of using different optical wavelengths;
step five, calculating the capture and sorting capacity of the nano particles captured by the nano particle sorter structural member under the planar light waves;
and step six, calculating the change of the sorting capability of the nano particle sorting device structure for capturing nano particles along with the laser intensity.
Preferably, the capture potential energy of the nano bow tie array for capturing the nano particles is quantitatively analyzed in the third step; taking the final value of the potential energy as an energy reference point, performing one-dimensional integration on the force along the required direction to obtain the potential energy, and when the potential energy is more than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and are limited in the potential well; the larger the potential energy is, the more stably the nanoparticles are trapped, wherein K B Boltzmann constant, T is temperature.
Preferably, in the fourth step, by sequentially switching different excitation wavelengths, selective capture of nanoparticles of different sizes can be realized by addressing hot spots, and the effect of particle sorting is achieved by changing the wavelengths; the position of a hot spot in the electric field enhancement diagram can change along with the change of the wavelength of the plane light wave, the size of the nano particles captured under each wavelength is different, and the nano particles are sorted in the nano bow tie array by utilizing the wavelength dependence of the plane light wave.
Preferably, the nanoparticle sorting device structure is in an aqueous environment, and the water refractive index is 1.33.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for realizing particle sorting based on the resonance separation characteristic of an array bow tie antenna, which utilizes the resonance frequency matching of different gold bow tie structures and nano particles, has obvious difference of frequency response and realizes the capture and sorting of the nano particles;
specifically, gold bow-tie arrays with codes that resonate at specific wavelengths are arranged in sequence, and they can generate spatially addressable hot spots that act as optical traps and can be addressed individually by their resonant wavelengths, so that by activating adjacent traps in sequence, the nano bow-tie array can perform a sorting function on particles;
meanwhile, a 'nanometer separator' is formed by the linear repeated structures of three traps which can be respectively addressed, and the feasibility of the design is analyzed by utilizing a three-dimensional time domain finite difference method and a Maxwell stress tensor method. Simulation results show that the design method can realize the capture and sorting of three types of nanoparticles with different sizes with the help of local plasma resonance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nano-bow tie array capturing and sorting nanoparticles according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial distribution diagram of the electric field in the x-y plane in the structure of a planar lightwave normal incidence nanoparticle sorting device polarized along the x-axis according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial distribution diagram of an electric field in the x-z plane in the structure of a planar lightwave normal incidence nanoparticle sorting device polarized along the x-axis according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of electric field strength versus gap g for different wavelengths according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of the electric field intensity of the nano-bow tie at different wavelengths according to the distance t from the vertex of the empty triangle to the side of the outer triangle;
FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of electric field in x-y plane of the present invention when the nano bow tie array is illuminated by planar light waves at different wavelengths;
FIG. 7 is an optical force diagram of the nano-bipyramid of the present invention in the y-direction at different planar lightwave wavelengths;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the potential energy of the nanopyramids in the y-direction at different planar lightwave wavelengths according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it is to be understood that the orientations and positional relationships indicated by "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "leading", "trailing", and the like are configured and operated in specific orientations based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
It should also be noted that, unless expressly specified or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," "disposed," and the like are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, fixed connections as well as removable connections or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. When an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be "directly" or "indirectly" on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only for convenience in describing the present technical solution, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby the features defined as "first", "second", "third", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
On one hand, the invention provides a structure of a nanoparticle sorting device for solving the technical problem, as shown in fig. 1, the structure comprises a silicon dioxide substrate, a nano bow tie array and planar optical waves and nanoparticles, wherein the silicon dioxide substrate is used as the substrate of the nano bow tie array and is used for absorbing joule heat generated in a laser field, laser forms redistribution of the laser field after passing through the nano bow tie array, and the joule heat is locally generated particularly at a locally enhanced part due to large intensity of the laser field;
the nano bow tie array is arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate and used for forming a local electric field under the action of laser to capture and sort nano particles, specifically, the local electric field with a partial structure (the distance from the vertex of a hollow triangle to the edge of an outer triangle is 2 nm) is shown in a figure 2-3, if no nano bow tie array exists, an optical field is uniformly distributed, and local electric field enhancement is formed between bow ties due to the nano structure;
the planar light wave is used for providing a light source and acts with the nano bow tie array to generate an evanescent field; the nanoparticles as the object to be captured and sorted
In this embodiment, the nano-bow tie array includes three pairs of gold-bow tie structures, and the three pairs of gold-bow tie structures are different in each period structure, and two equilateral triangles with the same size are provided in the three pairs of gold-bow tie structures; wherein, the side length of the equilateral triangle formed by the three pairs of gold collar structures is 103.9nm, the thickness is 40nm, and the distance between two adjacent gold collar structures and the collar structure gap are both 10nm.
It is worth to be noted that the sizes of the equilateral triangles hollowed out inside each bow tie are different, and in order to distinguish the bow ties with gaps, the distances from the vertex of the hollow triangle to the side of the outer triangle are used for distinguishing the bow ties with the gaps, and the distances are 30nm,5nm and 2nm respectively.
In this embodiment, the incident direction of the planar lightwave is perpendicular to the direction of the gold nano bow tie array and the silicon dioxide substrate, the light wavelengths of the planar lightwave are 790nm,1020nm and 1170nm respectively, and the light wave intensities are 33.33 mW/mum respectively 2 ，1.25mW/μm 2 ，1.67mW/μm 2 。
The invention realizes the capture and separation of nano particles in the nano bow tie array by changing the size of laser wavelength: changing the electric field distribution of the structure of the nano-particle sorting device, thereby changing the optical force and potential energy of the nano-particles in the nano bow tie array; specifically, the method for changing the wavelength of the laser to change the capture and the sorting of the nano bow tie array nanoparticles comprises the following two processes:
capturing nanoparticles with linear planar light waves: and (3) performing nano particle capture research by using linear planar light waves parallel to the main axis of the nano bow tie array. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the optical force is calculated by adopting a Maxwell Wei Zhangliang method or a volume method, the final value of the potential energy is taken as an energy reference point, and the force is integrated along a required direction in a one-dimensional mode to obtain the potential energy. For quantitative analysis of the particle size and capture location where the nanoparticles were captured;
the method for sorting the nano particles by changing the size of laser wavelength comprises the following steps: and (4) sorting the nanoparticles by sequentially switching planar light waves. Multiple addressable hot spots are formed simultaneously in a nanoparticle sorting device structure, and multiple homogeneous particles are captured and sorted simultaneously using the multiple hot spots.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for capturing and sorting nanoparticles, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, modeling a structure of a nanoparticle sorting device to determine the direction of three-dimensional decomposition; calculating electric field enhancement patterns of the structure of the nano particle sorting device on a longitudinal section and a transverse section under the irradiation of plane light waves linearly polarized in the X direction; obtaining the interval of the area with the strongest field enhancement in the electric field enhancement diagram at the linear polarization parallel to the planar light wave of the bow tie;
it is worth to be noted that the linearly polarized light is parallel to the main axis of the nano bow tie array; significant local field enhancement between the bow-tie gaps occurs as shown in fig. 2-3.
Step two, determining the size of the structure of the nano-particle sorting device,
and continuously changing the parameters of the nano bow tie array, and optimizing the structural parameters of the nano particle sorting device to obtain the optimal structure. The length and height of the edge of the gold-collar knot structure are fixed, and the spacing width and the distance from the vertex of the empty triangle to the edge of the outer triangle are changed under different wavelengths. The optimal gold collar junction structure size with proper spacing width in the structure is found, and the optimal structure size is the structure size when the electric field is enhanced greatly and the resonance frequency is separated well. The proper capture interval is determined to be 10nm, the distances from the vertex of the empty triangle to the side of the outer triangle are 30nm,5nm and 2nm respectively, the resonance wavelength moves by 10-60nm due to the coupling effect between adjacent tie pairs, and finally the wavelengths of the corresponding structures under the obtained nano tie array are 790nm,1020nm and 1170nm respectively.
The nano bow tie array parameters refer to: the side length and height of the triangle, the distance from the vertex of the empty triangle to the side of the outer triangle, the distance between the bow tie pairs and the bow tie gap; because the corresponding response wavelengths of different bow tie arrays are different, the structure can be further optimized according to the difference of the used lasers, and infrared lasers of 790nm,1020nm and 1170nm are selected, so that the structure works well under the three wavelengths;
determining a proper capture spacing gap and a distance from a vertex of the empty triangle to an outer triangle side, and obtaining the distance through simulation calculation, wherein the optical wavelength and the intensity need to be adjusted together with the structure in consideration of the field enhancement multiple and the optimal wavelength corresponding to different structures;
in the embodiment, the parameters of the nano bow tie array are optimized according to the field intensity at different incident wavelengths. Research shows that compared with g =35nm, the field strength of g =10nm can reach 3.2 times, the smaller the gap is, the stronger the electric field limitation is, the larger the field strength is, and the gap has little influence on the resonance wavelength, and the gap size is selected to be 10nm. Through analysis of the separation resonance frequency of a single bow-tie antenna, different hollow nano-antennas can be excited independently within the sub-wavelength separation range, and crosstalk is small. As shown in FIG. 5, the electric field intensity of the bow-tie at different wavelengths does not vary much with t, but as t decreases, the resonance wavelength increases from 800nm to 1200nm as t goes from 30nm to 2nm. In the work, the size of the gap is selected to be 10nm, t is 2nm,5nm and 30nm, the resonance wavelengths are 800nm,960nm and 1200nm respectively, but due to the coupling effect between adjacent tie pairs, the resonance wavelength is shifted by 10-60nm, and finally the wavelengths of corresponding structures under the obtained nano tie array are 790nm,1020nm and 1170nm respectively;
thirdly, quantitatively analyzing the capability of the structure of the nanoparticle sorting device for capturing the nanoparticles; firstly, a Maxwell Wei Zhangliang method or a volume method is utilized to calculate three component forces F of the resultant force of linearly polarized light in three-dimensional directions (x, y, z) x 、F y 、F z Analyzing the optical force of the three optical components at the position 5nm above the nano bow tie array to obtain the effective capture range of the particles;
step four, matching the structure of the nano-particle sorting device with the resonance frequency of the nano-particles according to the wavelength of light of 790nm,1020nm and 1170nm and the intensity of the light field of 33.33 mW/mum respectively 2 ，1.25mW/μm 2 ,1.67mW/μm 2 Under the conditions of (1), the structure of the nanoparticle sorting device is utilized to sort out nanoparticles with different sizes. The sorting object in the embodiment is a gold nanometer bipyramid particle, and the sizes of the gold nanometer bipyramid particle are respectively 10nm in short diameter, 30nm in long diameter, 30nm in short diameter, 180nm in long diameter, 30nm in short diameter and 190nm in long diameter;
step five, as shown in fig. 7-8, calculating the optical force and potential energy of the nano-particle sorting device structure capturing the gold nano-bipyramid particles under the planar light wave; the electric field enhancement diagram shows that the nano bow tie array can form a plurality of hot spot positions under the same wavelength condition, and can capture and sort a plurality of same-kind nano particles simultaneously;
and sixthly, calculating the change of the sorting capability of the nano particle sorting device structure for capturing nano particles along with the laser intensity, wherein the larger the laser intensity is, the larger the optical force of the nano particles in the nano particle sorting device structure is, and the larger the potential energy is.
In the embodiment, the capture potential of the gold nanometer bipyramid particles captured by the structure of the nanometer particle sorting device is quantitatively analyzed in the third step; taking the final value of the potential energy as an energy reference point, performing one-dimensional integration on the force along the required direction to obtain the potential energy, and when the potential energy is more than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and are limited in the potential well; the larger the potential energy is, the more stably the nanoparticles are trapped, wherein K B Boltzmann constant, T is temperature.
In this embodiment, by sequentially switching the excitation wavelengths 790nm,1020nm and 1170nm in the fourth step, selective capture of nanoparticles with different sizes can be realized through addressing hot spots, and the effect of sorting particles is achieved by changing the wavelength; as shown in fig. 6, the position of the hot spot in the electric field enhancement map changes with the change of the planar lightwave wavelength, the size of the nanoparticles captured at each wavelength is different, and the sorting of the gold nanoparticle bipyramid particles in the nanoparticle sorting device structure is realized by utilizing the wavelength dependence of the planar lightwave.
In this example, the nanoparticle sorting device structure is in a water environment with a water refractive index of 1.33.
The invention provides a method for realizing particle sorting based on the resonance separation characteristic of an array bow tie antenna, which realizes the capture and sorting of nanoparticles by utilizing the resonance frequency matching of different gold bow tie structures and the nanoparticles and obvious difference of frequency response;
specifically, gold bow-tie arrays with codes that resonate at specific wavelengths are arranged in sequence, and they can generate spatially addressable hot spots that act as optical traps and can be addressed individually by their resonant wavelengths, so that by activating adjacent traps in sequence, the nano bow-tie array can perform a sorting function on particles;
meanwhile, a 'nanometer separator' is formed by a linear repeated structure of three traps which can be respectively addressed, and the feasibility of the design is analyzed by a three-dimensional time domain finite difference method and a Maxwell stress tensor method. Simulation results show that the design method can realize the capture and sorting of three nano-bipyramid particles with different sizes with the help of local plasma resonance.
It is to be understood that the foregoing examples, while indicating the preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and description, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several changes and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention; therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A nanoparticle sorting device structure, characterized by: the laser micro-nano-array comprises a silicon dioxide substrate, a nano bow tie array and planar optical waves and nano particles, wherein the silicon dioxide substrate is used as a substrate of the nano bow tie array and is used for absorbing Joule heat generated in a laser field; the nano bow tie array is arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate and used for forming a local electric field with the action of laser to capture and sort nano particles; the planar light wave is used for providing a light source and acts with the nano bow tie array to generate an evanescent field; the nanoparticles as the object to be captured and sorted;
the nano bow tie array comprises three pairs of gold bow tie structures, the three pairs of gold bow tie structures are different in each periodic structure, two equilateral triangles are hollowed in the three pairs of gold bow tie structures, the vertex angle of the hollowed equilateral triangle is opposite to the vertex angle of the outer triangle in direction, and the distance from the vertex of the hollowed equilateral triangle to the edge of the outer triangle can be 30nm,5nm or 2nm.
2. The nanoparticle sorting device structure of claim 1, wherein: the incident direction of the planar light wave is vertical to the direction of the nano bow tie array and the direction of the silicon dioxide substrate.
3. A method for nanoparticle capture sorting, comprising the nanoparticle sorting device structure of any one of claims 1-2, and comprising the following specific steps:
firstly, modeling a structure of a nanoparticle sorting device to determine the direction of three-dimensional decomposition; calculating electric field enhancement patterns of the structure of the nano particle sorting device on a longitudinal section and a transverse section under the irradiation of plane light waves linearly polarized in the X direction;
secondly, determining the size of the structure of the nano particle sorting device;
thirdly, quantitatively analyzing the capability of the structure of the nanoparticle sorting device for capturing the nanoparticles; firstly, a Max Wei Zhangliang method or a volume method is utilized to calculate the decomposition of the light splitting force of the resultant force under the linearly polarized light in the three-dimensional direction, namely three light splitting force components F are carried out in the three directions of (x, y, z) x 、F y 、F z Analyzing the optical force of the three optical components above the nano bow tie array to obtain the effective capture range of the particles;
selecting three corresponding wavelengths according to the resonance wavelengths of different nanoparticles, adjusting the intensity of an optical field, and sorting out the nanoparticles with different sizes by using the structure of the nanoparticle sorting device under the condition of using different optical wavelengths;
step five, calculating the capture and sorting capacity of the nano particles captured by the nano particle sorter structural member under the planar light waves;
and step six, calculating the change of the sorting capability of the nano particle sorting device structure for capturing nano particles along with the laser intensity.
4. The method for nanoparticle capture sorting according to claim 3, wherein the capture potential of nanoparticles captured by the nano-bow tie array is quantitatively analyzed in the third step; taking the final value of the potential energy as an energy reference point, performing one-dimensional integration on the force along the required direction to obtain the potential energy, and when the potential energy is more than 1K B T, the particles can overcome the Brownian force and are limited in the potential well;the larger the potential energy is, the more stably the nanoparticles are trapped, wherein K B Boltzmann constant, T is temperature.
5. The method for capturing and sorting the nanoparticles as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the fourth step, by sequentially switching different excitation wavelengths, selective capture of nanoparticles with different sizes can be realized by addressing hot spots, and the effect of sorting the particles is achieved by changing the wavelengths; the position of a hot spot in the electric field enhancement diagram can change along with the change of the wavelength of the plane light wave, the size of the nano particles captured under each wavelength is different, and the nano particles are sorted in the nano bow tie array by utilizing the wavelength dependence of the plane light wave.
6. The method of nanoparticle capture sorting of claim 3, wherein the nanoparticle sorting device structure is in an aqueous environment with an aqueous refractive index of 1.33.
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