CN114074461A - 一种新型安全铝塑膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出一种新型安全铝塑膜,铝塑膜为锂电池的软包装的结构,其包括依次堆叠的外部保护层、中部铝箔层以及内部热封层,其中内部热封层包括依次堆叠的粘接剂MPP层、PP层和热封PP层,且靠近锂电池的一侧为单层的热封PP层,远离锂电池的一侧为粘接剂MPP层,其中热封PP层为低熔点PP层。技术改性后的热封PP材料的熔点在100~110℃,当受热温度到达100~140℃时,热封强度在2~100N,远低于常规热风材料的热封强度80~120N,使得锂电池的软包装在高温下很容易被内部的气体冲击开,可以避免锂电池内部温度过高,防止起火。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂电子电池领域,较为具体的,涉及一种新型安全铝塑膜。
背景技术
锂电池封装形式主要有三种:圆柱、方形和软包,圆柱形锂电池有诸多型号,比如常见的有14650、17490、18650、21700、26650等,方形锂电池通常是指铝壳或钢壳方形电池,软包锂电池是液态锂离子电池套上一层聚合物外壳,与其他电池最大的不同之处在于软包装材料,一般为铝塑复合膜,这也是软包锂电池中最关键、技术难度最高的材料,软包装材料通常分为三层,第一层为位于最外层的外阻层,外组层一般为尼龙BOPA或PET材质,第二层为位于中间层的铝箔层,第三层为位于最内层的多功能高阻隔层。上述锂电池的圆柱形、方形和软包装的三种封装形式均存在安全性问题,锂电池在充电或放电的过程中电解液六氟磷酸锂LiPF6发生氧化还原反应会产生大量HF气体或其他气体,大量HF气体或者其他气体会使得锂电池鼓包,鼓包到极限值有可能会产生爆炸;另外,如果锂电池遇到故障,产生短路或者不受控制的时候,会使得锂电池内部产生大量的热量,当锂电池内部温度过高后,有可能会燃烧起火。
目前锂电池封装的时候,采用热封的方法将锂电池包覆在圆柱、方形或者软包里面,目前常规的封装材料的热封温度为180~200℃,采用常规的封装材料热封后再次将封装材料撕开的强度是很大的,常规封装材料在热封后冷却下来,在常温下需要80~120N才能将其撕开,而且常规的封装材料的熔点在215~230℃之间,其热封时的强度是80~100N,这样就使得常规的封装材料无论是在常温时候,还是在较高的温度时,热封材料都很牢固,不容易被锂电池内部产生的温度和大量的HF破坏,从而会直接导致大量的热量和气体的积累,而当封装材料的内部气体的体积膨胀过度或者热量过高,都有可能导致爆炸或者起火,这些都是很危险的情况,所以如何平缓的释放锂电池内部的气体和热量就显得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对上述情况,本发明提出一种新型安全铝塑膜,其通过将锂电池封装材料的最内层的多功能阻隔层的材料进行改性,通过技术改性后的封装材料为一种高导热性能的低熔点PP,改性后的封装材料的热封温度为170~200℃,改性后的封装材料在常温状态下也是需要需要80~120N才能将其撕开,其在较低温度时候的强度跟传统的封装材料的强度相当;改性后的高导热性能的低熔点PP的熔点在100~110℃,当受热温度到达在100~140℃时,其热封强度仅为2~100N,很容易被内部的HF气体冲击开,这样就能防止在相对较高的温度时产生胀包和爆炸的情况,同时,该低熔点PP的材料还具有吸热功能,能够避免锂电池内部温度过高,防止起火。
一种新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:其包括依次堆叠的外部保护层1、中部铝箔层2以及内部热封层3,其中内部热封层3包括依次堆叠的粘接剂MPP层31、PP层32和热封PP层33,且靠近锂电池的一侧为单层的热封PP层33,远离锂电池的一侧为粘接剂MPP层31,所述热封PP层33为低熔点PP层。
进一步的,低熔点PP层的材料以无规的聚丙烯为主要成分。
进一步的,所述的粘接剂MPP层31的材料为环氧、聚氨酯、有机硅、丙烯酸、SBS中的一种。
进一步的,所述的PP层32的材料采用等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯中的一种。
进一步的,所述的热封PP层33的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:准备以下重量份数配比的原料:92%~98%的纳米导热和吸热材料、0.5%~1.5%的偶联剂、1.5%~6.5%的马来酸酐混合后常温搅拌得到混合物A;
步骤二:将1%~5%混合物A和95%~99%低熔点PP混合搅拌得到混合物B;
步骤三:将混合物B加入到往复式造粒螺杆机进行造粒,在180~220℃的温度下进行造粒,造粒时间为:0.5h~1.5h,得到高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子;
步骤四:最后将高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子通过螺杆挤出机制备成软包装材料的最内层材料高导热性能的低熔点PP;
步骤五:对步骤四的热封PP层33进行性能测试,其热封PP层33的熔点在100~110℃,当受热温度在100~140℃时,热封强度在2~100N。
进一步的,所述的纳米导热材料为富勒烯、纳米氧化锌、石墨烯碳纳米、环氧树脂纳米和氮化硼微纳米中的一种。
进一步的,所述造粒螺杆机为往复式造粒螺杆机。
由于上述技术方案的实施,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
(1)本发明通过将内层的材料改为低熔点PP层,原本的热封PP层33材料的热封温度为170~200℃之间,冷状态下维持需要80~120N才能撕开来,改性后低熔点PP层的熔点在100~110℃,当受热温度在100~140℃时,热封强度在2~100N,很容易被封装在电池内部产生的HF气体冲击开,可以避免高温时锂电池产生鼓包、胀包或者爆炸的问题。
(2)高导热性能的低熔点PP具有良好的导热和吸热功能,能够避免锂电池内部温度过高,防止起火。
附图说明
图1为具体实施方式的铝塑复合膜的结构示意图。
图2为具体实施方式的铝塑复合膜的内部热封层结构示意图。
主要元器件说明:
外部保护层 | 1 |
中部铝箔层 | 2 |
内部热封层 | 3 |
粘接剂MPP层 | 31 |
PP层 | 32 |
热封PP层 | 33 |
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
具体实施案例1:
一种新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:其包括依次堆叠的外部保护层1、中部铝箔层2以及内部热封层3,其中内部热封层3包括依次堆叠的粘接剂MPP层31、PP层32和热封PP层33,且靠近锂电池的一侧为单层的热封PP层33,远离锂电池的一侧为粘接剂MPP层31,所述的外部保护层1为尼龙层,所述热封PP层33的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:准备以下重量份数配比的原料:90%的纳米导热和吸热材料、3%的偶联剂、7%的马来酸酐混合后常温搅拌得到混合物A;
步骤二:将5%混合物A和95%低熔点PP混合搅拌得到混合物B;
步骤三:将混合物B加入到往复式造粒螺杆机进行造粒,在180~220℃的温度下进行造粒,造粒时间为:0.5h~1.5h,得到高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子;
步骤四:最后将高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子通过螺杆挤出机制备成软包装材料的最内层材料高导热性能的低熔点PP;
步骤五:对步骤四的热封PP层33进行性能测试,其热封PP层33的熔点在100~110℃,当受热温度在100~140℃时,热封强度在2~100N。具体实施案例2:
一种新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:其包括依次堆叠的外部保护层1、中部铝箔层2以及内部热封层3,其中内部热封层3包括依次堆叠的粘接剂MPP层31、PP层32和热封PP层33,且靠近锂电池的一侧为单层的热封PP层33,远离锂电池的一侧为粘接剂MPP层31,所述的外部保护层1为尼龙层,所述热封PP层33的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:准备以下重量份数配比的原料:93%的纳米导热和吸热材料、2%的偶联剂、5%的马来酸酐混合后常温搅拌得到混合物A;
步骤二:将3%混合物A和97%低熔点PP混合搅拌得到混合物B;
步骤三:将混合物B加入到往复式造粒螺杆机进行造粒,在180~220℃的温度下进行造粒,造粒时间为:0.5h~1.5h,得到高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子;
步骤四:最后将高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子通过螺杆挤出机制备成软包装材料的最内层材料高导热性能的低熔点PP;
步骤五:对步骤四的热封PP层33进行性能测试,其热封PP层33的熔点在100~110℃,当受热温度在100~140℃时,热封强度在2~100N。具体实施案例3:
一种新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:其包括依次堆叠的外部保护层1、中部铝箔层2以及内部热封层3,其中内部热封层3包括依次堆叠的粘接剂MPP层31、PP层32和热封PP层33,且靠近锂电池的一侧为单层的热封PP层33,远离锂电池的一侧为粘接剂MPP层31,所述的外部保护层1为尼龙层,所述热封PP层33的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:准备以下重量份数配比的原料:95%的纳米导热和吸热材料、2%的偶联剂、3%的马来酸酐混合后常温搅拌得到混合物A;
步骤二:将2%混合物A和98%低熔点PP混合搅拌得到混合物B;
步骤三:将混合物B加入到往复式造粒螺杆机进行造粒,在180~220℃的温度下进行造粒,造粒时间为:0.5h~1.5h,得到高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子;
步骤四:最后将高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子通过螺杆挤出机制备成软包装材料的最内层材料高导热性能的低熔点PP;
步骤五:对步骤四的热封PP层33进行性能测试,其热封PP层33的熔点在100~110℃,当受热温度在100~140℃时,热封强度在2~100N。具体实施案例4:
一种新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:其包括依次堆叠的外部保护层1、中部铝箔层2以及内部热封层3,其中内部热封层3包括依次堆叠的粘接剂MPP层31、PP层32和热封PP层33,且靠近锂电池的一侧为单层的热封PP层33,远离锂电池的一侧为粘接剂MPP层31,所述的外部保护层1为尼龙层,所述热封PP层33的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:准备以下重量份数配比的原料:97%的纳米导热和吸热材料、1%的偶联剂、2%的马来酸酐混合后常温搅拌得到混合物A;
步骤二:将1%混合物A和99%低熔点PP混合搅拌得到混合物B;
步骤三:将混合物B加入到往复式造粒螺杆机进行造粒,在180~220℃的温度下进行造粒,造粒时间为:0.5h~1.5h,得到高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子;
步骤四:最后将高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子通过螺杆挤出机制备成软包装材料的最内层材料高导热性能的低熔点PP;
步骤五:对步骤四的热封PP层33进行性能测试,其热封PP层33的熔点在100~110℃,当受热温度在100~140℃时,热封强度在2~100N。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:其包括依次堆叠的外部保护层(1)、中部铝箔层(2)以及内部热封层(3),其中内部热封层(3)包括依次堆叠的粘接剂MPP层(31)、PP层(32)和热封PP层(33),且靠近锂电池的一侧为单层的热封PP层(33),远离锂电池的一侧为粘接剂MPP层(31),所述热封PP层(33)为低熔点PP层。
2.如权利要求1所述的新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:低熔点PP层的材料以无规的聚丙烯为主要成分。
3.如权利要求1所述的新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:所述的PP层(32)的材料采用等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:粘接剂MPP层(31)的材料为环氧、聚氨酯、有机硅、丙烯酸、SBS中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:所述热封PP层(33)的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一:准备以下重量份数配比的原料:92%~98%的纳米导热和吸热材料、0.5%~1.5%的偶联剂、1.5%~6.5%的马来酸酐混合后常温搅拌得到混合物A;
步骤二:将1%~5%混合物A和95%~99%低熔点PP混合搅拌得到混合物B;
步骤三:将混合物B加入到往复式造粒螺杆机进行造粒,在180~220℃的温度下进行造粒,造粒时间为:0.5h~1.5h,得到高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子;
步骤四:最后将高导热性能的低熔点PP粒子通过螺杆挤出机制备成软包装材料的最内层材料高导热性能的低熔点PP。
6.如权利要求5所述的新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:所述纳米导热材料为富勒烯、纳米氧化锌、石墨烯碳纳米、环氧树脂纳米和氮化硼微纳米中的一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的新型安全铝塑膜,其特征在于:所述造粒螺杆机为往复式造粒螺杆机。
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