CN113823918B - Novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna - Google Patents
Novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna which comprises a hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface, a parabolic main reflecting surface and a feed source, wherein the focal points of the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface are coincident, the feed source is a phased array multi-beam feed source, and the feed source is used for simultaneously forming offset multi-beam and sum-difference beams and reflecting the offset multi-beam signals, the center and difference-beam signals to the parabolic main reflecting surface after irradiating the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface. The invention can form high gain center sum and difference wave beams and high gain off-focus multi-wave beams at the same time, and can be used for carrying out single pulse self-tracking and wide wave beam guiding capturing on various targets, wherein the high gain center sum and difference wave beams can form sum and difference wave beams with different gains and different wave beam widths by flexibly selecting the number of excitation units; the high-gain off-focus multi-beam can flexibly select the excitation units according to the system requirement so as to simultaneously form off-focus beams with different numbers and different overlapping, and is applied to a ground fixed measurement and control station or a maneuvering measurement and control station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna.
Background
In order to meet the self-tracking and offset-feed multi-beam guiding tracking requirements, the conventional measurement and control multi-beam self-tracking parabolic antenna adopts a fixed center feed source and a fixed offset feed source, and the fixed center feed source irradiates a reflecting surface to generate center and difference beams with fixed gain and width, so that the requirements of a measurement and control station for different beam widths in tracking targets with different distances can not be met; after the fixed defocusing feed source irradiates the reflecting surface, the defocusing beams with corresponding fixed quantity and fixed overlapping relation are generated, the requirements of higher guiding precision can not be met, the gain loss of the outmost defocusing beam is relatively larger, and the acting distance is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of insufficient precision and large gain loss of a fixed center feed source and a fixed offset focus feed source, and provides a novel multi-beam self-tracking parabolic antenna. The antenna can be used for single-pulse self-tracking and wide-beam guiding capture of various targets. The sum and difference beams with different gains and different beam widths can be formed by flexibly selecting the number of the excitation units; the high-gain off-focus multi-beam can flexibly select the excitation units according to the system requirement so as to simultaneously form off-focus beams with different numbers and different overlapping, thereby meeting the requirement that a ground fixed measurement and control station or a maneuvering measurement and control station tracks different-distance and dynamic flight targets.
The invention provides a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna, which comprises a hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface with coincident focuses, a parabolic main reflecting surface and a feed source arranged on the focuses;
the feed source is a phased array multi-beam feed source;
the feed source is used for forming offset feed multi-beam and sum and difference beams simultaneously, irradiating the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface and reflecting the offset feed multi-beam and sum and difference beams to the parabolic main reflecting surface to form offset feed multi-beam signals, center and difference beam signals;
the offset feed multi-beam signal is used for guided acquisition tracking and the center and difference beam signals are used for single pulse self-tracking.
The invention relates to a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna, which is characterized in that a feed source comprises a plurality of digital phase control units and an array signal processing subsystem electrically connected with each digital phase control unit, wherein the digital phase control units are used for amplifying, down-converting, sampling and outputting digital signals to the array signal processing subsystem after receiving radio frequency signals, and the array signal processing subsystem is used for receiving the digital signals and simultaneously forming offset-feed multi-beam, center and difference beam output;
the digital phase control unit comprises an antenna unit, a coupler, an R component, a frequency conversion component, a distribution network and a digital sampling terminal which are electrically connected in sequence; the array signal processing subsystem includes an array signal processor.
According to the novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna, as an optimal mode, the antenna unit is a back cavity type planar butterfly antenna, the back cavity type planar butterfly antenna is a hexagonal back cavity, and the hexagonal back cavities are distributed according to triangular grids.
The novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna is characterized in that a feed source comprises 109 digital phase control units, and each 7 digital phase control units irradiate a hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface and then reflect to a parabolic main reflecting surface to form a high-gain beam.
According to the novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna, as an optimal mode, the offset-fed multi-beam is formed by overlapping a plurality of offset-focal beams with different space pointing angles, and the offset-fed multi-beam achieves minimization of offset-focal gain loss by carrying out phase weighting on the offset-focal beams with different space pointing angles.
According to the novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna, as an optimal mode, out-of-focus beams with different space pointing angles are formed by simultaneously exciting 18 or 60 high-gain out-of-focus beams, the high-gain out-of-focus beams are formed by reflecting the out-of-focus beams to a parabolic main reflecting surface after radiating hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surfaces by 7 digital phase control units, the arrangement mode of the 7 digital phase control units is that the number of the central 1 outer ring is 6, and the number of the central 1 digital phase control units is out-of-focus digital phase control units;
the arrangement of the 18 high-gain defocused beams is as follows: the first circle of 6 high-gain defocused beams and the second circle of 12 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the 6 high-gain defocused beams of the first circle share a digital phase control unit, and the phase centers of the 6 high-gain defocused beams of the first circle are closely arranged on the outer circle of the shared digital phase control unit;
the arrangement of the 60 high-gain defocused beams is as follows: the first circle 6, the second circle 12, the third circle 18 and the fourth circle 24 are arranged in sequence from inside to outside;
the off-focal beam may partially overlap with an adjacent off-focal beam;
for each of the off-focus beams, minimization of off-focus gain loss is achieved by phase weighting.
The novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna is characterized in that as a preferable mode, a center and a difference beam signal are formed by simultaneously exciting at least 7 digital phase control units positioned in the center by a feed source;
the center sum and difference beam signals include a center sum beam signal, a azimuth difference beam signal, and a elevation difference signal.
The invention relates to a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna, which is characterized in that as a preferable mode, a center and beam signals are feed sources and simultaneously excite 7 digital phase control units positioned in the center to form, and the 7 digital phase control units are arranged as follows: the phase center of the feed source and 6 digital phase control units positioned on the outer circle of the phase center.
According to the novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna, as a preferred mode, the azimuth difference beam signals are used as the feed sources and simultaneously excite 6 digital phase control units located in the center to form, and the 6 digital phase control units are distributed into 3 digital phase control units which are symmetric about the phase center of the feed sources.
According to the novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna, as a preferred mode, pitching difference signals are formed by exciting 6 digital phase control units located in the center of a feed source, the 6 digital phase control units are distributed into 3 digital phase control units above the phase center of the feed source and 3 digital phase control units below the phase center of the feed source, and the 6 digital phase control units are symmetric in pitching.
The invention discloses a novel multi-beam self-tracking parabolic antenna which comprises a phased array multi-beam feed source and a reflecting surface. The invention utilizes the capacity of a phased array multi-beam feed source to form offset multi-beam and sum-difference beam simultaneously, and forms high-gain offset multi-beam and high-gain center and difference beam after irradiating a reflecting surface, wherein high-gain offset multi-beam signals can be used for guiding, capturing and tracking, and high-gain center and difference beam signals can be used for single-pulse self-tracking. The phased array feed source adopts a unit-level digital phase control scheme, and each unit receives radio frequency signals, and outputs digital signals to an array signal processing subsystem through amplification, down-conversion and sampling. The phased array feed source comprises an antenna unit, a coupler, an R component, a variable frequency component, a distribution network, a digital sampling terminal and an array signal processor. The antenna unit adopts the back cavity type plane butterfly antenna with the loading guiding structure, so that a wider coverage frequency band can be realized, meanwhile, the unit comprises the back cavity structure, so that better isolation among the units can be ensured, and in addition, the hexagonal back cavity structure is also beneficial to array combination. The array elements are arranged according to a triangular grid and comprise 109 array elements in total. The beam offset is realized by means of the deflection of the feed source, the deflection feed source beam is adjustable in direction, smaller gain loss can be guaranteed, and the unit half-wavelength spacing arrangement is realized and the formation of a plurality of deflection beams is simultaneously participated, so that dense beam overlapping is realized. The whole phased array feed source has 109 units, and each seven units irradiates the reflecting surface antenna to form a high-gain wave beam. During operation, 1 group of high-gain main beams (comprising 1 center and beam, 1 azimuth difference beam and 1 elevation difference beam) and 18 (1 st turn, 6 th turn, 2 nd turn and 12 th turn) or 60 (4 th turn, 6, 12, 18 and 24 th turn from inside to outside) high-gain defocused beams are simultaneously generated, and 18 or 60 high-gain defocused beams can be selectively generated according to system requirements.
The invention utilizes the capacity of the phased array multi-beam feed source to form the offset multi-beam and the sum and difference beams simultaneously, and forms the offset multi-beam with high gain and the high gain center and difference beam after irradiating the reflecting surface.
The phased array feed source adopts a unit-level digital phase control scheme, and each unit receives radio frequency signals, and outputs digital signals to an array signal processing subsystem through amplification, down-conversion and sampling. The phased array feed source comprises an antenna unit, a coupler, an R component, a variable frequency component, a distribution network, a digital sampling terminal and an array signal processor.
7 units of the excitation center form a center and a beam, 6 bilateral symmetry units of the excitation center form a azimuth difference beam, 6 pitching symmetry units of the excitation center form a pitching and a beam, and at the moment, the center and the difference beam of the phased array feed source irradiate all apertures of the reflecting surface to form a center and a difference single pulse beam of a high-gain narrow beam; more elements in the center can also be excited, where the reflector section apertures are illuminated, forming a center sum and difference monopulse beam of medium gain, wide beam. So that multiple sets of center single pulses and difference beams of different gains and beamwidths can be generated simultaneously. As the number of excitation center elements increases, the aperture of the illuminated reflecting surface decreases and the beam expands.
Exciting the unit combinations at different positions to form defocused beams with different space pointing angles; by utilizing the characteristics of unit-level digitalization and simultaneous multi-beam, a plurality of offset focal beams with different space pointing angles can be formed simultaneously, and after the reflecting surface is irradiated, a plurality of high-gain beams with different space pointing angles can be formed to be mutually overlapped, so that the coverage of a wide airspace is realized. The excitation unit can be flexibly selected according to the system requirement, and different numbers of different overlapped deflection focus beams can be formed.
For each of the off-focus beams, minimization of off-focus gain loss may be achieved by phase weighting.
The working and design principle of the invention is as follows:
the reflecting surface adopts a Cassegrain antenna form and consists of a parabolic main reflecting surface and a hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface, the focal point of the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface coincides with the focal point of the parabolic main reflecting surface, the feed source is positioned on the focal point of the mirror image hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface, and plane wave focusing is formed after electromagnetic waves irradiated to the auxiliary reflecting surface from the feed source are reflected to the main reflecting surface, so that a high-gain narrow-beam directional diagram is formed.
When forming the central beam, considering that the beam width of a single unit is too wide, the irradiation secondary reflection surface has more energy leakage and low efficiency, so that a plurality of units are selected for simultaneous excitation, and when the irradiation secondary reflection surface is irradiated, the coning reaches about-8 dB to-14 dB, so that the total efficiency is best, and the gain is highest and the beam is narrowest. In the invention, the center and the beam selection excite 7 units at the same time, the center azimuth difference beam selects 6 units which are symmetrical left and right, and the center elevation difference beam selects 6 units which are symmetrical up and down. When more units are excited, such as 19 units are excited by the center and the wave beams at the same time, the effective utilization area of the reflecting surface is reduced, and the wave beam width of the center and the difference wave beams can be widened at the moment, so that the requirement of tracking a large dynamic and short-distance target can be met.
When forming the defocused wave beam, the feed source defocusing scanning principle is utilized, namely when the phase center of the feed source moves transversely, the wave beam of the reflecting surface can deflect, and the directional diagram does not change greatly when the transverse movement is within a certain range. Let d be the offset of the feed source, phi be the angle between the line connecting the feed source and the apex of the reflecting surface and the axis, called offset angle, theta be the angle of beam deflection, F be the focal length of the paraboloid,
they have the relationship of，
In the planar case, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, the beam offset factor is equal to 1, and the curved surface is slightly different. The BDF ranges between a value less than 1 for the short focal length reflective surface and a value greater than 1 for the long focal length reflective surface. When F/d tends to be infinite, BDF tends to be 1, the feed source position moves transversely to bring about a caliber phase difference, so that side lobes on one side of the axis are increased, side lobes on the other side are reduced, and gain is reduced. As the defocus increases, the beam gain loss increases. In the invention, when forming the deflection beams, the irradiation efficiency is considered first, so each deflection beam is formed by exciting 7 units simultaneously. By exciting 7 units at different positions, the equivalent phase center of the 7 units is displaced differently relative to the geometric center, and deflection beams with different space pointing angles are formed when the reflecting surface is irradiated. By utilizing the characteristics of unit-level digitalization and simultaneous multi-beam, a plurality of offset focal beams with different space pointing angles can be formed simultaneously, and after the reflecting surface is irradiated, a plurality of high-gain beams with different space pointing angles can be formed to be mutually overlapped, so that the coverage of a wide airspace is realized. The excitation unit can be flexibly selected according to the system requirement, and different numbers of different overlapped deflection focus beams can be formed. The existing off-focus multi-beam antenna is characterized in that a fixed single off-focus feed source generates a fixed off-focus beam, and as the off-focus is increased, the gain loss of the beam is increased, 7 units are excited simultaneously to form an off-focus beam, and the feed source beam can be directed to the focus of a parabolic main reflecting surface by changing the amplitude-phase excitation of the 7 units, so that the gain loss in the large off-focus amount is reduced. The characteristics of unit level digitization and simultaneous multi-beam are utilized, the excitation unit can be flexibly selected according to the system requirement, and different numbers of different overlapped deflection focusing beams are formed.
The invention has the following advantages:
in order to meet the self-tracking and offset-feed multi-beam guiding tracking requirements, the conventional measurement and control multi-beam self-tracking parabolic antenna adopts a fixed center feed source and a fixed offset feed source, and the fixed center feed source irradiates a reflecting surface to generate center and difference beams with fixed gain and width, so that the requirements of a measurement and control station for different beam widths in tracking targets with different distances can not be met; after the fixed defocusing feed source irradiates the reflecting surface, the defocusing beams with corresponding fixed quantity and fixed overlapping relation are generated, the requirements of higher guiding precision can not be met, the gain loss of the outmost defocusing beam is relatively larger, and the acting distance is also influenced. By adopting the invention, a plurality of groups of central monopulses and difference beams with different gains and beam widths can be flexibly formed by exciting different numbers of central units, and different numbers of different overlapping different defocused beams can be flexibly formed by exciting different positions of defocusing units.
At the moment, the center of the phased array feed source and the differential beam irradiate all apertures of the reflecting surface to form a center of the high-gain narrow beam and a differential single pulse beam; more elements in the center can also be excited, where the reflector section apertures are illuminated, forming a center sum and difference monopulse beam of medium gain, wide beam. So that multiple sets of single pulse and difference beams of different gains and beamwidths can be generated simultaneously. As the number of excitation center elements increases, the aperture of the illuminated reflecting surface decreases and the beam expands.
Exciting the unit combinations at different positions to form defocused beams with different space pointing angles; by utilizing the characteristics of unit-level digitalization and simultaneous multi-beam, a plurality of offset focal beams with different space pointing angles can be formed simultaneously, and after the reflecting surface is irradiated, a plurality of high-gain beams with different space pointing angles can be formed to be mutually overlapped, so that the coverage of a wide airspace is realized. The excitation unit can be flexibly selected according to the requirements of the system for guiding, capturing and tracking, and different numbers of different overlapped deflection focus beams can be formed. For each of the off-focus beams, minimization of off-focus gain loss may be achieved by phase weighting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna unit;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna center and beam excitation unit profile;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna azimuth difference beam excitation unit;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna elevation difference beam excitation unit;
FIG. 5 is a first distribution diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna embodiment 3 off-focal beam first circle excitation unit;
FIG. 6 is a second distribution diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna embodiment 3 off-focal beam first circle excitation unit;
FIG. 7 is a third distribution diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna embodiment 3 off-focal beam first circle excitation unit;
FIG. 8 is a fourth distribution diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna embodiment 3 off-focal beam first circle excitation unit;
FIG. 9 is a fifth profile of a first circle excitation unit of an off-focal beam of example 3 of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna;
FIG. 10 is a sixth distribution diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna embodiment 3 off-focal beam first circle excitation unit;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the second circle excitation unit of the off-focal beam of example 3 of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the third circle excitation unit profile of the off-focal beam of example 3 of the novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna;
FIG. 13 is a graph of a fourth circle excitation unit profile of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna of example 3 off-focal beam;
fig. 14 is a graph of the relationship between the first circle excitation unit and the beam position of the off-focal beam of example 3 of the novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna;
fig. 15 is a diagram of the relationship between the second circle excitation unit of the off-focal beam and the beam position of the novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to example 3;
FIG. 16 is a graph of the third circle excitation unit of the off-focal beam and the beam position of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna of example 3;
FIG. 17 is a graph of the fourth circle excitation unit of the off-focal beam versus beam position for a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna of example 3;
fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna with 5-beam overlap.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Example 1
A novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna comprises a hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface with coincident focuses, a parabolic main reflecting surface and a feed source arranged on the focuses;
the feed source is a phased array multi-beam feed source;
the feed source is used for forming offset feed multi-beam and sum and difference beams simultaneously, irradiating the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface and reflecting the offset feed multi-beam and sum and difference beams to the parabolic main reflecting surface to form offset feed multi-beam signals, center and difference beam signals;
the offset feed multi-beam signal is used for guided acquisition tracking and the center and difference beam signals are used for single pulse self-tracking.
Example 2
A novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna comprises a hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface with coincident focuses, a parabolic main reflecting surface and a feed source arranged on the focuses;
the feed source is a phased array multi-beam feed source;
the feed source is used for forming offset feed multi-beam and sum and difference beams simultaneously, irradiating the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface and reflecting the offset feed multi-beam and sum and difference beams to the parabolic main reflecting surface to form offset feed multi-beam signals, center and difference beam signals;
the offset feed multi-beam signal is used for guiding capture tracking, and the center and difference beam signals are used for single-pulse self-tracking;
the feed source comprises a plurality of digital phase control units and an array signal processing subsystem electrically connected with each digital phase control unit, the digital phase control units are used for amplifying, down-converting, sampling and outputting digital signals to the array signal processing subsystem after receiving radio frequency signals, and the array signal processing subsystem is used for receiving the digital signals and simultaneously forming offset feed multi-beam, center and difference beam output;
the digital phase control unit comprises an antenna unit, a coupler, an R component, a frequency conversion component, a distribution network and a digital sampling terminal which are electrically connected in sequence; the array signal processing subsystem comprises an array signal processor;
as shown in fig. 1, the antenna unit is a back cavity type planar butterfly antenna, the back cavity type planar butterfly antenna is a hexagonal back cavity, and the hexagonal back cavities are arranged in a triangular grid;
the feed source comprises 109 digital phase control units, and each 7 digital phase control units irradiates the hyperbolic secondary reflecting surface and then reflects the hyperbolic secondary reflecting surface to the parabolic primary reflecting surface to form a high-gain wave beam;
the offset-fed multi-beam is formed by overlapping a plurality of offset-focal beams with different space pointing angles, and the offset-fed multi-beam realizes the minimization of offset gain loss by carrying out phase weighting on the offset-focal beams with different space pointing angles;
the method comprises the steps that 18 or 60 high-gain defocused beams with different space pointing angles are stimulated simultaneously to form the defocused beams, the high-gain defocused beams are formed by reflecting the defocused beams to a parabolic main reflecting surface after the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface is irradiated by 7 digital phase control units, the arrangement mode of the 7 digital phase control units is that the central 1 outer ring is 6, and the central 1 digital phase control units are defocused digital phase control units;
the arrangement of the 18 high-gain defocused beams is as follows: the first circle of 6 high-gain defocused beams and the second circle of 12 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the 6 high-gain defocused beams of the first circle share a digital phase control unit, and the phase centers of the 6 high-gain defocused beams of the first circle are closely arranged on the outer circle of the shared digital phase control unit;
the arrangement of the 60 high-gain defocused beams is as follows: the first circle 6, the second circle 12, the third circle 18 and the fourth circle 24 are arranged in sequence from inside to outside;
the center and the difference beam signals are formed by exciting at least 7 digital phase control units positioned in the center for the feed source;
the center sum and difference beam signals include center sum beam signals, azimuth difference beam signals and elevation difference signals;
as shown in fig. 2, the center and beam signals are feed sources, and 7 digital phase control units located in the center are excited simultaneously to form, and the arrangement of the 7 digital phase control units is as follows: the phase center of the feed source and 6 digital phase control units positioned on the outer ring of the phase center;
as shown in fig. 3, the azimuth difference beam signal is a feed source and simultaneously excites 6 digital phase control units positioned in the center to form, and the 6 digital phase control units are arranged as 3 digital phase control units which are symmetric left and right in the phase center of the feed source;
as shown in fig. 4, the pitch difference signal is formed by exciting 6 digital phase control units located in the center of the feed source, the 6 digital phase control units are distributed into 3 digital phase control units above the phase center of the feed source and 3 digital phase control units below the phase center of the feed source, and the 6 digital phase control units are pitch-symmetrical.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, a novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna adopts 109 broadband left-right circular polarization loading guiding structures and back cavity type plane butterfly antenna units to form a feed source 3, wherein the feed source 3 is a phased array feed source, the antenna units of digital phase control units are of hexagonal back cavity structures and are easy to array, and the side length of the hexagonal back cavity is 46.2mm. The antenna element height is 66.7mm. The array surface size after 109 antenna units are assembled is 880mm.
The caliber of the parabolic main reflecting surface 2 is 12 meters, the focal diameter ratio is 0.35, and the focal length is 4.2 meters; the diameter of the hyperbolic secondary reflecting surface 1 is 1.8 m, the eccentricity is 2.34, the long axis of the hyperbolic surface is 747.7mm, and the focal length is 1749.8mm.
The center excites the synthesized beam of 7 units, and the irradiation cone angle of the irradiation secondary reflection surface is 32 degrees;
when in operation, 1 group of high-gain main beams and 18 or 60 high-gain defocused beams are generated simultaneously, and 18 or 60 high-gain defocused beams can be selectively generated according to the system requirements. Fig. 2-4 are graphs of required excitation unit of central sum and difference beams, fig. 5-13 are 4 out of 60 offset focal beams, each turn 1-4 shows one beam and 7 corresponding excitation units, fig. 5-10 is a beam of the 1 st turn, as shown in fig. 6-11, the rest 5 beams of the 1 st turn are excited after 60 degrees of clockwise rotation of 7 units around the geometric center in fig. 5, the rest 11 beams of the 2 nd turn are excited after 30 degrees of clockwise rotation of 7 units around the geometric center in fig. 11, as shown in fig. 12-13, the 3 rd turn and the 4 th turn are similar to the first two turns, the rotation angles are 20 DEG and 15 DEG respectively, fig. 14-17 are schematic diagrams of relation between excitation units at different positions and corresponding beams, and fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of overlapping of the central beam and the 4 offset focal beams of 1-4 turns on one side of azimuth axis.
The antenna described in the above example can achieve a normal center and beam gain of 47.14dB, a beam width of 0.72 °; the direction angle of the outmost beam is 1.66 degrees, the gain is 46.61dB, the gain is only reduced by 0.53dB, and the index of reducing the gain by 3dB is better than that of the outmost beam of the conventional multi-beam antenna. The gain of the beam overlapping place is 45.94dB, and the gain is about 0.7dB overlapping, which is superior to the index of 3 dB-8B overlapping of the conventional multi-beam antenna. The whole coverage airspace is 3.7 degrees, the gain when the position of the coverage airspace edge is 1.85 degrees is 45.89dB, and the gain is only reduced by 1.28B compared with the normal gain. The gain of the central azimuth difference beam and the pitch difference beam is better than 41.4dB, and the difference beam separation angle is about +/-0.5 degrees.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a novel multibeam formation of image is from tracking parabolic antenna, includes hyperbolic pair reflecting surface, the parabolic owner reflecting surface and the setting of focus coincidence are in feed on the focus, its characterized in that: the feed source is a phased array multi-beam feed source;
the feed source is used for forming offset feed multi-beam signals, center and difference beam signals simultaneously, irradiating the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface and then reflecting the offset feed multi-beam signals to the parabolic main reflecting surface; the offset feed multi-beam signal is used for guiding capture tracking, and the center and difference beam signals are used for single-pulse self-tracking;
the central single pulse and the differential beam with different gains and beam widths can be flexibly formed by exciting different numbers of central units, and different numbers of different overlapped different deflection beams can be flexibly formed by exciting different deflection units at different positions;
the method comprises the steps of exciting unit combinations at different positions to form out-of-focus beams with different space pointing angles, wherein the out-of-focus multi-beam is formed by overlapping a plurality of out-of-focus beams with different space pointing angles formed simultaneously, and the out-of-focus multi-beam realizes minimization of out-of-focus gain loss by carrying out phase weighting on each out-of-focus beam with different space pointing angles.
2. A novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the feed source comprises a plurality of digital phase control units and an array signal processing subsystem electrically connected with each digital phase control unit, wherein the digital phase control units are used for amplifying, down-converting, sampling and outputting digital signals to the array signal processing subsystem after receiving radio frequency signals, and the array signal processing subsystem is used for receiving the digital signals and simultaneously forming the offset feed multi-beam, the center and the difference beam output;
the digital phase control unit comprises an antenna unit, a coupler, an R component, a frequency conversion component, a distribution network and a digital sampling terminal which are electrically connected in sequence; the array signal processing subsystem includes an array signal processor.
3. A novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to claim 2, wherein: the antenna unit is a back cavity type planar butterfly antenna, the back cavity type planar butterfly antenna is a hexagonal back cavity, and the hexagonal back cavities are distributed according to a triangular grid.
4. A novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to claim 3, wherein: the feed source comprises 109 digital phase control units, and each 7 digital phase control units irradiate the hyperbolic secondary reflecting surface and then reflect the hyperbolic secondary reflecting surface to the parabolic primary reflecting surface to form a high-gain wave beam.
5. A novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to claim 2, wherein: the space-pointing angle different defocused beams are formed by simultaneously exciting 18 or 60 high-gain defocused beams, the high-gain defocused beams are formed by irradiating the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface by 7 digital phase control units and then reflecting the hyperbolic auxiliary reflecting surface to the parabolic main reflecting surface, the arrangement mode of the 7 digital phase control units is that the center is 1 outer ring 6, and the center 1 digital phase control unit is a defocused digital phase control unit;
the arrangement of the 18 high-gain defocused beams is as follows: the first circle of 6 high-gain defocused beams and the second circle of 12 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the 6 high-gain defocused beams of the first circle share one digital phase control unit, and the phase centers of the 6 high-gain defocused beams of the first circle are closely arranged on the outer circle of the shared digital phase control unit;
the arrangement of the 60 high-gain defocused beams is as follows: the first circle 6, the second circle 12, the third circle 18 and the fourth circle 24 are arranged in sequence from inside to outside;
for each of the off-focal beams, minimization of off-focal gain loss is achieved by phase weighting.
6. A novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to claim 2, wherein:
the center and difference beam signals are formed by exciting at least 7 digital phase control units positioned at the center for the feed source;
the center sum difference beam signal includes a center sum beam signal, a azimuth difference beam signal, and a elevation difference signal.
7. The novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to claim 6, wherein: the center and beam signals are formed by exciting 7 digital phase control units positioned in the center for the feed source at the same time, and the 7 digital phase control units are arranged as follows: the phase center of the feed source and 6 digital phase control units positioned on the outer circle of the phase center.
8. The novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to claim 6, wherein: the azimuth difference beam signals are formed by exciting 6 digital phase control units located in the center of the feed source at the same time, and the 6 digital phase control units are distributed into 3 digital phase control units which are symmetric left and right in the phase center of the feed source.
9. The novel multi-beam imaging self-tracking parabolic antenna according to claim 6, wherein: the pitching difference signal is formed by exciting 6 digital phase control units located in the center of the feed source at the same time, the 6 digital phase control units are distributed into 3 digital phase control units above the phase center of the feed source and 3 digital phase control units below the phase center of the feed source, and the 6 digital phase control units are pitching-symmetrical.
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