CN113695854B - Method for improving qualification rate of missile engine pull rod - Google Patents

Method for improving qualification rate of missile engine pull rod Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113695854B
CN113695854B CN202111030327.XA CN202111030327A CN113695854B CN 113695854 B CN113695854 B CN 113695854B CN 202111030327 A CN202111030327 A CN 202111030327A CN 113695854 B CN113695854 B CN 113695854B
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workpiece
steel ring
sleeve
qualification rate
ring sleeve
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CN113695854A (en
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任加峰
陈东阜
关宁
杨琢
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AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
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AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B1/00Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B15/00Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2220/00Details of turning, boring or drilling processes
    • B23B2220/44Roughing
    • B23B2220/445Roughing and finishing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the qualification rate of a pull rod of a missile engine, which comprises a straightening part, a rough turning part, a semi-finish turning part and a finish turning part, wherein the semi-finish turning part is provided with a steel ring sleeve, the steel ring sleeve is a steel ring with an opening, the opening is formed along the axis of the steel ring sleeve and is vertical to the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the steel ring sleeve, and the steel ring sleeve is arranged at one end of a workpiece and is clamped outside the steel ring sleeve by a three-jaw chuck; the fine turning part is provided with an adjusting sleeve, the adjusting sleeve is arranged at a position, close to one third of a machine tool, of a workpiece, the axis of the outer circle of the adjusting sleeve is overlapped with the axis of a lathe spindle, and a screw of the adjusting sleeve is screwed down to clamp the workpiece. The semi-finish turning and the finish turning adopt elastic live centers. The invention provides an effective method for clamping mode, processing method, tool selection and cutting amount in the turning process of slender shaft parts. After improvement, through processing verification, the quality control analysis is accurate, the qualification rate reaches 100%, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Method for improving qualification rate of missile engine pull rod
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slender rod processing, and particularly relates to a method for improving the qualification rate of a missile engine pull rod.
Background
Because the missile engine pull rod is a slender rod piece, the structure of the part is special, the ratio of the length to the diameter of a slender shaft is more than 25 times, the part is provided with key teeth, bosses and circular arcs for connection, the quality problem is mainly in the turning process, the current positioning and clamping means and general tools cannot meet the requirements on semi-finish turning and finish turning clamping, the workpiece is bent due to the jumping of 0.30-0.60mm, and the subsequent processing requirements cannot be ensured, so the requirements on the processing part and the part size cannot be ensured by the current processing method, the problems of excessive taper caused by part vibration, tool gnawing and complete generation of taper in the turning process are solved, and the problems of overlarge taper, bamboo joint, prism, out-of-round and the like are frequently caused, so the processing precision of the part cannot be ensured, the quality of the part is difficult to be ensured, the acceptance rate of the part is low, and the product quality and the delivery progress are restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the qualification rate of a pull rod of a missile engine, which controls the deformation of parts by improving a tool, a cutter structure and a machining method, strictly controls the machining process by improving the machining conditions, improves the machining qualification rate of a turning process procedure, and improves the qualification rate from 80% to 100%.
A method for improving the qualification rate of a missile engine pull rod comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, straightening the rough material after heat treatment: straightening the workpiece by using a copper bar by adopting a reverse knocking method, so that the straightness of the workpiece is not more than 0.30mm;
step two: roughly turning the workpiece;
step three:
(1) Performing semi-finish turning on the workpiece, installing a steel ring sleeve at one end of the workpiece, and clamping the steel ring sleeve outside by using a three-jaw chuck; the other end of the workpiece is propped by an elastic live center; using reverse feed machining;
(2) Unloading the workpiece and the steel ring sleeve, clamping the workpiece by using a three-jaw chuck, wherein the extending length of the workpiece on the three-jaw chuck is 35-40 mm, and turning one end of the workpiece by 90 degrees to remove the allowance of a semi-finish turning part; processing a part needing gear hobbing, namely a reference, reserving a margin of 0.5-0.6mm, and then processing a central hole on the end face by using a central drill with the diameter of 2 mm;
(3) Detaching the workpiece from the three-jaw chuck, transferring two end faces, clamping by using the four-jaw chuck, machining the other end, removing semi-finish turning allowance, and drilling a center hole on the exposed end face;
step four: detaching a workpiece, clamping by using two elastic live center centers, enabling the machining part to be close to a bed head during clamping, and performing semi-finish turning by reverse feed;
step five: the workpiece is dismounted, the adjusting sleeve is arranged at one third position of the workpiece close to a machine tool, the axis of the excircle of the adjusting cylinder of the adjusting sleeve is superposed with the axis of the lathe spindle, and the screw of the adjusting sleeve is screwed down to clamp the workpiece; clamping by using two elastic live center; then supporting the jaws of the center frame of the lathe outside the adjusting sleeve, namely performing finish turning by using reverse feed, filling sufficient cooling liquid, and selecting a cutter with a front angle of 15-30 degrees to keep the cutter sharp.
And in the second step, the rotating speed during rough machining is 320r/min, the back cutting amount is 1-3 mm, and the feeding amount is 0.23mm.
In the third step (1), the sufficient cooling liquid needs to be filled in the processing vehicle to keep the cutter sharp, the back cutting amount is not easy to exceed 1mm, and the last cutter is not more than 0.5mm;
in the third step (2), the rotating speed is 450r/min, the back bite amount is 3mm, and the feed amount is 0.20-0.30mm per rotation; the diameter of the central hole is 2.5-3mm;
in the third step (1), the length is not more than 30mm, the radial runout of two points in the same direction is not more than 0.01mm, and the runout value is in one direction; the length of the workpiece extending out of the four-jaw chuck is not more than 30mm;
the rotating speed in the fourth step is 450r/min, the feed amount is 0.1-0.2mm, and the feed amount is 0.05-0.08mm;
in the fifth step, 540r/min of processing speed, 0.10-0.15mm of back cutting amount and 0.05-0.7mm of feeding amount are selected.
The steel ring sleeve is a steel ring with an opening, and the opening is formed along the axis of the steel ring sleeve and is vertical to the upper end face and the lower end face of the steel ring sleeve; the inner diameter of the steel ring sleeve is 0.3mm larger than the outer diameter of the workpiece; when the steel ring is sleeved on the clamp, the opening of the steel ring needs to be kept away from chuck jaws of the three-jaw chuck.
The steel ring sleeve is made of brass.
The width of the opening is 1-1.5mm.
And D, contacting the central frame with the adjusting sleeve in the fifth step.
The adjusting sleeve comprises an adjusting cylinder and screws which are uniformly distributed on the adjusting cylinder along the circumferential direction; the adjusting cylinder is provided with screws at different heights, namely the screws are provided with a plurality of circles on the adjusting cylinder; the adjusting sleeve is made of stainless steel.
The tools used for processing in the first step to the fifth step are all hard alloy YT15 finish turning tools, the length of a smoothing edge of (1.2-1.5) f is ground on a secondary cutting edge, and the tool is 0.2mm higher than the center of a workpiece when being clamped.
And a tool tip of the tool adopted in the finish machining process in the fifth step is provided with an arc, and the radius of the arc of the tool tip is R1.2-2mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through field practice, theoretical analysis and practical summary, the processing route and the processing method of the slender shaft type pull rod of the missile engine are researched, and an effective method is provided for the aspects of clamping mode, processing method, tool selection and cutting amount in the turning process of the slender shaft type part. After improvement, through processing verification, the quality control analysis is accurate, the qualification rate reaches 100%, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a steel ring cover in the present invention (wherein, FIG. a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the steel ring cover, and FIG. b is a schematic usage view of the steel ring cover);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state of use of the adjustment sleeve according to the present invention (wherein FIG. (a) is a front view, and FIG. (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view);
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the cutter according to the present invention (wherein, FIG. (a) is a left R-blade, and FIG. (b) is a right R-blade);
wherein,
1-a steel ring sleeve, 2-a three-jaw chuck, 3-a workpiece, 4-an adjusting sleeve, 41-an adjusting cylinder and 42-a screw.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be described in detail by the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A method for improving the qualification rate of a missile engine pull rod specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, straightening the rough material after heat treatment: the workpiece 3 is straightened by the copper bar through a reverse knocking method, so that the straightness of the workpiece 3 is not more than 0.30mm, and the deformation of the workpiece 3 caused by internal stress during machining is reduced.
Step two: roughly turning the workpiece 3, wherein the rotating speed during rough turning is 320r/min, the back cutting depth is 1-3 mm, and the feed rate is 0.23mm;
step three:
(1) The workpiece 3 is semi-finish turned, the thermal deformation extension of the missile engine pull rod in the turning process has two parts, wherein one part is the thermal deformation extension in the semi-finish turning process, and therefore the steel ring sleeve 1 is required to be used in the rough turning and the semi-finish turning processes. As shown in fig. 1, a steel ring sleeve 1 is arranged at one end of a workpiece 3 and is clamped outside the steel ring sleeve 1 by a three-jaw chuck 2 to realize linear connection, so that a clamping part forms a linear contact floating state, a slender shaft can be freely adjusted in the chuck, the contact surface area during clamping is reduced, a line is formed at the clamping position, the over-positioning is improved, and the workpiece 3 can be heated and moved; the other end of the workpiece 3 is propped by an elastic live center; reverse feed machining is used. It needs to be noted that sufficient cooling liquid needs to be filled in the process of turning, the tool is kept sharp, the back cutting amount is not more than 1mm, and the last cutting amount is not more than 0.5mm, so that the thermal deformation elongation during semi-finish turning is solved.
As shown in figure 1, the steel ring sleeve 1 is a steel ring with an opening, and the opening is formed along the axis of the steel ring sleeve 1 and is perpendicular to the upper end face and the lower end face of the steel ring sleeve 1.
When the steel ring sleeve 1 is used for clamping, the opening of the steel ring sleeve needs to be kept away from the chuck jaws of the three-jaw chuck 2.
The steel ring sleeve 1 is made of brass, the inner hole of the steel ring sleeve 1 is 10mm in diameter, 16mm in outer diameter and 3mm in wall thickness, and the opening is 1-1.5mm wide.
(2) The workpiece 3 and the steel ring sleeve 1 are dismounted, the three-jaw chuck 2 is used for clamping the workpiece 3, the protruding length of the workpiece 3 on the three-jaw chuck 2 is 35-40 mm, and one end of the workpiece is lathed by 90 degrees to remove the semi-finish turning allowance. In the embodiment, the rotating speed is 450r/min, the back knife feed is 3mm, and the feed amount is 0.20-0.30mm per rotation. The position needing hobbing, namely the reference, is machined, a margin of 0.5-0.6mm is reserved, a center drill with the diameter of 2mm is used for machining a center hole with the diameter of 3mm on the end face, the center hole is smaller, the hole diameter is 2.5-3mm, and the influence on jumping requirements due to overlarge contact area is avoided.
(3) The workpiece 3 is detached from the three-jaw chuck 2, the two end faces are reversed and then clamped by using the four-jaw chuck, the other end is processed, and (3) removing the semi-finish turning allowance, drilling a central hole on the exposed end face, and performing the same operation as in the step (2). The length of the workpiece 3 extending out of the four-jaw chuck is not more than 30mm, the radial runout of two points in the same direction is not more than 0.01mm when the workpiece is aligned, and the runout value is in one direction. Thereby solving the weight problem of the central hole and adjusting the machining allowance.
Step four: the workpiece 3 is disassembled, two centers of an elastic live center are used for clamping, the machining part is close to a bed head during clamping, reverse feed is carried out for semi-finish turning, in the embodiment, the rotating speed is 450r/min, the tool depth is 0.1-0.2mm, and the feed rate is 0.05-0.08mm, so that the problem that the process finish turning reference technical condition is 0.02mm out of tolerance is solved.
Step five: the workpiece 3 is dismounted, the adjusting sleeve 4 is arranged at one third position of the workpiece 3 close to a machine tool, the axis of the excircle of the adjusting cylinder 41 of the adjusting sleeve 4 is superposed with the axis of a lathe spindle, and a screw 42 of the adjusting sleeve 4 is screwed down to clamp the workpiece 3; the other part of the thermal deformation elongation of the missile engine pull rod in the turning process is a finish turning part, so that two centers of the elastic live center are used for clamping during finish turning; then supporting the jaws of the center frame of the lathe outside the adjusting sleeve 4, namely performing finish turning by using reverse feed, filling sufficient cooling liquid, and selecting a cutter with a front angle of 15-30 degrees to keep the cutter sharp. In the embodiment, the processing rotating speed is 540r/min, the back cutting feed is 0.10-0.15mm, and the feed is 0.05-0.7mm.
The center frame is in contact with the adjusting sleeve 4, the clamping force is not too large easily, the alignment is facilitated, the supporting force of the workpiece 3 is increased, the surface of the workpiece 3 is placed to be abraded and deformed, and the problem of alignment accuracy of the center frame in the process of finish machining is solved; the use of the center frame and the adjusting sleeve 4 increases the rigidity of the workpiece 3 and reduces the vibration of the workpiece 3, thereby improving the surface quality of the workpiece 3. During turning, lubricating oil should be filled frequently at the contact part of the supporting claw of the center frame and the workpiece 3. In order to keep the supporting claw in good contact with the workpiece 3, a layer of abrasive cloth is added between the supporting claw and the workpiece 3 for grinding and cohesion.
As shown in fig. 2, the adjusting sleeve 4 includes an adjusting cylinder 41 and screws 42 that are uniformly distributed on the adjusting cylinder 41 in the circumferential direction. The adjusting cylinder 41 is provided with screws 42 at different heights, i.e. the screws 42 are provided with a plurality of turns on the adjusting cylinder 41.
The adjusting sleeve 4 is made of stainless steel, in the embodiment, the inner hole diameter of an adjusting cylinder 41 of the adjusting sleeve 4 is 18mm, the outer diameter is 26mm, the wall thickness is 4mm, and three screws 42 are respectively arranged at positions 10mm away from two end faces and used for clamping and aligning the workpiece 3.
And the cooling liquid adopted in the third step and the fifth step is water-soluble cutting liquid, and the processed part is fully cooled during processing.
The tools used for processing in the first step to the fifth step are all hard alloy YT15 finish turning tools, the length of a smoothing edge of (1.2-1.5) f is ground on a secondary cutting edge, and the tool is 0.1-0.2mm higher than the center of the workpiece 3 when being clamped, so that the problem of the out-of-tolerance of the surface roughness of the workpiece 3 is solved.
And the tool tip of the tool adopted in the finish machining process in the step five is provided with an arc, and the radius of the arc of the tool tip is R1.2-2mm, so that the stress area is reduced, and the tool is not easy to deform. The cutter comprises a left R cutter and a right R cutter, the right R cutter is used for processing left steps, the left R cutter is used for processing right sides, and the left R cutter and the right R cutter are shown in figure 3.
The front tool face of the tool is ground with a circular arc chip breaker groove with the radius of R1.5-3 mm, so that the cutting is smoothly curled and broken, and the chips are prevented from rolling onto a workpiece 3 to scratch the surface during processing; the inclination angle of the cutting edge of the cutter is +3 degrees to +8 degrees, so that the chips flow to the surface to be processed; the surface roughness Ra of the cutting edge is less than or equal to 0.4 mu m.
The main deflection angle of the cutter is 75-85 degrees, and the strength of the cutter cannot be influenced.
In the first step to the fifth step, when the elastic live center is adopted for propping, the extension part of the tailstock sleeve during the elastic live center is short, the too tight workpiece propped by the propping force of the rear center is easy to bend and deform, and the too loose top is easy to cause vibration, so that the retraction length of the elastic live center is 0.5-1mm.
Compared with the traditional method, the invention increases the rotating speed, reduces the feed amount, reduces the cutting depth, reduces the cutting speed, simultaneously reduces the arc of the tool tip, improves the tool material, uses the steel ring sleeve 1, the center frame and the adjusting sleeve 4, reasonably controls the cutting amount, and solves the problems of vibration, tool gnawing and cutting force in the processing.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving the qualification rate of a missile engine pull rod is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, straightening the rough material after heat treatment: straightening the workpiece by using a copper bar by adopting a reverse knocking method, so that the straightness of the workpiece is not more than 0.30mm;
step two: roughly turning the workpiece;
step three:
(1) Semi-finish turning is carried out on the workpiece, a steel ring sleeve is arranged at one end of the workpiece, and the steel ring sleeve is clamped outside the steel ring sleeve by a three-jaw chuck; the other end of the workpiece is propped by an elastic live center; using reverse feed machining;
sufficient cooling liquid is filled, the sharpness of the cutter is kept, the back knife eating amount is not more than 1mm, and the last knife is not more than 0.5mm;
the steel ring sleeve is a steel ring with an opening, and the opening is formed along the axis of the steel ring sleeve and is vertical to the upper end face and the lower end face of the steel ring sleeve; when the steel ring is sleeved and clamped, the opening of the steel ring needs to be kept away from chuck jaws of the three-jaw chuck;
(2) Unloading the workpiece and the steel ring sleeve, clamping the workpiece by using a three-jaw chuck, wherein the extending length of the workpiece on the three-jaw chuck is 35-40 mm, and turning one end of the workpiece by 90 degrees to remove the allowance of a semi-finish turning part; the rotating speed is 450r/min, the back feed amount is 3mm, and the feed amount is 0.20-0.30mm per rotation; processing a part needing gear hobbing, namely a reference, reserving a margin of 0.5-0.6mm, and then processing a central hole on the end face by using a central drill with the diameter of 2 mm; the diameter of the central hole is 2.5-3mm;
(3) Detaching a workpiece from the three-jaw chuck, transferring two end faces, clamping by using the four-jaw chuck, machining the other end, removing semi-finish turning allowance, and drilling a central hole on the exposed end face; the length of the workpiece extending out of the four-jaw chuck is not more than 30mm; aligning two points in the same direction, wherein the radial runout is not more than 0.01mm, and the runout value is in one direction;
step four: detaching a workpiece, clamping by using two elastic live center centers, enabling the machining part to be close to a bed head during clamping, and performing semi-finish turning by reverse feed; the rotating speed is 450r/min, the feed amount is 0.1-0.2mm, and the feed amount is 0.05-0.08mm;
step five: the workpiece is dismounted, the adjusting sleeve is arranged at one third position of the workpiece close to a machine tool, the axis of the excircle of the adjusting cylinder of the adjusting sleeve is superposed with the axis of the lathe spindle, and the screw of the adjusting sleeve is screwed down to clamp the workpiece; clamping by using two elastic live center; then supporting the jaws of the center frame of the lathe outside the adjusting sleeve, performing finish turning by using reverse feed, filling sufficient cooling liquid, and selecting a cutter with a front angle of 15-30 degrees to keep the cutter sharp.
2. The method for improving the qualification rate of the missile engine tie rod according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the rotating speed during roughing is 320r/min, the back cutting load is 1-3 mm, and the feed amount is 0.23mm.
3. The method for improving the qualification rate of the missile engine tie rod according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, 540r/min of processing speed, 0.10-0.15mm of back cutting amount and 0.05-0.7mm of feeding amount are selected.
4. The method for improving the qualification rate of the pull rod of the missile engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inner diameter of the steel ring sleeve is 0.3mm larger than the outer diameter of the workpiece.
5. The method for improving the qualification rate of the pull rod of the missile engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the steel ring sleeve is made of brass.
6. The method for improving the qualification rate of the pull rod of the missile engine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the width of the opening is 1-1.5mm.
7. The method for improving the qualification rate of the missile engine tie rod according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and D, contacting the central frame with the adjusting sleeve in the step five.
8. The method for improving the qualification rate of the missile engine tie rod according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the adjusting sleeve comprises an adjusting cylinder and screws which are uniformly distributed on the adjusting cylinder along the circumferential direction; the adjusting cylinder is provided with screws at different heights, namely the screws are provided with a plurality of circles on the adjusting cylinder; the adjusting sleeve is made of stainless steel.
9. The method for improving the qualification rate of the pull rod of the missile engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cutting tools used for processing in the first step to the fifth step are all hard alloy YT15 finish turning cutting tools, the length of a smoothing edge of (1.2 to 1.5) f is ground on a secondary cutting edge, and the cutting tools are 0.2mm higher than the center of a workpiece when being clamped.
10. The method for improving the qualification rate of the missile engine tie rod according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the tool tip of the tool adopted in the finish machining process in the step five is provided with an arc, and the radius of the arc of the tool tip is R1.2-2mm.
CN202111030327.XA 2021-09-03 2021-09-03 Method for improving qualification rate of missile engine pull rod Active CN113695854B (en)

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CN102794650A (en) * 2012-07-24 2012-11-28 苏州市建军纺机配件厂 Clip for turning thin and long shaft
CN103611948A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 Method for machining long and thin rod part on ordinary lathe
CN104889507B (en) * 2015-07-04 2017-11-28 云南冶金昆明重工有限公司 A kind of long lead screw turning processing method
CN105364088A (en) * 2015-12-23 2016-03-02 常熟市淼泉压缩机配件有限公司 Improved machining technology for turning automobile torsion bars
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