CN113941007B - 一种串联的双药物链接组装单元及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种串联的双药物链接组装单元及其应用。该串联的双药物链接组装单元如式I所示。本发明通过特定的链接组装单元将靶向DNA和微管蛋白的小分子化合物通过串联的方式同时连接到相同的抗体上,通过两种不同的作用机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,克服单靶点治疗肿瘤产生的耐药性。同时,结合两种不同抗癌作用机制的药物可以提供抗肿瘤的互补活性,产生具有增强的抗肿瘤活性的ADC。本发明提供的连接方法适用于大部分抗体,从而可以避免对每一种抗体进行繁琐的重组改造以引入定点偶联位点,因此具有非常广泛的应用前景。L‑D1‑T‑D2式I。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及应用抗体药物偶联物治疗肿瘤或其它疾病,尤其涉及应用一种串联的双药物链接组装单元及其应用。
背景技术
抗体-药物偶联物(Antibody-Drug Conjugate;ADC)能够选择性的向癌细胞输送药物,并杀死癌细胞,但是对正常细胞的影响较小,开创了肿瘤治疗的新纪元。作为ADC,已有多个药物获得FDA批准上市,如抗体CD33连接卡奇霉素而成的Mylotarg,CD30抗体连接澳瑞他汀E而成的Adcetris用于霍奇金淋巴瘤和未分化大细胞淋巴瘤患者的治疗,Her2抗体和喜树碱衍生物Dxd连接而成的DS-8201用于HER2阳性的乳腺癌患者的治疗以及靶向TROP-2抗原(也称作上皮糖蛋白1,EGP-1)的Sacituzumab govitecan。
迄今为止被FDA承认的ADC中含有的药物以DNA和微管蛋白为靶标。已上市的ADC分别由抗体和靶向DNA或者微管蛋白的药物连接,目前没有任何将抗体和靶向DNA和微管蛋白的药物同时连接的ADC上市,尚不清楚将靶向DNA和微管蛋白的药物同时连接到抗体上是否能通过两种不同的抗肿瘤作用机制杀伤肿瘤,是否能有效发挥作用。
作为抗肿瘤的小分子化合物,已知作为抑制DNA拓扑异构酶I而达到抗肿瘤作用的化合物的喜树碱衍生物,如SN-38,Dxd,Dx-8951在体内和体外均确认了对多种癌细胞有杀伤作用,显示出强抗肿瘤效果。作为抑制微管蛋白而达到抗肿瘤作用的化合物,如Eribulin,MMAE,MMAF,美登素等在体内和体外均确认了对多种癌细胞有杀伤作用,显示出强抗肿瘤效果。将两种不同机制的抗肿瘤药物连接到相同的抗体上,可能会增强其中一种药物的抗肿瘤活性,对抗肿瘤活性有协同作用,也可能会克服其中一种药物产生的耐药性,产生双药物ADC比单药ADC具有更优的抗肿瘤效果。作用于DNA和微管蛋白的化合物结构式如下:
但将两种抗肿瘤药物和连接子连接制备成链接组装单元,由于连接基团的相互影响,也有可能降低药物的药效,药物治疗肿瘤的效果差于单独使用药物。目前,尚无将两种抗肿瘤药物通过串联的方式连接到相同的抗体上的研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种串联的双药物链接组装单元及其应用。
本发明提供了一种如式I所示的双药物链接组装单元:
L-D1-T-D2
式I
其中,L为连接子部分;D1、D2分别为药物单元;T为可断裂连接子;
所述T为-R1-(C=O)-R2-;
R1、R2分别独立选自无、O、NR3、羰基、取代或未取代的C1~C8烷基、取代或未取代的C2~C10烯基、取代或未取代的C2~C10炔基、取代或未取代的C1~C8烷氧基、取代或未取代的3~10元芳基、取代或未取代的3~10元杂芳基或所述取代基为C1~C8烷基、卤素、羟基、羧基、羰基、-OC(O)-或NR3;n=0~10的整数;
R3选自氢、C1~C8烷基、羰基、C2~C10烯基、C2~C10炔基、3~10元芳基、3~10元杂芳基或n=0~10的整数。
进一步地,L是可断裂连接子组合或不可断裂连接子部分。
进一步地,D1、D2分别独立选自细胞毒性药物、治疗自身免疫疾病的药物或抗炎的药物;
优选地,D1、D2分别独立选自以DNA为靶标的药物单元或以微管蛋白为靶标的药物单元;
更优选地,D1、D2分别独立选自MMAE、MMAF、喜树碱、紫杉醇、艾日布林、尾海兔毒素10、长春碱、美登素、阿霉素、Superdox及其衍生物;
进一步优选地,所述药物单元的药物结构式如下:
进一步地,R1、R2分别独立选自无、O、NR3、羰基、取代或未取代的C1~C3烷基、取代或未取代的C2~C6烯基、取代或未取代的C2~C6炔基、取代或未取代的C1~C3烷氧基、取代或未取代的3~6元芳基、取代或未取代的3~6元杂芳基或所述取代基为C1~C3烷基、卤素、羟基、羧基、羰基、-OC(O)-或NR3;n=0~10的整数;
R3选自氢、C1~C3烷基、羰基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、3~6元芳基、3~6元杂芳基或n=0~10的整数;
所述杂芳基的杂原子个数为1、2、3或4,所述杂原子为O、S或N;
优选地,
R1、R2分别独立选自无、O、NR3、羰基、取代或未取代的C1~C3烷基、C2~C4烯基、C2~C4炔基、C1~C3烷氧基、取代或未取代的苯基或所述取代基为C1~C3烷基、卤素、羟基、羧基、羰基、-OC(O)-或NR3;n=0~10的整数;
R3选自氢、C1~C3烷基、羰基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基或n=0~10的整数。
进一步地,所述T为-(C=O)O-、-O(C=O)O-、-(C=O)NR-、-NR(C=O)-、-NR(C=O)CH2O(C=O)-、-O(C=O)NR-、-NR(C=O)O-、-NRCH2(C=O)-、-(C=O)CH2NR-、-(C=O)OCH2(C=O)NR-;
其中,R选自氢、C1~C8烷基、羰基、C2~C10烯基、C2~C10炔基、3~10元芳基、3~10元杂芳基或n=0~10的整数;
优选地,R选自氢、C1~C3烷基、羰基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、3~6元芳基、3~6元杂芳基或n=0~10的整数;
更优选地,R选自氢、C1~C3烷基、羰基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基或n=0~10的整数。
进一步地,所述双药物链接组装单元的结构如下所示:
其中,
L为连接子部分,D1、D2分别为药物单元;
R选自氢、C1~C8烷基、羰基、C2~C10烯基、C2~C10炔基、3~10元芳基、3~10元杂芳基或n=0~10的整数;
优选地,
R选自氢、C1~C3烷基、羰基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、3~6元芳基、3~6元杂芳基或n=0~10的整数;
更优选地,
R选自氢、C1~C3烷基、羰基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、苯基或n=0~10的整数。
进一步地,
L是可断裂连接子组合或不可断裂连接子部分;
和/或,D1、D2分别独立选自细胞毒性药物、治疗自身免疫疾病的药物或抗炎的药物;
优选地,D1、D2分别独立选自以DNA为靶标的药物单元或以微管蛋白为靶标的药物单元;
更优选地,D1、D2分别独立选自MMAE、MMAF、喜树碱、紫杉醇、艾日布林、尾海兔毒素10、长春碱、美登素、阿霉素、Superdox及其衍生物;
进一步优选地,所述药物单元的药物结构式如下:
进一步地,所述双药物链接组装单元的结构式如下:
其中,
L为连接子部分;
优选地,L是可断裂连接子组合或不可断裂连接子部分。
进一步地,所述双药物链接组装单元的结构式如下:
本发明还提供了一种靶向接头-双药物偶联物,它是将前述的双药物链接组装单元连接靶向接头而得;所述靶向接头是能够靶向结合病变部位的物质;所述靶向接头-双药物偶联物如式II所示:
Ab-(L-D1-T-D2)n
式II
其中,Ab为靶向接头;n为1~20的整数;
L、D1、D2和T如前述;
优选地,所述靶向接头为抗体、抗体片段、蛋白质、小分子多肽、糖肽、模拟肽、小分子化合物或核酸寡核苷酸适配子;
更优选地,所述抗体为针对细胞表面受体和肿瘤相关抗原的抗体。
进一步地,所述靶向接头-双药物偶联物的结构为如下结构之一:
其中,Ab为靶向接头;n为1~20的整数;
优选地,所述靶向接头为抗体、抗体片段、蛋白质、小分子多肽、糖肽、模拟肽、小分子化合物或核酸寡核苷酸适配子;
更优选地,所述抗体为针对细胞表面受体和肿瘤相关抗原的抗体。
本发明还提供了前述的双药物链接组装单元、或前述的靶向接头-双药物偶联物、或其立体异构体、或其旋光异构体在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物中的用途。
进一步地,所述肿瘤选自肺癌、尿道癌、大肠癌、前列腺腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、胃肠道间质瘤、宫颈癌、食道癌、鳞状细胞癌、腹膜癌、肝癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结直肠癌、子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、阴茎癌、白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、浆细胞瘤、骨髓瘤或肉瘤。
本发明还提供了一种预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物,它是由前述的双药物链接组装单元、或前述的靶向接头-双药物偶联物、或其立体异构体、或其旋光异构体为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制成的制剂。
进一步地,所述肿瘤选自肺癌、尿道癌、大肠癌、前列腺腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、胃肠道间质瘤、宫颈癌、食道癌、鳞状细胞癌、腹膜癌、肝癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结直肠癌、子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、阴茎癌、白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、浆细胞瘤、骨髓瘤或肉瘤。
在利用抗体进行的肿瘤治疗中,虽然抗体能识别肿瘤的抗原并与肿瘤细胞结合,但是抗肿瘤效果仍然有限,且存在一定的耐药性。另外,在抗肿瘤的小分子化合物中,存在很多虽然抗肿瘤效果优异,但是缺少对肿瘤细胞和正常细胞的选择性杀伤,杀伤正常的细胞导致副作用较高,存在毒性方面的安全性问题。
目前虽然有将小分子化合物连接到抗体上ADC上市,利用抗体的靶向肿瘤的功能,降低了小分子化合物的毒副作用,但是该类ADC仅通过靶向DNA或者微管蛋白抑制肿瘤细胞,该类ADC存在耐药性的可能。
本发明通过特定的链接组装单元将靶向DNA和微管蛋白的小分子化合物通过串联的方式同时连接到相同的抗体上,可通过两种不同的作用机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,克服单靶点治疗肿瘤产生的耐药性。同时,结合两种不同抗癌作用机制的药物可以提供抗肿瘤的互补活性,产生具有增强的抗肿瘤活性的ADC。本发明的目的在于进一步获得高效、安全的双药物多靶点作用机制的ADC,提供抗肿瘤效果和安全性方面优异的,具有优异治疗作用的抗肿瘤药。
本发明通过特定的链接组装单元将靶向DNA和微管蛋白的小分子化合物通过串联的方式同时连接到相同的抗体上,不仅可以治疗肿瘤,还可以治疗其他相关疾病。
本发明双药抗体药物偶联物包含抗体和一至二十个共价连接的链接组装单元(L-D1-T-D2),其中链接组装单元通过与还原抗体中的链间二硫键产生的硫醇连接和/或每个链接组装单元与来自半胱氨酸残基的硫醇连接。其中每个链接组装单元含有两个相同或者不同的药物单元。
所产生的双药抗体药物偶联物可用于靶向输送药物到达目标细胞,双药抗体药物偶联物可以特异性的与细胞表面蛋白结合,产生的结合物被细胞内吞。在细胞内,通过酶解等形式释放出活性药物来产生功效。抗体包括嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、人抗体等;可与抗原结合的抗体片段;或者抗体Fc融合蛋白,或者蛋白。
为了便于连接,药物链接组装单元通常在连接到抗体之前构建。然而,构建的顺序可以改变。例如,将具有保护基团的组装单元连接至抗体,在添加至抗体后去除保护基团并添加其他的药物单元。
本发明中室温为25±5℃,过夜为12±2h。
相关定义:
如本文所用,“抗体”或“抗体单元”在其所属的范围内,包括抗体结构的任何部分。这一单元可以结合,反应性关联,或者络合一个受体,抗原或者靶向细胞群体具有的其他受体单元。抗体可以是任何蛋白或蛋白类分子,它可以结合或者络合或者与待治疗或生物改造的细胞群体的一部分发生反应。
本发明中,组成抗体药物偶联物的抗体最好保持其原有野生状态时的抗原结合能力。因此,在本发明中的抗体能够,最好专一性的与抗原结合。涉及的抗原包括,例如肿瘤相关抗原(TAA),细胞表面受体蛋白和其他细胞表面分子,细胞存活调节因子,细胞增殖调节因子,与组织生长或分化相关的分子,淋巴因子,细胞因子,参与细胞循环调节的分子,参与血管生成的分子以及与血管生成相关的因子。肿瘤相关因子也可以是簇分化因子(如CD蛋白)。本发明中所述抗体结合的抗原可以是上述分类中一个或一个子集,而其他的子集则包括其他的具有特殊性质的分子/抗原。
应用于双药抗体药物偶联物中的抗体包括,但不局限于,针对细胞表面受体和肿瘤相关抗原的抗体。这样的肿瘤相关抗原是业内所熟知的,可以通过业内熟知的抗体制备方法和信息来制备。这些目标物能够特异性地表达在一种或多种癌症细胞表面,而在一种或者多种非癌细胞表面表达很少或不表达。通常,相对于非癌细胞表面而言,这样的肿瘤相关的多肽在癌细胞表面更加过度表达。确认这样的肿瘤相关因子,可大大提高基于抗体治疗癌症的专一靶向特性。
肿瘤相关抗原包括但不局限于,以下列出的肿瘤相关抗原,包括名称和基因库登录号。抗体靶向对应肿瘤相关的抗原包括所有的氨基酸序列变种和同种,与参考文献中确认的序列具有至少70%,80%,85%,90%或95%的同源性,或者具备与引用文献中的肿瘤相关抗原序列具有完全一致的生物性质和特性。
肿瘤相关抗原有:BMPR1B(Genbank登录号:NM-001203),E16(Genbank登录号:NM-003486),STEAP1(Genbank登录号:NM-012449),0772P(Genbank登录号:AF361486),MPF(Genbank登录号:NM-005823),Napi3b(Genbank登录号:NM-006424),Sema 5b(Genbank登录号:AB040878),PSCAhlg(Genbank登录号:AY358628),ETBR(Genbank登录号:AY275463),MSG783(Genbank登录号:NM-017763),STEAP2(Genbank登录号:AF455138),TrpM4(Genbank登录号:NM-017636),CRIPTO(Genbank登录号:NP-003203或NM-003212),CD21(Genbank登录号:M26004),CD79B(Genbank登录号:NM-000626),FcRH2(Genbank登录号:NM-030764),HER2(Genbank登录号:M11730),NCA(Genbank登录号:M18728),MDP(Genbank登录号:BC017023),IL20Rα(Genbank登录号:AF184971),Brevican(Genbank登录号:AF229053),EphB2R(Genbank登录号:NM-004442),GEDA(Genbank登录号:AY260763),BAFF-R(Genbank登录号:AF1164546),CD22(Genbank登录号:AK026467),CD79a(Genbank登录号:NP-001774.1),CXCR5(Genbank登录号:NP-001701.1),HLA-DOB(Genbank登录号:NP-002111.1),P2X5(Genbank登录号:NP-002552.2),CD72(Genbank登录号:NP-001773.1),LY64(Genbank登录号:NP-005573.1),FcRH1(Genbank登录号:NP-443170.1),IRTA2(Genbank登录号:NP-112571.1),TENB2(Genbank登录号:AF179274)。
如本文所用,“药物”或者代号为“D”泛指任何具有期望的生物活性,并具有反应性官能团以制备本发明所述的偶联物的化合物。进一步地,药物是指:一种用于癌症治疗的细胞毒性化合物,一种具有生物活性的蛋白或者多肽。包括但不限于喜树碱衍生物,如SN-38,Dxd,Dx-8951,作用于微管蛋白的化合物,如Eribulin,MMAE,MMAF,美登素等。
按照细胞内药物释放机制,如本文所用,“连接子”或“抗体药物偶联物连接子”可被分为两类:不可断裂连接子和可断裂连接子。
对于含有不可断裂连接子的双药抗体药物偶联物,其药物释放机制为:偶联物和抗原结合并被细胞内吞后,抗体在溶酶体中被酶解,释放出小分子药物,连接子和抗体氨基酸残基共同组成的活性小分子。
可断裂连接子在目标细胞内断裂并释放出活性药物(小分子药物自身),可断裂连接子可分为两个主要的类别:化学不稳定连接子和酶不稳定连接子。
化学不稳定连接子可以由于血浆和细胞质性质的不同而选择性的断裂,这样的性质包括PH值,谷胱甘肽浓度等。酶不稳定连接子,如肽连接子,能够更好的控制药物释放。肽连接子能够被溶酶体内蛋白酶,如组织蛋白酶活纤溶酶有效的切断。这种肽连接被认为在血浆中非常稳定,因为细胞外不合宜的PH值及血清蛋白酶抑制剂导致蛋白酶通常在细胞外不具备活性。鉴于较高的血浆稳定性和良好的细胞内断裂选择性和有效性,酶不稳定连接子被广泛用于抗体药物偶联物的可断裂连接子。
本发明提供的双药抗体药物偶联物,靶向特殊的细胞,与细胞表面特异性蛋白(抗原)结合,结合物以内吞的形式进入细胞内,药物以活性形式释放到细胞内,发挥药效,或者在细胞外释放药物,药物渗入细胞内发挥药效。
本发明提供一种复合物,包括有效剂量的药物偶联物和药学可接受的载体或媒介。
本发明提供治疗体内癌症或其他肿瘤的治疗方法,所述方法是给患有癌症或其他肿瘤的患者使用治疗有效量的本发明提供的双药抗体药物偶联物。
本发明提供治疗自身免疫疾病或炎症疾病的治疗方法,所述方法是给患有自身免疫疾病或炎症疾病的患者使用治疗有效剂量的本发明提供的双药抗体药物偶联物。
本发明提到的上述特征,或实施例提到的特征可以任意组合。本案说明书所揭示的所有特征可与任何组合物形式并用,说明书中所揭示的各个特征,可以任何可提供相同、均等或相似目的的替代性特征取代。因此除有特别说明外,所揭示的特征仅为均等或者相似特征的一般性例子。
本发明有益效果:本发明提供的连接方法适用于大部分抗体,从而可以避免对每一种抗体进行繁琐的重组改造以引入定点偶联位点,因此具有非常广泛的应用前景。本发明提供的双药链接组合单元,可通过简单的化学合成反应制备。将两种不同作用机制的抗肿瘤活性化合物连接,不仅能增强ADC的抗癌活性,更能有效克服单药ADC造成的耐药性,具有非常广泛的应用前景,克满足尚未满足的临床需求。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品获得。
化合物N-11参考专利CN108714220中所述的方法制备而成。
实施例1、化合物Va的合成
步骤1:中间体N-12的合成
50mL反应瓶中加入化合物N-11(90mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(44mg),碳酸对硝基苯酯(207mg),DMF(10mL),氮气保护下室温搅拌6小时,TLC显示N-11消失,反应完全。柱层析纯化(EtOAc:MeOH=6:1,v/v),得白色固体产物N-12,重75mg。
1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ10.00(s,1H),8.29–8.22(m,2H),7.93(d,J=11.0Hz,1H)7.79(d,J=12.1Hz,1H),7.66–7.56(m,2H),7.49–7.43(m,2H),7.35–7.22(m,9H),6.62(s,2H),6.34(t,J=6.7Hz,1H),6.03(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.88(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.67(dt,J=5.7,1.0Hz,1H),5.16(t,J=1.1Hz,2H),4.57(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.43(dd,J=12.2,9.1Hz,1H),4.41–4.34(m,1H),4.38–4.29(m,1H),4.28–4.18(m,2H),4.13(dd,J=10.3,7.5Hz,1H),4.00––3.84(m,3H),3.84–3.78(m,1H),3.70–3.62(m,1H),3.59–3.50(m,1H),3.32(s,2H),3.26(s,2H),3.13(q,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.97(d,J=11.4Hz,5H),2.88(dq,J=10.4,6.4Hz,1H),2.74(dd,J=10.3,2.1Hz,2H),2.28–2.16(m,3H),2.05–1.98(m,1H),2.01–1.95(m,1H),1.92–1.53(m,14H),1.47–1.29(m,4H),1.27(d,J=7.3Hz,3H),1.09(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.94–0.73(m,24H).
步骤2:化合物Va的制备
25mL反应瓶中加入中间体N-12(15mg),Dx-8951(5.9mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3mg),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL),室温搅拌24小时,制备液相纯化,冻干得白色固体产物Va,重9.6mg。MS(EI)m/s:1777.9(M+H)。
实施例2、化合物Vb的合成
10mL反应瓶中加入N-12(30mg),N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(5mg),MMAE(15mg),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(2mL),室温搅拌反应24小时,TLC显示N-12消失,反应完全,制备液相纯化,冻干得白色固体产物Vb,重25.3mg。MS(EI)m/s:1030.6(M/2+H)。
实施例3、化合物Vc的合成
25mL反应瓶中加入中间体N-12(15mg),Eribulin(10mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3mg),DMF(4mL),室温搅拌反应24小时,TLC显示N-12消失,反应完全,制备液相纯化得产物Vc,重9.3mg。MS(EI)m/s:1036.6(M/2+H)。
实施例4、化合物Vd的合成
25mL反应瓶中加入中间体N-12(25mg),MMAF(15mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(5mg),DMF(3mL),室温搅拌反应24小时,TLC显示N-12消失,反应完全,制备液相纯化得产物Vd,重9.3mg。MS(EI)m/s:1037.6(M/2+H)。
实施例5、化合物Ve的合成
25mL反应瓶中加入中间体N-12(30mg),阿霉素(15mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(5mg),DMF(3mL),室温搅拌反应24小时,TLC显示N-12消失,反应完全,制备液相纯化得产物Ve,重9.3mg。MS(EI)m/s:1886.0(M+H)。
1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ10.00(s,1H),7.97–7.90(m,2H),7.79(d,J=12.1Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),7.49–7.43(m,2H),7.45–7.38(m,1H),7.35–7.28(m,3H),7.31–7.22(m,4H),7.14(dd,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),6.62(s,1H),6.34(t,J=6.7Hz,1H),6.03(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.96–5.90(m,1H),5.88(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.56(dt,J=5.4,0.9Hz,1H),5.24–5.14(m,3H),5.09(dd,J=11.1,8.3Hz,1H),4.83(s,1H),4.75(dd,J=13.7,7.3Hz,1H),4.66–4.57(m,2H),4.49–4.41(m,2H),4.41–4.33(m,2H),4.36–4.26(m,1H),4.29–4.18(m,2H),4.13(dd,J=10.3,7.5Hz,1H),4.05–3.83(m,6H),3.86(s,3H),3.84–3.78(m,1H),3.70–3.62(m,1H),3.59–3.50(m,1H),3.32(s,2H),3.26(s,2H),3.18–3.07(m,4H),2.97(d,J=11.4Hz,4H),2.88(dq,J=10.3,6.5Hz,1H),2.74(dd,J=10.3,2.1Hz,2H),2.53(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),2.47(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),2.39–2.30(m,1H),2.32–2.24(m,1H),2.27–2.16(m,3H),2.07–1.98(m,1H),2.01–1.94(m,1H),1.92–1.53(m,14H),1.47–1.37(m,2H),1.40–1.25(m,8H),1.09(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.94–0.73(m,23H).
实施例6、化合物Vf的合成
步骤1:中间体N-14的合成
50mL反应瓶中加入化合物N-13(100mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(65mg),碳酸对硝基苯酯(300mg),DMF(10mL),氮气保护下室温搅拌6小时,TLC显示N-13消失,反应完全。柱层析纯化(EtOAc:MeOH=6:1,v/v),得白色固体产物N-14,重83mg。
步骤2:化合物Vf的制备
25mL反应瓶中加入中间体N-14(20mg),MMAE(15mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(4mg),DMF(3mL),室温搅拌反应24小时,TLC显示N-14消失,反应完全,制备液相纯化得产物Vf,重11.7mg。MS(EI)m/s:1778.0(M+H)。
实施例7、化合物Vg的合成
25mL反应瓶中加入中间体N-14(20mg),MMAF(15mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(4mg),DMF(3mL),室温搅拌反应24小时,TLC显示N-14消失,反应完全,制备液相纯化得产物Vg,重10.0mg。MS(EI)m/s:1792.0(M+H)。
实施例8、化合物Vh的合成
25mL反应瓶中加入中间体N-14(20mg),Eribulin(15mg),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(4mg),DMF(3mL),室温搅拌反应24小时,TLC显示N-14消失,反应完全,制备液相纯化得产物Vh,重15.2mg。MS(EI)m/s:1790.0(M+H)。
实施例9、ADC的合成
步骤1:抗体还原
将曲妥珠单抗用PBS6.0/EDTA制备成10mg/mL的溶液(3.0mL),向其中加入添加10mM三(2-羧基乙基)膦盐酸盐(TCEP)水溶液(0.0934mL),及1M磷酸氢二钾水溶液(0.150mL),确保反应溶液pH在7.3-7.5之间,搅拌1分钟后在37℃孵育1小时。
步骤2:抗体与药物偶联
将上述溶液温度降至10℃,添加含有10mM Va的化合物的DMSO溶液(0.0374mL),搅拌1分钟后保温静止2小时。
步骤3:纯化
使用10KD的半透膜透析步骤2得到的反应液,透析温度25℃,透析溶剂4L/次,透析时间4小时/次,一共透析4次,所得透析液使用10KD超滤离心管离心浓缩至ADC浓度约5mg/mL,于-20℃~-30℃保存备用。
按照以上通用步骤,依次制得的ADC及化合物代码如下表1所示
表1.制备得到的ADC及化合物代码
化合物代码 | ADC | Payload |
ADC-Va-1 | 曲妥珠单抗 | Va |
ADC-Vb-1 | 曲妥珠单抗 | Vb |
ADC-Vc-1 | 曲妥珠单抗 | Vc |
ADC-Vd-1 | 曲妥珠单抗 | Vd |
ADC-Ve-1 | 曲妥珠单抗 | Ve |
ADC-Vf-1 | 曲妥珠单抗 | Vf |
ADC-Vg-1 | 曲妥珠单抗 | Vg |
ADC-Vh-1 | 曲妥珠单抗 | Vh |
ADC-Va-2 | 贝伐单抗 | Va |
ADC-Vc-2 | 替雷利珠单抗 | Vc |
以下通过具体试验例证明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1、本发明ADC抗肿瘤活性
以每孔3000个细胞的SK-BR-3细胞(人乳腺腺癌细胞)和每孔1500个细胞的N87细胞(人胃癌细胞)的密度分别铺入96孔细胞板中,培养过夜。
第二天配制各待测ADC及阳性对照Trastuzumab-GGFG-Dxd(DS-8201a),按1:5比例梯度稀释,配制成加药终浓度以500nM为最高浓度的9个浓度梯度点。阳性对照Cisplatin按1:3比例梯度稀释,配制成加药终浓度为以100μM为最高浓度的9个浓度梯度点。
将配制好的各待测ADC及阳性对照加入细胞中,以只加入培养基的孔作为阴性对照。加药后培养144小时,然后用CTG方式进行检测。结果如下表2所示:
表2.本发明ADC抗肿瘤活性结果
序号 | 化合物代码 | N-87(nM) | SK-BR-3(nM) |
1 | DS-8201a | 0.23 | 0.28 |
2 | Cisplatin | 3453 | 1608 |
3 | ADC-Va-1 | 0.11 | 0.08 |
4 | ADC-Vb-1 | 0.20 | 0.35 |
5 | ADC-Vc-1 | 0.056 | 0.038 |
6 | ADC-Vd-1 | 0.061 | 0.073 |
7 | ADC-Ve-1 | 0.17 | 0.29 |
8 | ADC-Vf-1 | 1.35 | 1.97 |
9 | ADC-Vg-1 | 0.31 | 0.44 |
10 | ADC-Vh-1 | 0.066 | 0.078 |
11 | ADC-Va-2 | 0.081 | 0.047 |
12 | ADC-Vc-2 | 0.094 | 0.075 |
由表2可知:本发明制备的ADC对人乳腺腺癌细胞和人胃癌细胞有良好的抑制作用。其中ADC-Vc-1、ADC-Vd-1、ADC-Vh-1、ADC-Va-2和ADC-Vc-2效果优异。本发明制备的ADC具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。
综上,本发明通过特定的链接组装单元将靶向DNA和微管蛋白的小分子化合物通过串联的方式同时连接到相同的抗体上,可通过两种不同的作用机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,克服单靶点治疗肿瘤产生的耐药性。同时,结合两种不同抗癌作用机制的药物可以提供抗肿瘤的互补活性,产生具有增强的抗肿瘤活性的ADC。本发明提供的连接方法适用于大部分抗体,从而可以避免对每一种抗体进行繁琐的重组改造以引入定点偶联位点,因此具有非常广泛的应用前景。本发明提供的双药链接组合单元,可通过简单的化学合成反应制备。将两种不同作用机制的抗肿瘤活性化合物连接,不仅能增强ADC的抗癌活性,更能有效克服单药ADC造成的耐药性,具有非常广泛的应用前景,克满足尚未满足的临床需求。
Claims (4)
1.一种双药物链接组装单元,其特征在于:所述双药物链接组装单元的结构式如下:
2.一种靶向接头-双药物偶联物,其特征在于:所述靶向接头-双药物偶联物的结构为如下结构之一:
其中,Ab为靶向接头;n为1~20的整数;
所述靶向接头为曲妥珠单抗、贝伐单抗、替雷利珠单抗。
3.权利要求1所述的双药物链接组装单元、或权利要求2所述的靶向接头-双药物偶联物在制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的用途;
所述肿瘤选自乳腺癌、胃癌。
4.一种治疗肿瘤的药物,其特征在于:它是由权利要求2所述的靶向接头-双药物偶联物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制成的制剂;
所述肿瘤选自乳腺癌、胃癌。
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