CN113800952A - Glazed tile with artistic effect and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Glazed tile with artistic effect and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113800952A CN113800952A CN202111120279.3A CN202111120279A CN113800952A CN 113800952 A CN113800952 A CN 113800952A CN 202111120279 A CN202111120279 A CN 202111120279A CN 113800952 A CN113800952 A CN 113800952A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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Abstract
The invention provides an artistic glazed tile and a preparation method thereof; the preparation method comprises the following steps: a) preparing glaze, and printing on the bottom brick according to the drawing requirement to obtain the glazed bottom brick; b) drying the glazed bottom brick obtained in the step a), and firing to obtain the artistic glazed brick. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method provided by the invention takes the advantages of both the in-glaze color printed brick process and the single-color glazed brick process, adopts specific process steps and conditions, utilizes multiple transparent single-color glazes to realize pattern expression on the ceramic tile, namely each color in the pattern is a single-color glaze layer with a certain thickness, can be imagined that a layer of transparent or matte color glass (glaze) with patterns covers the ceramic tile, the obtained glazed tile is more similar to the single-color glazed brick in nature, but unlike the in-glaze color printed interlayer, the ceramic tile is longitudinally made of the same single-color glaze material from bottom to surface, realizes the control of the multiple single-color glazes on the same tile surface, and forms patterns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of glazed tiles, in particular to a glazed tile with artistic quality and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The process of the glazed tile on the market mainly comprises an in-glaze color printed tile and a single-color glazed tile. The in-glaze color printed brick is a combination of single-layer printing and colorless glaze, and generally comprises the steps of firstly applying base glaze, then printing (screen printing or laser printing), and then applying a layer of transparent overglaze, thus sealing the pattern in the glaze; the single-color glazed tile is directly applied with single-color glaze without printing process, and the color and texture of the glaze are used as the main characteristics of the product.
The in-glaze color printing process has the advantages that various patterns can be printed, the design of the patterns is almost unlimited, and the defects that the pattern printing layer is all opaque pigment, the patterns are flat, and the color and the texture are not as good as those of high-quality single-color glazed tiles. The single-color glazed brick has the advantages that a thick and transparent glaze layer is utilized to express colors, the colors are transparent, the depth is high, and the defect that patterns cannot be manufactured and can only be formed by splicing tiny mosaics.
In addition, the prior art also has a process of representing patterns by using glaze colors, which is called as the mural painting and the three-color mural painting, but a ceramic mud line is used for making a separation line on a blank body, different single-color glazes are manually filled in the separation area, and each glaze color also forms a thick glaze layer with the thickness of more than 0.4 mm.
However, the process requires ceramic mud lines as frit separation lines, resulting in the following disadvantages:
(1) the separating mud line is visually used as an unavoidable element to separate the glaze colors, so that the color integrity on the picture is poor; the patterns cannot be made finer than mud lines, the style change is less, and the aesthetic fatigue is easy to realize; (2) the glaze is separated by the mud line, the glaze cannot be in direct contact with each other, and if the glaze with high fluidity is used, visual change of mutual fusion between the glazes cannot be formed; (3) the drawing of the ceramic mud line, including filling glaze into the mud line outline, needs manual drawing, and the step cannot be completed through printing, so that the ceramic mud line cannot be rapidly produced in large batch.
In conclusion, although ceramic tile products on the market are various in types, no glazed tile which can be produced in batch and has great artistry exists all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an artistic glazed tile and a method for manufacturing the same, in which transparent multiple single-color glazes are used to express patterns on the glazed tile, so as to control the multiple single-color glazes on the same tile surface and form patterns.
The invention provides a preparation method of an artistic glazed tile, which comprises the following steps:
a) preparing glaze, and printing on the bottom brick according to the drawing requirement to obtain the glazed bottom brick;
b) drying the glazed bottom brick obtained in the step a), and firing to obtain the artistic glazed brick.
Preferably, the glaze in step a) is prepared from raw materials including glaze powder, water and ceramic printing oil;
the basic formula of the glaze powder comprises the following components:
19 parts of albite;
12-14 parts of potassium feldspar;
16 to 18 parts by weight of kaolin;
16-18 parts by weight of quartz;
16-18 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
16-18 parts by weight of boron frit;
the glaze powder comprises green glaze, yellow glaze, blue glaze and transparent glaze according to different coloring agents; wherein the green glaze comprises the basic formula and 4-6 parts by weight of basic copper carbonate; the yellow glaze comprises the basic formula and 3-5 parts by weight of iron oxide red; the blue glaze comprises the basic formula, 0.5-0.9 weight part of cobalt oxide and 1-3 weight parts of basic copper carbonate; the transparent glaze is the basic formula without adding coloring agent.
Preferably, the preparation method of the glaze specifically comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the prepared glaze powder to water is (1.5-2.5): 1, the weight ratio of glaze powder to ceramic stamp-pad ink is (3-5): 1, adjusted to a state similar to but slightly more fluid than the ink, and ball milled.
Preferably, after the glaze is prepared, the glaze is sieved by 80-150 meshes, and the sieving allowance is not more than 0.5%.
Preferably, the charting requirement in step a) includes:
(1) plate making: designing a vector pattern in a computer, and manufacturing a water-based silk screen plate according to the pattern by dividing the color, wherein the mesh number is 80-120 meshes;
(2) calibration: mounting the screen plate on a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printing machine, aligning and calibrating the positions of the bottom bricks and the screen plate, and preparing for printing; the height of the screen mesh plate is 2-4 mm away from the surface of the ceramic tile.
Preferably, the bottom tile in step a) is a ceramic tile biscuit.
Preferably, the printing mode in the step a) is color register printing; the process of the chromatography printing specifically comprises the following steps:
a1) performing color register printing by using a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printing machine, wherein each color is printed for 1 time; printing all colors in sequence according to the screen plates distributed by the colors to complete the pattern, and enabling the whole glaze layer to reach uniform thickness; before each color is printed, printing is carried out after the fact that the last color is dry is confirmed; if glaze is adhered below the screen meshes of the silk screen after printing, the silk screen needs to be wiped clean before next printing so as to prevent the screen from being blocked;
a2) repeating the step a1) on the same tile for 5-10 times until the thickness of the glaze layer reaches 0.8-1.2 mm.
Preferably, the drying mode in the step b) is natural drying of the glaze; if the printing is finished, the glaze surface has small gaps which are not printed partially, the glaze surface can be lightly brushed by hands after drying, and the gaps are filled by utilizing the powder on the surface so as to ensure the completeness of the glaze surface.
Preferably, the firing in step b) adopts temperature programming; the temperature programming process specifically comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the temperature rise rate is 145-155 ℃/h, the target temperature is 115-125 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 25-35 min;
the temperature rise rate of the second stage is 145 ℃/h-155 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 535-540 ℃;
in the third stage, the heating rate is 75-85 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 635-640 ℃;
the fourth stage heating rate is 145 ℃/h-155 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 1080-1085 ℃;
in the fifth stage, the heating rate is 55-65 ℃/h, the target temperature is 1220-1225 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0-10 min.
The invention also provides an artistic glazed tile which is prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme.
The invention provides an artistic glazed tile and a preparation method thereof; the preparation method comprises the following steps: a) preparing glaze, and printing on the bottom brick according to the drawing requirement to obtain the glazed bottom brick; b) drying the glazed bottom brick obtained in the step a), and firing to obtain the artistic glazed brick. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method provided by the invention takes the advantages of both the in-glaze color printed brick process and the single-color glazed brick process, adopts specific process steps and conditions, utilizes multiple transparent single-color glazes to realize pattern expression on the ceramic tile, namely each color in the pattern is a single-color glaze layer with a certain thickness, can be imagined that a layer of transparent or matte color glass (glaze) with patterns covers the ceramic tile, the obtained glazed tile is more similar to the single-color glazed brick in nature, but unlike the in-glaze color printed interlayer, the ceramic tile is longitudinally made of the same single-color glaze material from bottom to surface, realizes the control of the multiple single-color glazes on the same tile surface, and forms patterns.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process of performing a process of printing a first color 1 time in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second color pass of a process of overprinting in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing that the process of color register printing is completed for all colors (three colors) and the whole glaze layer has a uniform thickness;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the embodiment of the present invention, which is used for color register printing until the thickness of the glaze layer reaches about 1.0 mm;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a finished product obtained by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an overall effect diagram of a finished good fortune series porcelain plate decorative picture obtained by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a detail view of a finished good fortune series porcelain plate decorative drawing obtained by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a finished product of a decorative picture of a fortune series porcelain plate obtained in the embodiment of the present invention without mounting;
fig. 9 is an overall effect diagram of the finished ceramic table board 1 according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 10 is a top view of a finished ceramic table 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a detailed view of a finished ceramic table board 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a top view of a finished ceramic table 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a detail view 1 of a finished ceramic table 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a detailed view 2 of a finished ceramic table 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of an artistic glazed tile, which comprises the following steps:
a) preparing glaze, and printing on the bottom brick according to the drawing requirement to obtain the glazed bottom brick;
b) drying the glazed bottom brick obtained in the step a), and firing to obtain the artistic glazed brick.
The invention firstly prepares glaze and prints on the bottom brick according to the drawing requirement to obtain the bottom brick printed with the glaze. In the present invention, the glaze is preferably prepared from raw materials including glaze powder, water and ceramic printing oil. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, four glaze powders are used, the basic formula of which is the same and the coloring agent of which is different.
In the present invention, the basic formulation of the glaze powder preferably comprises the following components:
19 parts of albite;
12-14 parts of potassium feldspar;
16 to 18 parts by weight of kaolin;
16-18 parts by weight of quartz;
16-18 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
16-18 parts by weight of boron frit;
more preferably:
19 parts of albite;
13 parts of potassium feldspar;
17 parts of kaolin;
17 parts by weight of quartz;
17 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
17 parts by weight of boron frit.
In the present invention, the glaze powder preferably includes green glaze, yellow glaze, blue glaze and transparent glaze according to the difference of the coloring agent; wherein the green glaze comprises the basic formula and 4-6 parts by weight of basic copper carbonate; namely, the green glaze powder preferably comprises:
19 parts of albite;
12-14 parts of potassium feldspar;
16 to 18 parts by weight of kaolin;
16-18 parts by weight of quartz;
16-18 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
16-18 parts by weight of boron frit;
4-6 parts of basic copper carbonate;
more preferably:
19 parts of albite;
13 parts of potassium feldspar;
17 parts of kaolin;
17 parts by weight of quartz;
17 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
17 parts by weight of boron frit;
5 parts of basic copper carbonate.
The yellow glaze preferably comprises the basic formula and 3-5 parts by weight of iron oxide red; namely, the yellow glaze powder preferably comprises:
19 parts of albite;
12-14 parts of potassium feldspar;
16 to 18 parts by weight of kaolin;
16-18 parts by weight of quartz;
16-18 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
16-18 parts by weight of boron frit;
3-5 parts of iron oxide red;
more preferably:
19 parts of albite;
13 parts of potassium feldspar;
17 parts of kaolin;
17 parts by weight of quartz;
17 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
17 parts by weight of boron frit;
4 parts of iron oxide red.
The blue glaze preferably comprises the basic formula, 0.5 to 0.9 weight part of cobalt oxide and 1 to 3 weight parts of basic copper carbonate; namely, the blue glaze powder preferably comprises:
19 parts of albite;
12-14 parts of potassium feldspar;
16 to 18 parts by weight of kaolin;
16-18 parts by weight of quartz;
16-18 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
16-18 parts by weight of boron frit;
0.5 to 0.9 weight part of cobalt oxide;
1-3 parts by weight of basic copper carbonate;
more preferably:
19 parts of albite;
13 parts of potassium feldspar;
17 parts of kaolin;
17 parts by weight of quartz;
17 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
17 parts by weight of boron frit;
0.7 part by weight of cobalt oxide;
2 parts of basic copper carbonate.
The transparent glaze is preferably prepared by the basic formula without adding a coloring agent; namely, the transparent glaze powder preferably comprises:
19 parts of albite;
12-14 parts of potassium feldspar;
16 to 18 parts by weight of kaolin;
16-18 parts by weight of quartz;
16-18 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
16-18 parts by weight of boron frit;
more preferably:
19 parts of albite;
13 parts of potassium feldspar;
17 parts of kaolin;
17 parts by weight of quartz;
17 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
17 parts by weight of boron frit.
The source of each raw material used for the glaze of the present invention is not particularly limited, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the glaze material is preferably prepared by a method specifically comprising: the weight ratio of the prepared glaze powder to water is (1.5-2.5): 1, the weight ratio of glaze powder to ceramic stamp-pad ink is (3-5): 1, adjusting the mixture to be in a state similar to ink but slightly stronger than the fluidity of the ink, and performing ball milling;
more preferably:
the weight ratio of the prepared glaze powder to water is 2: 1, the weight ratio of glaze powder to ceramic stamp-pad ink is 4: 1, adjusted to a state similar to but slightly more fluid than the ink, and ball milled.
In the invention, after the glaze is prepared, the glaze is preferably sieved by 80 to 150 meshes; the sieving allowance is not more than 0.5 percent.
The glaze preparing process is adopted, a formula is selected according to color and texture, glaze is prepared, 20-30 g (preferably 25g) of ceramic printing oil is added into every 100g of glaze powder, the glaze powder is prepared into a state similar to ink but slightly stronger than the fluidity of the ink, and the ceramic printing oil is subjected to ball milling and sieving. In the invention, the glaze used on the same pattern needs to be distinguished by colors after being prepared; if the color is close, edible pigment can be added for dyeing differentiation.
In the present invention, the drawing requirements preferably include:
(1) plate making: designing a vector pattern in a computer, and manufacturing a water-based silk screen plate according to the pattern by dividing the color, wherein the mesh number is 80-120 meshes;
(2) calibration: mounting the screen plate on a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printing machine, aligning and calibrating the positions of the bottom bricks and the screen plate, and preparing for printing; the height of the screen mesh plate is 2-4 mm away from the surface of the ceramic tile.
In the present invention, the bottom tile is preferably a tile biscuit. The invention is not particularly limited as to the source of the tile biscuit, and a tile biscuit having a strength and water absorption known to those skilled in the art may be used. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom brick is a ceramic blank made of middle white mud in Jingdezhen, the material is middle white mud, the firing is carried out to 750-1000 ℃, the preferred material is 900 ℃, the water absorption is preferably 10-25%, and the flatness is as follows: the maximum deviation is less than or equal to 2.0 mm.
In the invention, the printing mode is preferably color register printing; the process of the chromatography printing is preferably as follows:
a1) performing color register printing by using a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printing machine, wherein each color is printed for 1 time; printing all colors in sequence according to the screen plates distributed by the colors to complete the pattern, and enabling the whole glaze layer to reach uniform thickness; before each color is printed, printing is carried out after the fact that the last color is dry is confirmed; if glaze is adhered below the screen meshes of the silk screen after printing, the silk screen needs to be wiped clean before next printing so as to prevent the screen from being blocked;
a2) repeating the step a1) on the same tile for 5-10 times until the thickness of the glaze layer reaches 0.8-1.2 mm.
In the present invention, the color register printing preferably uses a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printer. Because the glaze layer is generally 0.1mm-0.2mm after all colors are printed once, and the glaze layer is too thin at the moment, the color effect cannot be formed when the glaze layer is directly fired, on the basis, the invention further repeats the step a1) on the same ceramic tile for 5-10 times until the thickness of the glaze layer reaches 0.8 mm-1.2 mm.
In the invention, the thickness of the printed glaze layer (namely the thickness of the glaze layer in the glazed bottom brick) is preferably 0.8-1.2 mm, and is preferably 1mm +/-0.1 mm. In the present invention, the 1mm ± 0.1mm is the optimum thickness for the general enamel to exhibit its color, thin easily too light in color, thick easily too dark in color, or blurred in pattern due to downward flow.
After the bottom brick printed with the glaze is obtained, the obtained bottom brick printed with the glaze is dried and then fired to obtain the glazed brick with artistic quality.
In the invention, the drying mode is preferably natural drying glaze; the solution of drying in the shade in a dry room, which is well known to those skilled in the art, may be used. In the invention, if the printing is finished, the glaze surface has small gaps which are not printed partially, the glaze surface can be lightly brushed by hands after being dried, and the gaps are filled by utilizing the powder on the surface so as to ensure the completeness of the glaze surface.
In the invention, the ceramic tile/ceramic board picture with complete glaze patterns can be obtained by firing the ceramic tile/ceramic board picture in a kiln to the normal temperature required by glaze and blank; the firing preferably adopts temperature programming; the preferable process of temperature programming is as follows:
in the first stage, the temperature rise rate is 145-155 ℃/h, the target temperature is 115-125 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 25-35 min;
the temperature rise rate of the second stage is 145 ℃/h-155 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 535-540 ℃;
in the third stage, the heating rate is 75-85 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 635-640 ℃;
the fourth stage heating rate is 145 ℃/h-155 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 1080-1085 ℃;
in the fifth stage, the heating rate is 55-65 ℃/h, the target temperature is 1220-1225 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0-10 min;
more preferably:
in the first stage, the heating rate is 150 ℃/h, the target temperature is 120 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30 min;
the temperature rise rate of the second stage is 150 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 538 ℃;
in the third stage, the heating rate is 80 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 638 ℃;
the fourth stage heating rate is 150 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 1083 ℃;
in the fifth stage, the heating rate is 60 ℃/h, the target temperature is 1222 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0min (no heat preservation is needed).
The invention provides a preparation method of glazed tiles with artistry, in particular to a method for drawing ceramic tiles and ceramic plate pictures with patterns by using glaze color, which has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior in-glaze color printing process: according to the invention, each glaze is printed on the porcelain plate according to the designed pattern, so that the thickness of each colored glaze is about 0.5-0.8mm after sintering, and the pattern is finally formed; if the transparent glaze is used, the color of the glaze is refracted by light with a certain thickness, and the visual effect is more transparent and deeper than that of the glazed color printed ceramic tile, and the artistry is strong.
Compared with a single-color glazed brick: the invention solves the problem that the single-color glazed brick can not be designed with complex patterns, realizes the control of transparent and beautiful glaze color and forms patterns.
Compared with the enamel color process: the invention does not need mud lines to separate glaze materials, the pattern can avoid the interference of the mud lines, the design space is larger, and the color impression is better; according to the fluidity of the prepared glaze at high temperature, the fusion degree between the glaze and the glaze can be changed, the boundary of the glaze can be clear and fuzzy, the visual effect can be lucent and hazy, and the glaze has more styles of design possibility and strong artistry; more importantly, the invention uses silk screen chromatography without hand drawing, thereby greatly improving the production speed and reducing the production difficulty and the rejection rate.
In addition, the invention utilizes silk screen multi-layer printing to print each glaze into a thick glaze layer, thereby enabling the glaze color to express patterns and having no separation gaps among colors. The invention can also be applied to various glazes at the same temperature: glossy glaze, matte glaze, semi-matte glaze, patterned glaze, flapped glaze, crystallized glaze and the like. Various glazes made of different materials can be displayed on the same brick surface through the glaze material.
The invention also provides an artistic glazed tile which is prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme. The glazed tile with artistic effect provided by the invention is prepared by adopting a preparation method with specific process steps and conditions, and the expression of patterns is realized on the tile by utilizing transparent multiple monochromatic glazes, namely each color in the patterns is a monochromatic glaze layer with the thickness of 0.5-0.8mm, a layer of transparent or matte colored glass (glaze) with patterns can be imagined to cover the tile, the obtained glazed tile is essentially closer to the monochromatic glazed tile, but unlike the in-glaze color with a printing interlayer, the tile is longitudinally made of the same monochromatic glaze material from bottom to top, the control of multiple monochromatic glazes on the same tile surface is realized, and the patterns are formed.
The invention provides an artistic glazed tile and a preparation method thereof; the preparation method comprises the following steps: a) preparing glaze, and printing on the bottom brick according to the drawing requirement to obtain the glazed bottom brick; b) drying the glazed bottom brick obtained in the step a), and firing to obtain the artistic glazed brick. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method provided by the invention takes the advantages of both the in-glaze color printed brick process and the single-color glazed brick process, adopts specific process steps and conditions, utilizes multiple transparent single-color glazes to realize pattern expression on the ceramic tile, namely each color in the pattern is a single-color glaze layer with a certain thickness, can be imagined that a layer of transparent or matte color glass (glaze) with patterns covers the ceramic tile, the obtained glazed tile is more similar to the single-color glazed brick in nature, but unlike the in-glaze color printed interlayer, the ceramic tile is longitudinally made of the same single-color glaze material from bottom to surface, realizes the control of the multiple single-color glazes on the same tile surface, and forms patterns.
To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided for illustration. The raw materials used in the following examples of the present invention are all commercially available; wherein, the bottom brick is made of a ceramic plate biscuit made of white mud in Jingdezhen, the material is white mud, the biscuit is calcined to 900 ℃, the water absorption rate is 14%, and the flatness is as follows: the maximum deviation is less than or equal to 2.0 mm.
Examples
(1) Preparing glaze: four glazes were used, the basic formulation being identical and the colorants being different:
the basic formula is as follows:
19 parts of albite;
13 parts of potassium feldspar;
17 parts of kaolin;
17 parts by weight of quartz;
17 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
17 parts of boron frit (Zibo product);
colorant:
green glaze: 5 parts of basic copper carbonate;
yellow glaze: 4 parts by weight of iron oxide red;
blue glaze: 0.7 part by weight of cobalt oxide and 2 parts by weight of basic copper carbonate;
transparent glaze: no colorant;
glaze for printing: the weight ratio of the prepared glaze powder to water is 2: adding 25g of ceramic printing oil into every 100g of glaze powder, adjusting the glaze powder to be in a state similar to ink but slightly stronger than the fluidity of the ink, and carrying out ball milling;
after the glaze is prepared, the glaze is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and the sieving allowance is not more than 0.5%.
(2) Plate making and calibration:
plate making: the vector pattern is designed in a computer, and the pattern is divided according to colors to manufacture the water-based silk screen plate, and the mesh number is about 100 meshes.
Calibrating: mounting the screen plate on a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printing machine, aligning and calibrating the positions of the ceramic tiles and the screen plate, and preparing for printing; the height of the screen mesh plate is 3mm away from the surface of the ceramic tile.
(3) Printing:
firstly, performing color register printing by using a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printing machine, wherein one color is printed for 1 time, and the color register printing is shown in figures 1-2; printing all colors in sequence according to the screen plate distributed by colors to complete the pattern, ensuring the uniform thickness of the whole glaze layer, and printing after confirming that one color is dry before each color is printed; if the glaze is adhered to the lower part of the screen mesh after printing, the screen needs to be wiped clean before next printing to prevent the screen from being blocked, as shown in fig. 3.
And secondly, repeating the steps of the printing process on the same tile for 5-10 times (printing all colors once each time, and performing the next printing after the glaze layer reaches the uniform thickness) until the thickness of the glaze layer reaches about 1.0mm, as shown in figure 4.
(4) Airing the glaze:
drying the green body in a dry room in the shade; if the printing is finished, the glaze surface has small gaps which are not printed partially, the glaze surface can be lightly brushed by hands after drying, and the gaps are filled by utilizing the powder on the surface so as to ensure the completeness of the glaze surface.
(5) Firing in a kiln: firing the green body in an electric kiln to 1222 degrees celsius:
firstly, the speed of the first stage is 150 ℃/h, the target temperature is 120 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30 min;
the rate of the second stage is 150 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 538 ℃;
③ the third stage speed is 80 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 638 ℃;
fourthly, the fourth stage rate is 150 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 1083 ℃;
fifth stage speed rate 60 deg.C/h, target temperature 1222 deg.C, heat preservation 0 min.
Obtaining finished glazed tiles (ceramic tiles/ceramic plate pictures) with artistic quality, and referring to figures 5-14; fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a finished product obtained in the embodiment of the invention, and fig. 6 to 14 are real diagrams of a finished product of a fortune series porcelain plate and a ceramic table plate obtained in the embodiment of the invention.
The three-color glaze formula is used as an embodiment formula; because the glaze is the bright glaze, the surface is relatively flat after firing, the yellow glaze and the green glaze are relatively transparent, the thickness of the glaze layer can be seen, the texture and the light sensation are similar to those of colored glaze, and the glaze has visual depth, so that the glaze has high artistry.
The ceramic table plate adopts four-color register, frosted matte glaze with three colors is used for color blocks in the patterns, and bright glaze is used for thin lines; a total of four color process plates; the combination of two glaze textures enables the ceramic table top pattern to have stereoscopic impression and touch.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of glazed tile with artistic effect comprises the following steps:
a) preparing glaze, and printing on the bottom brick according to the drawing requirement to obtain the glazed bottom brick;
b) drying the glazed bottom brick obtained in the step a), and firing to obtain the artistic glazed brick.
2. The method for preparing the glaze according to claim 1, wherein the glaze in step a) is prepared from raw materials comprising glaze powder, water and ceramic printing oil;
the basic formula of the glaze powder comprises the following components:
19 parts of albite;
12-14 parts of potassium feldspar;
16 to 18 parts by weight of kaolin;
16-18 parts by weight of quartz;
16-18 parts by weight of calcium carbonate;
16-18 parts by weight of boron frit;
the glaze powder comprises green glaze, yellow glaze, blue glaze and transparent glaze according to different coloring agents; wherein the green glaze comprises the basic formula and 4-6 parts by weight of basic copper carbonate; the yellow glaze comprises the basic formula and 3-5 parts by weight of iron oxide red; the blue glaze comprises the basic formula, 0.5-0.9 weight part of cobalt oxide and 1-3 weight parts of basic copper carbonate; the transparent glaze is the basic formula without adding coloring agent.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the glaze is prepared by a method comprising: the weight ratio of the prepared glaze powder to water is (1.5-2.5): 1, the weight ratio of glaze powder to ceramic stamp-pad ink is (3-5): 1, adjusted to a state similar to but slightly more fluid than the ink, and ball milled.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the glaze is sieved through 80 to 150 meshes after being prepared, and the sieving margin is not more than 0.5%.
5. The method for preparing according to claim 1, wherein the drawing requirements in step a) include:
(1) plate making: designing a vector pattern in a computer, and manufacturing a water-based silk screen plate according to the pattern by dividing the color, wherein the mesh number is 80-120 meshes;
(2) calibration: mounting the screen plate on a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printing machine, aligning and calibrating the positions of the bottom bricks and the screen plate, and preparing for printing; the height of the screen mesh plate is 2-4 mm away from the surface of the ceramic tile.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the base tile in step a) is a tile biscuit.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the printing in step a) is a process printing; the process of the chromatography printing specifically comprises the following steps:
a1) performing color register printing by using a single-wheel rotary multicolor screen printing machine, wherein each color is printed for 1 time; printing all colors in sequence according to the screen plates distributed by the colors to complete the pattern, and enabling the whole glaze layer to reach uniform thickness; before each color is printed, printing is carried out after the fact that the last color is dry is confirmed; if glaze is adhered below the screen meshes of the silk screen after printing, the silk screen needs to be wiped clean before next printing so as to prevent the screen from being blocked;
a2) repeating the step a1) on the same tile for 5-10 times until the thickness of the glaze layer reaches 0.8-1.2 mm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying in step b) is performed by natural drying of the glaze; if the printing is finished, the glaze surface has small gaps which are not printed partially, the glaze surface can be lightly brushed by hands after drying, and the gaps are filled by utilizing the powder on the surface so as to ensure the completeness of the glaze surface.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the firing in step b) employs a temperature program; the temperature programming process specifically comprises the following steps:
in the first stage, the temperature rise rate is 145-155 ℃/h, the target temperature is 115-125 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 25-35 min;
the temperature rise rate of the second stage is 145 ℃/h-155 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 535-540 ℃;
in the third stage, the heating rate is 75-85 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 635-640 ℃;
the fourth stage heating rate is 145 ℃/h-155 ℃/h, and the target temperature is 1080-1085 ℃;
in the fifth stage, the heating rate is 55-65 ℃/h, the target temperature is 1220-1225 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0-10 min.
10. An artistic glazed tile, characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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